;; outline
(add-hook 'outline-mode-hook
'(lambda ()
(setq outline-regexp "\\(\\*\\|-\\| -\\| -\\)")
(setq outline-level
'(lambda ()
(cond ((looking-at "\\*") 1)
((looking-at "-") 2)
((looking-at " -") 3)
((looking-at " -") 4)
(t 1000))))))
(setq outline-font-lock-keywords
'(;;
;; Highlight headings according to the level.
(eval . (list (concat "^" outline-regexp ".+")
0 '(or (cdr (assq (outline-font-lock-level)
'((1 . font-lock-function-name-face)
(2 . font-lock-variable-name-face)
(3 . font-lock-doc-face)
(4 . font-lock-comment-face)
(5 . font-lock-comment-face)
(6 . font-lock-type-face)
(7 . font-lock-type-face)
(8 . font-lock-string-face))))
font-lock-warning-face)
nil t))))Note that this definition overrides outline-mode definition of Emacs.
* Top Level Item
- Second level item
- Third level item
- Fourth level itemEmacs automatically highlits each level with a different face.
An example of my presentation slides, which was presented at SPIE's International Symposium on the Convergence of Information Technologies and Communications (ITCom 2004), is shown below.
-*- Outline -*-
* Title
- On Packet Marking Function of Active Queue Management Mechanism: Should It Be Linear, Concave, or Convex?
- Hiroyuki Ohsaki and Masayuki Murata
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Japan
- oosaki[atmark]ist.osaka-u.ac.jp
* Contents
- Introduction
- RED (Random Early Detection)
- Objectives
- Analysis
- Numerical Examples
- Conclusion
* Background
- AQM (Active Queue Management) mechanisms
- Studied by many researchers
- Supports the congestion control mechanism of TCP
- RED (Random Early Detection)
- A representative AQM mechanism
- Randomly discards an arriving packet
- Keeps the average queue length small
- Achieves high throughput
- Its operation algorithm is quite simple
* RED Known Problems
- Parameter sensitivity
- Effectiveness is dependent on four control parameters
- Average queue length is dependent on traffic load
- i.e., the number of active TCP connections
- Parameter tuning difficulty
- The optimal control parameters is affected by traffic load
- More understanding on RED is necessary
* RED Packet Marking Probability
- RED randomly discards an arriving packet with a probability proportional to its average queue length
* Question on RED Packet Marking Probability
- Analytically known facts
- TCP throughput is inversely proportional to p^(1/2)
- p: the packet loss probability in the network
- For M/M/1 queueing system, the average queue length is (rho/(1-rho))
- rho: utilization factor
- So, should the packet marking probability not be changed linearly?
- Question
- For achieving good steady state and transient state performances...
- Whether the packet marking probability should be proportional to the average queue length or not?
* Objectives
- Investigate effect of packet marking function on RED's performance
- Steady state performance
- Transient state performance
- Show how the packet marking function should be determined
- Utilize analytic results of TCP and RED steady state analysis
- Consider three classes of packet marking functions
- Linear, concave, and convex
- Show which packet marking functions is the best...
- in terms of good transient state performance and robustness
* Analysis Overview
- 1. Replace the packet marking function with a generic one
- 2. Combining two analytic models
- Stochastic model of TCP window size
- Deterministic model of RED queue length
- 3. Analyze toward what value the average queue length converges...
- for a given average queue length
* 1. Replace Packet Marking Function and Define Queue Occupancy
- The packet marking function is replaced by
- (2)
- Introduce ``queue occupancy''
* 2. Combining Two Analytic Models
- Expected value of TCP window size: w(p)
- (3)
- (4)
- b: the number of packets required for returning an ACK packet
- p: the packet loss probability in the network
- Queue length of RED in steady state: qavg
- (5)
- N: the number of TCP connections
- w: TCP window size
- B: maximum transmission capacity of RED router
- tau: two-way propagation delay of TCP connection
* 3. Analyze Average Queue Length Convergence Point
- Average queue length convergence point: qavg
- (8)
- Queue occupancy in steady state: x^*
- (9)
* Effect of Packet Marking Function
- Fig. 2
* Optimal Packet Marking Function
- Packet marking function should be chosen such that Eq. (9) becomes a linear function
- (10)
- By solving the above equation, we have
- (11)
- To optimize the steady state and transient state performances...
- f(x) must be changed according to N
- N: the number of active TCP connections
- However, Eq. (11) is impractical...
- since RED router has no capability to know the number of active TCP connections
* Three Function Classes: Linear, Concave, Convex
- Linear
- Eq (11)
- Concave
- Eq (12)
- Convex
- Eq. (13)
* RED Queue Occupancy (Linear Case)
- Fig. 3
* RED Queue Occupancy (Concave Case)
- Fig. 4
* RED Queue Occupancy (Convex Case)
- Fig. 5
* Conclusion
- Analyze effect of packet marking function on RED's performance
- Steady state performance
- Transient state performance
- Show how the packet marking function should be determined
- Utilize analytic results of TCP and RED steady state analysis
- Derive the optimal packet marking function
- Consider three classes of packet marking functions
- Linear, concave, and convex
- Show RED with concave function works best...
- in terms of good transient state performance and robustnessSee the "Outline Mode" section of GNU Emacs manual page for details of the outline-mode, or run M-x describe-mode or M-x describe-bindings for usage summary.
Commands:
C-c C-n outline-next-visible-heading move by visible headings
C-c C-p outline-previous-visible-heading
C-c C-f outline-forward-same-level similar but skip subheadings
C-c C-b outline-backward-same-level
C-c C-u outline-up-heading move from subheading to heading
C-c C-t make all text invisible (not headings).
C-c C-a make everything in buffer visible.
The remaining commands are used when point is on a heading line.
They apply to some of the body or subheadings of that heading.
C-c C-d hide-subtree make body and subheadings invisible.
C-c C-s show-subtree make body and subheadings visible.
C-c TAB show-children make direct subheadings visible.
No effect on body, or subheadings 2 or more levels down.
With arg N, affects subheadings N levels down.
C-c C-c make immediately following body invisible.
C-c C-e make it visible.
C-c C-l make body under heading and under its subheadings invisible.
The subheadings remain visible.
C-c C-k make all subheadings at all levels visible.Use a simple Perl script for outline-to-LaTeX conversion.
http://www.lsnl.jp/~ohsaki/software/perl/outline2texFor converting to a presentation slide, use -s option.
Use a simple Perl script for outline-to-HTML conversion.
http://www.lsnl.jp/~ohsaki/software/perl/outline2htmlFor converting to a PPT file, take the following steps: