%!PS (but not EPSF; comments have been disabled) %DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -D600 -o paper.ps paper.dvi %DVIPSParameters: dpi=600, compressed, comments removed %DVIPSSource: TeX output 1995.08.16:1448 /TeXDict 250 dict def TeXDict begin /N{def}def /B{bind def}N /S{exch}N /X{S N}B /TR{translate}N /isls false N /vsize 11 72 mul N /hsize 8.5 72 mul N /landplus90{false}def /@rigin{isls{[0 landplus90{1 -1}{-1 1} ifelse 0 0 0]concat}if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale isls{landplus90{VResolution 72 div vsize mul 0 exch}{Resolution -72 div hsize mul 0}ifelse TR}if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul TR[matrix currentmatrix{dup dup round sub abs 0.00001 lt{round}if} forall round exch round exch]setmatrix}N /@landscape{/isls true N}B /@manualfeed{statusdict /manualfeed true put}B /@copies{/#copies X}B /FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N /FBB[0 0 0 0]N /nn 0 N /IE 0 N /ctr 0 N /df-tail{ /nn 8 dict N nn begin /FontType 3 N /FontMatrix fntrx N /FontBBox FBB N string /base X array /BitMaps 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0f1e3cc71c1f9b1e0f0c7cce6d80000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 % 0000000000000000000c00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 % 0000000000000000000c00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 /InitDictCount countdictstack def gsave save mark newpath /showpage {} def /Win35Dict 290 dict def Win35Dict begin/bd{bind def}bind def/in{72 mul}bd/ed{exch def}bd/ld{load def}bd/tr/translate ld/gs/gsave ld/gr /grestore ld/M/moveto ld/L/lineto ld/rmt/rmoveto ld/rlt/rlineto ld /rct/rcurveto ld/st/stroke ld/n/newpath ld/sm/setmatrix ld/cm/currentmatrix ld/cp/closepath ld/ARC/arcn ld/TR{65536 div}bd/lj/setlinejoin ld/lc /setlinecap ld/ml/setmiterlimit ld/sl/setlinewidth ld/scignore false def/sc{scignore{pop pop pop}{0 index 2 index eq 2 index 4 index eq and{pop pop 255 div setgray}{3{255 div 3 1 roll}repeat setrgbcolor}ifelse}ifelse}bd /FC{bR bG bB sc}bd/fC{/bB ed/bG ed/bR ed}bd/HC{hR hG hB sc}bd/hC{ /hB ed/hG ed/hR ed}bd/PC{pR pG pB sc}bd/pC{/pB ed/pG ed/pR ed}bd/sM matrix def/PenW 1 def/iPen 5 def/mxF matrix def/mxE matrix def/mxUE matrix def/mxUF matrix def/fBE false def/iDevRes 72 0 matrix defaultmatrix dtransform dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt def/fPP false def/SS{fPP{ /SV save def}{gs}ifelse}bd/RS{fPP{SV restore}{gr}ifelse}bd/EJ{gsave showpage grestore}bd/#C{userdict begin/#copies ed end}bd/FEbuf 2 string def/FEglyph(G )def/FE{1 exch{dup 16 FEbuf cvrs FEglyph exch 1 exch putinterval 1 index exch FEglyph cvn put}for}bd/SM{/iRes ed/cyP ed /cxPg ed/cyM ed/cxM ed 72 100 div dup scale dup 0 ne{90 eq{cyM exch 0 eq{cxM exch tr -90 rotate -1 1 scale}{cxM cxPg add exch tr +90 rotate}ifelse}{cyP cyM sub exch 0 ne{cxM exch tr -90 rotate}{cxM cxPg add exch tr -90 rotate 1 -1 scale}ifelse}ifelse}{pop cyP cyM sub exch 0 ne{cxM cxPg add exch tr 180 rotate}{cxM exch tr 1 -1 scale}ifelse}ifelse 100 iRes div dup scale 0 0 transform .25 add round .25 sub exch .25 add round .25 sub exch itransform translate}bd/SJ{1 index 0 eq{pop pop/fBE false def}{1 index/Break ed div/dxBreak ed/fBE true def}ifelse}bd/ANSIVec[ 16#0/grave 16#1/acute 16#2/circumflex 16#3/tilde 16#4/macron 16#5/breve 16#6/dotaccent 16#7/dieresis 16#8/ring 16#9/cedilla 16#A/hungarumlaut 16#B/ogonek 16#C/caron 16#D/dotlessi 16#27/quotesingle 16#60/grave 16#7C/bar 16#82/quotesinglbase 16#83/florin 16#84/quotedblbase 16#85 /ellipsis 16#86/dagger 16#87/daggerdbl 16#88/circumflex 16#89/perthousand 16#8A/Scaron 16#8B/guilsinglleft 16#8C/OE 16#91/quoteleft 16#92/quoteright 16#93/quotedblleft 16#94/quotedblright 16#95/bullet 16#96/endash 16#97 /emdash 16#98/tilde 16#99/trademark 16#9A/scaron 16#9B/guilsinglright 16#9C/oe 16#9F/Ydieresis 16#A0/space 16#A1/exclamdown 16#A4/currency 16#A5/yen 16#A6/brokenbar 16#A7/section 16#A8/dieresis 16#A9/copyright 16#AA/ordfeminine 16#AB/guillemotleft 16#AC/logicalnot 16#AD/hyphen 16#AE/registered 16#AF/macron 16#B0/degree 16#B1/plusminus 16#B2/twosuperior 16#B3/threesuperior 16#B4/acute 16#B5/mu 16#B6/paragraph 16#B7/periodcentered 16#B8/cedilla 16#B9/onesuperior 16#BA/ordmasculine 16#BB/guillemotright 16#BC/onequarter 16#BD/onehalf 16#BE/threequarters 16#BF/questiondown 16#C0/Agrave 16#C1/Aacute 16#C2/Acircumflex 16#C3/Atilde 16#C4/Adieresis 16#C5/Aring 16#C6/AE 16#C7/Ccedilla 16#C8/Egrave 16#C9/Eacute 16#CA /Ecircumflex 16#CB/Edieresis 16#CC/Igrave 16#CD/Iacute 16#CE/Icircumflex 16#CF/Idieresis 16#D0/Eth 16#D1/Ntilde 16#D2/Ograve 16#D3/Oacute 16#D4 /Ocircumflex 16#D5/Otilde 16#D6/Odieresis 16#D7/multiply 16#D8/Oslash 16#D9/Ugrave 16#DA/Uacute 16#DB/Ucircumflex 16#DC/Udieresis 16#DD/Yacute 16#DE/Thorn 16#DF/germandbls 16#E0/agrave 16#E1/aacute 16#E2/acircumflex 16#E3/atilde 16#E4/adieresis 16#E5/aring 16#E6/ae 16#E7/ccedilla 16#E8 /egrave 16#E9/eacute 16#EA/ecircumflex 16#EB/edieresis 16#EC/igrave 16#ED/iacute 16#EE/icircumflex 16#EF/idieresis 16#F0/eth 16#F1/ntilde 16#F2/ograve 16#F3/oacute 16#F4/ocircumflex 16#F5/otilde 16#F6/odieresis 16#F7/divide 16#F8/oslash 16#F9/ugrave 16#FA/uacute 16#FB/ucircumflex 16#FC/udieresis 16#FD/yacute 16#FE/thorn 16#FF/ydieresis ] def/reencdict 12 dict def/IsChar{basefontdict/CharStrings get exch known}bd/MapCh{dup IsChar not{pop/bullet}if newfont/Encoding get 3 1 roll put}bd/MapDegree{16#b0 /degree IsChar{/degree}{/ring}ifelse MapCh}bd/MapBB{16#a6/brokenbar IsChar{/brokenbar}{/bar}ifelse MapCh}bd/ANSIFont{reencdict begin/newfontname ed/basefontname ed FontDirectory newfontname known not{/basefontdict basefontname findfont def/newfont basefontdict maxlength dict def basefontdict{exch dup/FID ne{dup/Encoding eq{exch dup length array copy newfont 3 1 roll put}{exch newfont 3 1 roll put}ifelse}{pop pop}ifelse}forall newfont /FontName newfontname put 127 1 159{newfont/Encoding get exch/bullet put}for ANSIVec aload pop ANSIVec length 2 idiv{MapCh}repeat MapDegree MapBB newfontname newfont definefont pop}if newfontname end}bd/SB{FC /ULlen ed/str ed str length fBE not{dup 1 gt{1 sub}if}if/cbStr ed /dxGdi ed/y0 ed/x0 ed str stringwidth dup 0 ne{/y1 ed/x1 ed y1 y1 mul x1 x1 mul add sqrt dxGdi exch div 1 sub dup x1 mul cbStr div exch y1 mul cbStr div}{exch abs neg dxGdi add cbStr div exch}ifelse/dyExtra ed/dxExtra ed x0 y0 M fBE{dxBreak 0 BCh dxExtra dyExtra str awidthshow}{dxExtra dyExtra str ashow}ifelse fUL{x0 y0 M dxUL dyUL rmt ULlen fBE{Break add}if 0 mxUE transform gs rlt cyUL sl [] 0 setdash st gr}if fSO{x0 y0 M dxSO dySO rmt ULlen fBE{Break add}if 0 mxUE transform gs rlt cyUL sl [] 0 setdash st gr}if n/fBE false def}bd/font{/name ed/Ascent ed 0 ne/fT3 ed 0 ne/fSO ed 0 ne/fUL ed/Sy ed/Sx ed 10.0 div/ori ed -10.0 div/esc ed/BCh ed name findfont/xAscent 0 def/yAscent Ascent def/ULesc esc def ULesc mxUE rotate pop fT3{/esc 0 def xAscent yAscent mxUE transform /yAscent ed/xAscent ed}if [Sx 0 0 Sy neg xAscent yAscent] esc mxE rotate mxF concatmatrix makefont setfont [Sx 0 0 Sy neg 0 Ascent] mxUE mxUF concatmatrix pop fUL{currentfont dup/FontInfo get/UnderlinePosition known not{pop/Courier findfont}if/FontInfo get/UnderlinePosition get 1000 div 0 exch mxUF transform/dyUL ed/dxUL ed}if fSO{0 .3 mxUF transform /dySO ed/dxSO ed}if fUL fSO or{currentfont dup/FontInfo get/UnderlineThickness known not{pop/Courier findfont}if/FontInfo get/UnderlineThickness get 1000 div Sy mul/cyUL ed}if}bd/min{2 copy gt{exch}if pop}bd/max{2 copy lt{exch}if pop}bd/CP{/ft ed{{ft 0 eq{clip}{eoclip}ifelse}stopped{currentflat 1 add setflat}{exit}ifelse}loop}bd/patfont 10 dict def patfont begin /FontType 3 def/FontMatrix [1 0 0 -1 0 0] def/FontBBox [0 0 16 16] def/Encoding StandardEncoding def/BuildChar{pop pop 16 0 0 0 16 16 setcachedevice 16 16 false [1 0 0 1 .25 .25]{pat}imagemask}bd end/p{ /pat 32 string def{}forall 0 1 7{dup 2 mul pat exch 3 index put dup 2 mul 1 add pat exch 3 index put dup 2 mul 16 add pat exch 3 index put 2 mul 17 add pat exch 2 index put pop}for}bd/pfill{/PatFont patfont definefont setfont/ch(AAAA)def X0 64 X1{Y1 -16 Y0{1 index exch M ch show}for pop}for}bd/vert{X0 w X1{dup Y0 M Y1 L st}for}bd/horz{Y0 w Y1{dup X0 exch M X1 exch L st}for}bd/fdiag{X0 w X1{Y0 M X1 X0 sub dup rlt st}for Y0 w Y1{X0 exch M Y1 Y0 sub dup rlt st}for}bd/bdiag{X0 w X1{Y1 M X1 X0 sub dup neg rlt st}for Y0 w Y1{X0 exch M Y1 Y0 sub dup neg rlt st}for}bd/AU{1 add cvi 15 or}bd/AD{1 sub cvi -16 and}bd/SHR{pathbbox AU/Y1 ed AU/X1 ed AD/Y0 ed AD/X0 ed}bd/hfill{/w iRes 37.5 div round def 0.1 sl [] 0 setdash n dup 0 eq{horz}if dup 1 eq{vert}if dup 2 eq{fdiag}if dup 3 eq{bdiag}if dup 4 eq{horz vert}if 5 eq{fdiag bdiag}if}bd/F{/ft ed fm 256 and 0 ne{gs FC ft 0 eq{fill}{eofill}ifelse gr}if fm 1536 and 0 ne{SHR gs HC ft CP fm 1024 and 0 ne{/Tmp save def pfill Tmp restore}{fm 15 and hfill}ifelse gr}if}bd/S{PenW sl PC st}bd/m matrix def/GW{iRes 12 div PenW add cvi}bd/DoW{iRes 50 div PenW add cvi}bd/DW{iRes 8 div PenW add cvi}bd/SP{/PenW ed/iPen ed iPen 0 eq iPen 6 eq or{[] 0 setdash}if iPen 1 eq{[DW GW] 0 setdash}if iPen 2 eq{[DoW GW] 0 setdash}if iPen 3 eq{[DW GW DoW GW] 0 setdash}if iPen 4 eq{[DW GW DoW GW DoW GW] 0 setdash}if}bd/E{m cm pop tr scale 1 0 moveto 0 0 1 0 360 arc cp m sm}bd /AG{/sy ed/sx ed sx div 4 1 roll sy div 4 1 roll sx div 4 1 roll sy div 4 1 roll atan/a2 ed atan/a1 ed sx sy scale a1 a2 ARC}def/A{m cm pop tr AG m sm}def/P{m cm pop tr 0 0 M AG cp m sm}def/RRect{n 4 copy M 3 1 roll exch L 4 2 roll L L cp}bd/RRCC{/r ed/y1 ed/x1 ed/y0 ed/x0 ed x0 x1 add 2 div y0 M x1 y0 x1 y1 r arcto 4{pop}repeat x1 y1 x0 y1 r arcto 4{pop}repeat x0 y1 x0 y0 r arcto 4{pop}repeat x0 y0 x1 y0 r arcto 4{pop}repeat cp}bd/RR{2 copy 0 eq exch 0 eq or{pop pop RRect}{2 copy eq{pop RRCC}{m cm pop/y2 ed/x2 ed/ys y2 x2 div 1 max def/xs x2 y2 div 1 max def/y1 exch ys div def/x1 exch xs div def/y0 exch ys div def/x0 exch xs div def/r2 x2 y2 min def xs ys scale x0 x1 add 2 div y0 M x1 y0 x1 y1 r2 arcto 4{pop}repeat x1 y1 x0 y1 r2 arcto 4{pop}repeat x0 y1 x0 y0 r2 arcto 4{pop}repeat x0 y0 x1 y0 r2 arcto 4{pop}repeat m sm cp}ifelse}ifelse}bd/PP{{rlt}repeat}bd/OB{gs 0 ne{7 3 roll/y ed /x ed x y translate ULesc rotate x neg y neg translate x y 7 -3 roll}if sc B fill gr}bd/B{M/dy ed/dx ed dx 0 rlt 0 dy rlt dx neg 0 rlt cp}bd /CB{B clip n}bd/ErrHandler{errordict dup maxlength exch length gt dup{errordict begin}if/errhelpdict 12 dict def errhelpdict begin/stackunderflow(operand stack underflow)def /undefined(this name is not defined in a dictionary)def/VMerror(you have used up all the printer's memory)def /typecheck(operator was expecting a different type of operand)def /ioerror(input/output error occured)def end{end}if errordict begin /handleerror{$error begin newerror{/newerror false def showpage 72 72 scale/x .25 def/y 9.6 def/Helvetica findfont .2 scalefont setfont x y moveto(Offending Command = )show/command load{dup type/stringtype ne{(max err string)cvs}if show}exec/y y .2 sub def x y moveto(Error = )show errorname{dup type dup( max err string )cvs show( : )show/stringtype ne{( max err string )cvs}if show}exec errordict begin errhelpdict errorname known{x 1 add y .2 sub moveto errhelpdict errorname get show}if end /y y .4 sub def x y moveto(Stack =)show ostack{/y y .2 sub def x 1 add y moveto dup type/stringtype ne{( max err string )cvs}if show}forall showpage}if end}def end}bd end Win35Dict begin ErrHandler /fPP true def SS 0 0 25 31 776 1169 300 SM 0 0 0 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1605 M 0 5 29 0 0 -5 -29 0 4 PP 1 F n 17 17 17 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1605 M 29 0 0 -6 -29 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 34 34 34 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1611 M 29 0 0 -5 -29 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 51 51 51 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1616 M 29 0 0 -6 -29 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 68 68 68 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1622 M 29 0 0 -5 -29 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 85 85 85 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1627 M 29 0 0 -6 -29 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 102 102 102 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1633 M 29 0 0 -5 -29 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 119 119 119 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1638 M 29 0 0 -6 -29 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 136 136 136 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1644 M 29 0 0 -5 -29 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 153 153 153 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1649 M 29 0 0 -6 -29 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 170 170 170 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1655 M 29 0 0 -5 -29 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 187 187 187 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1660 M 29 0 0 -6 -29 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 204 204 204 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1666 M 29 0 0 -5 -29 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 221 221 221 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1671 M 29 0 0 -6 -29 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 238 238 238 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1677 M 29 0 0 -5 -29 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 255 255 255 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1682 M 29 0 0 -6 -29 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n /fm 256 def 1258 1693 M 0 5 29 0 0 -5 -29 0 4 PP 1 F n 238 238 238 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1693 M 29 0 0 -6 -29 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 221 221 221 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1699 M 29 0 0 -5 -29 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 204 204 204 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1704 M 29 0 0 -6 -29 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 187 187 187 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1710 M 29 0 0 -5 -29 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 170 170 170 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1715 M 29 0 0 -6 -29 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 153 153 153 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1721 M 29 0 0 -5 -29 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 136 136 136 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1726 M 29 0 0 -6 -29 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 119 119 119 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1732 M 29 0 0 -6 -29 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 102 102 102 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1738 M 29 0 0 -5 -29 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 85 85 85 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1743 M 29 0 0 -6 -29 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 68 68 68 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1749 M 29 0 0 -5 -29 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 51 51 51 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1754 M 29 0 0 -6 -29 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 34 34 34 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1760 M 29 0 0 -5 -29 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 17 17 17 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1765 M 29 0 0 -6 -29 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 0 0 0 fC /fm 256 def 1258 1771 M 29 0 0 -6 -29 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 1 lc 1 lj 0 0 0 pC 0 4 SP 1229 1600 M 0 -177 -29 0 0 177 29 0 4 PP S n 0 0 0 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1605 M 0 5 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 4 PP 1 F n 17 17 17 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1605 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 34 34 34 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1611 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 51 51 51 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1616 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 68 68 68 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1622 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 85 85 85 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1627 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 102 102 102 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1633 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 119 119 119 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1638 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 136 136 136 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1644 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 153 153 153 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1649 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 170 170 170 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1655 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 187 187 187 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1660 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 204 204 204 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1666 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 221 221 221 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1671 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 238 238 238 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1677 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 255 255 255 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1682 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n /fm 256 def 1288 1693 M 0 5 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 4 PP 1 F n 238 238 238 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1693 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 221 221 221 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1699 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 204 204 204 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1704 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 187 187 187 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1710 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 170 170 170 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1715 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 153 153 153 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1721 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 136 136 136 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1726 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 119 119 119 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1732 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 102 102 102 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1738 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 85 85 85 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1743 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 68 68 68 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1749 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 51 51 51 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1754 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 34 34 34 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1760 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 1 F n 17 17 17 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1765 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 0 0 0 fC /fm 256 def 1288 1771 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 1 F n 0 4 SP 1258 1600 M 0 -177 -30 0 0 177 30 0 4 PP S n 192 192 192 pC 0 12 SP 680 1691 M 2 7 3 8 2 8 3 9 2 9 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 11 2 11 1 12 2 12 1 12 1 13 1 13 1 13 1 13 0 14 1 14 0 14 20 PP 3 -5 3 -5 3 -5 3 -3 3 -3 3 -3 3 -2 4 -1 3 0 3 0 4 1 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 6 3 7 20 PP 0 -14 1 -13 1 -13 1 -13 1 -13 1 -12 2 -12 1 -12 2 -11 2 -11 2 -10 2 -10 2 -10 2 -9 3 -9 2 -8 3 -8 2 -7 3 -7 3 -6 20 PP -2 -9 -2 -10 -2 -10 -2 -10 -2 -11 -2 -12 -1 -11 -2 -12 -1 -13 -1 -12 -1 -13 -1 -13 -1 -14 0 -14 -1 -13 0 -15 0 -14 0 -14 0 -14 1 -14 20 PP -3 3 -3 3 -3 2 -4 1 -3 0 -3 0 -4 -1 -3 -2 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -5 -3 -5 -3 -5 -3 -6 -3 -7 -2 -7 -3 -8 -2 -8 -3 -9 20 PP -1 12 -1 13 -2 12 -1 11 -2 12 -2 11 -2 10 -2 10 -2 10 -2 9 -3 9 -2 8 -3 8 -2 7 -3 7 -3 6 -3 5 -3 5 -3 5 -3 3 20 PP 0 14 0 14 0 15 -1 13 0 14 -1 14 -1 13 -1 13 8 PP S n 255 255 255 fC /fm 256 def 746 1517 M -5 -343 -106 0 5 343 106 0 4 PP 1 F n 128 128 128 fC /fm 256 def 534 1986 M -420 215 0 16 16 0 420 -215 0 -16 -16 0 6 PP 0 F n /fm 256 def 931 1753 M -14 -28 -42 39 56 -11 3 PP 0 F n /fm 256 def 534 1702 M -415 0 0 16 16 0 415 0 0 -16 -16 0 6 PP 0 F n /fm 256 def 932 1678 M 0 -32 -55 16 55 16 3 PP 0 F n /fm 256 def 506 1395 M -433 -238 -16 0 0 16 433 238 16 0 0 -16 6 PP 0 F n /fm 256 def 947 1607 M 16 -28 -56 -12 40 40 3 PP 0 F n /fm 256 def 1479 1691 M -226 0 0 16 16 0 226 0 0 -16 -16 0 6 PP 0 F n /fm 256 def 1688 1667 M 0 -32 -55 16 55 16 3 PP 0 F n 0 0 0 pC 0 2 SP 0 0 0 fC /fm 256 def 1707 1588 M -177 0 0 -236 177 -1 -59 119 59 118 5 PP 1 F S n /fm 256 def 1861 1572 M 0 7 177 0 -4 -7 -173 0 4 PP 1 F n 12 12 12 fC /fm 256 def 1861 1572 M 173 0 -3 -7 -170 0 0 7 4 PP 1 F n 25 25 25 fC /fm 256 def 1861 1579 M 170 0 -4 -8 -166 0 0 8 4 PP 1 F n 38 38 38 fC /fm 256 def 1861 1587 M 166 0 -4 -7 -162 0 0 7 4 PP 1 F n 51 51 51 fC /fm 256 def 1861 1594 M 162 0 -3 -7 -159 0 0 7 4 PP 1 F n 64 64 64 fC /fm 256 def 1861 1601 M 159 0 -4 -8 -155 0 0 8 4 PP 1 F n 76 76 76 fC /fm 256 def 1861 1609 M 155 0 -4 -7 -151 0 0 7 4 PP 1 F n 89 89 89 fC /fm 256 def 1861 1616 M 152 0 -5 -8 -147 0 0 8 4 PP 1 F n 102 102 102 fC /fm 256 def 1861 1624 M 147 0 -3 -7 -144 0 0 7 4 PP 1 F n 115 115 115 fC /fm 256 def 1861 1631 M 144 0 -3 -7 -141 0 0 7 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PP 1 F n 90 90 90 fC /fm 256 def 1861 1742 M 147 0 4 -7 -151 0 0 7 4 PP 1 F n 77 77 77 fC /fm 256 def 1861 1749 M 151 0 4 -7 -155 0 0 7 4 PP 1 F n 64 64 64 fC /fm 256 def 1861 1756 M 154 0 4 -8 -158 0 0 8 4 PP 1 F n 52 52 52 fC /fm 256 def 1861 1764 M 159 0 3 -7 -162 0 0 7 4 PP 1 F n 39 39 39 fC /fm 256 def 1861 1771 M 162 0 4 -7 -166 0 0 7 4 PP 1 F n 26 26 26 fC /fm 256 def 1861 1778 M 165 0 5 -8 -170 0 0 8 4 PP 1 F n 13 13 13 fC /fm 256 def 1861 1786 M 169 0 4 -7 -173 0 0 7 4 PP 1 F n 0 0 0 fC /fm 256 def 1861 1793 M 173 0 4 -8 -177 0 0 8 4 PP 1 F n 32 0 0 50 50 0 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font13 ANSIFont font 255 255 255 fC 1748 1658 69 (DE) 70 SB 1818 1658 33 (S) 0 SB 0 0 0 fC /fm 256 def 361 1883 M -118 0 -59 -118 59 -119 118 0 0 237 5 PP 1 F n 192 192 192 fC /fm 256 def 510 1985 M -4 7 177 0 0 -7 -173 0 4 PP 1 F n 180 180 180 fC /fm 256 def 510 1985 M 173 0 0 -7 -170 0 -3 7 4 PP 1 F n 167 167 167 fC /fm 256 def 507 1992 M 170 0 0 -8 -166 0 -4 8 4 PP 1 F n 154 154 154 fC /fm 256 def 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187 187 187 fC /fm 256 def 1111 1711 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 0 F n 170 170 170 fC /fm 256 def 1111 1716 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 0 F n 153 153 153 fC /fm 256 def 1111 1722 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 0 F n 136 136 136 fC /fm 256 def 1111 1727 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 0 F n 119 119 119 fC /fm 256 def 1111 1733 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 0 F n 102 102 102 fC /fm 256 def 1111 1738 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 0 F n 85 85 85 fC /fm 256 def 1111 1744 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 0 F n 68 68 68 fC /fm 256 def 1111 1749 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 0 F n 51 51 51 fC /fm 256 def 1111 1755 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 0 F n 34 34 34 fC /fm 256 def 1111 1760 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 0 F n 17 17 17 fC /fm 256 def 1111 1766 M 30 0 0 -5 -30 0 0 5 4 PP 0 F n 0 0 0 fC /fm 256 def 1111 1771 M 30 0 0 -6 -30 0 0 6 4 PP 0 F n 0 4 SP 1082 1600 M 0 -177 -29 0 0 177 29 0 4 PP S n 192 192 192 fC /fm 256 def 1022 1600 M 0 -177 -30 0 0 177 30 0 4 PP 0 F n 0 4 SP 1022 1600 M 0 -177 -30 0 0 177 30 0 4 PP S n 192 192 192 fC /fm 256 def 993 1600 M 0 -177 -29 0 0 177 29 0 4 PP 0 F n 0 4 SP 993 1600 M 0 -177 -29 0 0 177 29 0 4 PP S n 192 192 192 fC /fm 256 def 1052 1600 M 0 -177 -29 0 0 177 29 0 4 PP 0 F n 0 4 SP 1052 1600 M 0 -177 -29 0 0 177 29 0 4 PP S n 32 0 0 19 18 0 0 0 17 /Helvetica-Bold /font13 ANSIFont font 0 0 0 fC % 896 2194 535 (Created using UNREGISTERED Top Draw 2/26/95 1:14:59 AM) 535 SB EJ RS end % TrueType font name key: % MSTT31c0f4 = 2a57DArialF00180032000002bc0000 % MSTT31c0ff = 2a57DArialF00160032000002bc0000 % MSTT31c10a = 2a57DArialF00160032000002bc0002 % MSTT31c115 = 2a57DArialF00180032000002bc0002 % MSTT31c120 = 2a57DArialF00090012000002bc0000 countdictstack InitDictCount sub { end } repeat cleartomark restore grestore @endspecial 2493 3603 a(Fig.)g(1:)27 b(Analytic)21 b(Model)g(for)g (EPRCA.)2123 3806 y(In)41 b(all)g(three)g(types)g(of)f(switches,)46 b(congestion)41 b(is)g(detected)g(by)2040 3906 y(threshold)23 b(values)f(associated)h(with)g(the)g(queue)f(length)h(at)g(the)g (switch)2040 4005 y(buf)o(fer)-5 b(.)31 b(The)21 b(EFCI)h(switch)g(has) g(high)g(and)f(low)h(threshold)g(values)g(de-)2040 4105 y(noted)g(as)g Fl(Q)2403 4117 y Fk(H)2488 4105 y Fm(and)g Fl(Q)2696 4117 y Fk(L)2745 4105 y Fm(.)31 b(When)22 b(the)g(queue)g (length)g(at)g(the)g(switch)f(ex-)2040 4204 y(ceeds)c Fl(Q)2308 4216 y Fk(H)2370 4204 y Fm(,)h(the)g(switch)f(detects)g(its)h (congestion)f(and)h(marks)f(the)h(EFCI)2040 4304 y(bit)k(in)g(the)h (header)f(of)g(data)g(cells.)32 b(When)22 b(the)h(queue)f(length)g (goes)g(un-)2040 4404 y(der)30 b Fl(Q)2242 4416 y Fk(L)2291 4404 y Fm(,)i(on)e(the)f(other)h(hand,)i(it)e(is)f(regarded)h(that)g (congestion)f(ter)o(-)2040 4503 y(minates.)54 b(The)30 b(BES)g(and)g(EDS)f(switches)h(have)g(another)f(threshold)2040 4603 y(value)22 b Fl(D)r(QT)34 b Fm(and)22 b(take)f(an)h(action)g (against)g(congestion)g(according)g(to)2040 4703 y(its)e(switch)g(type) h(as)f(described)g(in)g(the)g(previous)g(section.)28 b(In)20 b(EPRCA,)2040 4802 y(the)g(source)g(end)h(system)f(sends)g(RM)g (cells)h(proportionally)f(to)g(its)g(rate.)2040 4902 y(Furthermore,)27 b(the)f(rate)g(is)g(changed)g(in)g(response)g(to)g (backward)g(RM)2040 5001 y(cells)36 b(returned)g(from)g(the)g (destination)g(end)f(system,)40 b(and)c(the)g(rate)2040 5101 y(at)c(which)h(the)f(backward)h(RM)f(cells)h(are)f(received)h(is)f (bounded)h(by)2040 5201 y Fl(B)t(W)r(=)p Fh(\()p Fl(N)2328 5213 y Fk(V)s(C)2440 5201 y Fl(N)2496 5213 y Fk(RM)2620 5201 y Fh(\))23 b Fm(when)g(the)g(switch)g(is)g(congested.)35 b(Otherwise,)24 b(it)2040 5300 y(is)29 b(identical)g(to)g(the)g (transmission)g(rate)g(of)g(the)g(source)g(end)g(system.)2040 5400 y(W)-7 b(e,)20 b(therefore,)f(require)g(an)g(analytical)g (treatment)g(dif)o(ferent)g(from)g(the)p eop 3 2 bop -360 -217 a Fm(one)27 b(presented)f(in)h([5],)h(where)f(the)g (rate)f(change)h(is)g(performed)f(on)h(a)-360 -117 y(timer)21 b(basis.)-277 -13 y(Let)j(us)g(introduce)h Fl(AC)6 b(R)p Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))24 b Fm(and)h Fl(Q)p Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))p Fm(,)g(which)f(respectively)g(rep-)-360 86 y(resent)h(the)h (cell)f(transmission)g(rate)h Fl(AC)6 b(R)26 b Fm(of)f(each)g(source)h (end)f(sys-)-360 186 y(tem)i(and)g(the)g(queue)g(length)g(at)g(the)g (switch)g(observed)g(at)g(time)g Fl(t)p Fm(.)46 b(In)-360 286 y(what)29 b(follows,)h(evolutions)f(of)f Fl(AC)6 b(R)q Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))28 b Fm(and)h Fl(Q)p Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))f Fm(in)h(steady)g(state)-360 385 y(are)c(analyzed)h (assuming)f(that)g(\(1\))h(the)f(switch)g(has)g(in\256nite)h(capacity) -360 485 y(of)17 b(the)g(buf)o(fer)m(,)h(and)f(that)g(\(2\))g(the)g (source)h(end)f(system)g(always)g(has)h(cells)-360 585 y(to)31 b(be)f(sent.)57 b(Therefore,)33 b Fl(AC)6 b(R)q Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))30 b Fm(becomes)h(equivalent)g(to)f Fl(C)6 b(C)g(R)-360 684 y Fm(which)23 b(is)h(the)f(actual)h(cell)f (transmission)g(rate.)36 b(For)23 b(the)h(EDS)f(switch,)-360 784 y(we)16 b(will)g(point)g(out)g(its)g(drawback)h(and)f(analyze)g(a)g (modi\256ed)g(version)g(of)-360 883 y(EDS)h(switch)g(\(prioritized)g (EDS\),)f(which)h(has)g(a)g(capability)g(to)g(provide)-360 983 y(a)25 b(simple)f(priority)h(control)f(mechanism.)39 b(Last,)26 b(we)f(note)f(that)h(initial)-360 1083 y(transient)18 b(analyses)f(of)h(these)g(switches)f(are)h(reported)f(in)h(a)g (companion)-360 1182 y(paper)j([8].)-2 1406 y Fo(IV)-13 b(.)50 b(STEADY)25 b(ST)-8 b(A)d(TE)25 b(ANAL)-10 b(YSIS)-360 1531 y Fm(In)30 b(this)g(section,)i(we)e(analyze)g(performance)g(of)g (EPRCA)g(in)g(steady)-360 1630 y(state)20 b(with)h(comparison)f(among)h (three)f(types)g(of)h(switches)f(suggested)-360 1730 y(in)h([2].)-360 1924 y Fj(A.)42 b(EFCI)20 b(Switch)-360 2030 y Fm(First)26 b(we)f(focus)h(on)g(the)g(EFCI)f(switch)h(to)g (analyze)g(a)f(dynamical)h(be-)-360 2129 y(havior)20 b(of)g Fl(AC)6 b(R)q Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))20 b Fm(and)g Fl(Q)p Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))p Fm(.)27 b(In)20 b(the)g(following)g (analysis,)g(forward)-360 2229 y(RM)14 b(cells)g(are)g(not)g (explicitly)g(considered.)25 b(Hence)15 b(this)f(model)g(is)g(equi-) -360 2329 y(valent)27 b(to)g(PRCA)g(proposed)g(in)g([7].)46 b(However)m(,)28 b(forward)f(RM)g(cells)-360 2428 y(can)e(easily)h(be)f (taken)g(into)h(account)f(by)g(replacing)g Fl(B)5 b(W)36 b Fm(in)26 b(our)f(ana-)-360 2528 y(lysis)c(with)g Fl(B)t(W)138 2498 y Fg(0)183 2528 y Fm(de\256ned)g(as)200 2759 y Fl(B)t(W)357 2725 y Fg(0)404 2759 y Fh(=)i Fl(B)t(W)730 2703 y(N)786 2715 y Fk(RM)p 658 2740 323 4 v 658 2816 a Fl(N)714 2828 y Fk(RM)856 2816 y Fh(+)18 b(1)991 2759 y Fl(:)629 b Fm(\(1\))-360 2991 y(In)15 b(numerical)h(examples,)g Fl(B)5 b(W)580 2961 y Fg(0)619 2991 y Fm(will)15 b(be)h(used)f(to)h (compare)f(with)h(other)-360 3091 y(switches)21 b(which)g(require)f (forward)h(RM)g(cells.)-360 3285 y Fj(1\))42 b(Determination)20 b(of)h Fl(AC)6 b(R)q Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))p Fj(:)-360 3389 y Fm(Figure)15 b(2)g(shows)g(a)g(pictorial)g(view)g(of)g Fl(AC)6 b(R)p Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))15 b Fm(and)g Fl(Q)p Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))g Fm(which)g(have)-360 3489 y(a)31 b(periodicity)g(in)g(steady)g(state.)58 b(An)31 b(initial)g(point)g(of) g(one)g(cycle)g(is)-360 3588 y(de\256ned)18 b(at)f(the)h(time)g(when)f (the)h(congestion)g(indication)g(is)f(received)h(at)-360 3688 y(the)j(source)h(end)f(system.)29 b(In)21 b(the)h(EFCI)f(switch,)g (it)h(takes)f Fl(\034)1391 3700 y Fk(xds)1520 3688 y Fm(for)g(the)-360 3787 y(congestion)27 b(indication)g(to)g(reach)f(the) h(source)g(end)g(system)g(after)g(the)-360 3887 y(queue)e(length)g (becomes)g Fl(Q)477 3899 y Fk(H)565 3887 y Fm(at)g(the)g(switch.)40 b(W)-6 b(e)25 b(divide)g(one)f(cycle)-360 3987 y(into)29 b(four)g(phases)g(following)g(behaviors)g(of)g Fl(AC)6 b(R)q Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))29 b Fm(and)g Fl(Q)p Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))g Fm(as)-360 4086 y(depicted)22 b(in)g(Fig.)g(2.)31 b(For)22 b(simplicity)g(of)g(presentation,)g(we)g(introduce)-360 4186 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)-170 4198 y Fk(i)-142 4186 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))21 b Fm(and)g Fl(Q)180 4198 y Fk(i)207 4186 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))g Fm(as)-100 4378 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)90 4390 y Fk(i)118 4378 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))83 b(=)g Fl(AC)6 b(R)q Fh(\()p Fl(t)18 b Fi(\000)h Fl(t)828 4390 y Fk(i)p Fg(\000)p Ff(1)941 4378 y Fh(\))p Fl(;)97 b Fh(0)23 b Fi(\024)g Fl(t)g(<)g(t)1416 4390 y Fk(i)1443 4378 y Fl(;)25 4502 y(Q)91 4514 y Fk(i)118 4502 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))83 b(=)g Fl(Q)p Fh(\()p Fl(t)18 b Fi(\000)h Fl(t)702 4514 y Fk(i)p Fg(\000)p Ff(1)815 4502 y Fh(\))p Fl(;)97 b Fh(0)23 b Fi(\024)g Fl(t)g(<)g(t)1290 4514 y Fk(i)1318 4502 y Fl(;)-360 4694 y Fm(where)16 b Fl(t)-111 4706 y Fk(i)-67 4694 y Fm(is)g(de\256ned)g(as)g(the)g(time)g(when)h (phase)f Fl(i)g Fm(terminates.)26 b(Further)n(-)-360 4793 y(more,)18 b(the)e(length)h(of)g(phase)g Fl(i)g Fm(is)g(represented)f(by)h Fl(t)1131 4805 y Fk(i)p Fg(\000)p Ff(1)p Fk(;i)1286 4793 y Fh(\(=)23 b Fl(t)1436 4805 y Fk(i)1472 4793 y Fi(\000)8 b Fl(t)1575 4805 y Fk(i)p Fg(\000)p Ff(1)1687 4793 y Fh(\))p Fm(.)-277 4897 y(W)-7 b(e)39 b(note)f(here)g(that)g(a)g(more)h(strict)f(treatment)g(is)g (required)g(for)-360 4997 y(representing)31 b(system)g(behaviors)g (dependent)g(on)g(system)g(paramet-)-360 5097 y(ers)g(as)g(will)g(be)g (presented)g(in)g(the)g(next)g(subsection.)58 b(For)31 b(a)g(mean-)-360 5196 y(while,)19 b(however)l(,)g(we)f(assume)g(that)g (the)g(system)g(behaves)g(as)f(in)h(Fig.)g(2.)-360 5296 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)-170 5308 y Fk(i)-142 5296 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))21 b(\(1)i Fi(\024)g Fl(i)g Fi(\024)g Fh(4\))e Fm(can)g(be)f(determined)h(as)g(follows.)-360 5400 y Fi(\017)55 b Fm(Phase)21 b(1:)28 b Fl(AC)6 b(R)234 5412 y Ff(1)271 5400 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))2078 1695 y @beginspecial -69 @llx 64 @lly 599 @urx 722 @ury 2430 @rwi @setspecial /arrowhead { 0 begin transform originalCTM itransform /taily exch def /tailx exch def transform originalCTM itransform /tipy exch def /tipx exch def /dy tipy taily sub def /dx tipx tailx sub def /angle dx 0 ne dy 0 ne or { dy dx atan } { 90 } ifelse def gsave originalCTM setmatrix tipx tipy translate angle rotate newpath arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div moveto 0 0 lineto arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div neg lineto patternNone not { originalCTM setmatrix /padtip arrowHeight 2 exp 0.25 arrowWidth 2 exp mul add sqrt brushWidth mul arrowWidth div def /padtail brushWidth 2 div def tipx tipy translate angle rotate padtip 0 translate arrowHeight padtip add padtail add arrowHeight div dup scale arrowheadpath ifill } if brushNone not { originalCTM setmatrix tipx tipy translate angle rotate arrowheadpath istroke } if grestore end } dup 0 9 dict put def /arrowheadpath { newpath arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div moveto 0 0 lineto arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div neg lineto } def /leftarrow { 0 begin y exch get /taily exch def x exch get /tailx exch def y exch get /tipy exch def x exch get /tipx exch def brushLeftArrow { tipx tipy tailx taily arrowhead } if end } dup 0 4 dict put def /rightarrow { 0 begin y exch get /tipy exch def x exch get /tipx exch def y exch get /taily exch def x exch get /tailx exch def brushRightArrow { tipx tipy tailx taily arrowhead } if end } dup 0 4 dict put def /arrowHeight 8 def /arrowWidth 4 def /IdrawDict 55 dict def IdrawDict begin /reencodeISO { dup dup findfont dup length dict begin { 1 index /FID ne { def }{ pop pop } ifelse } forall /Encoding ISOLatin1Encoding def currentdict end definefont } def /ISOLatin1Encoding [ /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent/ampersand/quoteright /parenleft/parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/minus/period/slash /zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon/semicolon /less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N /O/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright /asciicircum/underscore/quoteleft/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m /n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/braceleft/bar/braceright/asciitilde /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/dotlessi/grave/acute/circumflex/tilde/macron/breve /dotaccent/dieresis/.notdef/ring/cedilla/.notdef/hungarumlaut /ogonek/caron/space/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar /section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guillemotleft/logicalnot /hyphen/registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior /acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine /guillemotright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters/questiondown /Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla /Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex /Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis /multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute /Thorn/germandbls/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis /aring/ae/ccedilla/egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave /iacute/icircumflex/idieresis/eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex /otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis /yacute/thorn/ydieresis ] def /Helvetica reencodeISO def /Helvetica-Oblique reencodeISO def /Helvetica-BoldOblique reencodeISO def /Helvetica-BOblique reencodeISO def /Symbol dup findfont def /none null def /numGraphicParameters 17 def /stringLimit 65535 def /Begin { save numGraphicParameters dict begin } def /End { end restore } def /SetB { dup type /nulltype eq { pop false /brushRightArrow idef false /brushLeftArrow idef true /brushNone idef } { /brushDashOffset idef /brushDashArray idef 0 ne /brushRightArrow idef 0 ne /brushLeftArrow idef /brushWidth idef false /brushNone idef } ifelse } def /SetCFg { /fgblue idef /fggreen idef /fgred idef } def /SetCBg { /bgblue idef /bggreen idef /bgred idef } def /SetF { /printSize idef /printFont idef } def /SetP { dup type /nulltype eq { pop true /patternNone idef } { dup -1 eq { /patternGrayLevel idef /patternString idef } { /patternGrayLevel idef } ifelse false /patternNone idef } ifelse } def /BSpl { 0 begin storexyn newpath n 1 gt { 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 true subspline n 2 gt { 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 false subspline 1 1 n 3 sub { /i exch def i 1 sub dup i dup i 1 add dup i 2 add dup false subspline } for n 3 sub dup n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup 2 copy false subspline } if n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup 2 copy 2 copy false subspline patternNone not brushLeftArrow not brushRightArrow not and and { ifill } if brushNone not { istroke } if 0 0 1 1 leftarrow n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup rightarrow } if end } dup 0 4 dict put def /Circ { newpath 0 360 arc patternNone not { ifill } if brushNone not { istroke } if } def /CBSpl { 0 begin dup 2 gt { storexyn newpath n 1 sub dup 0 0 1 1 2 2 true subspline 1 1 n 3 sub { /i exch def i 1 sub dup i dup i 1 add dup i 2 add dup false subspline } for n 3 sub dup n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup 0 0 false subspline n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup 0 0 1 1 false subspline patternNone not { ifill } if brushNone not { istroke } if } { Poly } ifelse end } dup 0 4 dict put def /Elli { 0 begin newpath 4 2 roll translate scale 0 0 1 0 360 arc patternNone not { ifill } if brushNone not { istroke } if end } dup 0 1 dict put def /Line { 0 begin 2 storexyn newpath x 0 get y 0 get moveto x 1 get y 1 get lineto brushNone not { istroke } if 0 0 1 1 leftarrow 0 0 1 1 rightarrow end } dup 0 4 dict put def /MLine { 0 begin storexyn newpath n 1 gt { x 0 get y 0 get moveto 1 1 n 1 sub { /i exch def x i get y i get lineto } for patternNone not brushLeftArrow not brushRightArrow not and and { ifill } if brushNone not { istroke } if 0 0 1 1 leftarrow n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup rightarrow } if end } dup 0 4 dict put def /Poly { 3 1 roll newpath moveto -1 add { lineto } repeat closepath patternNone not { ifill } if brushNone not { istroke } if } def /Rect { 0 begin /t exch def /r exch def /b exch def /l exch def newpath l b moveto l t lineto r t lineto r b lineto closepath patternNone not { ifill } if brushNone not { istroke } if end } dup 0 4 dict put def /Text { ishow } def /idef { dup where { pop pop pop } { exch def } ifelse } def /ifill { 0 begin gsave patternGrayLevel -1 ne { fgred bgred fgred sub patternGrayLevel mul add fggreen bggreen fggreen sub patternGrayLevel mul add fgblue bgblue fgblue sub patternGrayLevel mul add setrgbcolor eofill } { eoclip originalCTM setmatrix pathbbox /t exch def /r exch def /b exch def /l exch def /w r l sub ceiling cvi def /h t b sub ceiling cvi def /imageByteWidth w 8 div ceiling cvi def /imageHeight h def bgred bggreen bgblue setrgbcolor eofill fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor w 0 gt h 0 gt and { l w add b translate w neg h scale w h true [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] { patternproc } imagemask } if } ifelse grestore end } dup 0 8 dict put def /istroke { gsave brushDashOffset -1 eq { [] 0 setdash 1 setgray } { brushDashArray brushDashOffset setdash fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor } ifelse brushWidth setlinewidth originalCTM setmatrix stroke grestore } def /ishow { 0 begin gsave fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor /fontDict printFont printSize scalefont dup setfont def /descender fontDict begin 0 [FontBBox] 1 get FontMatrix end transform exch pop def /vertoffset 1 printSize sub descender sub def { 0 vertoffset moveto show /vertoffset vertoffset printSize sub def } forall grestore end } dup 0 3 dict put def /patternproc { 0 begin /patternByteLength patternString length def /patternHeight patternByteLength 8 mul sqrt cvi def /patternWidth patternHeight def /patternByteWidth patternWidth 8 idiv def /imageByteMaxLength imageByteWidth imageHeight mul stringLimit patternByteWidth sub min def /imageMaxHeight imageByteMaxLength imageByteWidth idiv patternHeight idiv patternHeight mul patternHeight max def /imageHeight imageHeight imageMaxHeight sub store /imageString imageByteWidth imageMaxHeight mul patternByteWidth add string def 0 1 imageMaxHeight 1 sub { /y exch def /patternRow y patternByteWidth mul patternByteLength mod def /patternRowString patternString patternRow patternByteWidth getinterval def /imageRow y imageByteWidth mul def 0 patternByteWidth imageByteWidth 1 sub { /x exch def imageString imageRow x add patternRowString putinterval } for } for imageString end } dup 0 12 dict put def /min { dup 3 2 roll dup 4 3 roll lt { exch } if pop } def /max { dup 3 2 roll dup 4 3 roll gt { exch } if pop } def /midpoint { 0 begin /y1 exch def /x1 exch def /y0 exch def /x0 exch def x0 x1 add 2 div y0 y1 add 2 div end } dup 0 4 dict put def /thirdpoint { 0 begin /y1 exch def /x1 exch def /y0 exch def /x0 exch def x0 2 mul x1 add 3 div y0 2 mul y1 add 3 div end } dup 0 4 dict put def /subspline { 0 begin /movetoNeeded exch def y exch get /y3 exch def x exch get /x3 exch def y exch get /y2 exch def x exch get /x2 exch def y exch get /y1 exch def x exch get /x1 exch def y exch get /y0 exch def x exch get /x0 exch def x1 y1 x2 y2 thirdpoint /p1y exch def /p1x exch def x2 y2 x1 y1 thirdpoint /p2y exch def /p2x exch def x1 y1 x0 y0 thirdpoint p1x p1y midpoint /p0y exch def /p0x exch def x2 y2 x3 y3 thirdpoint p2x p2y midpoint /p3y exch def /p3x exch def movetoNeeded { p0x p0y moveto } if p1x p1y p2x p2y p3x p3y curveto end } dup 0 17 dict put def /storexyn { /n exch def /y n array def /x n array def n 1 sub -1 0 { /i exch def y i 3 2 roll put x i 3 2 roll put } for } def /SSten { fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor dup true exch 1 0 0 -1 0 6 -1 roll matrix astore } def /FSten { dup 3 -1 roll dup 4 1 roll exch newpath 0 0 moveto dup 0 exch lineto exch dup 3 1 roll exch lineto 0 lineto closepath bgred bggreen bgblue setrgbcolor eofill SSten } def /Rast { exch dup 3 1 roll 1 0 0 -1 0 6 -1 roll matrix astore } def %I Idraw 10 Grid 10 10 Begin %I b u %I cfg u %I cbg u %I f u %I p u %I t [ 0.955325 0 0 0.955325 0 0 ] concat /originalCTM matrix currentmatrix def Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1.03322 -0 -0 1 -159.414 105 ] concat %I 165 495 735 495 Line %I 1 End Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -22 105 ] concat %I 3 112 575 72 565 52 545 3 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 1 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -147 38 ] concat %I 237 682 447 682 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 1 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -147 38 ] concat %I 627 682 717 682 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 150 747 ] concat %I [ (ACR1) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 290 747 ] concat %I [ (ACR2) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 380 747 ] concat %I [ (ACR3) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-*-*-*-18-*-*-*-*-*-*-* Helvetica-Oblique 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 500 750 ] concat %I [ (ACR4) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-*-*-*-18-*-*-*-*-*-*-* Helvetica-Oblique 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 100 477 ] concat %I [ (t0) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-*-*-*-18-*-*-*-*-*-*-* Helvetica-Oblique 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 310 477 ] concat %I [ (t1) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-*-*-*-18-*-*-*-*-*-*-* Helvetica-Oblique 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 410 477 ] concat %I [ (t2) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-*-*-*-18-*-*-*-*-*-*-* Helvetica-Oblique 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 490 477 ] concat %I [ (t3) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-*-*-*-18-*-*-*-*-*-*-* Helvetica-Oblique 18 SetF %I t [ 1.375 0 0 0.914934 580 475.554 ] concat %I [ (t4) ] Text End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1.10326 -0 -0 1 -180.969 105 ] concat %I 175 195 725 195 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1.10326 -0 -0 1 -180.969 105 ] concat %I 175 135 725 135 Line %I 1 End Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -185 105 ] concat %I 3 615 55 675 105 705 195 3 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -72 105 ] concat %I 4 592 195 602 215 622 235 642 245 4 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 1 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -147 38 ] concat %I 237 372 447 372 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 1 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -147 38 ] concat %I 627 372 717 372 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 170 437 ] concat %I [ (Q1) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 300 437 ] concat %I [ (Q2) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 380 437 ] concat %I [ (Q3) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 520 437 ] concat %I [ (Q4) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-*-*-*-18-*-*-*-*-*-*-* Helvetica-Oblique 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 130 397 ] concat %I [ (Qmax) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--24-* Helvetica 24 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 -30 413 ] concat %I [ (Q\(t\)) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--24-* Helvetica 24 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 -70 713 ] concat %I [ (ACR\(t\)) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 -30 307 ] concat %I [ (QH) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 -30 247 ] concat %I [ (QL) ] Text End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -22 25 ] concat %I 322 475 322 385 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -22 25 ] concat %I 112 655 112 385 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -22 25 ] concat %I 592 655 592 385 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 3 0 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -22 25 ] concat %I 32 455 642 455 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -22 25 ] concat %I 112 385 112 135 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -22 25 ] concat %I 322 385 322 135 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -22 25 ] concat %I 502 385 502 135 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -22 25 ] concat %I 592 385 592 135 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-o-*--24-* Helvetica-BoldOblique 24 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 610 146 ] concat %I [ (t) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 -70 607 ] concat %I [ (BW/Nvc) ] Text End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -75 -60 ] concat %I 375 710 375 570 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-bold-o-*--14-* Helvetica-BOblique 14 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 340 685 ] concat %I [ (BW) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-o-*--18-* Helvetica-BoldOblique 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 330 696 ] concat %I [ (x) ] Text End Begin %I Pict %I b u %I cfg u %I cbg u %I f u %I p u %I t [ 1 0 0 1 -70 -10 ] concat Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-bold-o-*--14-* Helvetica-BOblique 14 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 330 95 ] concat %I [ (L2) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-o-*--18-* Helvetica-BoldOblique 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 320 110 ] concat %I [ (x) ] Text End End %I eop Begin %I Pict %I b u %I cfg u %I cbg u %I f u %I p u %I t [ 1 0 0 1 -20 0 ] concat Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-symbol-medium-r-*-24-* Symbol 24 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 70 143 ] concat %I [ (t) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-o-*--18-* Helvetica-BoldOblique 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 80 140 ] concat %I [ (xds) ] Text End End %I eop Begin %I Pict %I b u %I cfg u %I cbg u %I f u %I p u %I t [ 1 0 0 1 366 -4.00001 ] concat Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-symbol-medium-r-*-24-* Symbol 24 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 70 143 ] concat %I [ (t) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-o-*--18-* Helvetica-BoldOblique 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 80 140 ] concat %I [ (xds) ] Text End End %I eop Begin %I Pict %I b u %I cfg u %I cbg u %I f u %I p u %I t [ 1 0 0 1 464 -6.00001 ] concat Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-symbol-medium-r-*-24-* Symbol 24 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 70 143 ] concat %I [ (t) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-o-*--18-* Helvetica-BoldOblique 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 80 140 ] concat %I [ (xds) ] Text End End %I eop Begin %I Pict %I b u %I cfg u %I cbg u %I f u %I p u %I t [ 1 0 0 1 258 -32 ] concat Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-symbol-medium-r-*-24-* Symbol 24 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 70 143 ] concat %I [ (t) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-o-*--18-* Helvetica-BoldOblique 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 80 140 ] concat %I [ (xds) ] Text End End %I eop Begin %I Line %I b 13107 2 0 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -283 -64 ] concat %I 803 364 853 474 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 2 0 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -283 -64 ] concat %I 713 224 763 474 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -353 -64 ] concat %I 633 224 683 474 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 2 0 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -283 -64 ] concat %I 533 304 583 474 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -283 -64 ] concat %I 323 364 373 474 Line %I 1 End Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -283 -64 ] concat %I 8 323 364 333 404 403 454 483 404 533 304 543 274 553 254 563 224 8 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 1 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -283 -64 ] concat %I 583 474 613 474 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 1 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -283 -64 ] concat %I 613 474 763 474 Line %I 1 End Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -283 -64 ] concat %I 11 373 744 413 724 443 674 493 604 543 574 593 544 643 614 693 664 733 694 823 734 853 744 11 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 1 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -283 -64 ] concat %I 583 714 693 714 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -283 -64 ] concat %I 693 664 713 224 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 3 0 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -283 -64 ] concat %I 293 224 903 224 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 1 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -240 -80 ] concat %I 280 230 330 230 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 1 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -240 -80 ] concat %I 490 230 540 230 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 1 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -240 -80 ] concat %I 520 220 570 220 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 1 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -240 -80 ] concat %I 670 230 720 230 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 1 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -240 -80 ] concat %I 770 230 810 230 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -240 -80 ] concat %I 650 730 650 680 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 1 1 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -240 -80 ] concat %I 490 190 520 190 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -240 -80 ] concat %I 490 320 490 190 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -240 -80 ] concat %I 520 240 520 190 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -240 -80 ] concat %I 720 720 720 490 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 1 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -240 -80 ] concat %I 540 800 570 800 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 1 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -240 -80 ] concat %I 570 800 720 800 Line %I 1 End Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -240 -80 ] concat %I 3 810 760 840 750 860 730 3 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -240 -80 ] concat %I 3 280 380 270 330 250 300 3 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-o-*--24-* Helvetica-BoldOblique 24 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 618 464 ] concat %I [ (t) ] Text End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -240 -80 ] concat %I 570 590 570 240 Line %I 1 End End %I eop showpage end @endspecial 2091 1877 a Fm(Fig.)21 b(2:)27 b(Pictorial)21 b(V)-5 b(iew)21 b(of)g Fl(AC)6 b(R)p Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))21 b Fm(and)g Fl(Q)p Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))g Fm(in)f(EFCI)h(Switch.)2123 2141 y(At)h(time)g Fl(t)27 b Fh(=)g(0)p Fm(,)22 b(a)g(congestion)g (indication)g(from)g(the)g(switch)g(is)g(re-)2040 2241 y(ceived)g(at)g(the)g(source)f(end)h(system,)g(and)g(Phase)g(1)g (starts)g(with)f(an)h(ini-)2040 2340 y(tial)i(value)h Fl(AC)6 b(R)2565 2352 y Ff(1)2603 2340 y Fh(\(0\))p Fm(.)39 b(During)24 b(this)g(phase,)i(the)e(next)h(cell)f(emission)2040 2440 y(time)h(is)g(determined)h(by)f(an)g(inverse)g(of)h(the)f(current) g Fl(AC)6 b(R)3841 2452 y Ff(1)3878 2440 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))p Fm(,)26 b(and)2040 2540 y(the)h(new)g(cell)g(emission)g(rate)g (is)g(determined)g(by)g(subtracting)g Fl(AD)r(R)2040 2639 y Fm(from)22 b Fl(AC)6 b(R)2414 2651 y Ff(1)2451 2639 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))p Fm(,)22 b(where)h Fl(AD)r(R)g Fm(equals)f(to)g Fl(AC)6 b(R)3544 2651 y Ff(1)3582 2639 y Fh(\(0\))p Fl(=)-5 b(M)9 b(D)s Fm(.)31 b(A)23 b(dif-)2040 2739 y(ferential)e(equation)g(for)f Fl(AC)6 b(R)2952 2751 y Ff(1)2989 2739 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))21 b Fm(is)g(then)f (obtained)h(as)2387 2906 y Fl(dAC)6 b(R)2620 2918 y Ff(1)2658 2906 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))p 2387 2943 366 4 v 2533 3019 a Fl(dt)2786 2962 y Fh(=)23 b Fi(\000)2948 2906 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)3138 2918 y Ff(1)3176 2906 y Fh(\(0\))p 2948 2943 334 4 v 3034 3019 a Fl(M)j(D)3292 2962 y(AC)d(R)3482 2974 y Ff(1)3519 2962 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))p Fl(;)2040 3159 y Fm(which)21 b(gives)2424 3358 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)2614 3370 y Ff(1)2652 3358 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))23 b(=)g Fl(AC)6 b(R)3047 3370 y Ff(1)3085 3358 y Fh(\(0\))p Fl(e)3230 3324 y Fg(\000)3292 3292 y Fe(AC)s(R)3422 3304 y Fd(1)3454 3292 y(\(0\))p 3292 3311 236 4 v 3357 3344 a Fe(M)f(D)3537 3324 y Fk(t)3567 3358 y Fl(:)454 b Fm(\(2\))2040 3533 y(Note)45 b(that)f Fl(M)9 b(C)d(R)45 b Fm(is)g(not)f(considered)h(in)g (the)f(above)h(equation;)2040 3633 y Fl(M)9 b(C)d(R)24 b Fh(=)f(0)e Fm(is)f(assumed)h(in)g(our)g(analysis.)2040 3733 y Fi(\017)55 b Fm(Phase)21 b(2:)28 b Fl(AC)6 b(R)2634 3745 y Ff(2)2671 3733 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))2123 3832 y Fm(In)28 b(this)g(phase,)i(the)e(source)g(end)f(system)h(receives)g (the)g(backward)2040 3932 y(RM)19 b(cells)f(at)h(a)g(constant)g(rate)f (since)h(the)g(switch)g(is)f(fully)h(utilized,)g(that)2040 4031 y(is,)g Fl(Q)p Fh(\()p Fl(t)12 b Fi(\000)h Fl(\034)2388 4043 y Fk(xds)2496 4031 y Fh(\))23 b Fl(>)g Fh(0)p Fm(.)k(By)19 b(letting)f(the)h(interarrival)f(time)h(of)f(the)h(back-)2040 4131 y(ward)i(RM)g(cells)f(be)h Fl(x)p Fm(,)g(we)g(have)2730 4284 y Fh(1)p 2727 4321 48 4 v 2727 4397 a Fl(x)2808 4340 y Fh(=)3006 4284 y Fl(B)t(W)p 2906 4321 358 4 v 2906 4397 a(N)2973 4409 y Fk(V)s(C)3084 4397 y Fl(N)3140 4409 y Fk(RM)3273 4340 y Fl(:)2123 4550 y Fm(Actually)e Fl(AC)6 b(R)19 b Fm(is)g(increased)g(only)g(when)g(the)g(backward)g(RM) g(cell)2040 4649 y(is)h(received,)h(and)f(otherwise)h(decreased)f (continuously)g(like)h(Phase)f(1,)2040 4749 y(however)m(,)c(we)f (consider)f(the)h(values)g(of)g Fl(AC)6 b(R)15 b Fm(at)g(the)g(time)g (when)g Fl(AC)6 b(R)2040 4849 y Fm(is)20 b(increased.)27 b(W)-7 b(e)20 b(then)g(derive)f(an)h(envelope)g(of)g Fl(AC)5 b(R)21 b Fm(in)f(Phase)f(2)h(as)2040 4948 y(follows.)2178 5100 y Fl(dAC)6 b(R)2411 5112 y Ff(2)2449 5100 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))p 2178 5138 366 4 v 2325 5214 a Fl(dt)2637 5157 y Fh(=)83 b Fi(\000)2860 5100 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)3050 5112 y Ff(2)3087 5100 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))3181 5070 y Ff(2)p 2859 5138 360 4 v 2959 5214 a Fl(M)j(D)3247 5157 y Fh(+)3431 5100 y Fl(B)t(W)p 3340 5138 340 4 v 3340 5214 a(M)g(D)16 b(N)3582 5226 y Fk(V)s(C)3689 5157 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)3879 5169 y Ff(2)3917 5157 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))2785 5372 y(+)2864 5316 y Fl(B)t(W)p 2860 5353 165 4 v 2860 5429 a(N)2927 5441 y Fk(V)s(C)3034 5372 y Fl(AI)h(R)p eop 4 3 bop -360 -217 a Fm(By)21 b(solving)g(the)f(above)h(equation)g(for)g Fl(AC)5 b(R)978 -205 y Ff(2)1016 -217 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))p Fm(,)21 b(we)g(obtain)22 13 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)212 25 y Ff(2)250 13 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))23 b(=)465 -43 y Fl(a)509 -31 y Ff(1)546 -43 y Fl(e)585 -73 y Fg(\000)p Fk(a)673 -65 y Fd(1)705 -73 y Fk(t)753 -43 y Fh(+)18 b Fl(a)880 -31 y Ff(2)917 -43 y Fl(r)r(e)995 -73 y Fg(\000)p Fk(a)1083 -65 y Fd(2)1116 -73 y Fk(t)p 465 -6 680 4 v 477 70 a Fl(c)513 82 y Ff(1)551 70 y Fh(\()p Fl(e)622 46 y Fg(\000)p Fk(a)710 54 y Fd(1)742 46 y Fk(t)789 70 y Fh(+)g Fl(r)s(e)951 46 y Fg(\000)p Fk(a)1039 54 y Fd(2)1071 46 y Fk(t)1100 70 y Fh(\))1155 13 y Fl(;)465 b Fm(\(3\))-360 234 y(where)21 b Fl(a)-92 246 y Ff(1)-35 234 y Fm(and)g Fl(a)150 246 y Ff(2)208 234 y Fm(are)g(roots)g(of)f(the)h(equation)246 413 y Fl(a)290 379 y Ff(2)345 413 y Fh(+)d Fl(c)464 425 y Ff(2)501 413 y Fl(a)g Fh(+)h Fl(c)683 425 y Ff(1)720 413 y Fl(c)756 425 y Ff(3)816 413 y Fh(=)k(0)p Fl(;)-360 591 y Fm(and)e Fl(c)-183 603 y Ff(1)-146 591 y Fm(,)g Fl(c)-69 603 y Ff(2)-11 591 y Fm(and)g Fl(c)166 603 y Ff(3)224 591 y Fm(are)g(given)g(by)-282 809 y Fl(c)-246 821 y Ff(1)-186 809 y Fh(=)i Fi(\000)36 753 y Fh(1)p -23 790 161 4 v -23 866 a Fl(M)9 b(D)147 809 y Fh(;)97 b Fl(c)303 821 y Ff(2)363 809 y Fh(=)552 753 y Fl(B)t(W)p 460 790 340 4 v 460 866 a(M)9 b(D)16 b(N)702 878 y Fk(V)s(C)810 809 y Fh(;)97 b Fl(c)966 821 y Ff(3)1026 809 y Fh(=)1123 753 y Fl(B)t(W)26 b(AI)6 b(R)p 1123 790 V 1211 866 a(N)1278 878 y Fk(V)s(C)1473 809 y Fl(:)-360 1028 y Fm(The)21 b(initial)g(transmission)f(rate)h Fl(AC)6 b(R)780 1040 y Ff(2)818 1028 y Fh(\(0\))21 b Fm(determines)g Fl(r)i Fm(in)d(\(3\))h(as)208 1254 y Fl(r)k Fh(=)369 1198 y Fl(a)413 1210 y Ff(1)468 1198 y Fi(\000)18 b Fl(c)588 1210 y Ff(1)639 1198 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)829 1210 y Ff(2)866 1198 y Fh(\(0\))p 369 1235 604 4 v 369 1311 a Fl(c)405 1323 y Ff(1)456 1311 y Fl(AC)g(R)646 1323 y Ff(2)684 1311 y Fh(\(0\))18 b Fi(\000)h Fl(a)935 1323 y Ff(2)982 1254 y Fl(:)-360 1481 y Fi(\017)55 b Fm(Phase)21 b(3:)28 b Fl(AC)6 b(R)234 1493 y Ff(3)271 1481 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))-277 1581 y Fm(Phase)22 b(3)f(continues)h(during)f Fl(\034)616 1593 y Fk(xds)745 1581 y Fm(after)h(the)f(queue)h(length)f (reaches)-360 1681 y(0.)49 b(RM)28 b(cells)f(arrive)h(at)g(the)g (source)g(end)f(system)h(depending)g(on)g(its)-360 1780 y(own)23 b(rate)g Fl(AC)6 b(R)143 1792 y Ff(3)181 1780 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)21 b Fi(\000)g Fl(\034)10 b Fh(\))p Fm(.)34 b(By)22 b(letting)h(the)g(interarrival)g(time)g(of)f(two)-360 1880 y(successive)h(backward)h(RM)f(cells)h(be)f Fl(x)p Fm(,)i(a)e(dif)o(ferential)g(equation)g(for)-360 1979 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)-170 1991 y Ff(3)-132 1979 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))21 b Fm(should)g(satisfy)f(the)h(following)g(equation.)-350 2150 y Fl(dAC)6 b(R)-117 2162 y Ff(3)-79 2150 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))p -350 2187 366 4 v -204 2263 a Fl(dt)49 2206 y Fh(=)-184 2391 y Fl(N)-128 2403 y Fk(RM)9 2391 y Fl(AI)h(R)19 b Fh(+)f Fl(N)336 2403 y Fk(RM)469 2351 y(AC)t(R)621 2359 y Fd(3)653 2351 y Ff(\()p Fk(t)p Ff(\))p 469 2372 262 4 v 537 2420 a Fk(M)6 b(D)758 2391 y Fh(+)18 b Fl(AC)6 b(R)1031 2403 y Ff(3)1069 2391 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))1177 2299 y Fc(\020)1227 2391 y Fh(1)18 b Fi(\000)h Fl(e)1409 2361 y Fg(\000)1471 2329 y Fe(AC)s(R)1601 2341 y Fd(3)1633 2329 y(\()p Fe(t)p Fd(\))p 1471 2348 231 4 v 1533 2381 a Fe(M)5 b(D)1711 2361 y Fk(x)1753 2299 y Fc(\021)p -184 2459 1987 4 v 786 2535 a Fl(x)-360 2678 y Fm(Since)26 b(it)g(is)h(dif)n(\256cult)f(to)h(solve)f(the)g(above)g (equation,)i(we)e(approxim-)-360 2778 y(ately)g(use)h(the)f(following)g (equation)h(by)f(neglecting)g(the)h(second)f(and)-360 2877 y(third)21 b(terms)g(in)f(the)h(numerator)-5 b(.)178 3028 y Fl(dAC)6 b(R)411 3040 y Ff(3)449 3028 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))p 178 3065 366 4 v 324 3141 a Fl(dt)576 3062 y Fi(\030)576 3088 y Fh(=)674 3028 y Fl(N)730 3040 y Fk(RM)867 3028 y Fl(AI)h(R)p 674 3065 363 4 v 831 3141 a(x)-360 3285 y Fm(Recalling)17 b(that)f Fl(AC)6 b(R)17 b Fm(is)g(decreased)g(during)f(not)h(receiving)f(RM)h(cells,)-360 3384 y(the)k(interarrival)g(times)f(of)h(two)g(successive)g(RM)f(cells) h Fl(x)g Fm(satis\256es,)-127 3488 y Fc(Z)-44 3508 y Fk(x)-81 3676 y Ff(0)12 3601 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)202 3613 y Ff(3)240 3601 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)18 b Fi(\000)h Fl(\034)9 b Fh(\))p Fl(e)520 3566 y Fg(\000)582 3534 y Fe(AC)s(R)712 3546 y Fd(3)744 3534 y(\()p Fe(t)p Fb(\000)p Fe(\034)c Fd(\))p 582 3554 309 4 v 684 3586 a Fe(M)g(D)901 3566 y Fk(y)941 3601 y Fl(dy)26 b Fh(=)d Fl(N)1194 3613 y Fk(RM)1318 3601 y Fl(;)-360 3820 y Fm(which)e(leads)g(to)161 4050 y Fl(x)i Fh(=)329 3980 y Fl(M)9 b(D)16 b Fh(log)q(\()753 3948 y Fk(M)6 b(D)p 653 3962 325 4 v 653 4009 a(M)g(D)r Fg(\000)p Fk(N)873 4017 y Fe(RM)988 3980 y Fh(\))p 329 4031 691 4 v 440 4107 a Fl(AC)g(R)630 4119 y Ff(3)668 4107 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)18 b Fi(\000)h Fl(\034)9 b Fh(\))1030 4050 y Fl(:)-360 4277 y Fm(Finally)21 b Fl(AC)6 b(R)86 4289 y Ff(3)124 4277 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))21 b Fm(is)g(solved)f(as) 151 4455 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)341 4467 y Ff(3)379 4455 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))496 4433 y Fi(\030)496 4459 y Fh(=)584 4455 y Fl(AC)g(R)774 4467 y Ff(3)812 4455 y Fh(\(0\))p Fl(e)957 4421 y Fk(\014)s(t)1026 4455 y Fl(;)594 b Fm(\(4\))-360 4634 y(where)21 b Fl(\014)k Fm(is)c(given)f(as)h(a)g(root)g(of)f(the)h (equation)66 4851 y Fl(\014)27 b Fh(=)409 4795 y Fl(N)465 4807 y Fk(RM)602 4795 y Fl(AI)7 b(R)p 238 4832 705 4 v 238 4915 a(M)i(D)30 b Fh(log)q(\()675 4882 y Fk(M)6 b(D)p 576 4896 325 4 v 576 4943 a(M)g(D)r Fg(\000)p Fk(N)796 4951 y Fe(RM)910 4915 y Fh(\))952 4851 y Fl(e)991 4817 y Fg(\000)p Fk(\034)h(\014)1125 4851 y Fl(:)-360 5101 y Fi(\017)55 b Fm(Phase)21 b(4:)28 b Fl(AC)6 b(R)234 5113 y Ff(4)271 5101 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))-277 5201 y Fl(AC)g(R)-87 5213 y Ff(4)-49 5201 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))25 b Fm(is)g(given)g(in)g(the)f(equivalent)h(form)g(to)g Fl(AC)6 b(R)1412 5213 y Ff(2)1450 5201 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))25 b Fm(since)-360 5300 y(the)h(receiving)g(rate)g(of)g(RM)f (cells)h(at)g(the)g(source)g(end)g(system)g(is)g(just)-360 5400 y(same)21 b(as)g(in)f(the)h(case)g(of)g(Phase)f(2.)2040 -217 y Fj(2\))42 b(Evolution)20 b(of)h Fl(AC)6 b(R)q Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))20 b Fj(and)h Fl(Q)p Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))p Fj(:)2040 -117 y Fm(In)41 b(what)g(follows,)46 b(we)41 b(present)g(the)f(evolution)h(of)g Fl(AC)6 b(R)q Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))41 b Fm(and)2040 -18 y Fl(Q)p Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))p Fm(.)g(For)25 b(this)g(purpose,)h(we)f(should)g (determine)g(the)h(initial)f(values)2040 82 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)2230 94 y Fk(i)2258 82 y Fh(\(0\))31 b Fm(and)g(the)g(length)g Fl(t)2947 94 y Fk(i;i)p Ff(+1)3133 82 y Fm(for)g(each)g(phase.)58 b(Given)31 b(initial)2040 182 y(rates)21 b(in)g(Phase)f(1,)h Fl(Q)2666 194 y Ff(1)2703 182 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))g Fm(is)g(obtained)f(as)2062 330 y Fl(Q)2128 342 y Ff(1)2165 330 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))83 b(=)g Fl(Q)2556 342 y Ff(1)2593 330 y Fh(\()p Fl(\034)2661 342 y Fk(xds)2769 330 y Fh(\))2490 512 y(+)2569 399 y Fc(Z)2652 420 y Fk(t)2615 588 y(x)p Ff(=)p Fk(\034)2735 597 y Fe(xds)2834 512 y Fh(\()p Fl(N)2933 524 y Fk(V)s(C)3044 512 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)3234 524 y Ff(1)3272 512 y Fh(\()p Fl(x)18 b Fi(\000)h Fl(\034)3489 524 y Fk(sx)3563 512 y Fh(\))f Fi(\000)h Fl(B)t(W)12 b Fh(\))p Fl(dx:)43 b Fm(\(5\))2040 716 y(The)21 b(length)g(of)f(Phase)h(1)g(\()p Fl(t)2843 728 y Ff(12)2913 716 y Fh(\(=)i Fl(t)3063 728 y Ff(1)3100 716 y Fh(\))p Fm(\))e(is)g(given)f(as)2702 865 y Fl(t)2732 877 y Ff(12)2825 865 y Fh(=)j Fl(x)2960 877 y Fk(L)p Ff(1)3062 865 y Fh(+)18 b Fl(\034)3181 877 y Fk(xds)3289 865 y Fl(;)2040 1013 y Fm(where)j Fl(x)2311 1025 y Fk(L)p Ff(1)2415 1013 y Fm(is)g(obtained)g(by)f(solving)h(the)g (equation)g Fl(Q)3661 1025 y Ff(1)3698 1013 y Fh(\()p Fl(x)3777 1025 y Fk(L)p Ff(1)3861 1013 y Fh(\))i(=)g Fl(Q)4070 1025 y Fk(L)4119 1013 y Fm(.)2040 1113 y(In)e(what)f (follows,)h(we)f(will)h(use)f(a)h(convention)f Fl(x)3494 1125 y Fk(L)p Ff(1)3600 1113 y Fh(=)j Fl(Q)3754 1078 y Fg(\000)p Ff(1)3754 1135 y(1)3843 1113 y Fh(\()p Fl(Q)3941 1125 y Fk(L)3990 1113 y Fh(\))e Fm(for)2040 1213 y(brevity)-5 b(.)2123 1312 y(For)32 b(Phase)g(2)g(and)g(later)g(phases,)j(we)d(need) g(a)g(careful)g(treatment)2040 1412 y(since)23 b(some)h(of)f(phases)g (do)g(not)h(appear)f(dependent)g(on)g(the)h(paramet-)2040 1512 y(ers.)k(First)20 b(let)h(us)g(introduce)g Fl(x)2938 1524 y Fk(L)p Ff(2)3042 1512 y Fm(as)2526 1660 y Fl(x)2573 1672 y Fk(L)p Ff(2)2680 1660 y Fh(=)i Fl(Q)2833 1625 y Fg(\000)p Ff(1)2833 1682 y(2)2922 1660 y Fh(\(0\))18 b Fi(\000)h Fl(Q)3196 1625 y Fg(\000)p Ff(1)3196 1682 y(2)3285 1660 y Fh(\()p Fl(Q)3383 1672 y Fk(L)3432 1660 y Fh(\))p Fl(:)2040 1809 y Fm(In)24 b(other)g(words,)h Fl(x)2623 1821 y Fk(L)p Ff(2)2730 1809 y Fm(is)f(the)g(time)g(for)g (the)g(queue)g(length)g(to)g(reach)f(0)2040 1908 y(after)e(it)g(goes)f (below)h Fl(Q)2742 1920 y Fk(L)2792 1908 y Fm(.)28 b(Furthermore,)2421 2057 y Fl(x)2468 2069 y Fk(B)s(W)2620 2057 y Fh(=)23 b Fl(AC)6 b(R)2898 2021 y Fg(\000)p Ff(1)2897 2079 y(2)2988 2057 y Fh(\()p 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840 1392 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 1392 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (60)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 1739 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 1739 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (80)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 2086 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 2086 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (100)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 2433 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 2433 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (120)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 2780 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 2780 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (140)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 840 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (0)] ] -46.7 Cshow 1652 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 1652 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (5)] ] -46.7 Cshow 2464 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 2464 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (10)] ] -46.7 Cshow 3277 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 3277 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (15)] ] -46.7 Cshow 4089 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 4089 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (20)] ] -46.7 Cshow 840 351 M 3249 0 V 0 2602 V -3249 0 V 840 351 L stroke 140 1652 M currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (Allowd Cell Rate: ACR\(t\))] ] -46.7 Cshow grestore 2464 71 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (Time \(msec\))] ] -46.7 Cshow LT0 1490 2606 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=0.02)] ] -46.7 Rshow 1574 2606 M 252 0 V 840 1103 M 16 -12 V 16 -13 V 17 -12 V 16 -12 V 16 -12 V 16 -11 V 17 -12 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V 17 -11 V 16 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -11 V 17 -10 V 16 -9 V 16 -10 V 16 -9 V 17 -10 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 17 -8 V 16 -9 V 16 -8 V 16 -9 V 17 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -7 V 17 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -7 V 16 40 V 17 65 V 16 65 V 16 65 V 16 65 V 17 14 V 16 -13 V 16 -12 V 16 -12 V 17 -12 V 16 -12 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V 17 -12 V 16 -10 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 17 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -10 V 17 -9 V 16 -10 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 17 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -8 V 16 -9 V 17 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 17 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -7 V 16 -8 V 17 17 V 16 65 V 16 65 V 16 65 V 17 65 V 16 39 V 16 -13 V 16 -12 V 17 -12 V 16 -12 V 16 -12 V 16 -11 V 17 -12 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V 17 -10 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 16 -10 V 17 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -9 V 16 -10 V 17 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 17 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -9 V 16 -8 V 17 -8 V 16 -7 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 17 -7 V 16 -7 V 16 65 V 16 65 V 17 65 V 16 65 V 16 64 V 16 -13 V 17 -12 V 16 -12 V 16 -12 V 16 -12 V 17 -12 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V 17 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 16 -11 V 17 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -9 V 17 -10 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 17 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -8 V 16 -9 V 17 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 17 -8 V 16 -7 V 16 -8 V 16 -7 V 17 42 V 16 65 V 16 65 V 16 65 V 16 65 V 17 11 V 16 -12 V 16 -12 V 16 -13 V 17 -11 V 16 -12 V 16 -12 V 16 -11 V 17 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 17 -10 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 16 -9 V 17 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 17 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 17 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -9 V 17 -7 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -7 V 17 -8 V 16 19 V 16 65 V 16 65 V 17 65 V 16 65 V 16 36 V 16 -12 V 17 -13 V 16 -12 V 16 -12 V 16 -11 V 17 -12 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V LT1 1490 2466 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=0.20)] ] -46.7 Rshow 1574 2466 M 252 0 V 840 1527 M 16 -30 V 16 -30 V 17 -29 V 16 -29 V 16 -27 V 16 -27 V 17 -27 V 16 -25 V 16 -25 V 16 -24 V 17 -24 V 16 -23 V 16 -22 V 16 -22 V 17 -21 V 16 -21 V 16 -20 V 16 -20 V 17 -19 V 16 -18 V 16 -19 V 16 -17 V 17 -17 V 16 -17 V 16 -16 V 16 -16 V 17 -16 V 16 -15 V 16 -14 V 16 -15 V 17 -14 V 16 -13 V 16 -13 V 16 -13 V 17 -13 V 16 -12 V 16 -12 V 16 -11 V 17 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 17 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -9 V 17 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 17 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -7 V 17 -7 V 16 -7 V 16 -7 V 16 -7 V 17 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -6 V 17 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -5 V 16 -6 V 17 49 V 16 64 V 16 63 V 16 65 V 17 65 V 16 65 V 16 65 V 16 65 V 17 65 V 16 64 V 16 63 V 16 63 V 17 61 V 16 60 V 16 59 V 16 33 V 17 -30 V 16 -30 V 16 -29 V 16 -28 V 17 -28 V 16 -26 V 16 -26 V 16 -26 V 17 -25 V 16 -24 V 16 -23 V 16 -23 V 17 -22 V 16 -22 V 16 -21 V 16 -20 V 16 -20 V 17 -20 V 16 -19 V 16 -18 V 16 -18 V 17 -18 V 16 -17 V 16 -16 V 16 -17 V 17 -15 V 16 -16 V 16 -15 V 16 -14 V 17 -14 V 16 -14 V 16 -14 V 16 -13 V 17 -12 V 16 -13 V 16 -12 V 16 -12 V 17 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V 17 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -9 V 17 -10 V 16 -9 V 16 -8 V 16 -9 V 17 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 17 -8 V 16 -7 V 16 -7 V 16 -7 V 17 -7 V 16 -6 V 16 -7 V 16 -6 V 17 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -5 V 17 -6 V 16 -1 V 16 63 V 16 63 V 16 64 V 17 65 V 16 65 V 16 65 V 16 65 V 17 65 V 16 65 V 16 63 V 16 64 V 17 62 V 16 61 V 16 60 V 16 58 V 17 10 V 16 -30 V 16 -30 V 16 -28 V 17 -28 V 16 -28 V 16 -26 V 16 -26 V 17 -25 V 16 -25 V 16 -24 V 16 -23 V 17 -23 V 16 -22 V 16 -21 V 16 -21 V 17 -21 V 16 -20 V 16 -19 V 16 -19 V 17 -18 V 16 -18 V 16 -17 V 16 -17 V 17 -17 V 16 -16 V 16 -15 V 16 -16 V 17 -14 V 16 -15 V 16 -14 V 16 -14 V 17 -13 V 16 -13 V 16 -13 V LT2 1490 2326 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=0.50)] ] -46.7 Rshow 1574 2326 M 252 0 V 840 1892 M 16 -52 V 16 -51 V 17 -49 V 16 -47 V 16 -46 V 16 -44 V 17 -43 V 16 -41 V 16 -40 V 16 -39 V 17 -37 V 16 -36 V 16 -34 V 16 -34 V 17 -32 V 16 -31 V 16 -31 V 16 -29 V 17 -28 V 16 -27 V 16 -26 V 16 -26 V 17 -24 V 16 -24 V 16 -23 V 16 -22 V 17 -21 V 16 -21 V 16 -20 V 16 -19 V 17 -18 V 16 -18 V 16 -18 V 16 -16 V 17 -17 V 16 -15 V 16 -15 V 16 -15 V 17 -14 V 16 -13 V 16 -14 V 16 -12 V 17 -12 V 16 -12 V 16 -12 V 16 -11 V 17 -10 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 16 -9 V 16 -10 V 17 -8 V 16 -9 V 16 -8 V 16 -9 V 17 -7 V 16 -8 V 16 -7 V 16 -7 V 17 -7 V 16 -6 V 16 -7 V 16 -6 V 17 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -5 V 16 -5 V 17 -6 V 16 -4 V 16 -5 V 16 -5 V 17 -4 V 16 -5 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 17 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 31 V 16 61 V 16 62 V 17 63 V 16 64 V 16 65 V 16 64 V 17 66 V 16 65 V 16 65 V 16 64 V 17 65 V 16 63 V 16 63 V 16 61 V 16 61 V 17 59 V 16 57 V 16 56 V 16 55 V 17 53 V 16 51 V 16 49 V 16 47 V 17 45 V 16 -45 V 16 -51 V 16 -49 V 17 -47 V 16 -46 V 16 -45 V 16 -42 V 17 -42 V 16 -40 V 16 -38 V 16 -38 V 17 -36 V 16 -34 V 16 -34 V 16 -32 V 17 -32 V 16 -30 V 16 -29 V 16 -29 V 17 -27 V 16 -26 V 16 -26 V 16 -24 V 17 -24 V 16 -23 V 16 -22 V 16 -21 V 17 -21 V 16 -20 V 16 -19 V 16 -19 V 17 -18 V 16 -17 V 16 -17 V 16 -16 V 17 -16 V 16 -15 V 16 -15 V 16 -14 V 17 -13 V 16 -13 V 16 -13 V 16 -12 V 16 -12 V 17 -12 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 17 -10 V 16 -9 V 16 -10 V 16 -9 V 17 -8 V 16 -9 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 17 -7 V 16 -8 V 16 -7 V 16 -6 V 17 -7 V 16 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -6 V 17 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -5 V 16 -5 V 17 -5 V 16 -5 V 16 -4 V 16 -5 V 17 -4 V 16 -5 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 17 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 25 V 16 61 V 16 62 V 16 63 V 17 64 V 16 64 V 16 65 V LT3 1490 2186 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=1.00)] ] -46.7 Rshow 1574 2186 M 252 0 V -986 37 R 16 -77 V 16 -74 V 17 -71 V 16 -68 V 16 -66 V 16 -62 V 17 -60 V 16 -58 V 16 -55 V 16 -53 V 17 -50 V 16 -49 V 16 -47 V 16 -44 V 17 -43 V 16 -41 V 16 -40 V 16 -37 V 17 -37 V 16 -34 V 16 -34 V 16 -31 V 17 -31 V 16 -29 V 16 -28 V 16 -27 V 17 -26 V 16 -25 V 16 -24 V 16 -22 V 17 -22 V 16 -21 V 16 -20 V 16 -20 V 17 -18 V 16 -18 V 16 -17 V 16 -16 V 17 -15 V 16 -15 V 16 -15 V 16 -13 V 17 -13 V 16 -13 V 16 -12 V 16 -12 V 17 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -9 V 17 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 17 -7 V 16 -8 V 16 -7 V 16 -6 V 17 -7 V 16 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -6 V 17 -5 V 16 -5 V 16 -5 V 16 -5 V 17 -5 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 17 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 17 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 46 V 16 60 V 16 61 V 17 63 V 16 63 V 16 64 V 16 64 V 17 65 V 16 65 V 16 66 V 16 64 V 17 65 V 16 64 V 16 63 V 16 63 V 17 61 V 16 60 V 16 59 V 16 57 V 17 56 V 16 54 V 16 52 V 16 51 V 17 49 V 16 46 V 16 45 V 16 43 V 17 41 V 16 39 V 16 38 V 16 35 V 17 33 V 16 32 V 16 30 V 16 29 V 17 -59 V 16 -75 V 16 -72 V 16 -68 V 17 -66 V 16 -63 V 16 -61 V 16 -58 V 17 -55 V 16 -53 V 16 -52 V 16 -49 V 16 -47 V 17 -45 V 16 -43 V 16 -41 V 16 -40 V 17 -38 V 16 -36 V 16 -35 V 16 -34 V 17 -32 V 16 -31 V 16 -29 V 16 -29 V 17 -27 V 16 -26 V 16 -25 V 16 -24 V 17 -22 V 16 -22 V 16 -22 V 16 -20 V 17 -19 V 16 -19 V 16 -18 V 16 -17 V 17 -16 V 16 -16 V 16 -15 V 16 -14 V 17 -14 V 16 -13 V 16 -13 V 16 -12 V 17 -12 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 17 -10 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 17 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -7 V 17 -7 V 16 -7 V 16 -7 V LT4 1490 2046 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=2.00)] ] -46.7 Rshow 1574 2046 M 252 0 V 840 2458 M 16 -98 V 16 -93 V 17 -89 V 16 -84 V 16 -81 V 16 -77 V 17 -74 V 16 -70 V 16 -66 V 16 -64 V 17 -61 V 16 -58 V 16 -55 V 16 -53 V 17 -50 V 16 -48 V 16 -46 V 16 -43 V 17 -42 V 16 -39 V 16 -38 V 16 -36 V 17 -34 V 16 -33 V 16 -32 V 16 -29 V 17 -29 V 16 -27 V 16 -26 V 16 -24 V 17 -24 V 16 -22 V 16 -22 V 16 -20 V 17 -20 V 16 -18 V 16 -18 V 16 -17 V 17 -16 V 16 -15 V 16 -15 V 16 -14 V 17 -13 V 16 -13 V 16 -12 V 16 -11 V 17 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 16 -9 V 16 -10 V 17 -8 V 16 -9 V 16 -7 V 16 -8 V 17 -7 V 16 -7 V 16 -7 V 16 -6 V 17 -6 V 16 -5 V 16 -6 V 16 -5 V 17 -5 V 16 -5 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 17 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 17 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 17 0 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 16 0 V 17 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 17 0 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 16 0 V 17 0 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 16 0 V 17 0 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 16 0 V 17 0 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 17 0 V 16 0 V 16 0 V 16 0 V 17 0 V 16 -1 V 16 7 V 16 59 V 17 60 V 16 61 V 16 62 V 16 63 V 17 64 V 16 65 V 16 65 V 16 65 V 16 65 V 17 65 V 16 65 V 16 64 V 16 63 V 17 62 V 16 62 V 16 60 V 16 59 V 17 57 V 16 56 V 16 54 V 16 52 V 17 51 V 16 48 V 16 47 V 16 45 V 17 43 V 16 41 V 16 39 V 16 37 V 17 36 V 16 33 V 16 32 V 16 30 V 17 29 V 16 26 V 16 26 V 16 24 V 17 22 V 16 21 V 16 20 V 16 18 V 17 18 V 16 16 V 16 15 V 16 14 V 17 13 V 16 -51 V 16 -95 V 16 -91 V 17 -86 V 16 -82 V 16 -79 V 16 -75 V 17 -71 V 16 -69 V 16 -65 V stroke grestore end showpage @endspecial 2040 2296 a(Fig.)16 b(3:)26 b(Ef)n(fect)19 b(of)f(Propagation)h(Delay)f(on)h Fl(AC)6 b(R)p Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))19 b Fm(in)g(EFCI)f(Switch)2278 2396 y(\()p Fl(N)2373 2408 y Fk(V)s(C)2493 2396 y Fh(=)23 b(10)p Fm(\).)2078 4025 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 266 @urx 201 @ury 2430 @rwi @setspecial /gnudict 50 dict def gnudict begin /Color false def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 5.000 def /vshift -46 def /dl {10 mul} def /hpt 31.5 def /vpt 31.5 def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /MFshow {{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch rmoveto dup 4 get show dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch rmoveto pop} {pop aload pop moveto}ifelse} forall} bind def /MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont 4 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 exch R MFshow } bind def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke gnulinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth } def /AL { stroke gnulinewidth 2 div setlinewidth } def /PL { stroke gnulinewidth setlinewidth } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 dl 2 dl] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0 { PL [] 0 1 0 DL } def /LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def /LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 1 0 0 DL } def /LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def /LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def /LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def /LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def /LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def /P { stroke [] 0 setdash currentlinewidth 2 div sub M 0 currentlinewidth V stroke } def /D { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke P } def /A { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /B { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke P } def /C { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /T { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke P } def /S { 2 copy A C} def /F { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add moveto 0 vpt2 neg rlineto hpt2 0 rlineto 0 vpt2 rlineto hpt2 neg 0 rlineto closepath fill } def /I { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add moveto hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul rlineto hpt 2 mul 0 rlineto hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul rlineto closepath fill } def end gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray /Helvetica findfont 140 scalefont setfont newpath LTa 840 351 M 3249 0 V 840 351 M 0 2602 V LTb 840 351 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 351 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (0)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 785 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 785 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (500)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 1218 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 1218 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (1000)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 1652 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 1652 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (1500)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 2086 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 2086 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (2000)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 2519 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 2519 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (2500)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 2953 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 2953 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (3000)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 840 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (0)] ] -46.7 Cshow 1652 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 1652 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (5)] ] -46.7 Cshow 2464 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 2464 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (10)] ] -46.7 Cshow 3277 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 3277 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (15)] ] -46.7 Cshow 4089 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 4089 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (20)] ] -46.7 Cshow 840 351 M 3249 0 V 0 2602 V -3249 0 V 840 351 L stroke 140 1652 M currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (Queue Length: Q\(t\))] ] -46.7 Cshow grestore 2464 71 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (Time \(msec\))] ] -46.7 Cshow LT0 3606 2750 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=0.02)] ] -46.7 Rshow 3690 2750 M 252 0 V 840 786 M 16 8 V 16 8 V 17 8 V 16 6 V 16 6 V 16 6 V 17 5 V 16 4 V 16 4 V 16 3 V 17 3 V 16 2 V 16 1 V 16 1 V 17 1 V 16 0 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 17 -5 V 16 -5 V 16 -6 V 16 -6 V 17 -6 V 16 -7 V 16 -7 V 16 -7 V 17 -4 V 16 0 V 16 2 V 16 6 V 17 9 V 16 8 V 16 7 V 16 7 V 17 6 V 16 6 V 16 5 V 16 5 V 17 4 V 16 3 V 16 3 V 16 2 V 16 2 V 17 1 V 16 1 V 16 0 V 16 0 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 17 -5 V 16 -4 V 16 -5 V 16 -6 V 17 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -7 V 16 -7 V 17 -7 V 16 -5 V 16 -1 V 16 1 V 17 5 V 16 8 V 16 8 V 16 8 V 17 7 V 16 6 V 16 6 V 16 5 V 17 5 V 16 4 V 16 4 V 16 3 V 17 2 V 16 2 V 16 2 V 16 1 V 17 0 V 16 0 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -5 V 16 -5 V 17 -5 V 16 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -6 V 17 -7 V 16 -8 V 16 -5 V 16 -3 V 17 0 V 16 4 V 32 16 V 17 8 V 16 7 V 16 6 V 16 6 V 17 6 V 16 5 V 16 4 V 16 4 V 17 3 V 16 3 V 16 2 V 16 1 V 17 1 V 16 1 V 16 0 V 16 0 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 17 -4 V 16 -5 V 16 -5 V 16 -6 V 17 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -7 V 16 -7 V 17 -7 V 16 -4 V 16 0 V 16 3 V 16 6 V 17 8 V 16 8 V 16 7 V 16 7 V 17 7 V 16 5 V 16 5 V 16 5 V 17 4 V 16 3 V 16 3 V 16 2 V 17 2 V 16 1 V 16 1 V 16 0 V 17 0 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 17 -3 V 16 -5 V 16 -4 V 16 -5 V 17 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -7 V 17 -7 V 16 -7 V 16 -5 V 16 -1 V 17 1 V 16 5 V 16 8 V 16 9 V 17 7 V 16 7 V 16 7 V 16 5 V 17 6 V 16 4 V 16 4 V LT1 3606 2610 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=0.20)] ] -46.7 Rshow 3690 2610 M 252 0 V 840 824 M 16 30 V 16 28 V 17 27 V 16 26 V 16 24 V 16 22 V 17 22 V 16 20 V 16 18 V 16 18 V 17 16 V 16 15 V 16 14 V 16 13 V 17 12 V 16 11 V 16 9 V 16 9 V 17 8 V 16 6 V 16 6 V 16 5 V 17 4 V 16 3 V 16 3 V 16 1 V 17 1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -5 V 17 -5 V 16 -5 V 16 -6 V 16 -7 V 17 -8 V 16 -7 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 17 -9 V 16 -10 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V 17 -11 V 16 -12 V 16 -13 V 16 -12 V 16 -13 V 17 -14 V 16 -14 V 16 -14 V 16 -15 V 17 -15 V 16 -16 V 16 -16 V 16 -16 V 17 -16 V 16 -17 V 16 -17 V 16 -18 V 17 -18 V 16 -18 V 16 -18 V 16 -19 V 17 -18 V 16 -17 V 16 -13 V 16 -10 V 17 -7 V 16 -3 V 16 -1 V 16 3 V 17 6 V 16 10 V 16 12 V 16 16 V 17 19 V 16 22 V 16 25 V 33 57 V 16 28 V 16 27 V 16 25 V 17 24 V 16 22 V 16 21 V 16 20 V 17 18 V 16 17 V 16 16 V 16 15 V 17 14 V 16 12 V 16 12 V 16 10 V 16 10 V 17 8 V 16 8 V 16 6 V 16 6 V 17 4 V 16 4 V 16 3 V 16 2 V 17 1 V 16 1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 17 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 17 -4 V 16 -5 V 16 -6 V 16 -6 V 17 -7 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 17 -9 V 16 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -11 V 17 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -12 V 16 -13 V 17 -13 V 16 -13 V 16 -14 V 16 -14 V 17 -14 V 16 -15 V 16 -15 V 16 -16 V 17 -16 V 16 -16 V 16 -17 V 16 -17 V 17 -17 V 16 -17 V 16 -18 V 16 -18 V 17 -19 V 16 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gnudict begin /Color false def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 5.000 def /vshift -46 def /dl {10 mul} def /hpt 31.5 def /vpt 31.5 def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /MFshow {{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch rmoveto dup 4 get show dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch rmoveto pop} {pop aload pop moveto}ifelse} forall} bind def /MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont 4 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 exch R MFshow } bind def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke gnulinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth } def /AL { stroke gnulinewidth 2 div setlinewidth } def /PL { stroke gnulinewidth setlinewidth } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 dl 2 dl] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0 { PL [] 0 1 0 DL } def /LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def /LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 1 0 0 DL } def /LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def /LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def /LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def /LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def /LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def /P { stroke [] 0 setdash currentlinewidth 2 div sub M 0 currentlinewidth V stroke } def /D { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke P } def /A { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /B { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke P } def /C { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /T { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke P } def /S { 2 copy A C} def /F { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add moveto 0 vpt2 neg rlineto hpt2 0 rlineto 0 vpt2 rlineto hpt2 neg 0 rlineto closepath fill } def /I { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add moveto hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul rlineto hpt 2 mul 0 rlineto hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul rlineto closepath fill } def end gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray /Helvetica findfont 140 scalefont setfont newpath LTa 840 351 M 3249 0 V 840 351 M 0 2602 V LTb 840 351 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 351 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (0)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 785 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 785 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (20)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 1218 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 1218 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (40)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 1652 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 1652 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (60)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 2086 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 2086 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (80)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 2519 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 2519 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (100)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 2953 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 2953 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (120)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 840 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (0)] ] -46.7 Cshow 1652 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 1652 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (5)] ] -46.7 Cshow 2464 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 2464 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (10)] ] -46.7 Cshow 3277 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 3277 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (15)] ] -46.7 Cshow 4089 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 4089 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (20)] ] -46.7 Cshow 840 351 M 3249 0 V 0 2602 V -3249 0 V 840 351 L stroke 140 1652 M currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (Allowed Cell Rate: ACR\(t\))] ] -46.7 Cshow grestore 2464 71 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (Time \(msec\))] ] -46.7 Cshow LT0 1652 2736 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true (sx)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=0.10)] ] -32.7 Rshow 1736 2736 M 252 0 V 840 1822 M 16 -39 V 16 -37 V 17 -37 V 16 -35 V 16 -35 V 16 -34 V 17 -32 V 16 -32 V 16 -31 V 16 -31 V 17 -29 V 16 -29 V 16 -28 V 16 -27 V 17 -27 V 16 -26 V 16 -25 V 16 -24 V 17 -24 V 16 -23 V 16 -23 V 16 -22 V 17 -21 V 16 -21 V 16 -21 V 16 -20 V 17 -19 V 16 -19 V 16 -18 V 16 -18 V 17 -17 V 16 -17 V 16 -17 V 16 -16 V 17 -15 V 16 -15 V 16 -15 V 16 -15 V 17 -14 V 16 -13 V 16 -14 V 16 -13 V 17 -12 V 16 -13 V 16 -12 V 16 -11 V 17 -12 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 17 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 17 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -8 V 17 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -7 V 16 -8 V 17 -7 V 16 -7 V 16 -7 V 16 -7 V 17 61 V 16 79 V 16 80 V 16 81 V 17 81 V 16 81 V 16 82 V 16 81 V 17 81 V 16 80 V 16 79 V 16 78 V 17 77 V 16 75 V 16 74 V 16 41 V 17 -38 V 16 -37 V 16 -36 V 16 -35 V 17 -35 V 16 -33 V 16 -33 V 16 -32 V 17 -30 V 16 -31 V 16 -29 V 16 -28 V 17 -28 V 16 -27 V 16 -27 V 16 -25 V 16 -25 V 17 -25 V 16 -23 V 16 -23 V 16 -23 V 17 -22 V 16 -21 V 16 -21 V 16 -20 V 17 -20 V 16 -19 V 16 -18 V 16 -19 V 17 -17 V 16 -18 V 16 -16 V 16 -17 V 17 -16 V 16 -15 V 16 -15 V 16 -15 V 17 -14 V 16 -14 V 16 -14 V 16 -13 V 17 -13 V 16 -13 V 16 -12 V 16 -12 V 17 -11 V 16 -12 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 17 -11 V 16 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -9 V 17 -10 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -8 V 17 -9 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 17 -7 V 16 -8 V 16 -7 V 16 -7 V 17 -7 V 16 -1 V 16 78 V 16 79 V 16 81 V 17 80 V 16 82 V 16 81 V 16 81 V 17 81 V 16 81 V 16 80 V 16 79 V 17 77 V 16 77 V 16 75 V 16 73 V 17 12 V 16 -38 V 16 -37 V 16 -36 V 17 -35 V 16 -34 V 16 -33 V 16 -32 V 17 -32 V 16 -30 V 16 -30 V 16 -29 V 17 -29 V 16 -27 V 16 -27 V 16 -26 V 17 -26 V 16 -25 V 16 -24 V 16 -23 V 17 -23 V 16 -23 V 16 -21 V 16 -22 V 17 -20 V 16 -20 V 16 -20 V 16 -19 V 17 -18 V 16 -18 V 16 -18 V 16 -17 V 17 -17 V 16 -16 V 16 -16 V LT1 1652 2596 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true (sx)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=0.30)] ] -32.7 Rshow 1736 2596 M 252 0 V 840 2385 M 16 -73 V 16 -71 V 17 -68 V 16 -65 V 16 -63 V 16 -61 V 17 -59 V 16 -57 V 16 -54 V 16 -53 V 17 -51 V 16 -49 V 16 -47 V 16 -45 V 17 -44 V 16 -42 V 16 -41 V 16 -39 V 17 -38 V 16 -37 V 16 -35 V 16 -34 V 17 -32 V 16 -32 V 16 -30 V 16 -29 V 17 -29 V 16 -27 V 16 -26 V 16 -25 V 17 -25 V 16 -23 V 16 -23 V 16 -22 V 17 -21 V 16 -20 V 16 -20 V 16 -19 V 17 -18 V 16 -17 V 16 -17 V 16 -17 V 17 -15 V 16 -15 V 16 -15 V 16 -14 V 17 -14 V 16 -13 V 16 -12 V 16 -12 V 16 -12 V 17 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 17 -10 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 17 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 17 -7 V 16 -7 V 16 -7 V 16 -6 V 17 -7 V 16 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -5 V 17 -6 V 16 -5 V 16 -5 V 16 -5 V 17 -4 V 16 -5 V 16 -4 V 16 -5 V 17 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 17 -3 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 7 V 16 75 V 16 77 V 17 78 V 16 79 V 16 80 V 16 80 V 17 82 V 16 81 V 16 81 V 16 82 V 16 80 V 17 80 V 16 79 V 16 78 V 16 77 V 17 75 V 16 73 V 16 72 V 16 69 V 17 68 V 16 65 V 16 63 V 16 61 V 17 58 V 16 56 V 16 54 V 16 32 V 17 -73 V 16 -70 V 16 -68 V 16 -65 V 17 -63 V 16 -60 V 16 -59 V 16 -56 V 17 -54 V 16 -53 V 16 -50 V 16 -49 V 17 -47 V 16 -45 V 16 -44 V 16 -42 V 17 -40 V 16 -39 V 16 -38 V 16 -36 V 17 -35 V 16 -34 V 16 -32 V 16 -32 V 17 -30 V 16 -29 V 16 -28 V 16 -27 V 17 -26 V 16 -25 V 16 -24 V 16 -24 V 17 -22 V 16 -22 V 16 -21 V 16 -20 V 16 -20 V 17 -18 V 16 -19 V 16 -17 V 16 -17 V 17 -16 V 16 -16 V 16 -15 V 16 -14 V 17 -14 V 16 -14 V 16 -13 V 16 -12 V 17 -12 V 16 -12 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V 17 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -10 V 17 -9 V 16 -8 V 16 -9 V 16 -8 V 17 -7 V 16 -8 V 16 -7 V 16 -7 V 17 -7 V 16 -6 V 16 -7 V 16 -6 V 17 -5 V 16 -6 V 16 -5 V 16 -6 V 17 -5 V 16 -4 V 16 -5 V 16 -5 V 17 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 17 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V LT2 1652 2456 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true (sx)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=0.50)] ] -32.7 Rshow 1736 2456 M 252 0 V 840 2691 M 16 -96 V 16 -93 V 17 -89 V 16 -85 V 16 -81 V 16 -79 V 17 -75 V 16 -72 V 16 -69 V 16 -66 V 17 -63 V 16 -61 V 16 -58 V 16 -56 V 17 -54 V 16 -51 V 16 -49 V 16 -47 V 17 -46 V 16 -43 V 16 -41 V 16 -40 V 17 -39 V 16 -36 V 16 -35 V 16 -34 V 17 -32 V 16 -31 V 16 -30 V 16 -28 V 17 -28 V 16 -26 V 16 -25 V 16 -24 V 17 -23 V 16 -22 V 16 -21 V 16 -21 V 17 -19 V 16 -19 V 16 -18 V 16 -17 V 17 -16 V 16 -16 V 16 -15 V 16 -14 V 17 -14 V 16 -14 V 16 -12 V 16 -13 V 16 -11 V 17 -12 V 16 -10 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 17 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -8 V 17 -9 V 16 -7 V 16 -8 V 16 -7 V 17 -6 V 16 -7 V 16 -6 V 16 -6 V 17 -6 V 16 -5 V 16 -6 V 16 -5 V 17 -5 V 16 -4 V 16 -5 V 16 -4 V 17 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 17 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 17 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 57 V 16 75 V 16 77 V 17 78 V 16 79 V 16 80 V 16 80 V 17 81 V 16 82 V 16 81 V 16 81 V 17 81 V 16 80 V 16 79 V 16 78 V 17 77 V 16 75 V 16 73 V 16 72 V 17 70 V 16 67 V 16 66 V 16 63 V 17 61 V 16 58 V 16 56 V 16 54 V 17 51 V 16 49 V 16 47 V 16 44 V 17 42 V 16 40 V 16 37 V 16 36 V 17 -74 V 16 -94 V 16 -89 V 16 -86 V 17 -82 V 16 -79 V 16 -76 V 16 -72 V 17 -69 V 16 -67 V 16 -64 V 16 -61 V 16 -59 V 17 -56 V 16 -54 V 16 -52 V 16 -49 V 17 -48 V 16 -46 V 16 -43 V 16 -42 V 17 -40 V 16 -39 V 16 -37 V 16 -35 V 17 -34 V 16 -33 V 16 -31 V 16 -30 V 17 -28 V 16 -28 V 16 -26 V 16 -25 V 17 -25 V 16 -23 V 16 -22 V 16 -21 V 17 -21 V 16 -20 V 16 -18 V 16 -18 V 17 -18 V 16 -16 V 16 -16 V 16 -15 V 17 -15 V 16 -14 V 16 -13 V 16 -13 V 17 -13 V 16 -11 V 16 -12 V 16 -11 V 17 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -9 V 17 -9 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V LT3 1652 2316 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true (sx)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=0.70)] ] -32.7 Rshow 1736 2316 M 252 0 V 840 2842 M 16 -110 V 16 -104 V 17 -100 V 16 -96 V 16 -91 V 16 -87 V 17 -84 V 16 -80 V 16 -76 V 16 -73 V 17 -70 V 16 -66 V 16 -64 V 16 -61 V 17 -58 V 16 -56 V 16 -53 V 16 -51 V 17 -49 V 16 -47 V 16 -44 V 16 -43 V 17 -41 V 16 -39 V 16 -37 V 16 -35 V 17 -34 V 16 -33 V 16 -31 V 16 -30 V 17 -28 V 16 -27 V 16 -26 V 16 -25 V 17 -24 V 16 -23 V 16 -21 V 16 -21 V 17 -20 V 16 -19 V 16 -18 V 16 -18 V 17 -16 V 16 -16 V 16 -15 V 16 -15 V 17 -14 V 16 -13 V 16 -13 V 16 -12 V 16 -11 V 17 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 16 -10 V 17 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -8 V 16 -9 V 17 -7 V 16 -8 V 16 -7 V 16 -7 V 17 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -6 V 17 -5 V 16 -5 V 16 -5 V 16 -5 V 17 -5 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 17 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 17 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 0 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 17 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 64 V 16 74 V 16 77 V 16 77 V 17 79 V 16 80 V 16 80 V 16 82 V 17 81 V 16 81 V 16 82 V 16 80 V 17 81 V 16 79 V 16 78 V 16 77 V 17 75 V 16 74 V 16 72 V 16 70 V 17 68 V 16 65 V 16 64 V 16 61 V 17 59 V 16 56 V 16 54 V 16 52 V 17 49 V 16 47 V 16 45 V 16 42 V 16 40 V 17 38 V 16 36 V 16 34 V 16 31 V 17 30 V 16 29 V 16 26 V 16 -63 V 17 -106 V 16 -101 V 16 -97 V 16 -93 V 17 -89 V 16 -84 V 16 -81 V 16 -78 V 17 -74 V 16 -71 V 16 -67 V 16 -65 V 17 -62 V 16 -59 V 16 -57 V 16 -54 V 17 -52 V 16 -49 V 16 -47 V 16 -46 V 17 -43 V 16 -41 V 16 -40 V 16 -38 V 17 -36 V 16 -34 V 16 -33 V 16 -32 V 17 -30 V 16 -29 V 16 -27 V 16 -27 V 17 -25 V 16 -24 V 16 -23 V 16 -22 V 17 -21 V 16 -21 V 16 -19 V LT4 1652 2176 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true (sx)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=0.90)] ] -32.7 Rshow 1736 2176 M 252 0 V 840 2941 M 16 -118 V 16 -113 V 17 -107 V 16 -103 V 16 -98 V 16 -93 V 17 -90 V 16 -85 V 16 -81 V 16 -78 V 17 -74 V 16 -70 V 16 -68 V 16 -64 V 17 -62 V 16 -58 V 16 -56 V 16 -54 V 17 -51 V 16 -48 V 16 -47 V 16 -44 V 17 -42 V 16 -41 V 16 -38 V 16 -37 V 17 -35 V 16 -34 V 16 -32 V 16 -30 V 17 -29 V 16 -28 V 16 -27 V 16 -25 V 17 -24 V 16 -23 V 16 -22 V 16 -21 V 17 -20 V 16 -19 V 16 -19 V 16 -17 V 17 -17 V 16 -16 V 16 -15 V 16 -14 V 17 -14 V 16 -13 V 16 -13 V 16 -12 V 16 -11 V 17 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 16 -9 V 17 -9 V 16 -9 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 17 -7 V 16 -8 V 16 -6 V 16 -7 V 17 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -6 V 16 -5 V 17 -6 V 16 -4 V 16 -5 V 16 -5 V 17 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 17 -3 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 17 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 17 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 17 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 17 0 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 16 0 V 17 -1 V 16 0 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 17 0 V 16 0 V 16 0 V 16 68 V 17 75 V 16 76 V 16 78 V 16 79 V 17 80 V 16 80 V 16 81 V 16 82 V 17 81 V 16 81 V 16 81 V 16 80 V 17 79 V 16 79 V 16 77 V 16 75 V 16 74 V 17 72 V 16 70 V 16 68 V 16 65 V 17 64 V 16 61 V 16 59 V 16 56 V 17 54 V 16 52 V 16 49 V 16 47 V 17 45 V 16 42 V 16 40 V 16 38 V 17 36 V 16 34 V 16 32 V 16 30 V 17 28 V 16 27 V 16 25 V 16 23 V 17 22 V 16 20 V 16 20 V 16 -114 V 17 -113 V 16 -108 V 16 -103 V 16 -98 V 17 -93 V 16 -90 V 16 -85 V 16 -82 V 17 -77 V 16 -74 V 16 -71 V 16 -68 V 17 -64 V 16 -62 V 16 -59 V 16 -56 V 17 -53 V 16 -51 V 16 -49 V stroke grestore end showpage @endspecial -360 5180 a(Fig.)16 b(6:)26 b(Ef)n(fect)31 b(of)g(Switch)h(Location)f(on)g Fl(AC)6 b(R)q Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))31 b Fm(in)g(BES)g(Switch)-122 5280 y(\()p Fl(N)-27 5292 y Fk(V)s(C)93 5280 y Fh(=)23 b(10)p Fl(;)14 b(\034)338 5292 y Fk(sx)428 5280 y Fh(+)k Fl(\034)547 5292 y Fk(xd)647 5280 y Fh(=)23 b(1)p Fl(:)p Fh(0)p Fm(\).)2078 1116 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 266 @urx 201 @ury 2430 @rwi @setspecial /gnudict 50 dict def gnudict begin /Color false def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 5.000 def /vshift -46 def /dl {10 mul} def /hpt 31.5 def /vpt 31.5 def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /MFshow {{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch rmoveto dup 4 get show dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch rmoveto pop} {pop aload pop moveto}ifelse} forall} bind def /MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont 4 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 exch R MFshow } bind def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke gnulinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth } def /AL { stroke gnulinewidth 2 div setlinewidth } def /PL { stroke gnulinewidth setlinewidth } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 dl 2 dl] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0 { PL [] 0 1 0 DL } def /LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def /LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 1 0 0 DL } def /LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def /LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def /LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def /LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def /LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def /P { stroke [] 0 setdash currentlinewidth 2 div sub M 0 currentlinewidth V stroke } def /D { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke P } def /A { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /B { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke P } def /C { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /T { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke P } def /S { 2 copy A C} def /F { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add moveto 0 vpt2 neg rlineto hpt2 0 rlineto 0 vpt2 rlineto hpt2 neg 0 rlineto closepath fill } def /I { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add moveto hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul rlineto hpt 2 mul 0 rlineto hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul rlineto closepath fill } def end gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray /Helvetica findfont 140 scalefont setfont newpath LTa 840 351 M 3249 0 V 840 351 M 0 2602 V LTb 840 351 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 351 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (0)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 785 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 785 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (500)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 1218 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 1218 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (1000)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 1652 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 1652 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (1500)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 2086 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 2086 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (2000)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 2519 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 2519 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (2500)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 2953 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 2953 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (3000)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 840 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (0)] ] -46.7 Cshow 1652 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 1652 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (5)] ] -46.7 Cshow 2464 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 2464 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (10)] ] -46.7 Cshow 3277 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 3277 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (15)] ] -46.7 Cshow 4089 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 4089 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (20)] ] -46.7 Cshow 840 351 M 3249 0 V 0 2602 V -3249 0 V 840 351 L stroke 140 1652 M currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (Queue Length: Q\(t\))] ] -46.7 Cshow grestore 2464 71 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (Time \(msec\))] ] -46.7 Cshow LT0 2952 2693 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true (sx)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=0.10)] ] -32.7 Rshow 3036 2693 M 252 0 V 840 810 M 16 29 V 16 29 V 17 28 V 16 26 V 16 25 V 16 23 V 17 22 V 16 21 V 16 19 V 16 18 V 17 17 V 16 16 V 16 15 V 16 13 V 17 12 V 16 11 V 16 11 V 16 9 V 17 8 V 16 7 V 16 6 V 16 6 V 17 4 V 16 4 V 16 3 V 16 1 V 17 2 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 17 -4 V 16 -5 V 16 -6 V 16 -7 V 17 -7 V 16 -7 V 16 -9 V 16 -8 V 17 -10 V 16 -9 V 16 -11 V 16 -10 V 17 -11 V 16 -12 V 16 -12 V 16 -13 V 16 -13 V 17 -13 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16 17 V 16 17 V 17 15 V 16 14 V 16 13 V 16 11 V 17 11 V 16 10 V 16 8 V 16 8 V 17 7 V 16 5 V 16 5 V 16 4 V 17 3 V 16 3 V 16 1 V 16 1 V 17 0 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V LT1 2952 2553 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true (sx)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=0.30)] ] -32.7 Rshow 3036 2553 M 252 0 V 840 912 M 49 148 V 16 51 V 16 48 V 16 46 V 17 43 V 16 40 V 16 37 V 16 36 V 17 33 V 16 30 V 16 29 V 16 27 V 17 24 V 16 23 V 16 21 V 16 19 V 17 17 V 16 15 V 16 14 V 16 13 V 17 11 V 16 10 V 16 8 V 16 7 V 17 5 V 16 4 V 16 4 V 16 2 V 17 0 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -5 V 16 -5 V 16 -5 V 17 -7 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 16 -9 V 17 -9 V 16 -11 V 16 -11 V 16 -12 V 17 -12 V 16 -13 V 16 -13 V 16 -14 V 16 -15 V 17 -15 V 16 -15 V 16 -17 V 16 -16 V 17 -17 V 16 -17 V 16 -18 V 16 -18 V 17 -19 V 16 -19 V 16 -19 V 16 -20 V 17 -20 V 16 -20 V 16 -21 V 16 -21 V 17 -21 V 16 -21 V 16 -22 V 16 -22 V 17 -22 V 16 -23 V 16 -22 V 16 -23 V 17 -23 V 16 -24 V 16 -23 V 16 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LT2 2952 2413 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true (sx)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=0.50)] ] -32.7 Rshow 3036 2413 M 252 0 V 840 1045 M 81 305 V 16 63 V 17 59 V 16 55 V 16 52 V 16 49 V 17 45 V 16 42 V 16 40 V 16 36 V 17 34 V 16 32 V 16 28 V 16 27 V 17 24 V 16 22 V 16 20 V 16 18 V 17 16 V 16 14 V 16 12 V 16 11 V 17 9 V 16 7 V 16 6 V 16 4 V 17 4 V 16 1 V 16 1 V 16 -1 V 17 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 16 -5 V 17 -6 V 16 -7 V 16 -8 V 16 -8 V 17 -10 V 16 -10 V 16 -11 V 16 -12 V 17 -13 V 16 -13 V 16 -14 V 16 -14 V 16 -15 V 17 -16 V 16 -16 V 16 -17 V 16 -17 V 17 -18 V 16 -18 V 16 -19 V 16 -19 V 17 -19 V 16 -20 V 16 -20 V 16 -21 V 17 -21 V 16 -21 V 16 -21 V 16 -22 V 17 -22 V 16 -23 V 16 -22 V 16 -23 V 17 -23 V 16 -24 V 16 -23 V 16 -24 V 17 -24 V 16 -25 V 16 -24 V 16 -25 V 17 -24 V 16 -25 V 16 -25 V 16 -26 V 17 -25 V 16 -26 V 16 -25 V 16 -26 V 17 -26 V 16 -26 V 16 -26 V 16 -27 V 17 -26 V 16 -27 V 16 -26 V 16 -27 V 17 -27 V 16 -26 V 16 -27 V 16 -27 V 16 -27 V 17 -28 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(rate)g(is)g(gradually)g(decreased)g(with)g(parameter)-360 1766 y Fl(E)5 b(RF)12 b Fm(.)28 b(A)20 b(dif)o(ferential)h(equation)f (for)h Fl(AC)6 b(R)966 1778 y Ff(1)1004 1766 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))21 b Fm(can)g(be)f(written)h(as)-188 1903 y Fl(dAC)6 b(R)45 1915 y Ff(1)83 1903 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))p -188 1940 366 4 v -41 2016 a Fl(dt)211 1959 y Fh(=)23 b Fi(\000)374 1903 y Fl(M)9 b(AC)d(R)q Fh(\(1)18 b Fi(\000)h Fl(E)t(R)q(F)11 b Fh(\))p 374 1940 684 4 v 691 2016 a Fl(x)1066 1959 y(AC)6 b(R)1256 1971 y Ff(1)1294 1959 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))p Fl(;)-360 2126 y Fm(where)26 b Fl(x)h Fm(is)f(a)g(\256xed)h(interval)f(between)g(two)h(consecutive)f (RM)g(cells)-360 2225 y(and)21 b(given)g(by)335 2359 y Fh(1)p 332 2396 48 4 v 332 2472 a Fl(x)412 2415 y Fh(=)510 2359 y Fl(B)t(W)r(=)l(N)761 2371 y Fk(V)s(C)p 510 2396 350 4 v 595 2472 a Fl(N)651 2484 y Fk(RM)869 2415 y Fl(:)-360 2594 y Fm(Therefore,)-150 2767 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)40 2779 y Ff(1)77 2767 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))23 b(=)g Fl(AC)6 b(R)473 2779 y Ff(1)510 2767 y Fh(\(0\))p Fl(e)655 2724 y Fg(\000)717 2691 y Fe(N)762 2705 y(V)q(C)856 2691 y(M)f(AC)r(R)11 b Fd(\(1)p Fb(\000)p Fe(E)r(RF)c Fd(\))p 717 2712 586 4 v 882 2744 a Fe(B)r(W)17 b(N)1033 2758 y(RM)1312 2724 y Fk(t)1341 2767 y Fl(:)-360 2912 y(AC)6 b(R)-170 2924 y Ff(2)-132 2912 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))18 b Fm(and)f Fl(AC)6 b(R)307 2924 y Ff(3)345 2912 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))18 b Fm(can)f(be)h(obtained)f(by)h(\(2\))f(and)h(\(3\),)g (respect-)-360 3012 y(ively)-5 b(.)-277 3112 y(T)f(o)20 b(consider)g Fl(Q)p Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))p Fm(,)g(let)f(us)h(introduce) g Fl(t)891 3124 y Fk(D)r(QT)1051 3112 y Fm(,)g Fl(t)1122 3124 y Fk(Q)1174 3132 y Fe(H)1252 3112 y Fm(and)g Fl(x)1438 3124 y Ff(1)1496 3112 y Fm(de\256ned)-360 3211 y(as)252 3356 y Fl(t)282 3368 y Fk(D)r(QT)526 3356 y Fh(=)83 b Fl(Q)739 3320 y Fg(\000)p Ff(1)739 3378 y(3)828 3356 y Fh(\()p Fl(D)r(QT)12 b Fh(\))p Fl(;)303 3480 y(t)333 3492 y Fk(Q)385 3500 y Fe(H)526 3480 y Fh(=)83 b Fl(Q)739 3445 y Fg(\000)p Ff(1)739 3503 y(3)828 3480 y Fh(\()p Fl(Q)926 3492 y Fk(H)989 3480 y Fh(\))p Fl(;)358 3605 y(x)405 3617 y Ff(1)526 3605 y Fh(=)g Fl(t)703 3617 y Fk(D)r(QT)882 3605 y Fi(\000)18 b Fl(t)995 3617 y Fk(Q)1047 3625 y Fe(H)1105 3605 y Fl(;)-360 3750 y Fm(where)26 b Fl(x)-85 3762 y Ff(1)-21 3750 y Fm(is)g(the)f(time)h(duration)f(that) h(queue)f(length)h(reaches)f Fl(D)s(QT)-360 3849 y Fm(since)20 b(it)g(is)f(beyond)h Fl(Q)302 3861 y Fk(H)364 3849 y Fm(.)27 b(Based)20 b(on)g(the)g(relation)g(between)f Fl(x)1476 3861 y Ff(1)1534 3849 y Fm(and)h Fl(\034)9 b Fm(,)-360 3949 y(the)21 b(following)g(three)f(cases)h(should)g(be)g (considered.)-360 4049 y Fi(\017)55 b Fm(Case)21 b(1:)28 b Fl(x)58 4061 y Ff(1)119 4049 y Fl(<)23 b(\034)30 b Fm(\(Fig.)21 b(8\))-277 4148 y(The)26 b(length)g(of)g(Phase)g(1)g(is)g (given)g(by)g Fl(t)925 4160 y Ff(0)p Fk(;)p Ff(1)1056 4148 y Fh(=)41 b Fl(x)1208 4160 y Ff(1)1271 4148 y Fh(+)25 b Fl(\034)1397 4160 y Fk(xds)1505 4148 y Fm(.)43 b(Then)-360 4248 y(initial)21 b(values)g(for)f Fl(AC)6 b(R)395 4260 y Ff(2)433 4248 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))21 b Fm(and)g Fl(Q)755 4260 y Ff(2)792 4248 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))g Fm(in)g(Phase)f(2)h(are)g(derived)g(as)-12 4393 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)178 4405 y Ff(2)216 4393 y Fh(\(0\))83 b(=)g Fl(M)9 b(R)q(F)25 b(AC)6 b(R)975 4405 y Ff(1)1012 4393 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)1074 4405 y Ff(1)1130 4393 y Fi(\000)18 b Fl(\034)1249 4405 y Fk(sx)1323 4393 y Fh(\))p Fl(;)113 4517 y(Q)179 4529 y Ff(2)216 4517 y Fh(\(0\))83 b(=)g Fl(Q)619 4529 y Ff(1)655 4517 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)717 4529 y Ff(1)773 4517 y Fh(+)18 b Fl(\034)892 4529 y Fk(sx)966 4517 y Fh(\))p Fl(:)-360 4662 y Fm(The)25 b(length)g(of)g(Phase)g(2)g(is)f(obtained)h (as)g Fl(t)921 4674 y Ff(1)p Fk(;)p Ff(2)1048 4662 y Fh(=)37 b Fl(x)1196 4674 y Ff(2)1258 4662 y Fh(+)24 b Fl(\034)1382 4674 y Fk(xds)1490 4662 y Fm(,)i(where)-360 4762 y Fl(x)-313 4774 y Ff(2)-241 4762 y Fh(=)34 b Fl(Q)-76 4726 y Fg(\000)p Ff(1)-76 4784 y(2)12 4762 y Fh(\()p Fl(Q)110 4774 y Fk(L)160 4762 y Fh(\))p Fm(.)k(In)24 b(the)g(same)g(way)-6 b(,)25 b(initial)f(values)h(for)f Fl(AC)6 b(R)1608 4774 y Ff(3)1645 4762 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))-360 4861 y Fm(and)21 b Fl(Q)-153 4873 y Ff(3)-116 4861 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))g Fm(and)g(the)f(length)h(of)g(Phase)g(3)f (are)h(obtained)g(as)166 5006 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)356 5018 y Ff(3)394 5006 y Fh(\(0\))83 b(=)g Fl(AC)6 b(R)921 5018 y Ff(2)959 5006 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)1021 5018 y Ff(2)1058 5006 y Fh(\))p Fl(;)291 5131 y(Q)357 5143 y Ff(3)394 5131 y Fh(\(0\))83 b(=)g Fl(Q)797 5143 y Ff(2)834 5131 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)896 5143 y Ff(2)952 5131 y Fh(+)18 b Fl(\034)1071 5143 y Fk(sx)1144 5131 y Fh(\))p Fl(;)380 5255 y(t)410 5267 y Ff(2)p Fk(;)p Ff(3)583 5255 y Fh(=)83 b Fl(x)778 5267 y Ff(3)834 5255 y Fh(+)18 b Fl(\034)5 b(;)-360 5400 y Fm(where)21 b Fl(x)-89 5412 y Ff(3)-29 5400 y Fh(=)i Fl(Q)125 5364 y Fg(\000)p Ff(1)125 5422 y(3)214 5400 y Fh(\()p Fl(Q)312 5412 y Fk(H)375 5400 y Fh(\))p Fm(.)2078 1716 y @beginspecial -69 @llx 106 @lly 594 @urx 766 @ury 2430 @rwi @setspecial /arrowhead { 0 begin transform originalCTM itransform /taily exch def /tailx exch def transform originalCTM itransform /tipy exch def /tipx exch def /dy tipy taily sub def /dx tipx tailx sub def /angle dx 0 ne dy 0 ne or { dy dx atan } { 90 } ifelse def gsave originalCTM setmatrix tipx tipy translate angle rotate newpath arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div moveto 0 0 lineto arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div neg lineto patternNone not { originalCTM setmatrix /padtip arrowHeight 2 exp 0.25 arrowWidth 2 exp mul add sqrt brushWidth mul arrowWidth div def /padtail brushWidth 2 div def tipx tipy translate angle rotate padtip 0 translate arrowHeight padtip add padtail add arrowHeight div dup scale arrowheadpath ifill } if brushNone not { originalCTM setmatrix tipx tipy translate angle rotate arrowheadpath istroke } if grestore end } dup 0 9 dict put def /arrowheadpath { newpath arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div moveto 0 0 lineto arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div neg lineto } def /leftarrow { 0 begin y exch get /taily exch def x exch get /tailx exch def y exch get /tipy exch def x exch get /tipx exch def brushLeftArrow { tipx tipy tailx taily arrowhead } if end } dup 0 4 dict put def /rightarrow { 0 begin y exch get /tipy exch def x exch get /tipx exch def y exch get /taily exch def x exch get /tailx exch def brushRightArrow { tipx tipy tailx taily arrowhead } if end } dup 0 4 dict put def /arrowHeight 8 def /arrowWidth 4 def /IdrawDict 54 dict def IdrawDict begin /reencodeISO { dup dup findfont dup length dict begin { 1 index /FID ne { def }{ pop pop } ifelse } forall /Encoding ISOLatin1Encoding def currentdict end definefont } def /ISOLatin1Encoding [ /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent/ampersand/quoteright /parenleft/parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/minus/period/slash /zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon/semicolon /less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N /O/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright /asciicircum/underscore/quoteleft/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m /n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/braceleft/bar/braceright/asciitilde /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/dotlessi/grave/acute/circumflex/tilde/macron/breve /dotaccent/dieresis/.notdef/ring/cedilla/.notdef/hungarumlaut /ogonek/caron/space/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar /section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guillemotleft/logicalnot /hyphen/registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior /acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine /guillemotright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters/questiondown /Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla /Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex /Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis /multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute /Thorn/germandbls/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis /aring/ae/ccedilla/egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave /iacute/icircumflex/idieresis/eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex /otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis /yacute/thorn/ydieresis ] def /Helvetica reencodeISO def /Helvetica-Bold reencodeISO def /Symbol dup findfont def /Helvetica-BoldOblique reencodeISO def /none null def /numGraphicParameters 17 def /stringLimit 65535 def /Begin { save numGraphicParameters dict begin } def /End { end restore } def /SetB { dup type /nulltype eq { pop false /brushRightArrow idef false /brushLeftArrow idef true /brushNone idef } { /brushDashOffset idef /brushDashArray idef 0 ne /brushRightArrow idef 0 ne /brushLeftArrow idef /brushWidth idef false /brushNone idef } ifelse } def /SetCFg { /fgblue idef /fggreen idef /fgred idef } def /SetCBg { /bgblue idef /bggreen idef /bgred idef } def /SetF { /printSize idef /printFont idef } def /SetP { dup type /nulltype eq { pop true /patternNone idef } { dup -1 eq { /patternGrayLevel idef /patternString idef } { /patternGrayLevel idef } ifelse false /patternNone idef } ifelse } def /BSpl { 0 begin storexyn newpath n 1 gt { 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 true subspline n 2 gt { 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 false subspline 1 1 n 3 sub { /i exch def i 1 sub dup i dup i 1 add dup i 2 add dup false subspline } for n 3 sub dup n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup 2 copy false subspline } if n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup 2 copy 2 copy false subspline patternNone not brushLeftArrow not brushRightArrow not and and { ifill } if brushNone not { istroke } if 0 0 1 1 leftarrow n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup rightarrow } if end } dup 0 4 dict put def /Circ { newpath 0 360 arc patternNone not { ifill } if brushNone not { istroke } if } def /CBSpl { 0 begin dup 2 gt { storexyn newpath n 1 sub dup 0 0 1 1 2 2 true subspline 1 1 n 3 sub { /i exch def i 1 sub dup i dup i 1 add dup i 2 add dup false subspline } for n 3 sub dup n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup 0 0 false subspline n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup 0 0 1 1 false subspline patternNone not { ifill } if brushNone not { istroke } if } { Poly } ifelse end } dup 0 4 dict put def /Elli { 0 begin newpath 4 2 roll translate scale 0 0 1 0 360 arc patternNone not { ifill } if brushNone not { istroke } if end } dup 0 1 dict put def /Line { 0 begin 2 storexyn newpath x 0 get y 0 get moveto x 1 get y 1 get lineto brushNone not { istroke } if 0 0 1 1 leftarrow 0 0 1 1 rightarrow end } dup 0 4 dict put def /MLine { 0 begin storexyn newpath n 1 gt { x 0 get y 0 get moveto 1 1 n 1 sub { /i exch def x i get y i get lineto } for patternNone not brushLeftArrow not brushRightArrow not and and { ifill } if brushNone not { istroke } if 0 0 1 1 leftarrow n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup rightarrow } if end } dup 0 4 dict put def /Poly { 3 1 roll newpath moveto -1 add { lineto } repeat closepath patternNone not { ifill } if brushNone not { istroke } if } def /Rect { 0 begin /t exch def /r exch def /b exch def /l exch def newpath l b moveto l t lineto r t lineto r b lineto closepath patternNone not { ifill } if brushNone not { istroke } if end } dup 0 4 dict put def /Text { ishow } def /idef { dup where { pop pop pop } { exch def } ifelse } def /ifill { 0 begin gsave patternGrayLevel -1 ne { fgred bgred fgred sub patternGrayLevel mul add fggreen bggreen fggreen sub patternGrayLevel mul add fgblue bgblue fgblue sub patternGrayLevel mul add setrgbcolor eofill } { eoclip originalCTM setmatrix pathbbox /t exch def /r exch def /b exch def /l exch def /w r l sub ceiling cvi def /h t b sub ceiling cvi def /imageByteWidth w 8 div ceiling cvi def /imageHeight h def bgred bggreen bgblue setrgbcolor eofill fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor w 0 gt h 0 gt and { l w add b translate w neg h scale w h true [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] { patternproc } imagemask } if } ifelse grestore end } dup 0 8 dict put def /istroke { gsave brushDashOffset -1 eq { [] 0 setdash 1 setgray } { brushDashArray brushDashOffset setdash fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor } ifelse brushWidth setlinewidth originalCTM setmatrix stroke grestore } def /ishow { 0 begin gsave fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor /fontDict printFont printSize scalefont dup setfont def /descender fontDict begin 0 [FontBBox] 1 get FontMatrix end transform exch pop def /vertoffset 1 printSize sub descender sub def { 0 vertoffset moveto show /vertoffset vertoffset printSize sub def } forall grestore end } dup 0 3 dict put def /patternproc { 0 begin /patternByteLength patternString length def /patternHeight patternByteLength 8 mul sqrt cvi def /patternWidth patternHeight def /patternByteWidth patternWidth 8 idiv def /imageByteMaxLength imageByteWidth imageHeight mul stringLimit patternByteWidth sub min def /imageMaxHeight imageByteMaxLength imageByteWidth idiv patternHeight idiv patternHeight mul patternHeight max def /imageHeight imageHeight imageMaxHeight sub store /imageString imageByteWidth imageMaxHeight mul patternByteWidth add string def 0 1 imageMaxHeight 1 sub { /y exch def /patternRow y patternByteWidth mul patternByteLength mod def /patternRowString patternString patternRow patternByteWidth getinterval def /imageRow y imageByteWidth mul def 0 patternByteWidth imageByteWidth 1 sub { /x exch def imageString imageRow x add patternRowString putinterval } for } for imageString end } dup 0 12 dict put def /min { dup 3 2 roll dup 4 3 roll lt { exch } if pop } def /max { dup 3 2 roll dup 4 3 roll gt { exch } if pop } def /midpoint { 0 begin /y1 exch def /x1 exch def /y0 exch def /x0 exch def x0 x1 add 2 div y0 y1 add 2 div end } dup 0 4 dict put def /thirdpoint { 0 begin /y1 exch def /x1 exch def /y0 exch def /x0 exch def x0 2 mul x1 add 3 div y0 2 mul y1 add 3 div end } dup 0 4 dict put def /subspline { 0 begin /movetoNeeded exch def y exch get /y3 exch def x exch get /x3 exch def y exch get /y2 exch def x exch get /x2 exch def y exch get /y1 exch def x exch get /x1 exch def y exch get /y0 exch def x exch get /x0 exch def x1 y1 x2 y2 thirdpoint /p1y exch def /p1x exch def x2 y2 x1 y1 thirdpoint /p2y exch def /p2x exch def x1 y1 x0 y0 thirdpoint p1x p1y midpoint /p0y exch def /p0x exch def x2 y2 x3 y3 thirdpoint p2x p2y midpoint /p3y exch def /p3x exch def movetoNeeded { p0x p0y moveto } if p1x p1y p2x p2y p3x p3y curveto end } dup 0 17 dict put def /storexyn { /n exch def /y n array def /x n array def n 1 sub -1 0 { /i exch def y i 3 2 roll put x i 3 2 roll put } for } def /SSten { fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor dup true exch 1 0 0 -1 0 6 -1 roll matrix astore } def /FSten { dup 3 -1 roll dup 4 1 roll exch newpath 0 0 moveto dup 0 exch lineto exch dup 3 1 roll exch lineto 0 lineto closepath bgred bggreen bgblue setrgbcolor eofill SSten } def /Rast { exch dup 3 1 roll 1 0 0 -1 0 6 -1 roll matrix astore } def %I Idraw 10 Grid 10 10 Begin %I b u %I cfg u %I cbg u %I f u %I p u %I t [ 0.955325 0 0 0.955325 0 0 ] concat /originalCTM matrix currentmatrix def Begin %I Line %I b 65535 3 0 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1.08142 -0 -0 0.421875 -166.281 321.047 ] concat %I 165 375 725 375 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1.03322 -0 -0 1 -159.414 105 ] concat %I 165 495 735 495 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 3 0 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1.10305 -0 -0 0.28125 -180.867 143.531 ] concat %I 175 55 725 55 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1.10326 -0 -0 1 -180.969 105 ] concat %I 175 195 725 195 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1.10326 -0 -0 1 -180.969 105 ] concat %I 175 135 725 135 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--24-* Helvetica 24 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 -60 443 ] concat %I [ (Q\(t\)) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--24-* Helvetica 24 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 -70 723 ] concat %I [ (ACR\(t\)) ] Text End Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 1 388 704 1 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 3 78 684 118 704 158 714 3 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 1 228 674 1 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 4 158 714 178 684 208 664 238 654 4 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 1 38 594 1 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1.01495 -0 -0 0.5 -68.1362 168 ] concat %I 78 364 678 364 Line %I 1 End Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 5 388 514 410 579 459 641 519 693 618 714 5 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 158 774 158 174 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 388 514 388 174 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 618 714 618 174 Line %I 1 End Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 13 108 294 178 344 218 364 268 384 298 364 348 304 358 264 398 214 438 194 478 194 528 224 598 314 658 354 13 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I Pict %I b u %I cfg u %I cbg u %I f u %I p u %I t u Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 1 298 764 1 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I Pict %I b u %I cfg u %I cbg u %I f u %I p u %I t [ 1 0 0 1 0 -40 ] concat Begin %I Line %I b 13107 2 1 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 158 794 238 794 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 2 1 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 238 794 388 794 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 2 1 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 388 794 618 794 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 2 0 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 78 794 158 794 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 2 0 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 678 794 618 794 Line %I 1 End End %I eop Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 140 767 ] concat %I [ (1) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 250 767 ] concat %I [ (2) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 440 767 ] concat %I [ (3) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 600 767 ] concat %I [ (1) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 50 767 ] concat %I [ (3) ] Text End End %I eop Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 20 797 ] concat %I [ (Phase Number) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-bold-r-*--24-* Helvetica-Bold 24 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 590 473 ] concat %I [ (t) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-bold-r-*--24-* Helvetica-Bold 24 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 600 153 ] concat %I [ (t) ] Text End Begin %I Pict %I b u %I cfg u %I cbg u %I f u %I p u %I t [ 1 0 0 1 30 -400 ] concat Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-symbol-medium-r-*-24-* Symbol 24 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 40 543 ] concat %I [ (t) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-o-*--18-* Helvetica-BoldOblique 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 50 540 ] concat %I [ (xds) ] Text End End %I eop Begin %I Pict %I b u %I cfg u %I cbg u %I f u %I p u %I t [ 1 0 0 1 108 -402 ] concat Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-symbol-medium-r-*-24-* Symbol 24 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 40 543 ] concat %I [ (t) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-o-*--18-* Helvetica-BoldOblique 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 50 540 ] concat %I [ (xds) ] Text End End %I eop Begin %I Pict %I b u %I cfg u %I cbg u %I f u %I p u %I t [ 1 0 0 1 256 -404 ] concat Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-symbol-medium-r-*-24-* Symbol 24 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 40 543 ] concat %I [ (t) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-o-*--18-* Helvetica-BoldOblique 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 50 540 ] concat %I [ (xds) ] Text End End %I eop Begin %I Pict %I b u %I cfg u %I cbg u %I f u %I p u %I t [ 1 0 0 1 494 -406 ] concat Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-symbol-medium-r-*-24-* Symbol 24 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 40 543 ] concat %I [ (t) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-o-*--18-* Helvetica-BoldOblique 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 50 540 ] concat %I [ (xds) ] Text End End %I eop Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 1 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 138 164 158 164 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 1 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 218 164 238 164 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 1 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 368 164 388 164 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 0 1 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 598 164 618 164 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 -50 367 ] concat %I [ (DQT) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 -50 317 ] concat %I [ (QH) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 -50 257 ] concat %I [ (QL) ] Text End Begin %I Pict %I b u %I cfg u %I cbg u %I f u %I p u %I t [ 1 0 0 1 -2 -332 ] concat Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 1 298 764 1 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I Pict %I b u %I cfg u %I cbg u %I f u %I p u %I t [ 1 0 0 1 0 -40 ] concat Begin %I Line %I b 13107 2 1 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 158 794 238 794 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 2 1 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 238 794 388 794 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 2 1 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 388 794 618 794 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 2 0 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 78 794 158 794 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 2 0 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -58 -14 ] concat %I 678 794 618 794 Line %I 1 End End %I eop Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 140 767 ] concat %I [ (1) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 250 767 ] concat %I [ (2) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 440 767 ] concat %I [ (3) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 600 767 ] concat %I [ (1) ] Text End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 50 767 ] concat %I [ (3) ] Text End End %I eop Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -66 -36 ] concat %I 146 336 166 446 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -66 -36 ] concat %I 226 386 246 446 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -66 -36 ] concat %I 376 276 396 446 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 1 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -66 -36 ] concat %I 606 336 626 446 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 -70 617 ] concat %I [ (BW/Nvc) ] Text End Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 32 34 ] concat %I 4 148 546 168 506 218 476 298 466 4 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 32 34 ] concat %I 148 606 148 546 Line %I 1 End Begin %I Line %I b 13107 1 0 0 [2 2] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 32 34 ] concat %I 148 606 148 126 Line %I 1 End Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 2 0 0 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 104 34 ] concat %I 3 456 666 476 646 496 636 3 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I BSpl %I b 65535 0 0 1 [] 0 SetB %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I cbg White 1 1 1 SetCBg none SetP %I p n %I t [ 1 -0 -0 1 -283 -64 ] concat %I 3 541 745 494 730 462 683 3 BSpl %I 1 End Begin %I Text %I cfg Black 0 0 0 SetCFg %I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* Helvetica 18 SetF %I t [ 1 0 0 1 271 694 ] concat %I [ (Major Reduction) ] Text End End %I eop showpage end @endspecial 2082 1898 a(Fig.)e(8:)27 b(Pictorial)21 b(V)-5 b(iew)21 b(of)g(EDS)f(Switch)h(with)g(Major)g(Reduction.)2040 2156 y Fi(\017)55 b Fm(Case)21 b(2:)28 b Fl(x)2458 2168 y Ff(1)2519 2156 y Fl(>)23 b(\034)30 b Fm(and)21 b Fl(max)p Fh(\()p Fl(Q)3076 2168 y Ff(1)3113 2156 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\)\))i Fi(\025)g Fl(D)r(QT)2123 2256 y Fm(The)e(length)g(of)f(Phase) h(1)g(is)g(given)f(by)2591 2426 y Fl(t)2621 2438 y Ff(0)p Fk(;)p Ff(1)2794 2426 y Fh(=)83 b Fl(\034)2977 2438 y Fk(xds)3104 2426 y Fh(+)18 b Fl(t)3217 2438 y Fk(D)r(QT)3396 2426 y Fh(+)g Fl(\034)3515 2438 y Fk(xds)3623 2426 y Fl(;)2520 2551 y(t)2550 2563 y Fk(D)r(QT)2794 2551 y Fh(=)83 b Fl(Q)3007 2515 y Fg(\000)p Ff(1)3007 2573 y(1)3096 2551 y Fh(\()p Fl(D)r(QT)12 b Fh(\))p Fl(:)2040 2721 y Fm(Accordingly)-5 b(,)20 b(the)g(initial)g(values)g(and)g(the)h (length)f(of)g(Phase)g(2)g(are)g(de-)2040 2821 y(rived)h(as)2388 2992 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)2578 3004 y Ff(2)2616 2992 y Fh(\(0\))83 b(=)g Fl(M)9 b(R)q(F)25 b(AC)6 b(R)3375 3004 y Ff(1)3412 2992 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)3474 3004 y Ff(1)3530 2992 y Fi(\000)18 b Fl(\034)3649 3004 y Fk(sx)3723 2992 y Fh(\))p Fl(;)2513 3116 y(Q)2579 3128 y Ff(2)2616 3116 y Fh(\(0\))83 b(=)g Fl(Q)3019 3128 y Ff(1)3055 3116 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)3117 3128 y Ff(1)3173 3116 y Fh(+)18 b Fl(\034)3292 3128 y Fk(sx)3366 3116 y Fh(\))p Fl(;)2602 3241 y(t)2632 3253 y Ff(1)p Fk(;)p Ff(2)2805 3241 y Fh(=)83 b Fl(x)3000 3253 y Ff(2)3056 3241 y Fh(+)18 b Fl(\034)3175 3253 y Fk(xds)3283 3241 y Fl(;)2040 3411 y Fm(where)j Fl(x)2311 3423 y Ff(2)2371 3411 y Fh(=)i Fl(Q)2525 3376 y Fg(\000)p Ff(1)2525 3434 y(2)2614 3411 y Fh(\()p Fl(Q)2712 3423 y Fk(L)2761 3411 y Fh(\))p Fm(.)28 b(Phase)20 b(3)h(is)g(equivalent)g(to)f(that)h(of)g (Case)g(1.)2040 3511 y Fi(\017)55 b Fm(Case)21 b(3:)28 b Fl(x)2458 3523 y Ff(1)2519 3511 y Fl(>)23 b(\034)30 b Fm(and)21 b Fl(max)p Fh(\()p Fl(Q)3076 3523 y Ff(1)3113 3511 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\)\))i Fl(<)g(D)r(QT)2123 3611 y Fm(The)g(behavior)g(of)f(this)h(case)g(is)g(obtained)f(by)h (eliminating)g(Phase)g(2)2040 3710 y(of)e(Case)g(1.)2040 3892 y Fj(2\))42 b(Maximum)20 b(Queue)h(Length:)2040 3991 y Fm(The)26 b(maximum)g(queue)f(length)h(for)g(PEDS)g(switch)g (can)f(be)h(obtained)2040 4091 y(by)f(the)h(same)f(method)g(as)h(in)f (the)g(case)h(of)f(the)g(EFCI)g(switch)h(in)f(Sub-)2040 4191 y(section)c(IV)-8 b(-A.)2040 4290 y Fi(\017)55 b Fm(Cases)21 b(1)g(and)g(2:)27 b Fl(max)p Fh(\()p Fl(Q)2908 4302 y Ff(1)2946 4290 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\)\))c Fl(>)g(D)r(QT)2123 4390 y Fm(In)d(this)h(case,)f(the)g(queue)h(length)f(reaches)h(its)f (maximum)g(value)h Fl(\034)4067 4402 y Fk(sx)2040 4489 y Fm(after)k(when)g(major)g(reduction)h(occurs)f(at)g Fl(t)38 b Fh(=)f Fl(t)3507 4501 y Ff(1)3544 4489 y Fm(.)k(Hence)25 b(the)g(max-)2040 4589 y(imum)c(queue)g(length)f(can)h(be)g(obtained)g (as)2635 4760 y Fl(Q)2701 4772 y Fk(max)2860 4760 y Fh(=)i Fl(Q)p Fh(\()p Fl(t)3076 4772 y Ff(1)3131 4760 y Fh(+)18 b Fl(\034)3250 4772 y Fk(sx)3324 4760 y Fh(\))p Fl(:)2040 4930 y Fi(\017)55 b Fm(Case)21 b(3:)28 b Fl(max)p Fh(\()p Fl(Q)2673 4942 y Ff(1)2711 4930 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\)\))23 b Fl(<)g(D)r(QT)2123 5030 y Fm(In)15 b(this)g(case,)h(no)f(major)g (reduction)g(occurs.)26 b(It)15 b(means)g(that)g(the)g(max-)2040 5130 y(imum)g(queue)g(length)g Fl(Q)2751 5142 y Fk(max)2902 5130 y Fm(can)g(be)g(obtained)g(with)g(the)g(same)g(method)2040 5229 y(in)21 b(the)g(case)f(of)h(the)g(EFCI)g(switch)f(in)h(Subsection) g(IV)-8 b(-A:)2672 5400 y Fl(Q)2738 5412 y Fk(max)2897 5400 y Fh(=)23 b Fl(Q)3051 5412 y Ff(1)3088 5400 y Fh(\()p Fl(t)3150 5412 y Fk(max)3287 5400 y Fh(\))p Fl(:)p eop 8 7 bop -360 -217 a Fm(where)21 b Fl(t)-106 -205 y Fk(max)51 -217 y Fm(is)g(given)g(as)-338 36 y Fl(t)-308 48 y Fk(max)-149 36 y Fh(=)205 -20 y Fl(B)t(W)26 b(N)432 -8 y Fk(RM)p -51 17 862 4 v -51 93 a Fl(N)16 105 y Fk(V)s(C)127 93 y Fl(M)9 b(AC)d(R)q Fh(\(1)18 b Fi(\000)h Fl(E)t(R)q(F)11 b Fh(\))834 36 y(log)965 -20 y Fl(N)1032 -8 y Fk(V)s(C)1144 -20 y Fl(AC)6 b(R)1334 -8 y Ff(3)1372 -20 y Fh(\()p Fi(1)p Fh(\))p 965 17 554 4 v 1164 93 a Fl(B)t(W)1529 36 y(:)-360 292 y Fj(3\))42 b(Numerical)20 b(Examples:)-322 1850 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 266 @urx 201 @ury 2430 @rwi @setspecial /gnudict 50 dict def gnudict begin /Color false def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 5.000 def /vshift -46 def /dl {10 mul} def /hpt 31.5 def /vpt 31.5 def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /MFshow {{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch rmoveto dup 4 get show dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch rmoveto pop} {pop aload pop moveto}ifelse} forall} bind def /MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont 4 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 exch R MFshow } bind def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke gnulinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth } def /AL { stroke gnulinewidth 2 div setlinewidth } def /PL { stroke gnulinewidth setlinewidth } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 dl 2 dl] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0 { PL [] 0 1 0 DL } def /LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def /LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 1 0 0 DL } def /LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def /LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def /LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def /LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def /LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def /P { stroke [] 0 setdash currentlinewidth 2 div sub M 0 currentlinewidth V stroke } def /D { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke P } def /A { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /B { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke P } def /C { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /T { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke P } def /S { 2 copy A C} def /F { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add moveto 0 vpt2 neg rlineto hpt2 0 rlineto 0 vpt2 rlineto hpt2 neg 0 rlineto closepath fill } def /I { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add moveto hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul rlineto hpt 2 mul 0 rlineto hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul rlineto closepath fill } def end gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray /Helvetica findfont 140 scalefont setfont newpath LTa 840 351 M 3249 0 V 840 351 M 0 2602 V LTb 840 351 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 351 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (0)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 785 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 785 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (20)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 1218 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 1218 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (40)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 1652 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 1652 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (60)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 2086 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 2086 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (80)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 2519 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 2519 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (100)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 2953 M 63 0 V 3186 0 R -63 0 V stroke 756 2953 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (120)] ] -46.7 Rshow 840 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 840 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (0)] ] -46.7 Cshow 1652 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 1652 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (5)] ] -46.7 Cshow 2464 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 2464 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (10)] ] -46.7 Cshow 3277 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 3277 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (15)] ] -46.7 Cshow 4089 351 M 0 63 V 0 2539 R 0 -63 V stroke 4089 211 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (20)] ] -46.7 Cshow 840 351 M 3249 0 V 0 2602 V -3249 0 V 840 351 L stroke 140 1652 M currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (Allowed Cell Rate: ACR\(t\))] ] -46.7 Cshow grestore 2464 71 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (Time \(msec\))] ] -46.7 Cshow LT0 3606 2750 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=0.02)] ] -46.7 Rshow 3690 2750 M 252 0 V 840 1556 M 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 17 -895 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 17 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 17 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 17 48 V 16 79 V 16 80 V 16 80 V 17 82 V 16 81 V 16 81 V 16 81 V 17 81 V 16 80 V 16 79 V 16 78 V 16 6 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 0 V 17 -1 V 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81 V 16 81 V 16 81 V 17 82 V 16 81 V 16 80 V 16 80 V 17 79 V 16 77 V 16 76 V 16 75 V 17 52 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -2 V 2822 703 L 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 15 V 16 79 V 16 80 V 16 81 V 16 81 V 17 81 V 16 82 V 16 81 V 16 81 V 17 80 V 16 79 V 16 78 V 16 76 V 17 76 V 16 73 V 16 5 V 16 -1 V 17 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 3699 704 L 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V LT2 3606 2470 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=0.50)] ] -46.7 Rshow 3690 2470 M 252 0 V 840 2002 M 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 1019 758 L 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 3 V 16 79 V 16 80 V 16 80 V 17 82 V 16 81 V 16 38 V 16 31 V 17 50 V 16 81 V 16 80 V 16 80 V 17 79 V 16 77 V 16 76 V 16 75 V 17 73 V 16 71 V 16 69 V 16 63 V 17 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 17 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -2 V 16 -1 V 2172 758 L 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 7 V 16 79 V 17 80 V 16 81 V 16 81 V 16 81 V 17 36 V 16 30 V 16 53 V 16 81 V 17 81 V 16 79 V 16 79 V 16 77 V 17 76 V 16 75 V 16 73 V 16 71 V 17 68 V 16 60 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 17 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 3325 758 L 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 12 V 16 79 V 16 80 V 16 80 V 17 82 V 16 81 V 16 33 V LT3 3606 2330 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=1.00)] ] -46.7 Rshow 3690 2330 M 252 0 V 840 2324 M 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 1002 838 L 17 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -5 V 16 -4 V 17 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 17 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 17 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 17 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 17 -3 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 17 -3 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 3 V 16 78 V 16 80 V 17 80 V 16 81 V 16 81 V 16 81 V 17 82 V 16 81 V 16 80 V 16 80 V 17 79 V 16 77 V 16 76 V 16 75 V 17 73 V 16 71 V 16 68 V 16 67 V 16 65 V 17 62 V 16 60 V 16 58 V 16 55 V 17 16 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 2692 840 L 16 -5 V 16 -4 V 17 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -5 V 16 -4 V 17 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 17 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 17 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 17 -4 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 17 -3 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -4 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 -3 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 17 58 V 16 79 V 16 80 V 16 81 V 17 81 V 16 82 V 16 81 V 16 81 V 17 81 V 16 80 V 16 79 V 16 78 V 17 76 V 16 75 V 16 74 V LT4 3606 2190 M [ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true (t)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true (=2.00)] ] -46.7 Rshow 3690 2190 M 252 0 V 840 1735 M 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 -1 V 16 0 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 17 0 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 16 -1 V 1409 691 L 16 -3 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 17 -2 V 16 -1 V 16 -2 V 16 -2 V 17 -1 V 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16 -1 V 16 -2 V stroke grestore end showpage @endspecial -360 2033 a Fm(Fig.)c(9:)26 b(Ef)n(fect)16 b(of)f(Propagation)h(Delay)g(on)f Fl(AC)6 b(R)q Fh(\()p Fl(t)p Fh(\))16 b Fm(in)f(PEDS)h(Switch)-122 2132 y(\()p Fl(N)-27 2144 y Fk(V)s(C)93 2132 y Fh(=)23 b(10)p Fm(\).)-322 3800 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 266 @urx 201 @ury 2430 @rwi @setspecial /gnudict 50 dict def gnudict begin /Color false def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 5.000 def /vshift -46 def /dl {10 mul} def /hpt 31.5 def /vpt 31.5 def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /MFshow {{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch rmoveto dup 4 get show dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch rmoveto pop} {pop aload pop moveto}ifelse} forall} bind def /MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont 4 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 exch R MFshow } bind def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke gnulinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth } def /AL { stroke gnulinewidth 2 div setlinewidth } def /PL { stroke gnulinewidth setlinewidth } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 dl 2 dl] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0 { PL [] 0 1 0 DL } def /LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def /LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 1 0 0 DL } def /LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def /LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def /LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def /LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def /LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def /P { stroke [] 0 setdash currentlinewidth 2 div sub M 0 currentlinewidth V stroke } def /D { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke P } def /A { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /B { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke P } def /C { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /T { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke P } def /S { 2 copy A C} def /F { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add moveto 0 vpt2 neg rlineto hpt2 0 rlineto 0 vpt2 rlineto hpt2 neg 0 rlineto closepath fill } def /I { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add moveto hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul rlineto hpt 2 mul 0 rlineto hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul rlineto closepath fill } 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b(analysis)g(\320,\272)j Fj(to)d(be)g(pr)m(esented)g(at)g(GLOBECOM)g ('95)p Fm(,)2178 4911 y(1995.)p eop end userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if