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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMMI7 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI7 1.100 %%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:53 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.100) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMMI7) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -14.04 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMMI7 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 21 /lambda put readonly def /FontBBox{0 -250 1171 750}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMSY7 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY7 1.0 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:21:52 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.0) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMSY7) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -14.035 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMSY7 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 0 /minus put readonly def /FontBBox{-15 -951 1252 782}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA052F09F9C8ADE9D907C058B87E9B6964 7D53359E51216774A4EAA1E2B58EC3176BD1184A633B951372B4198D4E8C5EF4 A213ACB58AA0A658908035BF2ED8531779838A960DFE2B27EA49C37156989C85 E21B3ABF72E39A89232CD9F4237FC80C9E64E8425AA3BEF7DED60B122A52922A 221A37D9A807DD01161779DDE7D251491EBF65A98C9FE2B1CF8D725A70281949 8F4AFFE638BBA6B12386C7F32BA350D62EA218D5B24EE612C2C20F43CD3BFD0D F02B185B692D7B27BEC7290EEFDCF92F95DDEB507068DE0B0B0351E3ECB8E443 E611BE0A41A1F8C89C3BC16B352C3443AB6F665EAC5E0CC4229DECFC58E15765 424C919C273E7FA240BE7B2E951AB789D127625BBCB7033E005050EB2E12B1C8 E5F3AD1F44A71957AD2CC53D917BFD09235601155886EE36D0C3DD6E7AA2EF9C C402C77FF1549E609A711FC3C211E64E8F263D60A57E9F2B47E3480B978AAF63 868AEA25DA3D5413467B76D2F02F8097D2841EDA6677731A6ACFEC0BABF1016A 089B2D24F47B9D66B677886B90AA787AD865B5F78EE434AA47B7B0F1244A4215 251FDCC670FD01A92226E2C667C2344298D001575BDF782D969D836ECA11E229 C7A17E28F70F9B17273FF243452DA885068A8BCB5165534F3996CBD8D97307DB 593D606C197AFC259E691C242F6E1E651575B6852AAD54567905E6F542DCA109 7F6DA24DC9112FBF7CE48B387953787B2BCB841873AED2DFA83339D39E14F4DD 3A51584527AC3A93630D121E2AE0C89D9C3F2FFA767743B1276BE1E648041010 0FD510F1A8 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMR10 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR10 1.00B %%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:54:52 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.00B) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMR10) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle 0 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMR10 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 40 /parenleft put dup 41 /parenright put dup 48 /zero put dup 49 /one put dup 50 /two put dup 51 /three put dup 53 /five put dup 54 /six put dup 56 /eight put dup 61 /equal put dup 103 /g put dup 108 /l put dup 111 /o put readonly def /FontBBox{-251 -250 1009 969}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMMI10 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI10 1.100 %%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:57 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.100) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMMI10) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -14.04 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMMI10 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 21 /lambda put dup 26 /rho put dup 28 /tau put dup 59 /comma put dup 60 /less put dup 61 /slash put dup 66 /B put dup 78 /N put dup 80 /P put dup 105 /i put dup 106 /j put dup 107 /k put dup 108 /l put dup 112 /p put readonly def /FontBBox{-32 -250 1048 750}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA0529731C99A784CCBE85B4993B2EEBDE 3B12D472B7CF54651EF21185116A69AB1096ED4BAD2F646635E019B6417CC77B 532F85D811C70D1429A19A5307EF63EB5C5E02C89FC6C20F6D9D89E7D91FE470 B72BEFDA23F5DF76BE05AF4CE93137A219ED8A04A9D7D6FDF37E6B7FCDE0D90B 986423E5960A5D9FBB4C956556E8DF90CBFAEC476FA36FD9A5C8175C9AF513FE 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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMSY10 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY10 1.0 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:20:57 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.0) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMSY10) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -14.035 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMSY10 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 2 /multiply put dup 47 /proportional put dup 102 /braceleft put dup 103 /braceright put readonly def /FontBBox{-29 -960 1116 775}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA052F09F9C8ADE9D907C058B87E9B6964 7D53359E51216774A4EAA1E2B58EC3176BD1184A633B951372B4198D4E8C5EF4 A213ACB58AA0A658908035BF2ED8531779838A960DFE2B27EA49C37156989C85 E21B3ABF72E39A89232CD9F4237FC80C9E64E8425AA3BEF7DED60B122A52922A 221A37D9A807DD01161779DDE7D31FF2B87F97C73D63EECDDA4C49501773468A 27D1663E0B62F461F6E40A5D6676D1D12B51E641C1D4E8E2771864FC104F8CBF 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2533 0 R -31 0 V 798 1870 M 31 0 V 2533 0 R -31 0 V 798 1943 M 31 0 V 2533 0 R -31 0 V 798 2000 M 31 0 V 2533 0 R -31 0 V 798 2046 M 31 0 V 2533 0 R -31 0 V 798 2085 M 31 0 V 2533 0 R -31 0 V 798 2119 M 31 0 V 2533 0 R -31 0 V 798 2149 M 31 0 V 2533 0 R -31 0 V 798 2176 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 2176 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1000)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 2352 M 31 0 V 2533 0 R -31 0 V 798 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 798 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1311 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1311 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 200)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1824 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1824 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 400)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2336 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2336 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 600)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2849 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2849 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 800)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 3362 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 3362 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1000)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1.000 UL LTb 798 420 M 2564 0 V 0 1932 V -2564 0 V 798 420 L LTb 140 1386 M currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Number of TCP flows accomodated)] ] -46.7 MCshow grestore LTb 2080 70 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Router ID)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT0 LTb 2711 2219 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (random)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT0 2795 2219 M 399 0 V 801 420 M 2 0 V 0 176 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 103 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 73 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 57 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 46 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 40 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V stroke 1047 915 M 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 34 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 29 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 27 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 24 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V stroke 1303 1029 M 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 23 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 20 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 19 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 17 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 17 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V stroke 1557 1125 M 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 15 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 15 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 13 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 13 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 13 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V stroke 1811 1194 M 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 12 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 11 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 11 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 10 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 10 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 10 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 9 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V stroke 2059 1267 M 0 9 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 9 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 8 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 8 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 8 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 7 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 8 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 7 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 7 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V stroke 2303 1338 M 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 7 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 6 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 7 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 6 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 6 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 6 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 6 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 6 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 5 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 6 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 5 V stroke 2542 1404 M 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 5 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 5 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 5 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 5 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 3 0 V stroke 2775 1465 M 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 4 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 4 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 4 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 4 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 4 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V stroke 2995 1531 M 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 6 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 5 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 5 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 2 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V stroke 3177 1630 M 0 3 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 2 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 0 6 V 2 0 V 0 10 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 2 0 V 0 1 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 0 1 V 2 0 V 0 4 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 2 0 V 0 4 V 3 0 V 0 1 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 2 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 0 1 V 2 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 0 1 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 0 13 V 2 0 V 0 1 V 3 0 V 0 1 V 2 0 V 0 7 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 0 1 V 3 0 V 0 1 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 0 1 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 7 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 0 25 V stroke 3321 1807 M 3 0 V 0 2 V 2 0 V 0 7 V 3 0 V 0 6 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 2 0 V 0 50 V 3 0 V 0 1 V 2 0 V 0 7 V 3 0 V 0 10 V 3 0 V 0 1 V 2 0 V 0 18 V 3 0 V 0 38 V 2 0 V 0 48 V 3 0 V 0 29 V 2 0 V 0 52 V 3 0 V 0 192 V 1.000 UL LT1 LTb 2711 2079 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (BA)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT1 2795 2079 M 399 0 V 801 420 M 2 0 V 0 176 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 103 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 73 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 57 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V stroke 1052 829 M 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 46 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 40 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V stroke 1313 915 M 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 34 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V stroke 1577 949 M 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 29 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V stroke 1842 978 M 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 27 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 24 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V stroke 2103 1029 M 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 23 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 20 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 19 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 17 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V stroke 2359 1108 M 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 17 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 15 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 15 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 13 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 13 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 13 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 12 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 11 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V stroke 2606 1217 M 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 11 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 10 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 10 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 10 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 9 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 9 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 9 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 8 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 8 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 8 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 7 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 8 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V stroke 2842 1324 M 2 0 V 0 7 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 7 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 7 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 6 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 7 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 6 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 12 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 6 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 6 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 6 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 5 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 5 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 5 V 2 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 4 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 5 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 4 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V stroke 3049 1456 M 0 5 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 8 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 4 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 4 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 0 4 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 7 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 0 10 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 4 V 3 0 V 0 6 V 3 0 V 0 6 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 9 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 2 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 2 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 0 5 V stroke 3221 1608 M 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 0 7 V 2 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 0 5 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 6 V 2 0 V 0 17 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 2 0 V 0 14 V 3 0 V 0 2 V 2 0 V 0 13 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 7 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 14 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 2 0 V 0 5 V 3 0 V 0 1 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 6 V 3 0 V 0 9 V 2 0 V 0 8 V 3 0 V 0 1 V 2 0 V 0 13 V 3 0 V 0 8 V 2 0 V 3 0 V 0 4 V 2 0 V 0 9 V 3 0 V 0 3 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 12 V 3 0 V 0 6 V 2 0 V 0 8 V 3 0 V 0 10 V 2 0 V 0 4 V 3 0 V 0 9 V 3 0 V 0 10 V 2 0 V 0 12 V 3 0 V 0 11 V 2 0 V 0 4 V 3 0 V 2 0 V 0 6 V 3 0 V 0 33 V 2 0 V 0 4 V 3 0 V 0 35 V 3 0 V 0 11 V 2 0 V 0 95 V 3 0 V 0 59 V 2 0 V 0 42 V 3 0 V 0 25 V 2 0 V 0 54 V 3 0 V 0 99 V 1.000 UL LTb 798 420 M 2564 0 V 0 1932 V -2564 0 V 798 420 L 1.000 UP stroke grestore end showpage %%Trailer %%DocumentFonts: Helvetica %%EndDocument @endspecial 2000 1602 a(Fig.) 28 b(2:)h(Distrib)n(ution)h(of)g(the)h (number)d(of)j(TCP)g(\003o)n(ws)g(tra)n(v)o(ersing)e(a) 2254 1701 y(router)e(\()p Fi(N)p Fh 32 w(=) 22 b(1)p Fi(;)p Fh 14 w(000)p Fn(,)p Fi 27 w(k)p Fh 26 w(=)h(3)p Fn(\)) 2000 2039 y(we) 37 b(in)m(v)o(estigate)e(ho)n(w)h(equally)g(e)n(v)o(ery)g (router)f(is)j(utilized)e(by)h(TCP) 2000 2139 y(\003o)n(ws.) 2083 2240 y(The)c(distrib)n(ution)g(of)g(the)h(number)e(of)i(TCP)g(\003o)n (ws)h(tra)n(v)o(ersing)d(a) 2000 2340 y(router) 24 b(in)h(a)h(random)d (netw)o(ork)h(and)g(a)i(scale-free)e(netw)o(ork)g(for)p Fi 25 w(N)p Fh 31 w(=) 2000 2439 y(1)p Fi(;)p Fh 14 w(000)p Fn 35 w(nodes) 35 b(and)h(the)g(a)n(v)o(erage)f(de)o(gree)g(of)p Fi 36 w(k)p Fh 40 w(=)i(3)p Fn 37 w(is)g(sho)n(wn)e(in) 2000 2539 y(Fig.) 28 b(3.) 2083 2640 y(This)g(\002gure)f(sho)n(ws)g(that)h (the)g(number)e(of)h(TCP)i(\003o)n(ws)f(tra)n(v)o(ersing) 2000 2739 y(a) 37 b(router)g(in)g(a)h(random)d(netw)o(ork)h(is)i(lar)o(ger)e (than)h(in)h(a)f(scale-free) 2000 2839 y(netw)o(ork.)k(W) -7 b(e) 44 b(calculated)d(the)i(a)n(v)o(erage)f(number)e(of)j(TCP)g(\003o) n(ws) 2000 2939 y(tra)n(v)o(ersing) 33 b(a)j(router:)e(47.75)f(in)j (the)f(random)e(netw)o(ork)h(and)g(33.96) 2000 3038 y(in) 24 b(the)f(scale-free)g(netw)o(ork.)f(Ho)n(we)n(v)o(er)m(,)g(this)i (\002gure)f(also)h(sho)n(ws)f(that) 2000 3138 y(in) 28 b(a)g(scale-free)f(netw)o(ork,)g(there)g(e)o(xist)h(a)g(small)h(number) d(of)h(routers) 2000 3237 y(accommodating) 32 b(a)k(lar)o(ge)f(number)e (of)j(TCP)g(\003o)n(ws.)g(Namely) -5 b(,) 34 b(this) 2000 3337 y(means) 28 b(that)p Fe 28 w(hub)f(r)l(outer)o(s)p Fn 29 w(accommodate)f(a)i(lar)o(ge)g(number)e(of)i(TCP) 2000 3437 y(\003o)n(ws.) 2083 3538 y(Thus,) 37 b(in)g(a)h(random)e(netw)o (ork,)g(the)i(de)n(viation)e(of)h(the)g(number) 2000 3637 y(of)e(TCP)h(\003o)n(ws)g(tra)n(v)o(ersing)e(a)i(router)e(is)i (relati)n(v)o(ely)e(small,)i(and)f(all) 2000 3737 y(routers) 25 b(are)h(comparati)n(v)o(ely)e(equally)h(utilized.)h(On)g(the)g (contrary) -5 b(,) 24 b(in) 2000 3836 y(a)d(scale-free)e(netw)o(ork,)g (the)h(de)n(viation)f(of)h(the)g(number)f(of)h(TCP)h(\003o)n(ws) 2000 3936 y(tra)n(v)o(ersing)f(a)j(router)e(is)i(relati)n(v)o(ely)d(lar)o (ge,)h(and)h(some)f(hub)g(routers)h(are) 2000 4036 y(hea)n(vily) 29 b(utilized.)g(This)h(observ)n(ation)d(corresponds)h(to)i(the)f (\002ndings) 2000 4135 y(in)f([19,)g(12].) 2083 4236 y(In) 23 b(what)h(follo)n(ws,)f(we)h(in)m(v)o(estigate)f(the)g(ef)n (fect)h(of)f(such)h(character)n(-) 2000 4336 y(istics) 33 b(of)e(a)h(scale-free)f(netw)o(ork)g(on)g(the)h(end-to-end)c (performance) 2000 4435 y(of)g(TCP)h(\003o)n(ws.)p Fe 2000 4601 a(C.) 41 b(A) -5 b(ver)o(a)o(g)o(e) 29 b(TCP)g(Flow)g(Thr)l (oughput)p Fn 2083 4731 a(First,)j(we)g(focus)f(on)g(the)g(throughput)e (of)i(TCP)i(\003o)n(ws)f(as)g(one)f(of) 2000 4831 y(the)d(end-to-end)e (performance)g(metrics.) 2083 4932 y(The) 47 b(a)n(v)o(erage)g (throughput)d(of)k(TCP)g(\003o)n(ws)g(when)f(\002xing)g(the) 2000 5031 y(a)n(v)o(erage) 41 b(de)o(gree)f(at)p Fi 43 w(k)p Fh 51 w(=) 48 b(3)p Fn 42 w(and) 42 b(changing)e(the)i(number)p Fi 40 w(N)p Fn 52 w(of) 2000 5131 y(nodes) 22 b(from)h(100)f(to)h (1,000)f(is)i(sho)n(wn)f(in)g(Fig.)g(3.)g(This)h(\002gure)e(sho)n(ws) 2000 5231 y(that)j(the)f(throughput)e(of)i(the)h(scale-free)f(netw)o (ork)g(is)h(approximately) 2000 5330 y(10\045)i(lar)o(ger)f(than)h (that)g(of)g(the)h(random)d(netw)o(ork)i(re)o(gardless)e(of)i(the) 2000 5430 y(number)f(of)j(nodes.)p dyy eop end %%Page: 4 4 TeXDict begin 4 3 bop -192 1319 a @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2519 @rwi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/tcp/N-3-10-10-100-5-t.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0 %%CreationDate: Wed Sep 20 17:54:07 2006 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color true def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 10.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -46 def /dl {10.0 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /Rounded false def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /N {newpath moveto} bind def /C {setrgbcolor} bind def /f {rlineto fill} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0{ PL [] 0.6 0 0 DL } def /LT1{ PL [] 0.6 0 0 DL } def /LT2{ PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 0.6 0 DL } def /LT3{ PL [] 0 0.6 0 DL } def /LT4{ PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 0.6 DL } def /LT5{ PL [] 0 0 0.6 DL } def /LT6{ PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 0.6 0 0.6 DL } def /LT7{ PL [] 0.6 0 0.6 DL } def /LT8{ PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 0.6 0.6 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def /BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def /TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def /TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def /DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def /Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def /PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath fill grestore } def /Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def /CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def /C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450 arc } bind def /C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def /BoxColFill { gsave Rec /Fillden exch def currentrgbcolor /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor fill grestore } def % % PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine % Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill % x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled % w,h = width and height of box % a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis % XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch % /PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def 0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for 0 PFa 6 get ne { 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for } if stroke grestore } def % /Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall currentdict end definefont pop /MFshow { { dup 5 get 3 ge { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse } {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6 get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5 get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse } ifelse } forall} bind def /MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def /MLshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 exch R MFshow } bind def /MRshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /MCshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont 1.000 UL LTb 714 420 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 420 M [ 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3429 y(sho)n(ws)c(lar)o(ger)e (throughput)f(than)i(the)h(scale-free)f(netw)o(ork)g(when)g(the) -192 3528 y(a)n(v)o(erage)g(de)o(gree)p Fi 25 w(k)p Fn 30 w(is)j(lar)o(ge.)d(Speci\002cally) -5 b(,) 25 b(the)i(relation)f(of)g (a)n(v)o(erage) -192 3628 y(throughputs)g(in)j(a)g(random)e(netw)o(ork) g(and)h(a)h(scale-free)f(netw)o(ork)g(is) -192 3728 y(re)n(v)o(ersed)f (at)i(approximately)p Fi 26 w(k)p Fh 25 w(=) 23 b(5)p Fn(.) -109 3881 y(This)e(is)g(probably)d(because)i(the)h(ne)o(gati)n(v) o(e)d(ef)n(fect,)i(such)g(that)h(traf)n(\002c) -192 3981 y(is)k(lik)o(ely)e(to)h(be)f(concentrated)e(on)j(hub)e(routers,)h(is)h (signi\002cant)f(when) -192 4081 y(the)k(a)n(v)o(erage)f(de)o(gree)g (is)j(lar)o(ge.)d(Although)f(results)j(are)f(not)g(included) -192 4180 y(in) 21 b(this)h(paper)f(due)f(to)i(space)f(limitation,)g(we)g (found)f(that)h(the)h(relation) -192 4280 y(of) 32 b(the)g(a)n(v)o (erage)e(throughput)f(in)j(a)h(random)d(netw)o(ork)h(and)g(a)i(scale-) -192 4380 y(free)k(netw)o(ork)g(is)h(re)n(v)o(ersed)e(at)j (approximately)p Fi 34 w(k)p Fh 43 w(=)h(6)p Fn 38 w(when)d(the) -192 4479 y(a)n(v)o(erage) 26 b(throughput)e(is)k(calculated)f(as)h(in)f ([8])g(\(not)f(modeling)g(TCP) -192 4579 y(congestion)j(control)g (mechanism\).)g(This)h(result)h(indicates)f(that)h(the) -192 4678 y(ne)o(gati)n(v)o(e)i(ef)n(fect,)i(such)g(that)h(traf)n(\002c)f (is)i(lik)o(ely)e(to)h(be)f(concentrated) -192 4778 y(on) 46 b(hub)f(routers,)g(is)i(signi\002cant)f(when)f(the)h(TCP)h(performs)e (its) -192 4878 y(congestion) 27 b(control.) -109 5031 y(From) 38 b(these)h(observ)n(ations,)e(we)i(conclude)e(that)i(the)g (scale-free) -192 5131 y(structure) 23 b(of)h(a)h(netw)o(ork)e(has)i (positi)n(v)o(e)f(ef)n(fect)f(on)h(the)h(throughput)c(of) -192 5231 y(TCP)k(\003o)n(ws)f(when)f(the)h(a)n(v)o(erage)e(de)o(gree)h(of)g (a)h(netw)o(ork)f(is)i(small,)f(b)n(ut) -192 5330 y(it) 35 b(has)f(ne)o(gati)n(v)o(e)d(ef)n(fect)j(on)f(the)h(throughput)d(of)i (TCP)i(\003o)n(ws)f(when) -192 5430 y(the) 29 b(a)n(v)o(erage)e(de)o (gree)g(of)h(a)h(netw)o(ork)e(is)j(lar)o(ge.) 2000 1319 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2519 @rwi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/tcp/1000-k-10-10-100-5-t.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0 %%CreationDate: Wed Sep 20 17:53:13 2006 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color true def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 10.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -46 def /dl {10.0 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /Rounded false def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /N {newpath moveto} bind def /C {setrgbcolor} bind def /f {rlineto fill} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0{ PL [] 0.6 0 0 DL } def /LT1{ PL [] 0.6 0 0 DL } def /LT2{ PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 0.6 0 DL } def /LT3{ PL [] 0 0.6 0 DL } def /LT4{ PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 0.6 DL } def /LT5{ PL [] 0 0 0.6 DL } def /LT6{ PL [1 dl 1.5 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closepath } bind def /C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill 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exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 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/ColR exch def /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor fill grestore } def % % PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine % Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill % x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled % w,h = width and height of box % a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis % XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch % /PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def 0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for 0 PFa 6 get ne { 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for } if stroke grestore } def % /Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall currentdict end definefont pop /MFshow { { dup 5 get 3 ge { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse } {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6 get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5 get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse } ifelse } forall} bind def /MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def /MLshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 exch R MFshow } bind def /MRshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /MCshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont 1.000 UL LTb 714 420 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 420 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 635 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 635 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.1)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 849 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 849 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.2)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 1064 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 1064 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.3)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 1279 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 1279 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.4)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 1493 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 1493 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.5)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 1708 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 1708 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.6)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 1923 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 1923 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.7)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 2137 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 2137 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.8)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 2352 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 2352 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.9)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 714 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 2)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1155 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1155 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 3)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1597 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1597 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 4)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2038 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2038 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 5)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2479 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2479 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 6)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2921 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2921 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 7)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 3362 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 3362 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 8)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1.000 UL LTb 714 420 M 2648 0 V 0 1932 V -2648 0 V 714 420 L LTb 140 1386 M currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Average throughput [Mbit/s])] ] -46.7 MCshow grestore LTb 2038 70 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Average degree )] [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (k)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT0 LTb 2711 2219 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (random)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT0 2795 2219 M 399 0 V 714 794 M 441 523 V 442 333 V 441 219 V 441 166 V 442 137 V 441 118 V 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT1 714 776 M 0 35 V 683 776 M 62 0 V -62 35 R 62 0 V 410 495 R 0 22 V -31 -22 R 62 0 V -62 22 R 62 0 V 411 309 R 0 27 V -31 -27 R 62 0 V -62 27 R 62 0 V 410 200 R 0 10 V -31 -10 R 62 0 V -62 10 R 62 0 V 410 157 R 0 8 V -31 -8 R 62 0 V -62 8 R 62 0 V 411 126 R 0 14 V -31 -14 R 62 0 V -62 14 R 62 0 V 410 107 R 0 9 V -31 -9 R 62 0 V -62 9 R 62 0 V 714 794 BoxF 1155 1317 BoxF 1597 1650 BoxF 2038 1869 BoxF 2479 2035 BoxF 2921 2172 BoxF 3362 2290 BoxF 1.000 UL LT2 LTb 2711 2079 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (BA)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT2 2795 2079 M 399 0 V 714 936 M 441 563 V 442 244 V 441 133 V 441 62 V 442 103 V 441 52 V 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT3 714 911 M 0 51 V 683 911 M 62 0 V -62 51 R 62 0 V 410 511 R 0 51 V -31 -51 R 62 0 V -62 51 R 62 0 V 411 193 R 0 51 V -31 -51 R 62 0 V -62 51 R 62 0 V 410 78 R 0 60 V -31 -60 R 62 0 V -62 60 R 62 0 V 410 9 R 0 46 V -31 -46 R 62 0 V -62 46 R 62 0 V 411 47 R 0 65 V -31 -65 R 62 0 V -62 65 R 62 0 V 410 -19 R 0 79 V -31 -79 R 62 0 V -62 79 R 62 0 V 714 936 DiaF 1155 1499 DiaF 1597 1743 DiaF 2038 1876 DiaF 2479 1938 DiaF 2921 2041 DiaF 3362 2093 DiaF 1.000 UL LTb 714 420 M 2648 0 V 0 1932 V -2648 0 V 714 420 L 1.000 UP stroke grestore end showpage %%Trailer %%DocumentFonts: Helvetica-Oblique Helvetica %%EndDocument @endspecial 2000 1602 a(Fig.)e(4:)h(A) -6 b(v)o(erage) 21 b(TCP)j(\003o)n(w)f(throughput)d(for)i(the)h(dif)n(ferent)f(a)n(v)o (erage) 2254 1701 y(de)o(gree)p Fi 27 w(k)p Fn 32 w(\()p Fi(N)p Fh 31 w(=)h(1)p Fi(;)p Fh 14 w(000)p Fn(,)p Fi 27 w(B)p Fh 27 w(=)g(10)p Fn 28 w([Mbit/s]\)) 2000 3352 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2519 @rwi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/tcp/N-3-10-10-100-5-R.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0 %%CreationDate: Wed Sep 20 17:54:15 2006 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color true def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 10.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -46 def /dl {10.0 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /Rounded false def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /N {newpath moveto} bind def /C {setrgbcolor} bind def /f {rlineto fill} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0{ PL [] 0.6 0 0 DL } def /LT1{ PL [] 0.6 0 0 DL } def /LT2{ PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 0.6 0 DL } def /LT3{ PL [] 0 0.6 0 DL } def /LT4{ PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 0.6 DL } def /LT5{ PL [] 0 0 0.6 DL } def /LT6{ PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 0.6 0 0.6 DL } def /LT7{ PL [] 0.6 0 0.6 DL } def /LT8{ PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 0.6 0.6 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def /BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def /TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def /TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def /DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def /Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def /PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath fill grestore } def /Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def /CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def /C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450 arc } bind def /C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def /BoxColFill { gsave Rec /Fillden exch def currentrgbcolor /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor fill grestore } def % % PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine % Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill % x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled % w,h = width and height of box % a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis % XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch % /PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def 0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for 0 PFa 6 get ne { 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for } if stroke grestore } def % /Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall currentdict end definefont pop /MFshow { { dup 5 get 3 ge { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse } {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6 get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5 get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse } ifelse } forall} bind def /MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def /MLshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 exch R MFshow } bind def /MRshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /MCshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont 1.000 UL LTb 798 420 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 420 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 806 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 806 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.05)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 1193 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 1193 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.1)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 1579 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 1579 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.15)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 1966 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 1966 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.2)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 2352 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 2352 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.25)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 798 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 100)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1083 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1083 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 200)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1368 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1368 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 300)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1653 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1653 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 400)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1938 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1938 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 500)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2222 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2222 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 600)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2507 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2507 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 700)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2792 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2792 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 800)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 3077 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 3077 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 900)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 3362 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 3362 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1000)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1.000 UL LTb 798 420 M 2564 0 V 0 1932 V -2564 0 V 798 420 L LTb 140 1386 M currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Average round-trip time [s])] ] -46.7 MCshow grestore LTb 2080 70 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Number of nodes )] [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (N)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT0 LTb 2711 2219 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (random)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT0 2795 2219 M 399 0 V 798 1808 M 427 176 V 428 71 V 427 88 V 427 51 V 428 34 V 427 37 V 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT1 798 1781 M 0 54 V -31 -54 R 62 0 V -62 54 R 62 0 V 396 134 R 0 30 V -31 -30 R 62 0 V -62 30 R 62 0 V 397 45 R 0 23 V -31 -23 R 62 0 V -62 23 R 62 0 V 396 65 R 0 21 V -31 -21 R 62 0 V -62 21 R 62 0 V 396 36 R 0 9 V -31 -9 R 62 0 V -62 9 R 62 0 V 397 22 R 0 17 V -31 -17 R 62 0 V -62 17 R 62 0 V 396 19 R 0 17 V -31 -17 R 62 0 V -62 17 R 62 0 V 798 1808 BoxF 1225 1984 BoxF 1653 2055 BoxF 2080 2143 BoxF 2507 2194 BoxF 2935 2228 BoxF 3362 2265 BoxF 1.000 UL LT2 LTb 2711 2079 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (BA)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT2 2795 2079 M 399 0 V 798 1641 M 427 89 V 428 29 V 427 13 V 427 4 V 428 1 V 427 0 V 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT3 798 1563 M 0 156 V 767 1563 M 62 0 V -62 156 R 62 0 V 396 -16 R 0 54 V -31 -54 R 62 0 V -62 54 R 62 0 V 397 -33 R 0 71 V -31 -71 R 62 0 V -62 71 R 62 0 V 396 -75 R 0 103 V 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y(The)f(a)n(v)o(erage)f(round-trip)f(time)j(of)f(TCP)h(\003o) n(ws)g(\(i.e.,)f(the)h(a)n(v)o(erage) 2000 4528 y(of)g(round-trip)d (times)j(of)g(all)h(TCP)g(\003o)n(ws\))f(when)f(\002xing)h(the)g(a)n(v) o(erage) 2000 4628 y(de)o(gree)k(at)p Fi 32 w(k)p Fh 32 w(=)f(3)p Fn 32 w(and)i(changing)e(the)j(number)p Fi 30 w(N)p Fn 41 w(of)g(nodes)f(from) 2000 4727 y(100)i(to)h(1,000)e (is)j(sho)n(wn)f(in)g(Fig.)g(5.)g(This)g(\002gure)f(sho)n(ws)h(that)g (the) 2000 4827 y(scale-free) 18 b(netw)o(ork)g(has)i(smaller)f(a)n(v)o (erage)g(round-trip)d(time)k(than)e(the) 2000 4927 y(random) 28 b(netw)o(ork)g(re)o(gardless)g(of)h(the)h(number)p Fi 28 w(N)p Fn 38 w(of)g(nodes.)e(Also,) 2000 5026 y(this) 37 b(\002gure)g(sho)n(ws)g(the)g(dif)n(ference)e(in)i(a)n(v)o(erage)f (round-trip)e(times) 2000 5126 y(becomes) 23 b(lar)o(ge)h(as)h(the)g (number)p Fi 22 w(N)p Fn 34 w(of)g(nodes)e(becomes)h(lar)o(ge.)f(This) 2000 5226 y(is)j(probably)d(caused)i(by)g(a)h(small)g(a)n(v)o(erage)e (distance)h(of)g(a)h(scale-free) 2000 5325 y(netw)o(ork)h(as)i (discussed)g(in)f(Section)g(III.) 2083 5430 y(It) 36 b(should)f(be)h(noted)e(that)i(this)h(tendenc)o(y)d(does)h(not)h (change)e(so)p dyy eop end %%Page: 5 5 TeXDict begin 5 4 bop -192 1319 a @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2519 @rwi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/tcp/1000-k-10-10-100-5-R.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0 %%CreationDate: Wed Sep 20 17:53:33 2006 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color true def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 10.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -46 def /dl {10.0 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /Rounded false def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /N {newpath moveto} bind def /C {setrgbcolor} bind def /f {rlineto fill} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0{ PL [] 0.6 0 0 DL } def /LT1{ PL [] 0.6 0 0 DL } def /LT2{ PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 0.6 0 DL } def /LT3{ PL [] 0 0.6 0 DL } def /LT4{ PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 0.6 DL } def /LT5{ PL [] 0 0 0.6 DL } def /LT6{ PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 0.6 0 0.6 DL } def /LT7{ PL [] 0.6 0 0.6 DL } def /LT8{ PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 0.6 0.6 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def /BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def /TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def /TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def /DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def /Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def /PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath fill grestore } def /Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def /CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def /C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450 arc } bind def /C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def /BoxColFill { gsave Rec /Fillden exch def currentrgbcolor /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor fill grestore } def % % PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine % Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill % x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled % w,h = width and height of box % a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis % XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch % /PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def 0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for 0 PFa 6 get ne { 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for } if stroke grestore } def % /Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall currentdict end definefont pop /MFshow { { dup 5 get 3 ge { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse } {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6 get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5 get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse } ifelse } forall} bind def /MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def /MLshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 exch R MFshow } bind def /MRshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /MCshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont 1.000 UL LTb 798 420 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 420 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 806 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 806 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.05)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 1193 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 1193 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.1)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 1579 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 1579 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.15)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 1966 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 1966 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.2)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 2352 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 2352 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.25)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 798 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 2)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1225 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1225 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 3)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1653 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1653 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 4)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2080 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2080 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 5)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2507 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2507 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 6)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2935 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2935 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 7)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 3362 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 3362 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 8)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1.000 UL LTb 798 420 M 2564 0 V 0 1932 V -2564 0 V 798 420 L LTb 140 1386 M currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Average round-trip time [s])] ] -46.7 MCshow grestore LTb 2080 70 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Average degree )] [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (k)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT0 LTb 2711 2219 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (random)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT0 2795 2219 M 399 0 V 798 2245 M 427 20 V 428 -296 V 427 -149 V 427 -93 V 428 -67 V 427 -48 V 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT1 798 2217 M 0 57 V -31 -57 R 62 0 V -62 57 R 62 0 V 396 -18 R 0 17 V -31 -17 R 62 0 V -62 17 R 62 0 V 397 -309 R 0 9 V -31 -9 R 62 0 V -62 9 R 62 0 V 396 -155 R 0 3 V -31 -3 R 62 0 V -62 3 R 62 0 V 396 -96 R 0 3 V -31 -3 R 62 0 V -62 3 R 62 0 V 397 -72 R 0 7 V -31 -7 R 62 0 V -62 7 R 62 0 V 396 -51 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 798 2245 BoxF 1225 2265 BoxF 1653 1969 BoxF 2080 1820 BoxF 2507 1727 BoxF 2935 1660 BoxF 3362 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b(of)g(the)h(end-to-end)c(performance)h(metrics.) -109 4932 y(The) 19 b(pack)o(et)g(loss)h(rate)g(of)f(TCP)h(\003o)n(ws)g (\(i.e.,)f(the)g(a)n(v)o(erage)f(of)h(pack)o(et) -192 5031 y(loss) 35 b(rates)f(of)g(all)h(TCP)f(\003o)n(ws\))g(when)g (\002xing)f(the)h(a)n(v)o(erage)f(de)o(gree) -192 5131 y(at)p Fi 32 w(k)p Fh 32 w(=) 28 b(3)p Fn 32 w(and)j(changing)f(the)h (number)p Fi 30 w(N)p Fn 41 w(of)g(nodes)g(from)g(100)g(to) -192 5231 y(1,000)i(is)j(sho)n(wn)e(in)h(Fig.)f(7.)h(This)g(\002gure)f(sho)n (ws)h(that)g(the)f(pack)o(et) -192 5330 y(loss)d(rate)e(of)h(TCP)g (\003o)n(ws)h(in)e(a)i(random)d(netw)o(ork)g(and)h(a)i(scale-free) -192 5430 y(netw)o(ork)c(are)i(almost)f(same)h(re)o(gardless)e(of)h(the)h (number)d(of)i(nodes.) 2000 1319 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2519 @rwi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/tcp/N-3-10-10-100-5-p.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0 %%CreationDate: Wed Sep 20 23:39:24 2006 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) 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BoxF 2949 2127 BoxF 3362 2191 BoxF 1.000 UL LT2 LTb 2711 2079 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (barandom/log)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT2 2795 2079 M 399 0 V 882 1734 M 413 206 V 414 96 V 413 33 V 413 0 V 414 83 V 413 -38 V 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT3 882 1708 M 0 52 V -31 -52 R 62 0 V -62 52 R 62 0 V 382 135 R 0 90 V -31 -90 R 62 0 V -62 90 R 62 0 V 383 26 R 0 51 V -31 -51 R 62 0 V -62 51 R 62 0 V 382 -58 R 0 129 V -31 -129 R 62 0 V -62 129 R 62 0 V 382 -84 R 0 39 V -31 -39 R 62 0 V -62 39 R 62 0 V 383 45 R 0 39 V -31 -39 R 62 0 V -62 39 R 62 0 V 382 -84 R 0 51 V -31 -51 R 62 0 V -62 51 R 62 0 V 882 1734 DiaF 1295 1940 DiaF 1709 2036 DiaF 2122 2069 DiaF 2535 2069 DiaF 2949 2152 DiaF 3362 2114 DiaF 1.000 UL LTb 882 420 M 2480 0 V 0 1932 V -2480 0 V 882 420 L 1.000 UP stroke grestore end showpage %%Trailer %%DocumentFonts: Helvetica-Oblique Helvetica %%EndDocument @endspecial 2000 1602 a(Fig.)g(7:)h(P)o(ack)o(et)c(loss)h(rate)f(for)f (dif)n(ferent)g(number)f(of)i(nodes)p Fi 24 w(N)p Fn 35 w(\()p Fi(k)p Fh 25 w(=) 2254 1701 y(3)p Fn(,)p Fi 28 w(B)p Fh 28 w(=)d(10)p Fn 28 w([Mbit/s]\)) 2000 3365 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2519 @rwi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/tcp/1000-k-10-10-100-5-p.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0 %%CreationDate: Wed Sep 20 17:53:40 2006 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color true def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 10.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -46 def /dl {10.0 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /Rounded false def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /N {newpath moveto} bind def /C {setrgbcolor} bind def /f {rlineto fill} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0{ PL [] 0.6 0 0 DL } def /LT1{ PL [] 0.6 0 0 DL } def /LT2{ PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 0.6 0 DL } def /LT3{ PL [] 0 0.6 0 DL } def /LT4{ PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 0.6 DL } def /LT5{ PL [] 0 0 0.6 DL } def /LT6{ PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 0.6 0 0.6 DL } def /LT7{ PL [] 0.6 0 0.6 DL } def /LT8{ PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 0.6 0.6 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def /BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def /TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def /TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def /DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def /Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def /PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath fill grestore } def /Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def /CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def /C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450 arc } bind def /C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def /BoxColFill { gsave Rec /Fillden exch def currentrgbcolor /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor fill grestore } def % % PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine % Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill % x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled % w,h = width and height of box % a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis % XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch % /PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def 0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for 0 PFa 6 get ne { 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for } if stroke grestore } def % /Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall currentdict end definefont pop /MFshow { { dup 5 get 3 ge { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse } {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6 get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5 get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse } ifelse } forall} bind def /MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def /MLshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 exch R MFshow } bind def /MRshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /MCshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont 1.000 UL LTb 882 420 M 63 0 V 2417 0 R -63 0 V stroke 798 420 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 882 696 M 63 0 V 2417 0 R -63 0 V stroke 798 696 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.005)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 882 972 M 63 0 V 2417 0 R -63 0 V stroke 798 972 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.01)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 882 1248 M 63 0 V 2417 0 R -63 0 V stroke 798 1248 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.015)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 882 1524 M 63 0 V 2417 0 R -63 0 V stroke 798 1524 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.02)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 882 1800 M 63 0 V 2417 0 R -63 0 V stroke 798 1800 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.025)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 882 2076 M 63 0 V 2417 0 R -63 0 V stroke 798 2076 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.03)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 882 2352 M 63 0 V 2417 0 R -63 0 V stroke 798 2352 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.035)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 882 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 882 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 2)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1295 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1295 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 3)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1709 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1709 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 4)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2122 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2122 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 5)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2535 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2535 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 6)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2949 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2949 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 7)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 3362 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 3362 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 8)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1.000 UL LTb 882 420 M 2480 0 V 0 1932 V -2480 0 V 882 420 L LTb 140 1386 M currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Packet loss rate)] ] -46.7 MCshow grestore LTb 2122 70 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Average degree )] [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (k)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT0 LTb 2711 2219 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (random)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT0 2795 2219 M 399 0 V 882 2070 M 413 -132 V 414 -320 V 413 -149 V 413 -61 V 414 -44 V 413 -22 V 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT1 882 1960 M 0 221 V 851 1960 M 62 0 V -62 221 R 62 0 V 382 -254 R 0 22 V -31 -22 R 62 0 V -62 22 R 62 0 V 383 -348 R 0 33 V -31 -33 R 62 0 V -62 33 R 62 0 V 382 -176 R 0 22 V -31 -22 R 62 0 V -62 22 R 62 0 V 382 -77 R 0 11 V -31 -11 R 62 0 V -62 11 R 62 0 V 383 -61 R 0 22 V -31 -22 R 62 0 V -62 22 R 62 0 V 382 -39 R 0 11 V -31 -11 R 62 0 V -62 11 R 62 0 V 882 2070 BoxF 1295 1938 BoxF 1709 1618 BoxF 2122 1469 BoxF 2535 1408 BoxF 2949 1364 BoxF 3362 1342 BoxF 1.000 UL LT2 LTb 2711 2079 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (BA)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT2 2795 2079 M 399 0 V 882 1866 M 413 6 V 414 -144 V 413 -49 V 413 0 V 414 -39 V 413 5 V 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT3 882 1767 M 0 199 V 851 1767 M 62 0 V -62 199 R 62 0 V 382 -116 R 0 44 V -31 -44 R 62 0 V -62 44 R 62 0 V 383 -204 R 0 77 V -31 -77 R 62 0 V -62 77 R 62 0 V 382 -122 R 0 67 V -31 -67 R 62 0 V -62 67 R 62 0 V 382 -50 R 0 33 V -31 -33 R 62 0 V -62 33 R 62 0 V 383 -99 R 0 88 V -31 -88 R 62 0 V -62 88 R 62 0 V 382 -77 R 0 77 V -31 -77 R 62 0 V -62 77 R 62 0 V 882 1866 DiaF 1295 1872 DiaF 1709 1728 DiaF 2122 1679 DiaF 2535 1679 DiaF 2949 1640 DiaF 3362 1645 DiaF 1.000 UL LTb 882 420 M 2480 0 V 0 1932 V -2480 0 V 882 420 L 1.000 UP stroke grestore end showpage %%Trailer %%DocumentFonts: Helvetica-Oblique Helvetica %%EndDocument @endspecial 2000 3647 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y(free)c(netw)o(ork)f(does)h(not)g(change)g(so)g(much)g(e)n(v)o (en)f(when)h(the)h(a)n(v)o(erage) 2000 4920 y(de)o(gree)p Fi 18 w(k)p Fn 23 w(is)c(changed.)d(This)i(is)h(because)e(TCP)i(\003o)n (ws)f(are)g(lik)o(ely)g(to)g(be) 2000 5020 y(concentrated)i(on)i(hub)f (routers)h(in)g(a)h(scale-free)f(netw)o(ork)f(re)o(gardless) 2000 5120 y(of) 28 b(its)i(a)n(v)o(erage)d(de)o(gree.) 2083 5231 y(On)k(the)g(other)g(hand,)f(the)h(pack)o(et)g(loss)h(rate)f(of)g (TCP)h(\003o)n(ws)g(in)f(a) 2000 5330 y(random)g(netw)o(ork)g (decreases)i(as)g(the)g(a)n(v)o(erage)f(de)o(gree)p Fi 31 w(k)p Fn 36 w(becomes) 2000 5430 y(lar)o(ge.)k(This)i(is)h(because)e (TCP)i(\003o)n(ws)f(in)g(a)g(random)e(netw)o(ork)h(are)p dyy eop end %%Page: 6 6 TeXDict begin 6 5 bop Fn -192 -50 a(lik)o(ely) 33 b(to)f(be)h(distrib)n (uted)f(to)g(multiple)g(routers)g(when)g(the)h(a)n(v)o(erage) -192 49 y(de)o(gree)p Fi 27 w(k)p Fn 32 w(is)c(lar)o(ge.) -109 147 y(From) 38 b(these)h(observ)n(ations,)e(we)i(conclude)e(that)i(the) 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