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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMTI9
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTI9 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 18 21:08:07
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMTI9) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMTI9 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 97 /a put
dup 105 /i put
dup 109 /m put
dup 110 /n put
dup 120 /x put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-35 -250 1148 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000827 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMR6
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR6 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:02
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMR6) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMR6 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 49 /one put
dup 50 /two put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-20 -250 1193 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000789 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI9
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI9 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:55
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI9) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI9 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 11 /alpha put
dup 28 /tau put
dup 66 /B put
dup 78 /N put
dup 99 /c put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-29 -250 1075 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087384 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMR5
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR5 1.00B
%%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:55:02
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.00B) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMR5) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMR5 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 40 /parenleft put
dup 41 /parenright put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-341 -250 1304 965}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000788 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA052A014267B7904EB3C0D3BD0B83D891
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI5
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI5 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Aug 02 08:21:10
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI5) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI5 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 76 /L put
dup 82 /R put
dup 105 /i put
dup 110 /n put
readonly def
/FontBBox{37 -250 1349 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087380 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA06DA87FC7163A5A2A756A598FAB07633
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMSY7
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY7 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:21:52
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMSY7) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.035 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMSY7 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 3 /asteriskmath put
dup 50 /element put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-15 -951 1252 782}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000817 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA052F09F9C8ADE9D907C058B87E9B6964
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221A37D9A807DD01161779DDE7D251491EBF65A98C9FE2B1CF8D725A70281949
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMSY5
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY5 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:21:16
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMSY5) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.035 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMSY5 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 48 /prime put
readonly def
/FontBBox{21 -944 1448 791}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000815 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA052F09F9C8ADE9D907C058B87E9B6964
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMR7
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR7 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:21
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMR7) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMR7 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 40 /parenleft put
dup 41 /parenright put
dup 43 /plus put
dup 49 /one put
dup 50 /two put
dup 61 /equal put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-27 -250 1122 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000790 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMEX10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMEX10 1.00
%%CreationDate: 1992 Jul 23 21:22:48
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.00) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMEX10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMEX10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 26 /braceleftbigg put
dup 27 /bracerightbigg put
dup 56 /bracelefttp put
dup 58 /braceleftbt put
dup 60 /braceleftmid put
dup 62 /braceex put
dup 80 /summationtext put
dup 88 /summationdisplay put
dup 89 /productdisplay put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-24 -2960 1454 772}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000774 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMSY10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY10 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:20:57
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMSY10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.035 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMSY10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /minus put
dup 2 /multiply put
dup 17 /equivalence put
dup 20 /lessequal put
dup 21 /greaterequal put
dup 39 /similarequal put
dup 102 /braceleft put
dup 103 /braceright put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-29 -960 1116 775}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000820 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI7
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI7 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:53
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI7) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI7 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 68 /D put
dup 76 /L put
dup 78 /N put
dup 82 /R put
dup 83 /S put
dup 84 /T put
dup 98 /b put
dup 105 /i put
dup 108 /l put
dup 109 /m put
dup 110 /n put
dup 115 /s put
readonly def
/FontBBox{0 -250 1171 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087382 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMTI10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTI10 1.00B
%%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:56:16
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.00B) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMTI10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMTI10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 82 /R put
dup 84 /T put
dup 97 /a put
dup 100 /d put
dup 105 /i put
dup 109 /m put
dup 110 /n put
dup 112 /p put
dup 116 /t put
dup 120 /x put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-163 -250 1146 969}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000828 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMR10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR10 1.00B
%%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:54:52
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.00B) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMR10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMR10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 40 /parenleft put
dup 41 /parenright put
dup 43 /plus put
dup 48 /zero put
dup 49 /one put
dup 50 /two put
dup 51 /three put
dup 52 /four put
dup 53 /five put
dup 55 /seven put
dup 61 /equal put
dup 95 /dotaccent put
dup 97 /a put
dup 102 /f put
dup 105 /i put
dup 109 /m put
dup 110 /n put
dup 120 /x put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-251 -250 1009 969}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000793 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI10 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:57
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 11 /alpha put
dup 28 /tau put
dup 58 /period put
dup 59 /comma put
dup 60 /less put
dup 61 /slash put
dup 62 /greater put
dup 68 /D put
dup 76 /L put
dup 77 /M put
dup 78 /N put
dup 80 /P put
dup 82 /R put
dup 83 /S put
dup 84 /T put
dup 98 /b put
dup 99 /c put
dup 100 /d put
dup 102 /f put
dup 103 /g put
dup 104 /h put
dup 105 /i put
dup 106 /j put
dup 107 /k put
dup 108 /l put
dup 109 /m put
dup 110 /n put
dup 112 /p put
dup 113 /q put
dup 114 /r put
dup 115 /s put
dup 116 /t put
dup 119 /w put
dup 120 /x put
dup 121 /y put
dup 122 /z put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-32 -250 1048 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087385 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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1538 y(adequ) n(ately) e(pro) o(v) n(ided.) 2073 1638
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2635 y(posed) i(in) i(the) f(curren) n(t) h(paper) -5
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4528 y(time) 20 b(system) h(indicatin) n(g) f(indi) n(vidu) n(al) h
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(\002rst) g(presen) n(ted.) 61 b(In) 32 b(Sec-) -182
482 y(tion) 21 b(3,) g(we) h(e) o(xplain) e(our) h(analytic) g(appr) n
(oach) g(that) h(mod) n(els) h(b) n(uild-) -182 581 y(ing) 33
b(blocks) g(of) h(a) g(netw) o(ork) e(as) j(continu) n(ous-time) e
(systems.) 66 b(In) -182 681 y(Section) 18 b(3,) h(an) f(analysis) h
(techniq) n(ue) g(prop) n(osed) g(with) f(modelin) n(g) h(of) -182
780 y(indi) n(v) n(idual) 25 b(comp) n(onents) f(of) h(a) g(netw) o
(ork) f(via) g(a) i(contin) n(uous-tim) n(e) -182 880
y(system) d(is) i(e) o(xp) n(lained.) 34 b(In) 23 b(Section) g(4,) h
(we) g(perfo) n(rm) f(steady-state) -182 980 y(analy) n(sis) 17
b(using) e(the) h(analytic) f(models) g(presented) g(in) g(Section) h
(3.) 23 b(In) -182 1079 y(Section) 18 b(5,) h(the) g(ef) n(\002cac) o
(y) f(of) h(the) g(analysis) g(techniq) n(ue) g(prop) n(osed) g(is) -182
1179 y(v) o(er) n(i\002ed) i(via) g(comp) n(arison) f(of) h(analytica) n
(l) h(results) f(and) f(simulation) -182 1279 y(results.) 34
b(Finally) -5 b(,) 23 b(a) h(summary) e(of) h(the) g(curren) n(t) h
(paper) e(and) h(futur) n(e) -182 1378 y(topics) d(are) g(discussed) g
(in) g(Section) g(6.) p Fx -182 1614 a(2) 99 b(Related) 25
b(W) -7 b(ork) p Fv -83 1834 a(In) 17 b(the) f(past,) h(a) g(v) n
(ariety) f(of) g(research) g(has) h(been) f(perf) n(ormed) g(with) -182
1934 y(re) o(g) n(ard) 23 b(to) h(modelin) n(g) g(of) g(netw) o(or) n
(ks) g(using) g(metho) n(ds) g(of) g(\003uid) f(ap-) -182
2033 y(pro) n(ximation) d([7,) g(8].) 26 b(In) 20 b(these) h(studies,) g
(a) g(duality) f(model) g(for) g(the) -182 2133 y(TCP) 26
b(conge) n(stion) g(contro) n(l) h(mech) n(anisms) f(\(TCP) g(Reno) g
(and) f(TCP) -182 2233 y(V) -9 b(e) o(g) n(as\)) 22 b(and) g(netw) o
(or) n(k) g(are) g(prop) n(osed) g(and) f(the) h(f) o(act) g(that) g
(the) g(TCP) -182 2332 y(con) n(gestion) 32 b(contr) n(ol) h(mech) n
(anism) f(can) g(be) g(vie) n(wed) f(as) i(an) f(opti-) -182
2432 y(mization) 17 b(algo) n(rithm) h(that) g(maxim) n(izes) h(the) f
(utility) f(function) f(is) j(in-) -182 2532 y(dicated) n(.) 25
b(Moreo) m(v) o(er) m(,) 17 b(v) n(alues) h(for) f(equilibriu) n(m) h
(\(maximiza) n(tion) g(of) -182 2631 y(the) e(utility) g(func) n
(tion\)) g(deri) n(v) m(ed) g(from) f(the) i(dua) n(lity) g(mode) n(l) g
(and) f(sim-) -182 2731 y(ulation) 23 b(results) h(are) f(compar) n(ed)
h(and) f(the) h(v) n(alidity) f(of) g(the) h(duality) -182
2830 y(mod) n(el) d(is) g(indicated) n(.) -83 2931 y(In) h(addition) n
(,) h(there) f(is) h(research) e(with) h(the) g(v) n(alidity) g(of) g
(the) g(du-) -182 3031 y(ality) 28 b(mod) n(el) g(v) o(eri\002ed) f
(via) h(simulation) f(testing) h([3]) n(.) 49 b(In) 27
b(this) h(pa-) -182 3131 y(per) m(,) 22 b(the) h(pack) o(et) f(loss) i
(prob) n(ability) f(of) g(a) g(RED) g(router) f(deri) n(v) o(e) n(d) h
(by) -182 3230 y(simulation) f(and) h(the) h(pack) o(et) f(loss) h
(prob) n(ability) g(of) f(a) h(RED) g(router) -182 3330
y(at) i(equilib) n(rium) f(obtained) f(via) i(a) g(duality) f(mode) n
(l) i(are) e(compar) n(ed.) -182 3430 y(The) 30 b(results) h(indica) n
(te) g(that) g(both) f(v) n(alue) n(s) i(are) e(almost) h(identical.)
-182 3529 y(Ho) n(we) n(v) m(er) m(,) 25 b(the) f(RED) g(router') -7
b(s) 26 b(a) n(v) o(era) n(ge) e(queue) f(length) h(and) f(TCP) -182
3629 y(windo) l(w) 16 b(size) g(were) f(not) g(compar) n(ed.) 24
b(In) 15 b(additio) n(n,) i(there) d(w) o(as) j(a) f(fo-) -182
3728 y(cus) 22 b(on) h(the) f(v) n(alue) g(for) g(equilibriu) n(m) h
(alone) f(in) h([3]) f(and) g(dynam) n(ics) -182 3828
y(prio) n(r) 28 b(to) f(equilib) n(rium) g(are) g(not) g(indica) n
(ted.) 46 b(On) 27 b(the) g(other) f(hand,) -182 3928
y(analy) n(sis) 31 b(of) e(dyna) n(mics) h(prior) e(to) i(equilibr) n
(ium) f(is) i(also) e(possible) -182 4027 y(with) 20
b(the) g(analysis) g(techniqu) n(e) h(prop) n(osed) f(in) g(the) h
(curr) n(ent) f(paper) -5 b(.) -83 4128 y(In) 24 b([7,) g(8,) g(3],) h
(input/ou) n(tput) f(of) g(the) h(mod) n(el) g(for) f(the) h(TCP) g
(con-) -182 4228 y(gestion) k(contr) n(ol) h(mechan) n(ism) g(and) g
(inpu) n(t/outpu) n(t) h(of) e(the) h(mod) n(el) -182
4327 y(for) 21 b(RED) h(router) f(dif) n(fe) n(r) -5
b(.) 31 b(Thus,) 21 b(there) h(is) h(a) f(pro) n(blem) g(when) f(mod-)
-182 4427 y(eling) 16 b(a) i(lar) o(ge) n(-scale) g(netw) o(or) n(k) g
(in) f(that) g(the) h(structu) n(re) g(of) f(the) g(mod) n(el) -182
4527 y(beco) n(mes) 34 b(more) f(comple) m(x.) 66 b(In) 33
b(contra) n(st,) 38 b(modelin) n(g) c(of) f(lar) o(ge-) -182
4626 y(scale) h(netw) o(or) n(ks) g(can) g(read) n(ily) g(be) g(perf) n
(ormed) f(with) g(the) h(analy-) -182 4726 y(sis) 39
b(techniqu) n(e) g(propo) n(sed) g(in) g(the) f(curren) n(t) i(pap) n
(er) f(because) f(in-) -182 4826 y(put/o) n(utputs) 20
b(for) f(comp) n(onen) n(ts) i(of) e(the) h(netw) o(ork) f(are) g(all) h
(standard-) -182 4925 y(ized) g(to) g(the) g(pack) o(et) g
(transmission) f(rate.) -83 5026 y(In) g(additio) n(n,) g(numero) n(us)
g(research) f(projects) h(to) g(speed) f(up) h(sim-) -182
5126 y(ulation) 29 b(of) g(lar) o(ge-) n(scale) i(netw) o(ork) n(s) g
(throu) n(gh) f(use) g(of) f(a) i(\003uid) e(ap-) -182
5225 y(pro) n(ximation) 18 b(mod) n(el) i(ha) n(v) o(e) e(been) g(cond)
n(ucted) h([10) n(,) g(6,) g(2].) 24 b(In) 19 b(addi-) -182
5325 y(tion,) f(perfor) n(mance) h(e) n(v) n(alu) n(ation) g(techniqu) n
(es) h(for) e(lar) o(ge-scale) g(net-) 1974 83 y(w) o(orks) 31
b(using) g(a) h(\003uid) f(appro) n(ximation) g(mod) n(el) h(ha) n(v) o
(e) f(been) g(pro-) 1974 183 y(posed) 24 b(in) h(the) g(literature) f
([6].) 39 b(The) 25 b(\003uid) f(appro) n(ximation) g(model) 1974
282 y(prop) n(osed) j(in) g([9]) g(is) h(e) o(xpan) n(ded) f(and) f
(the) i(TCP) g(con) n(gestion) f(con-) 1974 382 y(trol) f(mecha) n
(nism) h(and) e(acti) n(v) o(e) h(queu) n(e) h(mana) n(gement) e
(mechanism) 1974 482 y(are) 19 b(mod) n(eled.) 25 b(In) 18
b(addition,) g(the) h(ef) n(fects) g(of) f(the) h(maximu) n(m) h
(trans-) 1974 581 y(mission) 31 b(rate) g(for) g(pack) m(ets) i(being) d
(suppr) n(essed) i(by) f(the) g(router) n(') -5 b(s) 1974
681 y(proc) n(essing) 19 b(capacity) f(are) h(also) g(mod) n(eled) g
(throu) n(gh) f(e) o(xplicit) g(mod-) 1974 780 y(eling) f(of) g(the) h
(ord) n(er) g(in) g(which) f(indi) n(v) n(idual) h(TCP) g(conn) n
(ections) g(pass) 1974 880 y(throu) n(gh) i(the) g(router) -7
b(.) 2073 980 y(The) 21 b(TCP) h(Reno) e(windo) n(w) g(size) i(and) e
(router) g(que) n(ue) h(length) f(are) 1974 1079 y(then) 27
b(deri) n(v) m(ed) h(at) g(equilib) n(rium) f(throu) n(gh) h(num) n
(erically) f(solving) g(a) 1974 1179 y(dif) n(fer) n(ential) 21
b(equatio) n(n) g(by) f(repeated) g(calculation) n(.) 27
b(Repeated) 20 b(cal-) 1974 1279 y(culation) j(of) h(this) h(dif) n(fe)
n(rential) f(equation) f(is) i(stated) g(to) f(be) g(consid-) 1974
1378 y(ered) h(appro) n(ximating) g(simulation) n(.) 42
b(In) 26 b(this) g(pape) n(r) m(,) h(speeding) e(up) 1974
1478 y(of) 33 b(numer) n(ical) i(calculation) d(is) j(sough) n(t) g
(throu) n(gh) f(inte) o(g) n(ration) f(of) 1974 1577
y(multiple) 26 b(TCP) h(conne) n(ctions) g(passing) f(throu) n(gh) g
(the) h(e) o(xact) f(same) 1974 1677 y(path) 20 b(as) g(one) g(class.)
2073 1777 y(Unlik) o(e) d(these) g(\003uid-based) f(mode) n(ling) h
(appro) n(aches) g([7,) g(8,) f(3,) h(6,) 1974 1876 y(9],) h(our) g
(analytic) h(app) n(roach) f(is) p Fw 20 w(scalable) p
Fv 18 w(and) p Fw 18 w(accur) o(a) n(te) p Fv(.) 25 b(Namely) -5
b(,) 1974 1976 y(our) 21 b(analytic) h(app) n(roach) f(is) i(scalable) f
(in) g(terms) g(of) g(the) g(numb) n(er) g(of) 1974 2076
y(TCP) i(connec) n(tions) g(and) f(router) n(s) i(since) e(both) g
(input/o) n(utput) g(of) h(all) 1974 2175 y(contin) n(uous-time) e
(systems) i(are) f(unifo) n(rmly) g(de\002ned) f(as) i(a) g(pack) m(et)
1974 2275 y(transmission) j(rate.) 46 b(Also,) 29 b(our) e(analytic) g
(app) n(roach) g(is) h(accurate) 1974 2374 y(since) d(the) f(timeout) g
(mechan) n(ism) h(of) g(TCP) g(and) f(the) h(pack) o(et) f(dro) n(p-)
1974 2474 y(ping) 16 b(algorithm) g(of) h(RED) h(router) e(are) h
(rigoro) n(usly) h(mod) n(eled) f(in) h(our) 1974 2574
y(contin) n(uous-time) h(systems.) p Fx 1974 2804 a(3) 99
b(Modeling) 23 b(Indi) o(vidual) f(Netw) o(ork) h(Components) 2123
2920 y(using) i(Fluid) g(A) n(ppr) n(oximation) p Fv
2073 3133 a(Our) h(analysis) h(techn) n(ique) f(is) h(e) o(xplain) n
(ed) f(in) h(this) g(section.) 42 b(An) 1974 3233 y(analytical) 26
b(mod) n(el) i(pro) n(posed) e(in) h(the) g(literatur) n(e) h([7]) e
(is) h(e) o(xtend) n(ed) 1974 3332 y(with) g(the) h(analysis) f
(techniqu) n(e) h(prop) n(osed) f(in) h(the) f(curren) n(t) h(paper) -7
b(.) 1974 3432 y(Speci\002cally) i(,) 43 b(comp) n(onents) c(of) g(a) g
(netw) o(ork) f(\(TCP) i(cong) n(estion) 1974 3532 y(contr) n(ol) 24
b(mechan) n(ism,) g(router) f(b) n(uf) n(f) n(er) m(,) h(and) e(link) i
(pro) n(pagatio) n(n) g(de-) 1974 3631 y(lay\)) d(are) g(each) g(mod) n
(eled) g(as) h(indep) n(endent) f(con) n(tinuous-tim) n(e) h(sys-) 1974
3731 y(tems) e(by) g(a) h(metho) n(d) g(of) f(\003uid) g(app) n
(roximatio) n(n.) 2073 3831 y(In) g(the) f(curren) n(t) h(paper) m(,) e
(for) h(the) g(sak) o(e) h(of) f(simplicity) -5 b(,) 19
b(only) f(TCP) 1974 3930 y(Reno) e(is) h(modeled) e(as) i(the) g(TCP) g
(cong) n(estion) g(con) n(trol) g(mecha) n(nism.) 1974
4030 y(Hereafter) -5 b(,) 17 b(TCP) g(Reno) g(is) g(simply) f(deno) n
(ted) h(as) g(TCP) g(unless) f(noted) 1974 4129 y(other) n(wise.) 25
b(Ne) o(xt) 15 b(is) i(mod) n(eling) f(of) f(the) h(route) n(r) g(b) n
(uf) n(fer) m(,) f(althoug) n(h) h(in) 1974 4229 y(the) 22
b(curren) n(t) h(paper) m(,) f(for) f(the) i(sak) o(e) f(of) h
(simplicity) -5 b(,) 22 b(only) f(RED) i(that) 1974 4329
y(is) i(an) e(acti) n(v) o(e) g(queue) g(manag) n(ement) h(rou) n(ter) g
(is) h(mod) n(eled.) 36 b(Finally) -5 b(,) 1974 4428
y(the) 21 b(link) h(pro) n(pagatio) n(n) g(delay) f(is) i(mod) n(eled) f
(simply) f(as) h(a) g(delay) f(el-) 1974 4528 y(ement) f(of) g(the) h
(signal.) 26 b(An) 21 b(entire) f(closed-lo) n(op) g(netw) o(ork) g(is)
h(mod-) 1974 4628 y(eled) 34 b(with) h(multistage) g(con) n(nection) f
(of) h(each) f(continu) n(ous-time) 1974 4727 y(system) 24
b(\(Fig.) f(1\).) 36 b(In) 23 b(our) g(analytic) h(appr) n(oach,) g
(since) g(both) f(input) 1974 4827 y(and) 17 b(outp) n(ut) h(of) f
(each) g(model) g(are) g(uni\002ed) g(as) h(the) g(pack) m(et) h
(transmis-) 1974 4926 y(sion) e(rate,) h(we) g(can) f(simply) g
(intercon) n(nect) g(these) h(continu) n(ous-time) 1974
5026 y(systems.) 2073 5126 y(Hereafter) m(,) 48 b(the) 43
b(mod) n(el) h(of) f(the) g(TCP) h(cong) n(estion) f(control) 1974
5225 y(mechan) n(ism,) 36 b(RED) d(router) e(b) n(uf) n(fer) -5
b(,) 36 b(and) c(link) g(prop) n(agation) g(de-) 1974
5325 y(lay) f(are) h(e) o(xp) n(lained.) 59 b(De\002nitions) 31
b(of) g(symbols) g(\(constan) n(ts) i(and) p dyy eop
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0 SG
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% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      510 175 M
      550 175 L
      550 100 L
      10 100 L
      10 175 L
      0 40 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 50 exch SU
      exch sin 8.000 MU 175 exch SU L
   TGSM
   1 W
   S
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      50 175 8.000 3.000 40 0 TGAT
   1 SG CP F
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0 SG
GS
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      195 230 M
      -30 -80 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 115 exch SU
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   TGSM
   1 W
   S
   [] 0 SD
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      115 200 8.000 3.000 -80 -30 TGAT
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      115 200 8.000 3.000 -80 -30 TGAT
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% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   [2 2] 0 SD
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      195 230 M
      -35 15 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 210 exch SU
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   S
   [] 0 SD
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      210 195 8.000 3.000 15 -35 TGAT
   1 SG CP F
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      210 195 8.000 3.000 15 -35 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   [2 2] 0 SD
   NP
      195 230 M
      -30 80 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 275 exch SU
      exch sin 8.000 MU 200 exch SU L
   TGSM
   1 W
   S
   [] 0 SD
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      275 200 8.000 3.000 80 -30 TGAT
   1 SG CP F
   0 SG
   NP
      275 200 8.000 3.000 80 -30 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   [2 2] 0 SD
   NP
      385 235 M
      -40 55 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 440 exch SU
      exch sin 8.000 MU 195 exch SU L
   TGSM
   1 W
   S
   [] 0 SD
GR
GS
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      440 195 8.000 3.000 55 -40 TGAT
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   1 W
   S
   [] 0 SD
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@endspecial Fu -83 844 a(Figure) 15 b(1.) g(Modeling) g(entire) g(netw)
n(ork) g(b) n(y) g(inter) n(con\255) -83 943 y(necting) 23
b(contin) o(u) n(ous\255time) g(systems) -83 1413 y(T) -7
b(ab) o(le) 46 b(1.) g(De\002nition) n(s) g(of) f(symbols) g
(\(constants) -83 1512 y(and) 23 b(v) n(ariab) o(les\)) p
-182 1624 2064 4 v Ft -80 1694 a(x) p Fs(\() p Ft(t) p
Fs(\)) p Fv 153 w(input) d(to) g(a) h(mod) n(el) g(\(pack) m(et) g
(transmission) f(rate\)) p Ft -78 1794 a(y) p Fs 3 w(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 154 w(outpu) n(t) h(from) e(a) i(mode) n(l) g
(\(pack) o(et) f(transmission) f(rate\)) p Ft -41 1893
a(R) p Fv 192 w(TCP) i(roun) n(d-trip) f(time) p Ft -87
1993 a(w) p Fs 2 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 146 w(TCP) h(windo) n(w) e
(size) p Fr -133 2093 a(p) p Fq -91 2105 a(TO) p Fs 20
2093 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 100 w(TCP) i(timeout) f(pro) n
(bability) p Fr -116 2192 a(min) p Fq 31 2204 a(th) p
Fv 214 2192 a(minimum) f(thresho) n(ld) i(v) n(alue) e(of) h(RED) h
(router) p Fr -122 2292 a(max) p Fq 37 2304 a(th) p Fv
214 2292 a(maximu) n(m) g(thresho) n(ld) f(v) n(alue) g(of) g(RED) h
(rou) n(ter) p Fr -110 2391 a(max) p Fq 49 2403 a(p) p
Fv 214 2391 a(maximu) n(m) g(pack) m(et) g(rejection) f(rate) g(of) g
(RED) h(rou) n(ter) p Ft -36 2491 a(\013) p Fv 197 w(weight) f(of) g
(the) g(e) o(xpo) n(nential) g(a) n(v) o(erag) n(e) h(of) f(RED) h(rou)
n(ter) p Ft -74 2591 a(c) p Fs(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p
Fv 158 w(processing) e(speed) h(of) g(RED) h(rou) n(ter) p
Ft -74 2690 a(b) p Fs(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 158 w(curren) n(t) g
(queue) e(length) g(of) h(RED) h(router) p Ft -76 2790
a(r) p Fs 2 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 157 w(a) n(v) o(erage) e(queue)
g(length) h(of) f(RED) i(router) p Ft -94 2890 a(p) p
Fp -52 2902 a(b) p Fs -19 2890 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p
Fv 139 w(pack) o(et) f(mark) n(ing) g(proba) n(bility) g(of) g(RED) h
(router) p Ft -77 2989 a(p) p Fs(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p
Fv 155 w(pack) o(et) f(loss) h(pro) n(bability) f(at) h(RED) f(router) p
-182 3022 V -182 3280 a(v) n(aria) n(bles\)) g(used) f(in) h(e) o
(xplan) n(ations) g(hereaf) n(ter) g(are) g(summar) n(ized) g(in) -182
3380 y(T) -7 b(able) 20 b(1.) p Fo -182 3601 a(3.1) 90
b(Modeling) 44 b(TCP) g(Conge) n(stion) g(Contr) n(ol) g(Mecha\255) 23
3700 y(nism) p Fv -83 3921 a(In) 27 b(this) h(section,) h(the) e(TCP) h
(congestion) e(contro) n(l) i(mechan) n(ism) -182 4021
y(is) h(modeled) f(as) h(a) h(contin) n(uous-time) e(system) h(where) f
(input) p Ft 28 w(x) p Fs(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv -182
4121 a(is) i(the) g(arri) n(v) l(al) g(rate) g(for) f(A) m(CK) h(pack) m
(ets) h(and) e(outp) n(ut) p Ft 30 w(y) p Fs 3 w(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 30 w(is) i(the) -182 4220 y(transmission) 19
b(rate) h(of) g(data) g(pack) o(ets.) -83 4324 y(In) f(this) g(pap) n
(er) m(,) g(we) g(pro) n(pose) g(a) g(mod) n(el) g(of) g(the) f(TCP) i
(cong) n(estion) -182 4424 y(con) n(trol) g(mechanism) f(includin) n(g)
h(its) h(timeout) e(mechanism) g(by) h(e) o(x-) -182
4524 y(tendin) n(g) j(analytic) g(mod) n(els) h(prop) n(osed) f(in) g
([7,) f(3,) h(6].) 33 b(Speci\002cally) -5 b(,) -182
4623 y(the) 33 b(amoun) n(t) h(of) g(windo) l(w) g(size) g(decrease) f
(when) g(a) h(pack) o(et) f(loss) -182 4723 y(is) c(detected) e(using) h
(the) g(timeout) f(mechanism) g(is) j(chan) n(ged) e(from) p
Ft -182 4822 a(w) p Fs 2 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fn
18 w(\000) p Fs 16 w(1) p Fv 20 w(to) p Fs 20 w(4) p
Ft(w) p Fs 2 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Ft(=) p Fs(3) p
Fn 17 w(\000) p Fs 17 w(1) p Fv(.) d(Here,) p Ft 19 w(w) p
Fs 2 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 22 w(deno) n(tes) c(the) f(TCP) g
(win-) -182 4922 y(do) n(w) f(size.) -83 5026 y(The) f(reason) g(for) f
(correctin) n(g) i(the) f(amoun) n(t) h(of) f(windo) n(w) f(size) i
(de-) -182 5126 y(crease) 33 b(caused) g(by) g(the) h(timeout) f(mecha)
n(nism) h(is) h(e) o(xp) n(lained) e(as) -182 5225 y(follo) l(ws.) 69
b(In) 34 b([3,) g(6],) j(the) e(amou) n(nt) g(of) f(windo) n(w) f(size)
j(decr) n(ease) -182 5325 y(when) 23 b(a) i(pack) m(et) g(loss) g(is) g
(detected) e(by) h(duplicate) f(A) m(CKs) i(is) g(gi) n(v) o(en) 1974
83 y(by) p Fs 34 w(2) p Ft(w) p Fs 2 w(\() p Ft(t) p
Fs(\)) p Ft(=) p Fs(3) p Fv(.) 69 b(This) 35 b(is) h(becau) n(se) p
Ft 36 w(w) p Fs 2 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 36 w(is) g(de\002ned) e
(as) h(the) g(e) o(x-) 1974 183 y(pected) 19 b(v) n(alue) g(of) h(TCP) g
(windo) n(w) f(size.) 26 b(Namely) -7 b(,) 20 b(halving) f(of) g(TCP)
1974 282 y(windo) l(w) 36 b(size) f(corre) n(sponds) f(to) h
(decreasing) e(from) p Fs 34 w(4) p Ft(w) p Fs 2 w(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Ft(=) p Fs(3) p Fv 35 w(to) p Fs 1974
382 a(2) p Ft(w) p Fs 2 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Ft(=) p
Fs(3) p Fv(.) 47 b(Ho) n(we) n(v) m(er) m(,) 29 b(in) f([6]) n(,) i
(when) d(a) h(pack) m(et) g(loss) h(is) f(detected) 1974
482 y(by) 18 b(the) h(timeout) f(mechan) n(ism,) i(decre) n(ase) g(of) e
(TCP) i(windo) n(w) e(size) h(is) 1974 581 y(mod) n(eled) 26
b(as) h(decreasin) n(g) f(from) p Ft 25 w(w) p Fs 2 w(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 28 w(to) g(1,) h(which) f(is) h(incor) n(rect.) 1974
681 y(There) n(fore,) 33 b(when) e(a) h(pack) m(et) g(loss) g(is) g
(detected) f(by) g(the) g(timeout) 1974 780 y(mechan) n(ism,) c(we) f
(model) f(that) h(TCP) h(windo) l(w) f(size) h(is) f(decreased) 1974
880 y(from) p Fs 19 w(4) p Ft(w) p Fs 2 w(\() p Ft(t) p
Fs(\)) p Ft(=) p Fs(3) p Fv 21 w(to) 20 b(1.) 2073 980
y(Using) g(\003uid-) n(\003o) n(w) g(appr) n(oximatio) n(n,) g(chan) n
(ge) f(of) g(TCP) h(windo) n(w) 1974 1079 y(size) p Ft
21 w(w) p Fs 2 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 22 w(includ) n(ing) g(the) g
(timeout) g(mecha) n(nism) h(is) g(mod) n(eled) f(as) p
Fs 2073 1301 a(_) p Ft -49 w(w) p Fs 85 w(=) 83 b(\(1) p
Fn 18 w(\000) p Ft 18 w(q) p Fs 3 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)\)) p
Ft 2690 1245 a(w) p Fs 2 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fn 20 w(\000) p
Ft 18 w(R) p Fs 1 w(\)) p 2690 1282 322 4 v Ft 2742 1358
a(w) p Fs 2 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Ft(R) p Fn 2357
1497 a(\000) p Ft 18 w(q) p Fs 3 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) 2584
1441 y(2) p 2584 1478 42 4 v 2584 1554 a(3) p Ft 2636
1497 a(w) p Fs 2 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Ft 2801 1441
a(w) p Fs 2 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fn 21 w(\000) p Ft 18 w(R) p
Fs 1 w(\)) p 2801 1478 322 4 v Ft 2931 1554 a(R) p Fn
3148 1497 a(f) p Fs -1 w(1) p Fn 18 w(\000) p Fr 18 w(p) p
Fq 3374 1509 a(TO) p Fs 3485 1497 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p
Fn(g) 2357 1674 y(\000) p Ft 18 w(q) p Fs 3 w(\() p Ft(t) p
Fs(\)) p Fm 2588 1557 a(\032) p Fs 2661 1618 a(4) p 2661
1655 42 4 v 2661 1731 a(3) p Ft 2712 1674 a(w) p Fs 2
w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fn 20 w(\000) p Fs 18 w(1) p
Fm 3012 1557 a(\033) p Ft 3098 1618 a(w) p Fs 2 w(\() p
Ft(t) p Fn 19 w(\000) p Ft 18 w(R) p Fs 1 w(\)) p 3098
1655 322 4 v Ft 3227 1731 a(R) p Fr 3429 1674 a(p) p
Fq 3471 1686 a(TO) p Fs 3582 1674 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p
Fv 3846 1489 a(\(1\)) 1974 1898 y(Here,) p Ft 17 w(q) p
Fs 3 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 19 w(is) 18 b(a) f(pack) o(et) g(loss)
h(pro) n(bability) f(in) g(the) g(netw) o(ork.) 23 b(More-) 1974
1998 y(o) o(v) o(e) n(r) m(,) p Fr 40 w(p) p Fq 2219
2010 a(TO) p Fs 2330 1998 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv
37 w(is) 37 b(the) f(pro) n(bability) g(that) g(a) g(pack) o(et) g
(loss) h(is) g(de-) 1974 2097 y(tected) 24 b(by) g(the) h(timeou) n(t) g
(mechanism) e(rather) h(than) g(recei) n(vin) n(g) h(du-) 1974
2197 y(plicate) 41 b(A) m(CKs,) 46 b(and) 41 b(can) g(be) g(app) n
(roximated) f(by) p Fr 40 w(p) p Fq 3611 2209 a(TO) p
Fs 3722 2197 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fn 62 w(') p Fs
1974 2296 a(min\(1) p Ft(;) p Fs 14 w(3) p Ft(=w) p Fs
2 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)\)) p Fv 39 w([11) n(].) 77 b(Finally) -5
b(,) p Ft 41 w(R) p Fv 39 w(is) 39 b(a) f(TCP) g(conn) n(ection') -5
b(s) 1974 2396 y(roun) n(d-trip) 19 b(time.) 2073 2496
y(The) 24 b(\002rst) h(term) e(on) h(the) g(right) f(side) i(of) e(Eq.)
h(\(1\)) f(models) g(an) h(in-) 1974 2595 y(crease) 29
b(of) g(one) f(pack) o(et) h(in) g(the) g(windo) l(w) h(size) f(per) g
(time) g(for) g(one) 1974 2695 y(roun) n(d-trip) 21 b(for) h(TCP) h(if)
f(pack) o(et) g(loss) g(does) g(not) g(occur) f(in) h(the) h(net-) 1974
2795 y(w) o(ork.) h(The) 18 b(second) g(term) h(of) g(the) g(right) f
(side) i(mod) n(els) g(an) f(decrea) n(se) 1974 2894
y(by) f(half) h(in) g(the) f(windo) n(w) g(size) i(if) f(a) g(pack) o
(et) f(loss) i(occu) n(rs) g(in) f(the) g(net-) 1974
2994 y(w) o(ork) 25 b(and) g(it) i(is) f(detected) f(by) g(recei) n
(ving) g(dup) n(licate) h(A) m(CKs.) 43 b(The) 1974 3093
y(third) 26 b(term) g(of) g(the) g(right) g(side) g(models) g(an) g
(decrease) g(to) g(1) h(in) f(the) 1974 3193 y(windo) l(w) c(size) h
(if) f(a) g(pack) m(et) h(loss) f(occur) n(s) h(in) f(the) f(netw) o
(ork) g(and) g(it) h(is) 1974 3293 y(detected) d(by) h(the) g(timeout) g
(mecha) n(nism.) 2073 3392 y(In) h(TCP) -9 b(,) 22 b(if) f(pack) o(et) g
(loss) g(does) g(not) g(occur) f(in) h(the) g(netw) o(ork,) f(the) 1974
3492 y(arri) n(v) n(a) n(l) 26 b(rate) f(of) g(A) m(CK) h(pack) o(ets) f
(will) h(equal) f(the) g(pre) n(vio) n(us) h(pack) m(et) 1974
3592 y(transmission) 15 b(rate) g(with) g(only) g(time) h(for) e(one) h
(roun) n(d-trip.) 23 b(Accor) n(d-) 1974 3691 y(ingly) -5
b(,) 24 b(assuming) p Ft 23 w(q) p Fs 3 w(\() p Ft(t) p
Fs(\)) p Fv 26 w(is) h(the) g(pack) m(et) g(loss) g(rate) g(in) f(the) h
(netw) o(or) n(k,) p Ft 1974 3791 a(x) p Fs(\() p Ft(t) p
Fs(\)) f(=) f(\(1) p Fn 7 w(\000) p Ft 7 w(q) p Fs 3
w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)\)) p Ft(y) p Fs 3 w(\() p Ft(t) p
Fn 7 w(\000) p Ft 7 w(R) p Fs 1 w(\)) p Fv 17 w(is) 18
b(established) f(with) g(the) g(arri) n(v) n(a) n(l) h(rate) p
Ft 1974 3890 a(x) p Fs(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 29 w(for) 28
b(A) m(CK) g(pack) o(ets) g(\(i.e.,) h(recei) n(vin) n(g) f(rate) g(by)
g(TCP\).) g(Thus,) 1974 3990 y(when) 21 b(inputs/ou) n(tputs) h(of) f
(the) h(TCP) h(cong) n(estion) f(contr) n(ol) g(mecha-) 1974
4090 y(nism) f(mode) n(l) h(gi) n(v) o(en) e(by) h(Eq.) 27
b(\(1\)) 20 b(are) h(standardiz) n(ed) g(to) h(the) f(pack) m(et) 1974
4189 y(transmission) 27 b(rate,) h(it) h(can) e(be) g(written) g(as) h
(the) f(follo) n(wing) f(equa-) 1974 4289 y(tion.) 39
b(Here,) 25 b(we) h(use) f(the) g(relation) p Ft 24 w(y) p
Fs 3 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) 32 b(=) p Ft 31 w(w) p Fs
2 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Ft(=R) p Fv 27 w(amon) n(g) 25
b(the) 1974 4389 y(TCP) j(windo) l(w) g(size) p Ft 28
w(w) p Fs 2 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv(,) j(the) c(pack) o(et) g
(transmission) f(rate) p Ft 28 w(y) p Fs 3 w(\() p Ft(t) p
Fs(\)) p Fv(,) 1974 4488 y(the) 20 b(roun) n(d-trip) f(time) p
Ft 21 w(R) p Fv 1 w(,) h(and) p Ft 20 w(z) p Fs 4 w(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) j(=) p Ft 22 w(y) p Fs 3 w(\() p Ft(t) p
Fn 19 w(\000) p Ft 18 w(R) p Fs 1 w(\)) p Fn 18 w(\000) p
Ft 18 w(x) p Fs(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv(.) p Fs 2147
4661 a(_) p Ft -38 w(y) p Fs 86 w(=) p Ft 82 w(g) p Fs
3 w(\() p Ft(x) p Fs(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Ft(;) 14
b(y) p Fs 3 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Ft(;) g(R) p Fs
1 w(\)) 2259 4809 y(=) p Ft 2465 4753 a(x) p Fs(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p 2416 4790 240 4 v Ft 2416 4866 a(y) p
Fs 3 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Ft(R) p Fl 2618 4842 a(2) p
Fn 2684 4809 a(\000) p Fs 2777 4753 a(2) p 2777 4790
42 4 v 2777 4866 a(3) p Ft 2828 4809 a(y) p Fs 3 w(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Ft(z) p Fs 4 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p
Fn 14 w(f) p Fs(1) p Fn 18 w(\000) p Fr 18 w(p) p Fq
3344 4821 a(TO) p Fs 3454 4809 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p
Fn(g) 2425 5007 y(\000) p Fm 2508 4890 a(\032) p Fs 2580
4951 a(4) p 2580 4988 V 2580 5064 a(3) p Ft 2632 5007
a(y) p Fs 3 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fn 18 w(\000) p
Fs 2892 4951 a(1) p 2881 4988 64 4 v Ft 2881 5064 a(R) p
Fm 2955 4890 a(\033) p Ft 3031 5007 a(z) p Fs 4 w(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fr(p) p Fq 3210 5019 a(TO) p Fs 3321
5007 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 3846 4860 a(\(2\)) 2073
5225 y(The) 25 b(follo) n(w) n(ing) g(assumption) n(s) h(are) e(made) g
(in) h(the) g(TCP) g(model) 1974 5325 y(prop) n(osed) j(in) h(the) g
(curre) n(nt) g(paper) -5 b(.) 50 b(First,) 31 b(all) f(TCP) f(conn) n
(ections) p dyy eop end
%%Page: 4 4
TeXDict begin 4 3 bop Fv -182 83 a(al) o(w) o(ays) 22
b(ha) n(v) o(e) f(data) h(to) f(transmit.) 30 b(Ne) o(xt,) 21
b(TCP) i(rou) n(nd-trip) e(time) p Ft 22 w(R) p Fv -182
183 a(is) h(mod) n(eled) f(as) h(a) f(constant.) 27 b(The) 20
b(TCP) i(roun) n(d-trip) e(time) h(is) h(gi) n(v) o(en) -182
282 y(by) c(the) h(sum) g(of) g(the) f(round) n(-trip) h(pro) n
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Fs 22 w(2) p Fr(max) p Fq 3742 1370 a(th) p Fs 2544 1458
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(a) g(pack) o(et) f(marking) g(pro) n(bability) g(of) p
Ft 21 w(p) p Fp 3815 1691 a(b) p Fs 3848 1679 a(\() p
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Fs 2 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv(,) i(means) d(loss) h(of) 1974
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1890 a(b) p Fs 3655 1878 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Ft(=) p
Fs(\(1) 13 b(+) p Ft 1974 1978 a(p) p Fp 2016 1990 a(b) p
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Fp 2855 2189 a(b) p Fs 2887 2177 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p
Ft(=) p Fs(3) p Fv 21 w([6]) n(.) 2073 2290 y(Equation) 35
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2489 y(RED) 31 b(router) -7 b(.) 57 b(The) 30 b(RED) h(router) n(') -5
b(s) 32 b(pack) m(et) g(mark) n(ing) e(prob) n(abil-) 1974
2588 y(ity) p Ft 33 w(p) p Fp 2137 2600 a(b) p Fs 2170
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27 w(max) p Fq 3707 2700 a(th) p Fv 3775 2688 a(,) h(and) p
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(host\)) e(can) h(be) g(e) o(xpre) n(ssed) -182 1180
y(\(Fig.) 60 b(1\)) 32 b(by) g(input) f(of) h(outpu) n(t) h(of) f(a) h
(mod) n(el) g(of) f(a) g(RED) h(router) -182 1279 y(\(place) n(d) 20
b(between) e(link) h(mod) n(els) h(as) g(necessary\)) e(to) i(a) f(TCP)
h(model.) -182 1379 y(Ho) n(we) n(v) m(er) m(,) h(the) h(follo) n(win) n
(g) g(assumption) n(s) h(are) e(made) g(with) h(respect) -182
1479 y(to) 17 b(A) m(CK) g(pack) o(ets) g(for) g(TCP) -9
b(.) 17 b(A) m(CK) h(pack) m(ets) g(are) f(smaller) g(than) g(data) -182
1578 y(pack) m(ets,) 30 b(so) e(cong) n(estion) f(does) g(not) g(occur)
g(in) g(the) h(path) n(w) o(ay) g(that) -182 1678 y(A) m(CK) 18
b(pack) m(ets) h(pass) f(throu) n(gh.) 24 b(That) 17
b(is,) i(queu) n(ing) e(delay) g(for) g(pack-) -182 1777
y(ets) 24 b(is) i(assumed) d(to) h(not) g(occur) f(in) h(the) h(rou) n
(ter) f(that) h(A) m(CK) f(pack) o(ets) -182 1877 y(pass) c(throug) n
(h.) -83 1977 y(Ne) o(xt,) f(instances) g(where) g(there) g(are) g
(multiple) f(links) i(conn) n(ected) -182 2076 y(to) i(the) g(RED) g
(as) h(e) o(xplain) n(ed) f(simply) g(in) g(Section) g(3.2) f(is) i(e) o
(xp) n(lained) -182 2176 y(in) 32 b(detail.) 59 b(First,) 36
b(when) 31 b(the) h(RED) g(router) f(has) h(multip) n(le) h(inpu) n(t)
-182 2276 y(links,) 25 b(this) g(is) g(modeled) e(as) i(\003o) n(w) g
(con) m(v) m(er) o(g) n(ence) f(from) g(indi) n(v) n(idual) -182
2375 y(inpu) n(t) f(links.) 31 b(Flo) n(w) 22 b(con) m(v) m(er) o(g) n
(ence) g(can) g(be) g(described) f(as) i(the) f(sum) -182
2475 y(of) 28 b(pack) o(et) g(transmission) f(rates) i(for) f(indi) n
(vid) n(ual) h(links.) 50 b(In) 28 b(other) -182 2574
y(w) o(ord) n(s,) 37 b(when) 32 b(the) g(transmission) g(rate) g(for) g
(each) h(\003o) n(w) f(is) p Ft 34 w(x) p Fp 1664 2586
a(i) p Fs 1692 2574 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv -182
2674 a(\() p Fs(1) p Fn 26 w(\024) p Ft 27 w(i) p Fn
27 w(\024) p Ft 27 w(N) p Fv 9 w(\)) 22 b(and) g(the) h(sum) f(of) g
(transmission) g(rates) h(is) p Ft 23 w(y) p Fs 3 w(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv(,) h(the) -182 2774 y(follo) l(wing) 30
b(equatio) n(n) g(is) h(established.) 53 b(This) 30 b(becomes) f
(possible) -182 2873 y(becau) n(se) 20 b(inputs/outp) n(uts) g(for) f
(the) h(mod) n(el) g(are) g(all) g(standard) n(ized) g(to) -182
2973 y(the) g(pack) o(et) f(transmission) h(rate.) p
Ft 466 3215 a(y) p Fs 3 w(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) 83 b(=) p
Fp 865 3111 a(N) p Fm 835 3136 a(X) p Fp 841 3313 a(i) p
Fl(=1) p Ft 968 3215 a(x) p Fp 1015 3227 a(i) p Fs 1044
3215 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 552 w(\(9\)) -83 3451
y(When) 35 b(the) g(RED) h(router) e(has) h(multiple) g(outpu) n(t) h
(links,) j(out-) -182 3550 y(put) 20 b(from) f(the) i(RED) g(router) e
(is) j(mode) n(led) f(throu) n(gh) f(distrib) n(ution) g(in) -182
3650 y(multip) n(le) e(\003o) n(ws.) 25 b(Flo) n(w) 17
b(distrib) n(ution) f(can) i(be) f(described) f(by) h(distri-) -182
3749 y(b) n(ution) e(of) i(1) f(pack) o(et) g(transmission) g(rate) p
Ft 17 w(N) p Fv 25 w(times.) 25 b(Here,) p Ft 17 w(N) p
Fv 25 w(is) 18 b(the) -182 3849 y(num) n(ber) 24 b(of) g(outpu) n(t) h
(links.) 38 b(When) 24 b(the) h(\003o) n(w) f(befor) n(e) h(distrib) n
(ution) -182 3949 y(is) p Ft 27 w(x) p Fs(\() p Ft(t) p
Fs(\)) p Fv(,) j(each) e(\003o) n(w) g(after) g(distrib) n(ution) f(is)
p Ft 27 w(y) p Fp 1151 3961 a(i) p Fs 1178 3949 a(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 27 w(\() p Fs(1) p Fn 34 w(\024) p
Ft 33 w(i) p Fn 34 w(\024) p Ft 33 w(N) p Fv 9 w(\),) -182
4048 y(and) g(each) g(\003o) n(w) h(distrib) n(ution) f(ratio) h(is) p
Ft 26 w(f) p Fp 1023 4060 a(i) p Fs 1051 4048 a(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 27 w(\() p Fs(1) p Fn 32 w(\024) p
Ft 34 w(i) p Fn 33 w(\024) p Ft 33 w(N) p Fv 9 w(\),) h(the) -182
4148 y(follo) l(wing) 20 b(equation) f(is) i(established.) p
Ft 453 4312 a(y) p Fp 494 4324 a(i) p Fs 521 4312 a(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) 84 b(=) p Ft 82 w(f) p Fp 887 4324 a(i) p
Fs 915 4312 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Ft(x) p Fs(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 498 w(\(10\)) -83 4476 y(The) 19
b(\003o) n(w) h(distrib) n(ution) e(ratio) p Ft 19 w(f) p
Fp 846 4488 a(i) p Fs 873 4476 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p
Fv 21 w(\() p Fs(1) p Fn 22 w(\024) p Ft 23 w(i) p Fn
22 w(\024) p Ft 23 w(N) p Fv 9 w(\)) i(in) f(Eq.) g(\(10\)) -182
4575 y(is) i(gi) n(v) o(e) n(n) g(by) p Ft 322 4807 a(f) p
Fp 363 4819 a(i) p Fs 390 4807 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) 84
b(=) p Fm 725 4666 a(P) p Fp 813 4753 a(s) p Fk 844 4736
a(0) p Fj 867 4753 a(2) p Fp(S) p Fi 953 4764 a(L) p
Fh(\() p Fi(i) p Fh(\)) p Ft 1081 4728 a(z) p Fp 1120
4740 a(s) p Fk 1151 4724 a(0) p Fs 1178 4728 a(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p 725 4788 547 4 v Fm 780 4801 a(P) p
Fp 867 4889 a(s) p Fj(2) p Fp(S) p Fi 984 4897 a(R) p
Ft 1049 4864 a(z) p Fp 1088 4876 a(s) p Fs 1123 4864
a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 1648 4807 a(\(11\)) -182
5026 y(Here,) p Ft 35 w(S) p Fp 87 5041 a(L) p Fl(\() p
Fp(i) p Fl(\)) p Fv 245 5026 a(is) 33 b(a) g(set) h(of) e(TCP) h(conne)
n(ctions) g(passing) f(throu) n(gh) -182 5126 y(the) 23
b(transmission) f(link) p Ft 23 w(i) p Fv(,) p Ft 23
w(S) p Fp 663 5138 a(R) p Fv 741 5126 a(is) i(a) g(set) f(of) g(TCP) h
(conn) n(ections) f(ac-) -182 5225 y(comm) n(odated) i(in) h(the) f
(RED) i(rou) n(ter) p Ft 26 w(R) p Fv 1 w(,) g(and) p
Ft 25 w(z) p Fp 1205 5237 a(s) p Fs 1240 5225 a(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 27 w(is) g(the) e(pack) o(et) -182
5325 y(transmission) 19 b(rate) h(of) g(the) g(TCP) h(connectio) n(n) p
Ft 20 w(s) p Fv 21 w(at) g(time) p Ft 20 w(t) p Fv(.) p
Fx 1974 83 a(4) 99 b(Steady) 26 b(State) g(Analysis) p
Fv 2073 319 a(In) 19 b(what) g(follo) l(ws,) h(using) e(analytic) g
(models) g(e) o(xplaine) n(d) h(in) g(Sec-) 1974 419
y(tion) k(3,) i(steady) f(state) g(analysis) g(is) h(perfo) n(rmed) e
(for) g(deri) n(vin) n(g) h(TCP) 1974 518 y(conn) n(ection') -5
b(s) 16 b(throug) n(hput,) g(the) h(rou) n(nd-trip) e(time,) i(and) f
(the) h(pack) m(et) 1974 618 y(loss) k(pro) n(bability) -5
b(.) 2073 724 y(W) e(e) 28 b(perf) n(orm) e(steady) f(state) i
(analysis) f(for) f(a) i(gen) n(eral) f(netw) o(ork) 1974
824 y(where) 15 b(the) g(num) n(ber) g(of) g(TCP) h(source) f(hosts) g
(is) p Ft 17 w(N) p Fv 9 w(,) h(and) f(the) g(numb) n(er) 1974
924 y(of) 22 b(RED) i(rou) n(ters) g(is) p Ft 24 w(M) p
Fv 9 w(,) f(and) f(the) h(numb) n(er) g(of) g(links) f(is) p
Ft 24 w(L) p Fv(.) 33 b(More-) 1974 1023 y(o) o(v) o(e) n(r) m(,) 18
b(a) g(RED) g(rou) n(ter) g(has) f(single) h(or) f(multiple) f
(input/ou) n(tput) h(links.) 1974 1123 y(When) 29 b(a) h(RED) g(router)
f(has) h(multiple) f(outp) n(ut) h(links,) i(the) d(output) 1974
1222 y(from) d(a) i(RED) g(rou) n(ter) g(is) g(distrib) n(uted) e
(accord) n(ing) h(to) h(the) f(numb) n(er) 1974 1322
y(of) h(outpu) n(t) i(links.) 50 b(The) 28 b(de\002nition) g(of) g
(symbo) n(ls) i(\(con) n(stants) g(and) 1974 1422 y(v) n(ariab) n
(les\)) 18 b(used) g(for) f(steady) h(state) g(analysis) g(is) h(sho) n
(wn) e(in) h(T) -7 b(able) 17 b(2.) p Fu 2073 1811 a(T) -7
b(ab) o(le) 22 b(2.) f(De\002nition) f(of) g(symbols) h(\(constant) n
(s) g(and) 2073 1911 y(v) n(ari) r(ab) o(les\)) i(used) g(f) n(or) g
(stead) o(y) f(state) h(anal) o(ysis) p 2086 2023 1745
4 v Ft 2141 2093 a(x) p Fp 2188 2063 a(T) 2188 2114 y(n) p
Fs 2241 2093 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 105 w(input) d(to) g(TCP) h
(\003o) n(w) p Ft 21 w(n) 2143 2193 y(y) p Fp 2187 2163
a(T) 2184 2213 y(n) p Fs 2239 2193 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p
Fv 107 w(output) e(from) h(TCP) h(\003o) n(w) p Ft 20
w(n) 2137 2293 y(R) p Fp 2200 2305 a(n) p Fs 2245 2293
a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 101 w(round) n(-trip) f(time) g(of) g(TCP) h
(\003o) n(w) p Ft 20 w(n) 2136 2392 y(x) p Fp 2183 2362
a(R) 2183 2413 y(m) p Fs 2246 2392 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p
Fv 100 w(input) f(to) g(RED) h(router) p Ft 19 w(m) 2139
2492 y(y) p Fp 2183 2462 a(R) 2180 2513 y(m) p Fs 2243
2492 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 103 w(output) e(from) h(RED) g(router)
p Ft 19 w(m) 2141 2592 y(c) p Fp 2177 2604 a(m) p Fs
2240 2592 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 106 w(processing) f(speed) h(of) g
(RED) h(rou) n(ter) p Ft 21 w(m) 2141 2691 y(q) p Fp
2178 2703 a(m) p Fs 2241 2691 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p
Fv 105 w(curren) n(t) g(queue) e(length) h(of) g(RED) g(router) p
Ft 19 w(m) p 2139 2745 41 4 v 2139 2791 a(q) p Fp 2179
2811 a(m) p Fs 2243 2791 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv
103 w(a) n(v) o(erage) f(queue) g(length) h(of) g(RED) g(router) p
Ft 19 w(m) 2139 2891 y(p) p Fp 2181 2903 a(m) p Fs 2243
2891 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 103 w(pack) o(et) g(loss) h(prob) n
(ability) f(of) g(RED) h(rou) n(ter) p Ft 21 w(m) 2207
2990 y(\034) p Fp 2243 3002 a(l) p Fv 2440 2990 a(propa) n(gation) e
(delay) h(of) g(link) p Ft 20 w(l) 2187 3090 y(L) p Fp
2244 3102 a(n) p Fv 2440 3090 a(set) h(of) f(links) h(that) f(TCP) h
(\003o) n(w) p Ft 20 w(n) p Fv 21 w(tra) n(v) o(er) n(ses) p
Ft 2181 3189 a(D) p Fp 2250 3201 a(n) p Fv 2440 3189
a(set) g(of) f(routers) g(that) g(TCP) h(\003o) n(w) p
Ft 20 w(n) p Fv 21 w(tra) n(v) o(erses) p 2086 3223 1745
4 v 2073 3442 a(First,) 29 b(from) c(Eq.) 43 b(\(2\),) 27
b(the) g(pack) m(et) g(outpu) n(t) g(rate) p Ft 27 w(y) p
Fp 3572 3412 a(T) 3569 3463 y(n) p Fs 3624 3442 a(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 27 w(of) f(the) 1974 3542 y(TCP) 18
b(\003o) n(w) p Ft 18 w(n) p Fv 17 w(\() p Fs(1) p Fn
23 w(\024) p Ft 22 w(n) p Fn 23 w(\024) p Ft 23 w(N) p
Fv 9 w(\)) f(at) h(time) p Ft 18 w(t) p Fv 18 w(is) g(gi) n(v) o(en) e
(by) h(the) h(follo) n(w) n(ing) 1974 3641 y(equatio) n(n.) p
Ft 2342 3822 a(d) p 2324 3859 78 4 v Fr 2324 3935 a(dt) p
Ft 2412 3878 a(y) p Fp 2456 3844 a(T) 2453 3898 y(n) p
Fs 2508 3878 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) 84 b(=) p Ft 82 w(g) p
Fs 3 w(\() p Ft(x) p Fp 2955 3844 a(T) 2955 3898 y(n) p
Fs 3008 3878 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Ft(;) 14 b(y) p
Fp 3183 3844 a(T) 3180 3898 y(n) p Fs 3235 3878 a(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Ft(;) g(R) p Fp 3429 3890 a(n) p Fs
3475 3878 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)\)) p Fv 203 w(\(12\)) 2073
4109 y(The) 19 b(roun) n(d-trip) f(time) p Ft 19 w(R) p
Fp 2808 4121 a(n) p Fs 2853 4109 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p
Fv 20 w(of) h(the) f(TCP) i(\003o) n(w) p Ft 19 w(n) p
Fv 19 w(in) f(Eq.) 24 b(\(12\)) 1974 4208 y(is) d(gi) n(v) o(en) e(by) h
(the) g(follo) n(win) n(g) g(equation) n(.) p Ft 2362
4449 a(R) p Fp 2425 4461 a(n) p Fs 2470 4449 a(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) 84 b(=) p Fm 2811 4371 a(X) p Fp 2795
4549 a(l) p Fj(2) p Fp(L) p Fi 2907 4557 a(n) p Ft 2961
4449 a(\034) p Fp 2997 4461 a(l) p Fs 3042 4449 a(+) p
Fm 3164 4371 a(X) p Fp 3125 4549 a(m) p Fj(2) p Fp(D) p
Fi 3283 4557 a(n) p 3347 4348 41 4 v Ft 3347 4393 a(q) p
Fp 3387 4414 a(m) p Fs 3450 4393 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p
3347 4430 198 4 v Ft 3349 4506 a(c) p Fp 3385 4518 a(m) p
Fs 3448 4506 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 3804 4449 a(\(13\)) 1974
4727 y(Namely) -5 b(,) 21 b(the) h(roun) n(d-trip) f(time) h(of) g(the)
g(TCP) h(\003o) n(w) p Ft 22 w(n) p Fv 22 w(is) g(gi) n(v) o(en) e(the)
1974 4827 y(sum) 26 b(of) g(pro) n(pagatio) n(n) h(delay) e(at) i(all) f
(links) h(that) f(TCP) h(\003o) n(w) p Ft 26 w(n) p Fv
26 w(tra-) 1974 4926 y(v) o(erses,) d(and) f(queuin) n(g) h(delays) g
(at) g(all) h(rou) n(ters) g(that) f(the) f(TCP) i(\003o) n(w) p
Ft 1974 5026 a(n) p Fv 22 w(tra) n(v) o(er) n(ses.) 30
b(The) 21 b(queu) n(ing) g(delay) g(at) h(a) g(RED) g(router) e(is) i
(gi) n(v) o(en) f(by) 1974 5126 y(the) h(a) n(v) o(erage) g(que) n(ue) h
(length) p 2828 5080 41 4 v Ft 21 w(q) p Fv 26 w(and) f(the) h(proc) n
(essing) g(speed) p Ft 22 w(c) p Fp 3785 5138 a(m) p
Fs 3848 5126 a(\() p Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 1974 5225 a(of) e(the) g(RED) h
(router) -7 b(.) 29 b(Here,) 22 b(the) f(proc) n(essing) h(speed) p
Ft 21 w(c) p Fp 3571 5237 a(m) p Fs 3634 5225 a(\() p
Ft(t) p Fs(\)) p Fv 22 w(of) f(the) 1974 5325 y(RED) g(rou) n(ter) p
Ft 21 w(m) p Fv 20 w(is) g(assumed) f(to) g(be) h(kno) l(wn.) p
dyy eop end
%%Page: 6 6
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Ft 25 w(y) p Fp 1410 53 a(R) 1407 104 y(m) p Fs 1470
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657 y(The) 25 b(pack) m(et) h(loss) g(prob) n(ability) p
Ft 25 w(p) p Fp 801 669 a(m) p Fs 864 657 a(\() p Ft(t) p
Fs(\)) p Fv 27 w(of) f(the) g(RED) h(router) p Ft 24
w(m) p Fv 26 w(in) -182 757 y(Eq.) e(\(14\)) 19 b(is) j(gi) n(v) o(e) n
(n) e(by) g(Eqs.) 25 b(\(4\)-\() n(7\).) -83 859 y(From) 30
b(these) h(obser) n(v) n(ations,) h(the) f(v) n(alue) e(of) h(each) h
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Fv 26 w(be) p 1662 1112 41 4 v Ft 25 w(q) p Fj 1703 1126
a(\003) p Fp 1703 1178 a(m) p Fv 1766 1158 a(,) -182
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Fp 1516 1278 a(m) p Fv 1579 1257 a(.) 57 b(The) -182
1357 y(thro) n(ughp) n(ut) p Ft 23 w(T) p Fp 254 1369
a(n) p Fv 322 1357 a(and) 22 b(roun) n(d-trip) g(time) p
Fr 23 w(R) -6 b(TT) p Fp 1180 1369 a(n) p Fv 1248 1357
a(of) 23 b(the) f(TCP) i(\003o) n(w) p Ft -182 1456 a(n) p
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1920 a(n) p Ft 866 1813 a(\034) p Fp 902 1825 a(l) p
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a(\(1) p Fn 18 w(\000) p Ft 18 w(p) p Fj 1198 3347 a(\003) p
Fp 1198 3402 a(m) p Fs 1261 3381 a(\)) p Fv 355 w(\(17\)) -182
3650 y(The) 34 b(pack) o(et) g(loss) i(pro) n(bability) p
Ft 34 w(p) p Fj 839 3620 a(\003) p Fp 839 3671 a(m) p
Fv 937 3650 a(of) f(the) g(RED) g(router) p Ft 34 w(m) p
Fv 35 w(in) -182 3750 y(steady) 23 b(state) h(can) f(be) g(easily) h
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3850 y(length) p 47 3804 41 4 v Ft 20 w(q) p Fj 87 3818
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b(The) 21 b(second) -182 3949 y(term) 26 b(of) h(the) g(righ) n(t) h
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(abil-) -182 4049 y(ity) 22 b(that) f(a) i(pack) m(et) g(loss) f(does) g
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4148 y(the) e(TCP) h(\003o) n(w) p Ft 21 w(n) p Fv 22
w(tra) n(v) o(erses.) 28 b(Ther) n(efore,) 21 b(the) g(end-to) n(-end) f
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Ft 26 w(P) p Fp 418 4260 a(n) p Fv 490 4248 a(of) f(the) h(TCP) g
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(tic) -182 5126 y(app) n(roach) j(by) h(comp) n(aring) f(analytic) g
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b(and) f(simulation) f(results) h(obtain) n(ed) g(by) f(netw) o(ork) g
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/MinFeature {16 16} def
/password 5839 def
/ND {def} def
/NP {put} def
/lenIV -1 def
/RD {string currentfile exch readhexstring pop} def

2 index /CharStrings 256 dict dup begin
/.notdef 4 RD 
8b8b0d0e ND 
/T 45 RD 
aeff000004dc0df87f16ff0000051107fc7f06f74307ff0000049606fb43
07fc7f06fffffffaef07fb5406090e ND 
/C 188 RD 
e3ff000005c00dfae3f89d15f7555c0563fb3541fb0e2137082237fb1562
fb2e8b08fb318bfb14aa27cc0828ca40e757f70e0858f70c71f7188bf720
088bf72aa8f717c4f70608c5f705dde2f700c608f6c5f709a8f7148c08f7
268af70f65ed4108ef3fd022b2fb1c08fb555f0569f25ad74bbb084bba3a
a3288c08fb038a2e713f5608405656436c34086d317b308b2d088bfb0f9e
21af3108b02fc447d85f08d95ddf76e58c08f7018ae8a9d8c908d8c7bee6
a5f70d088b06090e ND 
/P 125 RD 
f732ff000005570d8b16ff000005c007f8b506eb8ad586bd8308d27ec672
bc6b08bb68b15ba94f08a84e9a488b43088bfb1364203c35083e33fb2261
fb608c08fc0706fce807fb5406f754f99715f80c06f7118ae2a2c0ba08c0
b9a4ce8be0088bc77bc06db7086cb763a8589b086a925090348c08fc0806
fca207090e ND 
/parenleft 95 RD 
f70ff93f0df7f2fc271529f70e38f72248f7380847f73769f73e8bf74608
8bf72da4f729bdf72208c6f737e7f739f710f73808f70f063bfb1d552b71
520863306c2e732a086efb0e7dfb0f8bfb0e088bfbceeffbccf75afbcb08
fb0f06090e ND 
/one 62 RD 
f778ff000004730df8b316fb4306ff0000047b075f60516143630842614b
6c527808f74207f2b9e3c4d8cf08d8cec0ccabcc08f70506fffffffa4007
090e ND 
/parenright 97 RD 
f720f93f0df70ffc2715fb0f06f75cf7cbedf7cc8bf7ce088bf70d7df70d
6ef70e0875eb6ce861e60872c555ed3af71e08f70f06f710fb38e5fb39c7
fb3708befb22a4fb298bfb2d088bfb4669fb3e47fb370848fb3837fb222a
fb0e088b06090e ND 
end
end
put
put
dup /FontName get exch definefont pop
end
/TTC7Ao00 findfont /Encoding get
dup 1 /T put
dup 2 /C put
dup 3 /P put
dup 4 /parenleft put
dup 5 /one put
dup 6 /parenright put
pop
Pscript_WinNT_Incr begin
%%BeginResource: file Pscript_Text 5.0 0
/TextInit{TextInitialised? not{/Pscript_Windows_Font & d/TextInitialised? T d
/fM[1 0 0 1 0 0]d/mFM matrix d/iMat[1 0 0.212557 1 0 0]d}if}b/copyfont{1 ^
length add dict `{1 ^/FID ne{d}{! !}?}forall & E}b/EncodeDict 11 dict d/bullets
{{/bullet}repeat}b/rF{3 copyfont @ ` ~ EncodeDict ~ get/Encoding ~ 3 ^/0 eq{&
/CharStrings known{CharStrings/Eth known not{! EncodeDict/ANSIEncodingOld get}
if}if}if d E}b/mF{@ 7 1 $ findfont ~{@/Encoding get @ StandardEncoding eq{! T}{
{ISOLatin1Encoding}stopped{! F}{eq}?{T}{@ ` T 32 1 127{Encoding 1 ^ get
StandardEncoding 3 -1 $ get eq and}for E}?}?}{F}?{1 ^ ~ rF}{0 copyfont}? 6 -2 $
! ! ~ !/pd_charset @ where{~ get 128 eq{@ FDV 2 copy get @ length array copy
put pd_CoverFCRange}if}{!}? 2 ^ ~ definefont fM 5 4 -1 $ put fM 4 0 put fM
makefont Pscript_Windows_Font 3 1 $ put}b/sLT{: Lw -M currentpoint snap M 0 - 0
Lc K ;}b/xUP null d/yUP null d/uW null d/xSP null d/ySP null d/sW null d/sSU{N
/uW ~ d/yUP ~ d/xUP ~ d}b/sU{xUP yUP uW sLT}b/sST{N/sW ~ d/ySP ~ d/xSP ~ d}b/sT
{xSP ySP sW sLT}b/sR{: + R 0 0 M}b/sRxy{: matrix astore concat 0 0 M}b/eR/; , d
/AddOrigFP{{&/FontInfo known{&/FontInfo get length 6 add}{6}? dict `
/WinPitchAndFamily ~ d/WinCharSet ~ d/OrigFontType ~ d/OrigFontStyle ~ d
/OrigFontName ~ d & E/FontInfo ~ d}{! ! ! ! !}?}b/mFS{makefont
Pscript_Windows_Font 3 1 $ put}b/mF42D{0 copyfont `/FontName ~ d 2 copy ~ sub 1
add dict `/.notdef 0 d 2 copy 1 ~{@ 3 ^ sub Encoding ~ get ~ d}for & E
/CharStrings ~ d ! ! & @ E/FontName get ~ definefont}b/mF42{15 dict ` @ 4 1 $
FontName ~ d/FontType 0 d/FMapType 2 d/FontMatrix[1 0 0 1 0 0]d 1 ^ 254 add 255
idiv @ array/Encoding ~ d 0 1 3 -1 $ 1 sub{@ Encoding 3 1 $ put}for/FDepVector
Encoding length array d/CharStrings 2 dict `/.notdef 0 d & E d 0 1 Encoding
length 1 sub{@ @ 10 lt{! FontName length 1 add string}{100 lt{FontName length 2
add string}{FontName length 3 add string}?}? @ 0 FontName @ length string cvs
putinterval @ 3 -1 $ @ 4 1 $ 3 string cvs FontName length ~ putinterval cvn 1 ^
256 mul @ 255 add 3 -1 $ 4 ^ findfont mF42D FDepVector 3 1 $ put}for & @ E
/FontName get ~ definefont ! ! ! mF}b/mF_OTF_V{~ ! ~ ! 4 -1 $ ! findfont 2 ^ ~
definefont fM @ @ 4 6 -1 $ neg put 5 0 put 90 matrix R matrix concatmatrix
makefont Pscript_Windows_Font 3 1 $ put}b/mF_TTF_V{3{~ !}repeat 3 -1 $ !
findfont 1 ^ ~ definefont Pscript_Windows_Font 3 1 $ put}b/UmF{L2?
{Pscript_Windows_Font ~ undef}{!}?}b/UmF42{@ findfont/FDepVector get{/FontName
get undefinefont}forall undefinefont}b
%%EndResource
end reinitialize
F /F0 0 /0 F /TTC7Ao00 mF 
/F0S74YFFFFFF8B F0 [116.887 0 0 -116.875 0 0 ] mFS
F0S74YFFFFFF8B Ji 
763 263 M <010203040506>[70 84 78 39 65  0]xS 
N 697 575 M 676 575 658 592 658 614 -c 658 771 I 658 792 676 810 697 810 -c 1202 810 I 1224 810 1241 792 1241 771 -c 1241 614 I 1241 592 1224 575 1202 575 -c C 
: 0.059 0.059 +S K 
; 753 735 M <01020304>[70 84 78  0]xS 

systemdict begin
/TTC7Ao00 
findfont dup
/Private get begin
/CharStrings get begin
/N 64 RD 
f732ff000005c00d8b16ff000005c007f76206f99bfffffffb8105ff0000
047f07f75506fffffffa4007fb6206fd9cff0000047f05fffffffb8107fb
5406090e ND 
end end
end
/TTC7Ao00 findfont /Encoding get
dup 7 /N put
pop
1024 735 M <07>S 
1108 735 M <06>S 
200 Lw N 1499 1566 M 1478 1566 1460 1584 1460 1605 -c 1460 1761 I 1460 1783 1478 1800 1499 1800 -c 2005 1800 I 2026 1800 2044 1783 2044 1761 -c 2044 1605 I 2044 1584 2026 1566 2005 1566 -c C 
: 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; 1524 1726 M <01020304>[71 84 77  0]xS 

systemdict begin
/TTC7Ao00 
findfont dup
/Private get begin
/CharStrings get begin
/two 162 RD 
c0ff000004730dfa57f74315fb4307fe570689b692b49ab508a6cdb3ccc3
cb08c3c9d8d2eddb08f72df715f5efc1d608c3d4a7d28bd0088bcf70c457
bb0856ba47a4378c08328a4475556008575f6f4f8a3f08fb439d0598f715
baefddd108decff702aef71e8c08f7208af70463dc3d08dd3cb4298bfb08
088b4f80517552087551664f564c08584c3235fb1222082031424f666c08
676b6e6c726c08f97306090e ND 
end end
end
/TTC7Ao00 findfont /Encoding get
dup 8 /two put
pop
1795 1726 M <08>S 
1860 1726 M <0706>[84  0]xS 
N 1500 1094 M 1478 1094 1460 1111 1460 1133 -c 1460 1290 I 1460 1311 1478 1329 1500 1329 -c 2004 1329 I 2026 1329 2044 1311 2044 1290 -c 2044 1133 I 2044 1111 2026 1094 2004 1094 -c C 
: 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; 1490 1255 M <01020304>[71 84 77  0]xS 

systemdict begin
/TTC7Ao00 
findfont dup
/Private get begin
/CharStrings get begin
/plus 50 RD 
f4ff000004a70df827f77815f82707fc2706f74307f82706f82707f74306
fc2707f82706fb4307fc2706fc2707fb4306090e ND 
end end
end
/TTC7Ao00 findfont /Encoding get
dup 9 /plus put
pop
1761 1255 M <070905>[84 68  0]xS 
1978 1255 M <06>S 
400 Lw N 1593 572 M 1572 572 1554 589 1554 611 -c 1554 768 I 1554 789 1572 807 1593 807 -c 1945 807 I 1967 807 1984 789 1984 768 -c 1984 611 I 1984 589 1967 572 1945 572 -c C 
: 0.059 0.059 +S K 
; 
systemdict begin
/TTC7Ao00 
findfont dup
/Private get begin
/CharStrings get begin
/R 172 RD 
f732ff000005c00d8b16ff000005c007f91d06f7178af07ecf7008cf70c2
5cb34808b5479f428b3a088b216a324744084742235dfb227a08bc6fb071
a37308c153be4cbd4408f78efc2205fb7506fb57f7c40552e25dce66ba08
67b96aac6d9d086f9d6d986c9308768f668d598c08fb7606fd1c07fb5406
f754f9cc15f83706e589d194be9e08c09cb2a8a5b208a7b298b58bbb088b
cd72c356b70858b739a1fb048c08fc6606fc6d07090e ND 
/o 155 RD 
e3ff000004730df8aa048bf757c0f725f4e908e4d9f6b2f7138c08f7238a
f7075be52d08e42bb8fb188bfb3a088bfb1d78fb00633f08643c514f3e60
083f5f3877318b08fb238bfb08b932eb0833e95ef71d8bf747088b06f743
168bfb13a82cc54e08c54bd56de28c08e38ad4a9c5cb08c7c9a7ec8bf716
088bf70c6fe74fcb0850c943ab338c08348a416b514e08514b6e2d8bfb11
088b06090e ND 
/u 117 RD 
f720ff000004730df94016f74a0739fb1afb0149fb1f8b084e8b529656a3
0857a263a971b00872af78b880c10884ae88c38bd908f92607f74306fcd5
078b2e904c916d08975ba367b17108b071b87ec28c08c18abf98bba608bb
a5aeb19fba089fb995cf8be408f8c207f74306fec107fb4306090e ND 
/t 108 RD 
9df8d60df890f732159cfb330559805d85638b084a8b5895679f08689f72
a57cac087cac84d08bf508f8e707fb2006f74307f72006f79b07f743f700
05fc0707f75506fb4307fb5506fce8078b588e6c927e08917b96809b8408
9a82a188a78c08a18aa78bae8c088b06090e ND 
/e 166 RD 
d1ff000004730df9c9f7e115f74079056e2053393a52083a50246ffb138b
08fb328bfb12b92eeb082fe95cf71a8bf741088bf745baf71ee9ee08eaec
f70dbcf7298c08f7258af70a5be72c08e72ab9fb1a8bfb41088b808b7a8a
7808fdcb0692fb02af39cb5208ca52db6fea8c08d28ac898bda708bda7b3
b7a8ca088b06fd1af7e115f91d0682d173c161b0084dc23aa7268c08318a
3e744e5f084e5e69508442088b06090e ND 
/r 77 RD 
f720f93f0d8b16fac107f73206fb3107b3d1b1b9ada208ada1b097b38c08
c68ac77ac86a084efb370561a46098618c08658a697f6d73086c73756a7e
6108774a81438b4008fcc707fb4306090e ND 
end end
end
/TTC7Ao00 findfont /Encoding get
dup 10 /R put
dup 11 /o put
dup 12 /u put
dup 13 /t put
dup 14 /e put
dup 15 /r put
pop
1597 732 M <0A0B0C0D0E0F>[84 64 65 32 65  0]xS 
100 Lw N 4045 102 M 4024 102 4006 120 4006 142 -c 4006 298 I 4006 320 4024 337 4045 337 -c 4532 337 I 4554 337 4572 320 4572 298 -c 4572 142 I 4572 120 4554 102 4532 102 -c C 
: 0.246 0.246 +S K 
; 
systemdict begin
/TTC7Ao00 
findfont dup
/Private get begin
/CharStrings get begin
/D 158 RD 
f732ff000005c00d8b16ff000005c007f89206f7088ae383c77e08e077d5
68c65908da48c537b22608b3249dfb088bfb16088bfb057e277136087033
6b4461530861525f5e596b085b6b5071457c08467a3b84318b08fcaa06f7
54f74315f7d506f08ad994c49d08c49db8a4abad08bbb8b0c8a5da08a5d8
98ea8bf704088bf72c72f70957df0857dd4cc340a708579f3495fb0a8c08
fbd106fef607090e ND 
/s 240 RD 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 ND 
end end
end
/TTC7Ao00 findfont /Encoding get
dup 16 /D put
dup 17 /s put
pop
4099 263 M <100E110D040506>[84 65 59 32 39 64  0]xS 
N 4035 575 M 4013 575 3996 592 3996 614 -c 3996 771 I 3996 792 4013 810 4035 810 -c 4532 810 I 4554 810 4572 792 4572 771 -c 4572 614 I 4572 592 4554 575 4532 575 -c C 
: 0.246 0.246 +S K 
; 4084 735 M <100E110D04>[84 65 59 32  0]xS 
4363 735 M <07>S 
4447 735 M <06>S 
N 4045 1094 M 4024 1094 4006 1111 4006 1133 -c 4006 1289 I 4006 1311 4024 1328 4045 1328 -c 4543 1328 I 4565 1328 4582 1311 4582 1289 -c 4582 1133 I 4582 1111 4565 1094 4543 1094 -c C 
: 0.246 0.246 +S K 
; 4029 1255 M <100E110D0407>[83 65 59 32 39  0]xS 
4391 1255 M <09>S 
4459 1255 M <0506>[63  0]xS 
N 4045 1566 M 4024 1566 4006 1584 4006 1606 -c 4006 1762 I 4006 1784 4024 1802 4045 1802 -c 4544 1802 I 4565 1802 4583 1784 4583 1762 -c 4583 1606 I 4583 1584 4565 1566 4544 1566 -c C 
: 0.246 0.246 +S K 
; 4063 1726 M <100E110D04>[84 65 59 32  0]xS 
4342 1726 M <0807>[65  0]xS 
4491 1726 M <06>S 
0 Lc 600 Lw N 1255 220 M 1541 689 I : 0.059 0.059 +S K 
; N 1254 692 M 1541 689 I : 0.059 0.059 +S K 
; 300 Lw N 2056 1684 M 2438 692 I : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; N 2056 1211 M 2438 692 I : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; N 3636 689 M 3994 1684 I : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; N 3994 220 M 3636 689 I : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; N 3636 689 M 3994 1211 I : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; N 3636 689 M 3983 692 I : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; 
systemdict begin
/TTC7Ao00 
findfont dup
/Private get begin
/CharStrings get begin
/bracketleft 40 RD 
f70ff8d60dfc2704ff0000075307f81506fb4307fb6606fffffffa0b07f7
6606fb4307fc1506090e ND 
end end
end
/TTC7Ao00 findfont /Encoding get
dup 18 /bracketleft put
pop
1570 528 M <12>S 

systemdict begin
/TTC7Ao00 
findfont dup
/Private get begin
/CharStrings get begin
/E 51 RD 
f732ff000005570d8b16ff000005c007fac106fb4307fe0106fc4a07f9cc
06fb4407fdcc06fc9007fa2406fb4307fee406090e ND 
end end
end
/TTC7Ao00 findfont /Encoding get
dup 19 /E put
pop
1603 528 M <0A131005>[84 77 84  0]xS 

systemdict begin
/TTC7Ao00 
findfont dup
/Private get begin
/CharStrings get begin
/bracketright 41 RD 
d1f8d60df816fc2715fc1606f74307f76606ff000005f507fb6606f74307
f81606fffffff8ad07090e ND 
end end
end
/TTC7Ao00 findfont /Encoding get
dup 20 /bracketright put
pop
1913 528 M <14>S 
1 Lc 200 Lw N 3231 572 M 3210 572 3192 589 3192 611 -c 3192 768 I 3192 789 3210 807 3231 807 -c 3584 807 I 3606 807 3624 789 3624 768 -c 3624 611 I 3624 589 3606 572 3584 572 -c C 
: 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; 3234 732 M <0A0B0C0D0E0F>[84 65 65 32 65  0]xS 
2466 528 M <12>S 
2499 528 M <0A131008>[84 77 84  0]xS 
2809 528 M <14>S 
N 2489 575 M 2468 575 2450 592 2450 614 -c 2450 771 I 2450 792 2468 810 2489 810 -c 2842 810 I 2864 810 2881 792 2881 771 -c 2881 614 I 2881 592 2864 575 2842 575 -c C 
: 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; 2493 735 M <0A0B0C0D0E0F>[84 65 64 32 65  0]xS 
0 Lc 150 Lw N 1997 689 M 2438 692 I : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; N 2894 692 M 3180 689 I : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; N 4314 386 M 4301 386 4291 397 4291 410 -c 4291 423 4301 433 4314 433 -c 4327 433 4338 423 4338 410 -c 4338 397 4327 386 4314 386 -c C 
 O 1 Lc 50 Lw N 4314 386 M 4301 386 4291 397 4291 410 -c 4291 423 4301 433 4314 433 -c 4327 433 4338 423 4338 410 -c 4338 397 4327 386 4314 386 -c : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; N 4314 481 M 4301 481 4291 491 4291 504 -c 4291 517 4301 528 4314 528 -c 4327 528 4338 517 4338 504 -c 4338 491 4327 481 4314 481 -c C 
 O N 4314 481 M 4301 481 4291 491 4291 504 -c 4291 517 4301 528 4314 528 -c 4327 528 4338 517 4338 504 -c 4338 491 4327 481 4314 481 -c : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; N 966 386 M 953 386 943 397 943 410 -c 943 423 953 433 966 433 -c 979 433 990 423 990 410 -c 990 397 979 386 966 386 -c C 
 O 100 Lw N 966 386 M 953 386 943 397 943 410 -c 943 423 953 433 966 433 -c 979 433 990 423 990 410 -c 990 397 979 386 966 386 -c : 0.059 0.059 +S K 
; N 965 481 M 952 481 942 491 942 504 -c 942 517 952 528 965 528 -c 978 528 989 517 989 504 -c 989 491 978 481 965 481 -c C 
 O N 965 481 M 952 481 942 491 942 504 -c 942 517 952 528 965 528 -c 978 528 989 517 989 504 -c 989 491 978 481 965 481 -c : 0.059 0.059 +S K 
; N 1767 1377 M 1754 1377 1743 1387 1743 1400 -c 1743 1413 1754 1424 1767 1424 -c 1779 1424 1790 1413 1790 1400 -c 1790 1387 1779 1377 1767 1377 -c C 
 O 50 Lw N 1767 1377 M 1754 1377 1743 1387 1743 1400 -c 1743 1413 1754 1424 1767 1424 -c 1779 1424 1790 1413 1790 1400 -c 1790 1387 1779 1377 1767 1377 -c : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; N 1766 1472 M 1753 1472 1742 1482 1742 1495 -c 1742 1508 1753 1518 1766 1518 -c 1778 1518 1789 1508 1789 1495 -c 1789 1482 1778 1472 1766 1472 -c C 
 O N 1766 1472 M 1753 1472 1742 1482 1742 1495 -c 1742 1508 1753 1518 1766 1518 -c 1778 1518 1789 1508 1789 1495 -c 1789 1482 1778 1472 1766 1472 -c : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; N 4312 1377 M 4299 1377 4289 1387 4289 1400 -c 4289 1413 4299 1424 4312 1424 -c 4325 1424 4336 1413 4336 1400 -c 4336 1387 4325 1377 4312 1377 -c C 
 O N 4312 1377 M 4299 1377 4289 1387 4289 1400 -c 4289 1413 4299 1424 4312 1424 -c 4325 1424 4336 1413 4336 1400 -c 4336 1387 4325 1377 4312 1377 -c : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; N 4311 1472 M 4298 1472 4288 1482 4288 1495 -c 4288 1508 4298 1518 4311 1518 -c 4324 1518 4335 1508 4335 1495 -c 4335 1482 4324 1472 4311 1472 -c C 
 O N 4311 1472 M 4298 1472 4288 1482 4288 1495 -c 4288 1508 4298 1518 4311 1518 -c 4324 1518 4335 1508 4335 1495 -c 4335 1482 4324 1472 4311 1472 -c : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; 2 Lj 0 Lc 8 Lw : 506 0 919 918 rc N 1263 18 M 1245 18 I 1245 -1 I 1263 -1 I 1263 18 I C 
1226 18 M 1207 18 I 1207 -1 I 1226 -1 I 1226 18 I C 
1188 18 M 1170 18 I 1170 -1 I 1188 -1 I 1188 18 I C 
1151 18 M 1132 18 I 1132 -1 I 1151 -1 I 1151 18 I C 
1114 18 M 1095 18 I 1095 -1 I 1114 -1 I 1114 18 I C 
1076 18 M 1058 18 I 1058 -1 I 1076 -1 I 1076 18 I C 
1039 18 M 1020 18 I 1020 -1 I 1039 -1 I 1039 18 I C 
1001 18 M 983 18 I 983 -1 I 1001 -1 I 1001 18 I C 
964 18 M 945 18 I 945 -1 I 964 -1 I 964 18 I C 
927 18 M 908 18 I 908 -1 I 927 -1 I 927 18 I C 
889 18 M 870 18 I 870 -1 I 889 -1 I 889 18 I C 
852 18 M 833 18 I 833 -1 I 852 -1 I 852 18 I C 
814 18 M 796 18 I 796 -1 I 814 -1 I 814 18 I C 
777 18 M 758 18 I 758 -1 I 777 -1 I 777 18 I C 
739 18 M 721 18 I 721 -1 I 739 -1 I 739 18 I C 
702 18 M 683 18 I 683 -1 I 702 -1 I 702 18 I C 
665 18 M 659 18 I 651 19 I 647 19 I 645 1 I 650 0 I 658 -1 I 664 -1 I 665 18 I C 
630 23 M 624 24 I 613 28 I 607 11 I 619 6 I 625 5 I 630 23 I C 
598 36 M 587 42 I 583 45 I 572 30 I 578 26 I 588 20 I 598 36 I C 
569 57 M 567 59 I 558 69 I 558 69 I 543 58 I 544 57 I 554 45 I 557 43 I 569 57 I C 
547 84 M 543 92 I 539 99 I 522 91 I 527 82 I 532 74 I 547 84 I C 
533 116 M 532 117 I 529 130 I 529 132 I 510 129 I 511 126 I 515 111 I 515 110 I 533 116 I C 
526 150 M 526 151 I 526 158 I 526 168 I 507 168 I 507 158 I 508 150 I 508 149 I 526 150 I C 
526 187 M 526 206 I 507 206 I 507 187 I 526 187 I C 
526 224 M 526 243 I 507 243 I 507 224 I 526 224 I C 
526 262 M 526 281 I 507 281 I 507 262 I 526 262 I C 
526 299 M 526 318 I 507 318 I 507 299 I 526 299 I C 
526 337 M 526 355 I 507 355 I 507 337 I 526 337 I C 
526 374 M 526 393 I 507 393 I 507 374 I 526 374 I C 
526 412 M 526 430 I 507 430 I 507 412 I 526 412 I C 
526 449 M 526 468 I 507 468 I 507 449 I 526 449 I C 
526 487 M 526 505 I 507 505 I 507 487 I 526 487 I C 
526 524 M 526 543 I 507 543 I 507 524 I 526 524 I C 
526 562 M 526 580 I 507 580 I 507 562 I 526 562 I C 
526 599 M 526 618 I 507 618 I 507 599 I 526 599 I C 
526 636 M 526 655 I 507 655 I 507 636 I 526 636 I C 
526 674 M 526 693 I 507 693 I 507 674 I 526 674 I C 
526 711 M 526 730 I 507 730 I 507 711 I 526 711 I C 
526 749 M 526 756 I 526 764 I 527 767 I 508 768 I 507 764 I 507 756 I 507 749 I 526 749 I C 
529 785 M 529 785 I 533 798 I 534 801 I 516 807 I 514 803 I 510 788 I 510 788 I 529 785 I C 
540 817 M 543 823 I 549 833 I 533 843 I 526 831 I 523 826 I 540 817 I C 
559 846 M 567 856 I 571 859 I 559 873 I 553 868 I 545 859 I 559 846 I C 
585 870 M 588 873 I 600 880 I 600 880 I 592 896 I 590 896 I 577 888 I 574 885 I 585 870 I C 
616 887 M 625 890 I 633 892 I 628 910 I 618 908 I 609 904 I 616 887 I C 
650 895 M 652 896 I 659 896 I 666 896 I 667 896 I 667 915 I 666 915 I 658 915 I 649 914 I 647 914 I 650 895 I C 
686 896 M 705 896 I 705 915 I 686 915 I 686 896 I C 
724 896 M 742 896 I 742 915 I 724 915 I 724 896 I C 
761 896 M 780 896 I 780 915 I 761 915 I 761 896 I C 
798 896 M 817 896 I 817 915 I 798 915 I 798 896 I C 
836 896 M 855 896 I 855 915 I 836 915 I 836 896 I C 
873 896 M 892 896 I 892 915 I 873 915 I 873 896 I C 
911 896 M 929 896 I 929 915 I 911 915 I 911 896 I C 
948 896 M 967 896 I 967 915 I 948 915 I 948 896 I C 
986 896 M 1004 896 I 1004 915 I 986 915 I 986 896 I C 
1023 896 M 1042 896 I 1042 915 I 1023 915 I 1023 896 I C 
1060 896 M 1079 896 I 1079 915 I 1060 915 I 1060 896 I C 
1098 896 M 1117 896 I 1117 915 I 1098 915 I 1098 896 I C 
1135 896 M 1154 896 I 1154 915 I 1135 915 I 1135 896 I C 
1173 896 M 1191 896 I 1191 915 I 1173 915 I 1173 896 I C 
1210 896 M 1229 896 I 1229 915 I 1210 915 I 1210 896 I C 
1247 896 M 1263 896 I 1266 896 I 1266 915 I 1263 915 I 1247 915 I 1247 896 I C 
1283 895 M 1292 893 I 1301 891 I 1305 909 I 1295 912 I 1286 913 I 1283 895 I C 
1318 885 M 1318 885 I 1330 879 I 1333 878 I 1342 894 I 1339 896 I 1325 903 I 1324 903 I 1318 885 I C 
1348 868 M 1353 864 I 1361 856 I 1374 870 I 1364 879 I 1359 883 I 1348 868 I C 
1372 844 M 1380 834 I 1383 829 I 1399 839 I 1395 845 I 1387 855 I 1372 844 I C 
1391 814 M 1393 810 I 1397 797 I 1397 797 I 1415 802 I 1415 804 I 1409 818 I 1408 822 I 1391 814 I C 
1401 780 M 1403 770 I 1403 763 I 1403 763 I 1422 763 I 1422 765 I 1421 773 I 1419 783 I 1401 780 I C 
1403 745 M 1403 726 I 1422 726 I 1422 745 I 1403 745 I C 
1403 707 M 1403 688 I 1422 688 I 1422 707 I 1403 707 I C 
1403 670 M 1403 651 I 1422 651 I 1422 670 I 1403 670 I C 
1403 632 M 1403 613 I 1422 613 I 1422 632 I 1403 632 I C 
1403 595 M 1403 576 I 1422 576 I 1422 595 I 1403 595 I C 
1403 557 M 1403 539 I 1422 539 I 1422 557 I 1403 557 I C 
1403 520 M 1403 501 I 1422 501 I 1422 520 I 1403 520 I C 
1403 482 M 1403 464 I 1422 464 I 1422 482 I 1403 482 I C 
1403 445 M 1403 426 I 1422 426 I 1422 445 I 1403 445 I C 
1403 407 M 1403 389 I 1422 389 I 1422 407 I 1403 407 I C 
1403 370 M 1403 351 I 1422 351 I 1422 370 I 1403 370 I C 
1403 333 M 1403 314 I 1422 314 I 1422 333 I 1403 333 I C 
1403 295 M 1403 276 I 1422 276 I 1422 295 I 1403 295 I C 
1403 258 M 1403 239 I 1422 239 I 1422 258 I 1403 258 I C 
1403 220 M 1403 201 I 1422 201 I 1422 220 I 1403 220 I C 
1403 183 M 1403 164 I 1422 164 I 1422 183 I 1403 183 I C 
1403 146 M 1403 143 I 1400 129 I 1400 129 I 1418 124 I 1419 126 I 1421 142 I 1421 144 I 1403 146 I C 
1395 112 M 1392 103 I 1388 96 I 1405 87 I 1410 97 I 1413 106 I 1395 112 I C 
1380 80 M 1379 79 I 1371 69 I 1369 67 I 1383 54 I 1386 57 I 1395 70 I 1396 70 I 1380 80 I C 
1357 54 M 1352 50 I 1343 43 I 1354 28 I 1365 36 I 1369 40 I 1357 54 I C 
1328 34 M 1317 29 I 1312 27 I 1319 9 I 1325 12 I 1337 17 I 1328 34 I C 
1295 22 M 1291 21 I 1278 19 I 1281 0 I 1296 2 I 1300 4 I 1295 22 I C 
:  L ; : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; ; 4 Lw : 3807 0 920 918 rc N 4565 18 M 4546 18 I 4546 -1 I 4565 -1 I 4565 18 I C 
4527 18 M 4509 18 I 4509 -1 I 4527 -1 I 4527 18 I C 
4490 18 M 4471 18 I 4471 -1 I 4490 -1 I 4490 18 I C 
4452 18 M 4434 18 I 4434 -1 I 4452 -1 I 4452 18 I C 
4415 18 M 4396 18 I 4396 -1 I 4415 -1 I 4415 18 I C 
4378 18 M 4359 18 I 4359 -1 I 4378 -1 I 4378 18 I C 
4340 18 M 4321 18 I 4321 -1 I 4340 -1 I 4340 18 I C 
4303 18 M 4284 18 I 4284 -1 I 4303 -1 I 4303 18 I C 
4265 18 M 4247 18 I 4247 -1 I 4265 -1 I 4265 18 I C 
4228 18 M 4209 18 I 4209 -1 I 4228 -1 I 4228 18 I C 
4190 18 M 4172 18 I 4172 -1 I 4190 -1 I 4190 18 I C 
4153 18 M 4134 18 I 4134 -1 I 4153 -1 I 4153 18 I C 
4116 18 M 4097 18 I 4097 -1 I 4116 -1 I 4116 18 I C 
4078 18 M 4059 18 I 4059 -1 I 4078 -1 I 4078 18 I C 
4041 18 M 4022 18 I 4022 -1 I 4041 -1 I 4041 18 I C 
4003 18 M 3985 18 I 3985 -1 I 4003 -1 I 4003 18 I C 
3966 18 M 3960 18 I 3953 19 I 3949 19 I 3946 1 I 3951 0 I 3959 0 I 3966 -1 I 3966 18 I C 
3931 23 M 3925 24 I 3915 28 I 3908 11 I 3921 6 I 3927 5 I 3931 23 I C 
3899 36 M 3889 42 I 3884 45 I 3873 30 I 3879 26 I 3890 20 I 3899 36 I C 
3871 57 M 3868 59 I 3859 69 I 3859 69 I 3844 58 I 3845 57 I 3855 45 I 3858 43 I 3871 57 I C 
3849 84 M 3844 92 I 3840 99 I 3823 91 I 3828 82 I 3833 74 I 3849 84 I C 
3834 116 M 3833 117 I 3830 130 I 3830 132 I 3811 130 I 3812 126 I 3816 111 I 3816 110 I 3834 116 I C 
3827 150 M 3827 151 I 3827 158 I 3827 168 I 3809 168 I 3809 158 I 3809 150 I 3809 149 I 3827 150 I C 
3827 187 M 3827 206 I 3809 206 I 3809 187 I 3827 187 I C 
3827 225 M 3827 243 I 3809 243 I 3809 225 I 3827 225 I C 
3827 262 M 3827 281 I 3809 281 I 3809 262 I 3827 262 I C 
3827 299 M 3827 318 I 3809 318 I 3809 299 I 3827 299 I C 
3827 337 M 3827 356 I 3809 356 I 3809 337 I 3827 337 I C 
3827 374 M 3827 393 I 3809 393 I 3809 374 I 3827 374 I C 
3827 412 M 3827 431 I 3809 431 I 3809 412 I 3827 412 I C 
3827 449 M 3827 468 I 3809 468 I 3809 449 I 3827 449 I C 
3827 487 M 3827 505 I 3809 505 I 3809 487 I 3827 487 I C 
3827 524 M 3827 543 I 3809 543 I 3809 524 I 3827 524 I C 
3827 562 M 3827 580 I 3809 580 I 3809 562 I 3827 562 I C 
3827 599 M 3827 618 I 3809 618 I 3809 599 I 3827 599 I C 
3827 637 M 3827 655 I 3809 655 I 3809 637 I 3827 637 I C 
3827 674 M 3827 693 I 3809 693 I 3809 674 I 3827 674 I C 
3827 711 M 3827 730 I 3809 730 I 3809 711 I 3827 711 I C 
3827 749 M 3827 756 I 3827 764 I 3828 767 I 3809 768 I 3809 764 I 3809 756 I 3809 749 I 3827 749 I C 
3830 785 M 3830 785 I 3834 798 I 3835 801 I 3817 807 I 3816 803 I 3812 788 I 3812 788 I 3830 785 I C 
3842 817 M 3844 823 I 3850 833 I 3834 843 I 3827 831 I 3825 826 I 3842 817 I C 
3860 846 M 3869 856 I 3873 859 I 3860 873 I 3855 868 I 3846 859 I 3860 846 I C 
3887 871 M 3889 873 I 3901 880 I 3901 880 I 3893 896 I 3891 896 I 3878 888 I 3875 886 I 3887 871 I C 
3917 887 M 3926 890 I 3934 892 I 3929 910 I 3920 908 I 3911 904 I 3917 887 I C 
3951 895 M 3953 896 I 3960 896 I 3968 896 I 3969 896 I 3969 915 I 3967 915 I 3959 915 I 3951 914 I 3949 914 I 3951 895 I C 
3987 896 M 4006 896 I 4006 915 I 3987 915 I 3987 896 I C 
4025 896 M 4044 896 I 4044 915 I 4025 915 I 4025 896 I C 
4062 896 M 4081 896 I 4081 915 I 4062 915 I 4062 896 I C 
4100 896 M 4118 896 I 4118 915 I 4100 915 I 4100 896 I C 
4137 896 M 4156 896 I 4156 915 I 4137 915 I 4137 896 I C 
4174 896 M 4193 896 I 4193 915 I 4174 915 I 4174 896 I C 
4212 896 M 4231 896 I 4231 915 I 4212 915 I 4212 896 I C 
4249 896 M 4268 896 I 4268 915 I 4249 915 I 4249 896 I C 
4287 896 M 4305 896 I 4305 915 I 4287 915 I 4287 896 I C 
4324 896 M 4343 896 I 4343 915 I 4324 915 I 4324 896 I C 
4362 896 M 4380 896 I 4380 915 I 4362 915 I 4362 896 I C 
4399 896 M 4418 896 I 4418 915 I 4399 915 I 4399 896 I C 
4436 896 M 4455 896 I 4455 915 I 4436 915 I 4436 896 I C 
4474 896 M 4493 896 I 4493 915 I 4474 915 I 4474 896 I C 
4511 896 M 4530 896 I 4530 915 I 4511 915 I 4511 896 I C 
4549 896 M 4565 896 I 4567 896 I 4568 915 I 4565 915 I 4549 915 I 4549 896 I C 
4585 895 M 4593 893 I 4602 891 I 4607 909 I 4596 912 I 4588 913 I 4585 895 I C 
4619 885 M 4620 885 I 4632 879 I 4634 878 I 4644 894 I 4640 896 I 4626 903 I 4625 903 I 4619 885 I C 
4649 868 M 4654 864 I 4662 856 I 4675 870 I 4665 879 I 4660 883 I 4649 868 I C 
4674 844 M 4681 834 I 4684 829 I 4700 839 I 4696 845 I 4689 855 I 4674 844 I C 
4692 814 M 4694 810 I 4698 797 I 4698 797 I 4716 802 I 4716 804 I 4711 818 I 4709 822 I 4692 814 I C 
4702 780 M 4704 770 I 4705 763 I 4705 763 I 4723 764 I 4723 764 I 4723 773 I 4721 783 I 4702 780 I C 
4705 745 M 4705 726 I 4723 726 I 4723 745 I 4705 745 I C 
4705 707 M 4705 689 I 4723 689 I 4723 707 I 4705 707 I C 
4705 670 M 4705 651 I 4723 651 I 4723 670 I 4705 670 I C 
4705 632 M 4705 614 I 4723 614 I 4723 632 I 4705 632 I C 
4705 595 M 4705 576 I 4723 576 I 4723 595 I 4705 595 I C 
4705 557 M 4705 539 I 4723 539 I 4723 557 I 4705 557 I C 
4705 520 M 4705 501 I 4723 501 I 4723 520 I 4705 520 I C 
4705 482 M 4705 464 I 4723 464 I 4723 482 I 4705 482 I C 
4705 445 M 4705 426 I 4723 426 I 4723 445 I 4705 445 I C 
4705 408 M 4705 389 I 4723 389 I 4723 408 I 4705 408 I C 
4705 370 M 4705 351 I 4723 351 I 4723 370 I 4705 370 I C 
4705 333 M 4705 314 I 4723 314 I 4723 333 I 4705 333 I C 
4705 295 M 4705 276 I 4723 276 I 4723 295 I 4705 295 I C 
4705 258 M 4705 239 I 4723 239 I 4723 258 I 4705 258 I C 
4705 220 M 4705 202 I 4723 202 I 4723 220 I 4705 220 I C 
4705 183 M 4705 164 I 4723 164 I 4723 183 I 4705 183 I C 
4704 146 M 4704 144 I 4702 129 I 4702 129 I 4720 124 I 4720 127 I 4723 142 I 4723 145 I 4704 146 I C 
4697 112 M 4693 103 I 4690 96 I 4707 87 I 4711 97 I 4714 106 I 4697 112 I C 
4681 80 M 4680 79 I 4672 69 I 4671 67 I 4684 54 I 4687 57 I 4696 70 I 4697 70 I 4681 80 I C 
4658 54 M 4653 50 I 4644 43 I 4655 28 I 4666 36 I 4671 40 I 4658 54 I C 
4630 34 M 4619 29 I 4614 27 I 4620 9 I 4627 12 I 4638 17 I 4630 34 I C 
4597 22 M 4592 21 I 4579 19 I 4582 0 I 4597 2 I 4601 4 I 4597 22 I C 
:  L ; : 0.246 0.246 +S K 
; ; 8 Lw N 2066 1009 M 1991 1009 I 1991 990 I 2066 990 I 2066 1009 I C 
1935 1009 M 1860 1009 I 1860 990 I 1935 990 I 1935 1009 I C 
1804 1009 M 1729 1009 I 1729 990 I 1804 990 I 1804 1009 I C 
1673 1009 M 1598 1009 I 1598 990 I 1673 990 I 1673 1009 I C 
1542 1009 M 1469 1009 I 1468 1009 I 1467 990 I 1469 990 I 1542 990 I 1542 1009 I C 
1416 1019 M 1415 1020 I 1402 1026 I 1391 1033 I 1380 1041 I 1370 1050 I 1361 1060 I 1361 1061 I 1346 1049 I 1347 1047 I 1358 1036 I 1369 1026 I 1381 1017 I 1394 1009 I 1408 1002 I 1409 1002 I 1416 1019 I C 
1336 1107 M 1336 1107 I 1332 1121 I 1330 1135 I 1330 1142 I 1329 1149 I 1329 1178 I 1311 1178 I 1311 1148 I 1311 1140 I 1312 1132 I 1314 1116 I 1318 1101 I 1318 1101 I 1336 1107 I C 
1329 1235 M 1329 1309 I 1311 1309 I 1311 1235 I 1329 1235 I C 
1329 1366 M 1329 1441 I 1311 1441 I 1311 1366 I 1329 1366 I C 
1329 1497 M 1329 1572 I 1311 1572 I 1311 1497 I 1329 1497 I C 
1329 1628 M 1329 1703 I 1311 1703 I 1311 1628 I 1329 1628 I C 
1330 1758 M 1330 1762 I 1332 1775 I 1336 1789 I 1341 1802 I 1347 1814 I 1353 1824 I 1337 1834 I 1330 1822 I 1323 1808 I 1318 1794 I 1314 1778 I 1312 1763 I 1311 1760 I 1330 1758 I C 
1389 1862 M 1392 1863 I 1403 1870 I 1415 1876 I 1428 1881 I 1442 1884 I 1454 1886 I 1452 1904 I 1437 1902 I 1422 1898 I 1407 1893 I 1393 1886 I 1380 1878 I 1378 1877 I 1389 1862 I C 
1509 1887 M 1584 1887 I 1584 1905 I 1509 1905 I 1509 1887 I C 
1640 1887 M 1715 1887 I 1715 1905 I 1640 1905 I 1640 1887 I C 
1771 1887 M 1846 1887 I 1846 1905 I 1771 1905 I 1771 1887 I C 
1902 1887 M 1977 1887 I 1977 1905 I 1902 1905 I 1902 1887 I C 
2033 1887 M 2066 1887 I 2073 1887 I 2081 1886 I 2095 1884 I 2105 1881 I 2110 1899 I 2098 1902 I 2082 1905 I 2074 1905 I 2066 1905 I 2033 1905 I 2033 1887 I C 
2151 1858 M 2155 1855 I 2165 1846 I 2174 1836 I 2182 1825 I 2189 1813 I 2194 1803 I 2211 1811 I 2205 1823 I 2197 1836 I 2188 1848 I 2178 1859 I 2166 1870 I 2163 1873 I 2151 1858 I C 
2206 1752 M 2206 1747 I 2206 1677 I 2224 1677 I 2224 1747 I 2224 1752 I 2206 1752 I C 
2206 1621 M 2206 1546 I 2224 1546 I 2224 1621 I 2206 1621 I C 
2206 1490 M 2206 1415 I 2224 1415 I 2224 1490 I 2206 1490 I C 
2206 1359 M 2206 1284 I 2224 1284 I 2224 1359 I 2206 1359 I C 
2206 1228 M 2206 1153 I 2224 1153 I 2224 1228 I 2206 1228 I C 
2197 1101 M 2195 1094 I 2189 1081 I 2182 1070 I 2174 1059 I 2165 1049 I 2158 1043 I 2171 1030 I 2178 1037 I 2188 1048 I 2198 1060 I 2206 1073 I 2212 1087 I 2215 1094 I 2197 1101 I C 
2113 1017 M 2107 1015 I 2094 1011 I 2080 1009 I 2073 1009 I 2066 1009 I 2066 990 I 2074 990 I 2083 991 I 2098 993 I 2114 997 I 2119 999 I 2113 1017 I C 
:  L ; : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; 4 Lw N 4565 1009 M 4490 1009 I 4490 990 I 4565 990 I 4565 1009 I C 
4434 1009 M 4359 1009 I 4359 990 I 4434 990 I 4434 1009 I C 
4303 1009 M 4228 1009 I 4228 990 I 4303 990 I 4303 1009 I C 
4172 1009 M 4097 1009 I 4097 990 I 4172 990 I 4172 1009 I C 
4041 1009 M 3968 1009 I 3966 1009 I 3966 990 I 3968 990 I 4041 990 I 4041 1009 I C 
3915 1019 M 3913 1020 I 3901 1026 I 3890 1033 I 3879 1041 I 3869 1050 I 3860 1060 I 3860 1061 I 3845 1049 I 3846 1047 I 3856 1036 I 3868 1026 I 3880 1017 I 3893 1009 I 3907 1002 I 3908 1002 I 3915 1019 I C 
3834 1107 M 3834 1107 I 3831 1121 I 3829 1135 I 3828 1142 I 3828 1149 I 3828 1179 I 3810 1179 I 3810 1148 I 3810 1140 I 3811 1132 I 3813 1116 I 3817 1101 I 3817 1101 I 3834 1107 I C 
3828 1235 M 3828 1310 I 3810 1310 I 3810 1235 I 3828 1235 I C 
3828 1366 M 3828 1441 I 3810 1441 I 3810 1366 I 3828 1366 I C 
3828 1497 M 3828 1572 I 3810 1572 I 3810 1497 I 3828 1497 I C 
3828 1628 M 3828 1703 I 3810 1703 I 3810 1628 I 3828 1628 I C 
3829 1758 M 3829 1762 I 3831 1776 I 3835 1789 I 3839 1802 I 3845 1814 I 3852 1824 I 3836 1834 I 3829 1822 I 3822 1808 I 3817 1794 I 3813 1779 I 3811 1763 I 3810 1760 I 3829 1758 I C 
3888 1862 M 3890 1863 I 3902 1870 I 3914 1876 I 3927 1881 I 3940 1884 I 3953 1886 I 3950 1904 I 3936 1902 I 3921 1898 I 3906 1893 I 3892 1886 I 3879 1878 I 3877 1877 I 3888 1862 I C 
4008 1887 M 4083 1887 I 4083 1905 I 4008 1905 I 4008 1887 I C 
4139 1887 M 4214 1887 I 4214 1905 I 4139 1905 I 4139 1887 I C 
4270 1887 M 4345 1887 I 4345 1905 I 4270 1905 I 4270 1887 I C 
4401 1887 M 4476 1887 I 4476 1905 I 4401 1905 I 4401 1887 I C 
4532 1887 M 4565 1887 I 4572 1887 I 4579 1886 I 4593 1884 I 4604 1881 I 4609 1899 I 4596 1902 I 4581 1905 I 4573 1905 I 4565 1905 I 4532 1905 I 4532 1887 I C 
4650 1858 M 4654 1855 I 4664 1846 I 4673 1836 I 4681 1825 I 4688 1813 I 4693 1803 I 4710 1811 I 4704 1823 I 4696 1836 I 4687 1848 I 4677 1860 I 4665 1870 I 4661 1873 I 4650 1858 I C 
4705 1752 M 4705 1747 I 4705 1677 I 4723 1677 I 4723 1747 I 4723 1752 I 4705 1752 I C 
4705 1621 M 4705 1546 I 4723 1546 I 4723 1621 I 4705 1621 I C 
4705 1490 M 4705 1415 I 4723 1415 I 4723 1490 I 4705 1490 I C 
4705 1359 M 4705 1284 I 4723 1284 I 4723 1359 I 4705 1359 I C 
4705 1228 M 4705 1153 I 4723 1153 I 4723 1228 I 4705 1228 I C 
4696 1101 M 4693 1094 I 4688 1082 I 4680 1070 I 4672 1059 I 4663 1049 I 4657 1043 I 4669 1030 I 4677 1037 I 4687 1048 I 4697 1060 I 4704 1073 I 4711 1087 I 4714 1094 I 4696 1101 I C 
4612 1017 M 4606 1015 I 4593 1011 I 4579 1009 I 4572 1009 I 4565 1009 I 4565 990 I 4573 990 I 4581 991 I 4597 993 I 4612 997 I 4618 999 I 4612 1017 I C 
:  L ; : 0.246 0.246 +S K 
; 
systemdict begin
/TTC7Ao00 
findfont dup
/Private get begin
/CharStrings get begin
/G 214 RD 
e3ff0000063a0df985f8d615f74307f90b06fcb307293f27512465082465
2079fb018b08fb278bfb19a9fb0dc808fb0cc931e34ef708084df7076df7
168bf724088bf722a9f718c8f70f08c8f70ee2e6f706c808f707c6f718a9
f7298c08f7008aed7ae26908e368d05bbc4d08bd4eb13ba42808fb465b05
75d46fc569b40869b45bac4da5084ca345983e8c082f8a3d7e487108486f
5568626108625f6b5b7458086531772a8b24088bfb15a3fb01b93608b933
cf4ce46108e560e977ef8c08e28ae09addac08dea9c9aeb6b108f7a207fc
4a06090e ND 
/p 169 RD 
f720ff000004730dfc2704ff000005c007f74306fb4607b2cbb7bcbbac08
bbabc69bcf8c08e68adb73cf5d08d05cbf49ae3808ae369d2f8b27088bfb
01772964360863335149405d083f5d3b75388b084f8b549a5ba8085ba962
b16cb908fcb307fb4306f743fa35158bfb13a82ec24f08c24fce6eda8c08
dc8ad1a9c4ca08c4c8a8eb8bf718088bf70e6fe952c90853c849ab3d8c08
3e8a466a50490850496d2b8bfb0f088b06090e ND 
end end
end
/TTC7Ao00 findfont /Encoding get
dup 21 /G put
dup 22 /p put
pop
532 1037 M <150F0B0C1605>[91 39 64 64 64  0]xS 
862 1802 M <150F0B0C16>[91 39 64 65  0]xS 
1185 1802 M <08>S 

systemdict begin
/TTC7Ao00 
findfont dup
/Private get begin
/CharStrings get begin
/n 110 RD 
f720ff000004730d8b16fac107f74306fb2b07d8f703f702c3f7228c08ca
8ac47fc07508c073b16ea56508a5659d5f96590891688f518b3908fd2107
fb4306f90d078bd184c17daf087cae72a767a10867a060965b8c083e8a49
73525c08535b6e308bfb1808fccc07fb4306090e ND 
/d 163 RD 
d1ff000004730df98616f73d0747fb11284dfb168b08368b3ea144ba0843
b955cc63de0865df77ea8bf701088bf39eebaee108afe1c1ccd2b908d3b9
dba2e48c08cc8ac57bbe6c08bd6ab563ab5808f8c207f74306fffffffa40
07fb4306fcd7f8a9158bfb13a92dc44e08c54bcf6dda8c08db8acea8c3c7
08c3c7a7e58bf710088bf71a6fed52cb0852c945ab388c083a8a486c544f
08564e6f2c8bfb16088b06090e ND 
end end
end
/TTC7Ao00 findfont /Encoding get
dup 23 /n put
dup 24 /d put
pop
1827 277 M <0A0B0C1718>[84 65 65 65  0]xS 

systemdict begin
/TTC7Ao00 
findfont dup
/Private get begin
/CharStrings get begin
/hyphen 21 RD 
d1f93f0df84a04f74307f8c506fb4307fcc506090e ND 
end end
end
/TTC7Ao00 findfont /Encoding get
dup 25 /hyphen put
pop
2170 277 M <19>S 

systemdict begin
/TTC7Ao00 
findfont dup
/Private get begin
/CharStrings get begin
/i 43 RD 
f720f85c0dff0000051104f74307f74306fb4307fb4306fffffffaef04fa
c107f74306fec107fb4306090e ND 
/space 5 RD 
8bf8d60d0e ND 
/a 268 RD 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 ND 
/g 225 RD 
d1ff000004730d994515f74479059258a066ad7408ba6ccb7cd98b08e28b
ce99baaa08baa9abb69bc20895ac8fd18af701083c2d2a5dfb0a8b08fb26
8bfb05be3bf5083bf463f7128bf729088bef9de8aee208b0e0bfcdcfba08
cfb9dba3e78c08f70f8af057da2308f72007f74306fe29078bfb397bfb09
6947086946555441640841633077fb018b08fb148b23a83cc5083cc566e3
8df70a088b06f732f900158bfb18a62cc25008c24fd06ddd8c08de8ad0a9
c2c708c3c6a6e88bf713088bf70d6fe752c90852c846aa3a8c083c8a476c
534f08554e6e318bfb0a088b06090e ND 
/l 27 RD 
f720f85c0d8b16ff000005c007f74306fffffffa4007fb4306090e ND 
/y 120 RD 
aefa7b0df4fc23157af73d05ae80aa87a68b08af8ba791a19808a1999e9d
98a308969d9bb7a1d30890948f9a929f08fc16fab905f74d06f764fce805
a83ea33ba03908a0cba5d3a6dc08f768f8fe05f74c06fc0bfeda0561fb04
6b3d7362086d52686163710864715b7d548b086a8b6692619a088b06090e
 ND 
end end
end
/TTC7Ao00 findfont /Encoding get
dup 26 /i put
dup 27 /space put
dup 28 /a put
dup 29 /g put
dup 30 /l put
dup 31 /y put
pop
2208 277 M <0D0F1A161B160F0B161C1D1C0D1A0B171B180E1E1C1F>[32 39 26 64 33 64 39 64 64 64 65 64 33 26 64 65 32 64 65 26 64  0]xS 
11 dict begin
/FontName /TTC7Bo00 def
/FontMatrix [1 2048 div 0 0 1 2048 div 0 0 ] def
/Encoding  256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for  def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontBBox { 0 0 0 0 } def
AddFontInfoBegin
AddFontInfo
AddFontInfoEnd
currentdict
end

systemdict begin
dup /Private 7 dict dup begin
/BlueValues [] def
/MinFeature {16 16} def
/password 5839 def
/ND {def} def
/NP {put} def
/lenIV -1 def
/RD {string currentfile exch readhexstring pop} def

2 index /CharStrings 256 dict dup begin
/.notdef 4 RD 
8b8b0d0e ND 
/one 109 RD 
f791fa9e0dff000004dd04f7d9f72705ad06fffffffb78078b398f599079
089277987c9f81089e80b386c88b087607fc8f06a007c98bb3909d96089e
949798929e08939b8ebe8be208f9a1078be788c883a608889e839b7f9508
7f947c917a8c08758a6a806179087ca005090e ND 
end
end
put
put
dup /FontName get exch definefont pop
end
/TTC7Bo00 findfont /Encoding get
dup 1 /one put
pop
F /F1 0 /0 F /TTC7Bo00 mF 
/F1S61YFFFFFF9E F1 [97.082 0 0 -97.07 0 0 ] mFS
F1S61YFFFFFF9E Ji 
3412 312 M <01>S 
11 dict begin
/FontName /TTC7CoI00 def
/FontMatrix [1 2048 div 0 0 1 2048 div 0 0 ] def
/Encoding  256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for  def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontBBox { 0 0 0 0 } def
AddFontInfoBegin
AddFontInfo
AddFontInfoEnd
currentdict
end

systemdict begin
dup /Private 7 dict dup begin
/BlueValues [] def
/MinFeature {16 16} def
/password 5839 def
/ND {def} def
/NP {put} def
/lenIV -1 def
/RD {string currentfile exch readhexstring pop} def

2 index /CharStrings 256 dict dup begin
/.notdef 4 RD 
8b8b0d0e ND 
/tau 132 RD 
f796fa230dfa03fa2f1554fb3405fbd40633fb6a51fb25703c08764c875e
976f08986fa27dac8c08a48aa493a29c08a49ba2a8a1b408b0065b205a40
59630858625a77598b08588b67a279ba0879ba95deb4f70e08abe9c9f730
e4f76c082f06568a5e83677a086779626b5d5c086606e7f711d2d9bcab08
bdaac79bd38c08f87e06090e ND 
end
end
put
put
dup /FontName get exch definefont pop
end
/TTC7CoI00 findfont /Encoding get
dup 1 /tau put
pop
F /F2 0 /0 F /TTC7CoI00 mF 
/F2SA6YFFFFFF59 F2 [166.426 0 0 -166.41 0 0 ] mFS
F2SA6YFFFFFF59 Ji 
3330 270 M <01>S 
F0S74YFFFFFF8B Ji 
2466 1519 M <0A0B0C1718>[84 65 64 65  0]xS 
2808 1519 M <19>S 
2847 1519 M <0D0F1A161B>[32 39 26 64  0]xS 
2466 1659 M <160F0B161C1D1C0D1A0B171B180E1E1C1F>[65 39 64 64 64 65 64 33 26 65 64 32 64 65 26 64  0]xS 
11 dict begin
/FontName /TTC7Do00 def
/FontMatrix [1 2048 div 0 0 1 2048 div 0 0 ] def
/Encoding  256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for  def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontBBox { 0 0 0 0 } def
AddFontInfoBegin
AddFontInfo
AddFontInfoEnd
currentdict
end

systemdict begin
dup /Private 7 dict dup begin
/BlueValues [] def
/MinFeature {16 16} def
/password 5839 def
/ND {def} def
/NP {put} def
/lenIV -1 def
/RD {string currentfile exch readhexstring pop} def

2 index /CharStrings 256 dict dup begin
/.notdef 4 RD 
8b8b0d0e ND 
/two 157 RD 
b5fa9e0dfa1ff795152bfb9505fdbf06af07f784f769f73ef742edf71d08
ecf71cbcf7118bf706088be56fd454c50854c549a83d8d0845894c785363
085463615171420864069cf70db8e9d2cc08d3cce4acf68c08f7078aea66
d74408d842b1378b29088b447b4769470859fb0138fb07fb07fb0a08fb3f
fb45fb03fb03596008f80506d689c08ea99008a991a795a39c08a39ba0a1
9dab08b506090e ND 
end
end
put
put
dup /FontName get exch definefont pop
end
/TTC7Do00 findfont /Encoding get
dup 1 /two put
pop
F /F3 0 /0 F /TTC7Do00 mF 
/F3S61YFFFFFF9E F3 [97.082 0 0 -97.07 0 0 ] mFS
F3S61YFFFFFF9E Ji 
3504 1689 M <01>S 
11 dict begin
/FontName /TTC7EoI00 def
/FontMatrix [1 2048 div 0 0 1 2048 div 0 0 ] def
/Encoding  256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for  def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontBBox { 0 0 0 0 } def
AddFontInfoBegin
AddFontInfo
AddFontInfoEnd
currentdict
end

systemdict begin
dup /Private 7 dict dup begin
/BlueValues [] def
/MinFeature {16 16} def
/password 5839 def
/ND {def} def
/NP {put} def
/lenIV -1 def
/RD {string currentfile exch readhexstring pop} def

2 index /CharStrings 256 dict dup begin
/.notdef 4 RD 
8b8b0d0e ND 
/tau 132 RD 
f796fa230dfa03fa2f1554fb3405fbd40633fb6a51fb25703c08764c875e
976f08986fa27dac8c08a48aa493a29c08a49ba2a8a1b408b0065b205a40
59630858625a77598b08588b67a279ba0879ba95deb4f70e08abe9c9f730
e4f76c082f06568a5e83677a086779626b5d5c086606e7f711d2d9bcab08
bdaac79bd38c08f87e06090e ND 
end
end
put
put
dup /FontName get exch definefont pop
end
/TTC7EoI00 findfont /Encoding get
dup 1 /tau put
pop
F /F4 0 /0 F /TTC7EoI00 mF 
/F4SA6YFFFFFF59 F4 [166.426 0 0 -166.41 0 0 ] mFS
F4SA6YFFFFFF59 Ji 
3412 1648 M <01>S 
1 Lj 150 Lw N 1650 338 M 3583 338 I : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; 2 Lj 8 Lw N 1696 93 M 3583 93 I 3583 112 I 1696 112 I 1696 93 I C 
1706 130 M 1650 102 I 1706 74 I 1706 130 I C 
:  L ; : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; 1 Lj 150 Lw N 3583 102 M 3583 338 I : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; N 2451 999 M 3535 999 I : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; 2 Lj 8 Lw N 2498 1368 M 3535 1368 I 3535 1386 I 2498 1386 I 2498 1368 I C 
2507 1405 M 2451 1377 I 2507 1349 I 2507 1405 I C 
:  L ; : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; 1 Lj 150 Lw N 3535 1009 M 3535 1386 I : 0.121 0.121 +S K 
; F0S74YFFFFFF8B Ji 
3161 528 M <12>S 
3194 528 M <100F0B16011C1A1E>[84 39 64 65 71 65 25  0]xS 
3633 528 M <14>S 
LH
%%PageTrailer

%%Trailer
%%DocumentNeededResources: 
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: 
%%+ procset Pscript_WinNT_VMErrorHandler 5.0 0
%%+ procset Pscript_FatalError 5.0 0
%%+ procset Pscript_Win_Basic 5.0 0
%%+ procset Pscript_Win_Utils_L2 5.0 0
%%+ procset Pscript_Win_GdiObject 5.0 0
%%+ procset Pscript_Win_GdiObject_L2 5.0 0
%%+ procset Pscript_Text 5.0 0
Pscript_WinNT_Incr dup /terminate get exec
%%EOF

%%EndDocument
@endspecial Fu 2073 1020 a(Figure) 41 b(2.) f(Netw) n(ork) g(model:) 67
b(case) 41 b(of) e(m) n(ultiple) 2073 1120 y(TCP) 46
b(connections) f(tra) o(ver) o(sing) g(diff) o(erent) g(n) o(um\255)
2073 1219 y(ber) o(s) 24 b(of) e(RED) h(r) n(outer) o(s) p
Fv 1974 1538 a(simulation) 18 b(results:) 25 b(v) n(ariations) 19
b(in) g(the) h(TCP) g(windo) l(w) g(size,) g(v) n(ari-) 1974
1637 y(ations) k(in) g(the) g(RED) h(rou) n(ter') -5
b(s) 25 b(curre) n(nt) g(que) n(ue) f(length,) g(v) n(ariation) n(s)
1974 1737 y(in) d(the) f(RED) i(rou) n(ter') -5 b(s) 22
b(a) n(v) o(era) n(ge) f(queu) n(e) h(length) n(,) f(and) f(v) n
(ariation) n(s) i(in) 1974 1837 y(the) e(pack) o(et) g(rejection) f
(rate) h(at) h(the) f(RED) h(rou) n(ter) -5 b(.) p Fo
1974 2037 a(5.1) 90 b(Netw) o(ork) 22 b(Model) p Fv 2073
2237 a(The) 42 b(netw) o(or) n(k) g(mod) n(el) g(used) f(for) g(v) o
(eri\002cation) f(is) i(the) g(case) 1974 2336 y(\(Fig.) 62
b(2\)) 33 b(where) f(multiple) g(TCP) h(connectio) n(ns) g(tra) n(v) o
(ersing) f(dif-) 1974 2436 y(feren) n(t) e(numb) n(ers) g(of) f(RED) h
(router) n(s) h(e) o(xist.) 52 b(In) 29 b(Fig.) 53 b(2,) 32
b(TCP) e(\() p Ft(i) p Fv(\)) 1974 2535 y(repre) n(sents) 21
b(a) g(TCP) f(source) g(host) g(and) f(Dest) i(\() p
Ft(i) p Fv(\)) f(repr) n(esents) h(a) f(TCP) 1974 2635
y(destination) k(host) h(\() p Fs(1) p Fn 32 w(\024) p
Ft 32 w(i) p Fn 32 w(\024) p Fs 32 w(2) p Ft(N) p Fv
9 w(\).) 40 b(Namely) -5 b(,) 25 b(data) h(is) g(transmit-) 1974
2735 y(ted) e(from) g(TCP) h(\() p Ft(i) p Fv(\)) f(to) g(Dest) h(\() p
Ft(i) p Fv(\).) 37 b(Note) 24 b(that,) i(in) e(Fig.) 38
b(2,) 25 b(the) f(link) 1974 2834 y(between) 19 b(router) n(s) j(beco) n
(mes) f(the) f(bottlene) n(ck.) 2073 2934 y(Ne) o(xt,) 87
b(analytic) 73 b(mod) n(els) i(used) e(for) g(v) o(eri\002cation) f
(are) 1974 3034 y(contin) n(uous-time) 44 b(mod) n(els) i(of) e(the) h
(TCP) g(congestion) e(control) 1974 3133 y(mechan) n(ism,) c(the) d
(RED) g(rou) n(ter) g(\(Eq.) 69 b(\(3\)\226\() n(7\)\),) 38
b(and) d(the) g(link) 1974 3233 y(prop) n(agation) f(delay) g(\(Eq.) 69
b(\(8\)\).) g(In) 34 b(addition,) k(the) d(follo) n(w) n(ing) 1974
3332 y(three) 30 b(models) g(are) h(used) f(as) i(a) f(model) f(of) h
(the) f(TCP) i(cong) n(estion) 1974 3432 y(contr) n(ol) 20
b(mechanism.) k(The) 19 b(\002rst) i(is) g(an) e(analytic) g(model) g
(prop) n(osed) 1974 3532 y(in) 26 b([7],) i(which) e(doe) n(s) i(not) e
(includ) n(e) h(a) g(timeout) f(mechan) n(ism.) 45 b(The) 1974
3631 y(second) 17 b(is) i(an) f(analytic) f(model) h(pro) n(posed) g
(in) g([6],) f(which) h(includ) n(es) 1974 3731 y(a) 23
b(timeou) n(t) g(mechanism.) 31 b(The) 22 b(third) g(is) h(our) f
(analy) n(tic) h(model) f(\(Eq.) 1974 3831 y(\(2\)\)) n(,) 30
b(which) d(includ) n(es) h(a) g(timeout) f(mech) n(anism.) 47
b(These) 27 b(mod) n(els) 1974 3930 y(of) 22 b(the) g(TCP) i(cong) n
(estion) e(control) g(mecha) n(nism) h(are) f(called) g(\223TCP) 1974
4030 y(w/o) 36 b(T) o(O\224) g(\(prop) n(osed) g(in) h([7]\)) n(,) k
(\223TCP) c(with) g(T) o(O1\224) f(\(pr) n(oposed) 1974
4129 y(in) 23 b([6]\),) h(and) e(\223TCP) j(with) e(T) o(O2\224) g
(\(our) f(analytic) h(model\)) n(,) i(respec-) 1974 4229
y(ti) n(v) o(ely) -5 b(.) 48 b(Moreo) m(v) o(er) m(,) 29
b(in) f(this) h(paper) m(,) g(grou) n(ping) f(of) g(TCP) h(\003o) n(ws)
f(is) 1974 4329 y(perfo) n(rmed) 19 b(using) h(the) g(same) h(appr) n
(oach) f(as) h([6]) n(.) 2073 4428 y(First,) 35 b(a) d(contin) n(uous) f
(time) g(model) g(of) g(the) g(TCP) h(cong) n(estion) 1974
4528 y(contr) n(ol) d(mechanism,) h(RED) f(router) f(b) n(uf) n(fe) n
(r) m(,) j(and) d(link) h(prop) n(aga-) 1974 4628 y(tion) c(delay) g(e)
o(xplain) n(ed) h(in) f(Section) g(3) h(is) g(described) e(using) h(MA)
-9 b(T) h(-) 1974 4727 y(LAB/Simulink) 35 b([1],) k(which) d(is) h(a) f
(contro) n(l) h(engin) n(eering) e(CAD) 1974 4827 y(tool.) 52
b(V) -9 b(ariation) n(s) 31 b(in) e(the) h(TCP) g(windo) l(w) g(size) g
(and) f(the) h(lik) o(e) f(are) 1974 4926 y(deri) n(v) m(ed) 24
b(throu) n(gh) f(perfor) n(mance) g(of) h(num) n(erical) g(simulation) f
(with) 1974 5026 y(respect) 33 b(to) g(the) g(continu) n(ous) g(time) h
(mod) n(el) g(written) f(with) g(MA) -9 b(T) h(-) 1974
5126 y(LAB/Simulink) n(.) 2073 5225 y(In) 28 b(addition) n(,) i
(simulation) d(w) o(as) i(perfo) n(rmed) e(using) h(ns-2) f(\(v) o(er) n
(-) 1974 5325 y(sion) 32 b(2.27) n(\)) g(with) g(respect) g(to) g(the) g
(same) g(netw) o(ork) f(model) g(as) i(in) p dyy eop
end
%%Page: 7 7
TeXDict begin 7 6 bop -126 1299 a @beginspecial 50 @llx
50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2227 @rwi @setspecial
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/vpt_ 31.5 def
/hpt hpt_ def
/vpt vpt_ def
/M {moveto} bind def
/L {lineto} bind def
/R {rmoveto} bind def
/V {rlineto} bind def
/vpt2 vpt 2 mul def
/hpt2 hpt 2 mul def
/Lshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 vshift R show } def
/Rshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def
/Cshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def
/UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def
  /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def
/DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash }
 {pop pop pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def
/BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth } def
/AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth } def
/UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def
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/PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth } def
/LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def
/LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def
/LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def
/LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def
/LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def
/LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def
/LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def
/LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def
/LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def
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  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V
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/Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
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  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
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  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def
/TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
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  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def
/DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def
/Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def
/PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
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/Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def
/CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def
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/C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy        moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
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/C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
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/C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
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/C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C13 { BL [] 0 setdash  2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/Rec   { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto
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/Square { dup Rec } bind def
/Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def
/S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def
/S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
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0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
currentpoint stroke M
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
currentpoint stroke M
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
currentpoint stroke M
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
currentpoint stroke M
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
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1 0 V
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1 0 V
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1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1219 0 V
1.000 UL
LT2
2711 1939 M
(Analysis \(TCP with TO1\)) Rshow
2795 1939 M
399 0 V
798 420 M
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
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1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
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0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
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0 1 V
1 1 V
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1 0 V
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0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
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0 1 V
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0 1 V
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0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
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0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
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0 1 V
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0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
currentpoint stroke M
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
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0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
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0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
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0 1 V
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0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
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0 1 V
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0 1 V
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0 1 V
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0 1 V
1 1 V
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0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
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0 1 V
0 1 V
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0 1 V
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0 1 V
1 1 V
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0 1 V
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0 1 V
1 1 V
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1 0 V
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0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
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0 1 V
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0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
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0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
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0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
currentpoint stroke M
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
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0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
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0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
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0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
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0 1 V
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1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
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0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
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0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
currentpoint stroke M
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
currentpoint stroke M
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
currentpoint stroke M
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
currentpoint stroke M
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
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currentpoint stroke M
1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1158 0 V
1.000 UL
LT3
2711 1799 M
(Analysis \(TCP with TO2\)) Rshow
2795 1799 M
399 0 V
798 420 M
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
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currentpoint stroke M
0 1 V
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currentpoint stroke M
0 1 V
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currentpoint stroke M
0 -1 V
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0 -1 V
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0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
currentpoint stroke M
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
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1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
currentpoint stroke M
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
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0 1 V
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1 0 V
0 1 V
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1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
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0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 1 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
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0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
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1 0 V
0 1 V
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1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
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1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
currentpoint stroke M
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
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1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
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0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
0 1 V
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1 0 V
0 1 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
0 1 V
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1 0 V
1 1 V
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0 1 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
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0 -1 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
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0 1 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
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1 0 V
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1 0 V
0 1 V
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1 0 V
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1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
0 1 V
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1 0 V
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1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
currentpoint stroke M
1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
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1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
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0 1 V
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1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 -1 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
0 1 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
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1 0 V
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1 0 V
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1 0 V
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1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
1 0 V
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@endspecial Fu -83 1482 a(Figure) 31 b(3.) g(Anal) o(ytic) g(results) g
(and) f(sim) n(ulation) h(re\255) -83 1582 y(sults) p
Fv -182 1916 a(Fig.) 25 b(2.) 40 b(The) 25 b(simulation) f(time) i(w) o
(as) g(50) e([s],) j(and) d(the) i(size) f(of) g(all) -182
2016 y(data) 20 b(pack) o(ets) g(w) o(as) h(equal) f(at) g(1000) f
([byte].) 24 b(Hencefor) n(th,) d(analy) n(tic) -182
2115 y(results) g(and) g(simulation) g(results) g(are) h(presente) n(d)
g(for) f(the) g(netw) o(ork) -182 2215 y(mod) n(el.) p
Fo -182 2424 a(5.2) 90 b(Analytic) 23 b(Resu) n(lts) h(and) e
(Simulation) h(Results) p Fv -83 2633 a(The) c(parameter) f(con\002gu) n
(ration) h(gi) n(v) o(e) n(n) h(to) f(the) h(netw) o(or) n(k) g(mod) n
(el) -182 2732 y(is) k(sho) n(wn) e(in) i(T) -7 b(able) 23
b(3.) 34 b(In) 23 b(add) n(ition,) h(grou) n(ping) e(of) h(TCP) h
(\003o) n(ws) g(is) -182 2832 y(perf) n(ormed) e(for) h(the) h(netw) o
(or) n(k) g(mode) n(l,) h(and) e(TCP) h(\003o) n(ws) g(are) g(clas-)
-182 2932 y(si\002ed) c(into) g(tw) o(o) h(gro) n(ups.) -83
3032 y(Analytic) f(results) h(and) e(simulation) h(results) h(are) f
(sho) n(wn) f(in) i(Fig.) -182 3131 y(3.) 29 b(Due) 21
b(to) h(space) g(limitation,) f(only) g(the) g(e) n(v) n(olution) g(of)
g(the) g(pack) o(et) -182 3231 y(loss) g(pro) n(bability) f(at) g(the) h
(latter) f(RED) h(rou) n(ter) g(is) g(presente) n(d.) -83
3331 y(P) o(ack) o(et) e(loss) g(proba) n(bilities) h(of) e(the) h
(forme) n(r) g(RED) h(rou) n(ter) f(in) g(an-) -182 3431
y(alytic) h(results) g(and) g(simulation) f(results) i(were) f(0.) -83
3531 y(One) 27 b(can) f(\002nd) g(that) g(the) h(pack) o(et) f(loss) h
(pro) n(bability) f(of) g(the) h(lat-) -182 3630 y(ter) h(RED) h(rou) n
(ter) g(is) g(dif) n(fe) n(rent) f(for) g(e) n(v) o(er) n(y) h(TCP) g
(mod) n(el.) 50 b(Specif-) -182 3730 y(ically) -5 b(,) 27
b(\223TCP) g(with) f(T) o(O2\224) n(,) i(\223TCP) f(with) g(T) o(O1) n
(\224,) h(and) e(\223TCP) h(w/o) -182 3830 y(T) o(O\224) 22
b(sho) n(w) g(closer) g(analytic) f(results) i(to) g(the) f(simulation)
f(result) i(in) -182 3929 y(this) 17 b(order) -5 b(.) 24
b(F) o(or) 17 b(instance,) g(re) o(ga) n(rding) f(the) i(a) n(v) o
(erag) n(e) g(queu) n(e) g(length,) -182 4029 y(the) 27
b(a) n(v) o(erag) n(e) h(v) n(alue) e(of) h(simulation) g(results) g
(is) h(64.88) n(0) f([pack) o(et],) -182 4129 y(the) g(analytic) g
(result) g(of) g(\223TCP) h(with) g(T) o(O2) n(\224) g(is) g(66.91) n
(0) f([pack) o(et],) -182 4228 y(the) g(analytic) g(result) g(of) g
(\223TCP) h(with) g(T) o(O1) n(\224) g(is) g(69.40) n(4) f([pack) o
(et],) -182 4328 y(and) 18 b(the) h(analytic) f(result) i(of) e
(\223TCP) i(w/o) f(T) o(O\224) g(is) h(71.) n(199) e([pack) o(et].) -182
4427 y(Ther) n(efore,) i(TCP) h(with) g(T) o(O2) f(pro) n(posed) g(in) h
(this) g(paper) e(sho) n(ws) i(the) -182 4527 y(high) n(est) g(accurac)
o(y) e(amon) n(g) h(three) g(models.) -83 4627 y(Ne) o(xt,) d(analytic)
f(results) h(and) f(simulation) f(results) i(for) f(chang) n(ing) -182
4727 y(the) h(numb) n(er) p Ft 18 w(N) p Fv 27 w(of) h(TCP) g(\003o) n
(ws,) g(the) g(processing) e(speed) p Ft 18 w(c) p Fv
18 w(of) h(RED) -182 4826 y(rou) n(ters,) 33 b(and) d(the) g(tw) o(o-w)
o(ay) g(pro) n(pagatio) n(n) h(delay) p Ft 29 w(\034) p
Fv 41 w(are) f(sho) n(wn.) -182 4926 y(Ho) n(we) n(v) m(er) m(,) k
(data) d(is) i(transmitted) d(only) h(from) f(TCP) j(conn) n(ections)
-182 5026 y(belon) n(ging) 19 b(to) i(the) f(grou) n(p) g(2.) -83
5126 y(W) -7 b(e) 19 b(obta) n(in) f(analytic) e(results) i(and) e
(simulation) h(results) g(for) g(total) -182 5225 y(350) g(sets) i(of) f
(param) n(eter) g(con\002gu) n(rations;) h(the) f(num) n(ber) p
Ft 18 w(N) p Fv 27 w(of) g(TCP) -182 5325 y(\003o) n(ws) 24
b(is) h(chang) n(ed) f(to) p Fs 25 w(5) d(+) f(5) p Fn
21 w(\002) p Ft 21 w(i) p Fv 24 w(\() p Fs(1) p Fn 30
w(\024) p Ft 30 w(i) p Fn 30 w(\024) p Fs 30 w(5) p Fv(\),) k(the) g
(processing) 2030 1299 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly
230 @urx 176 @ury 2227 @rwi @setspecial
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/C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
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/C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
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/C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
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/S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
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/S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
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/S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def
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/D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def
/D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def
/D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def
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/D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def
/D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def
/D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def
/D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def
/D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def
/D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def
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/TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
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/PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
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/Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def
/DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
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/TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
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/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
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714 420 M
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714 678 M
( 0.02) Rshow
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( 0) Cshow
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( 50) Cshow
1609 420 M
0 63 V
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( 100) Cshow
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( 150) Cshow
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( 200) Cshow
2826 420 M
0 63 V
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( 250) Cshow
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1.000 UL
LTb
798 420 M
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798 420 L
140 1386 M
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(Index) Cshow
1.000 UL
LT0
2711 2219 M
(Simulation) Rshow
2795 2219 M
399 0 V
806 540 M
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9 78 V
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8 66 V
8 -8 V
8 -26 V
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8 2 V
8 41 V
9 -27 V
8 1 V
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8 1 V
8 27 V
8 10 V
8 -22 V
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9 -2 V
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8 19 V
8 -18 V
8 5 V
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8 44 V
8 -43 V
8 6 V
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8 -16 V
8 40 V
8 -36 V
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8 29 V
8 -21 V
8 -6 V
9 20 V
8 -11 V
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8 8 V
8 -3 V
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8 23 V
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9 44 V
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8 26 V
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9 21 V
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8 -19 V
8 15 V
9 7 V
8 -16 V
8 16 V
8 -9 V
8 -4 V
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8 3 V
8 14 V
9 -16 V
8 13 V
8 6 V
8 -19 V
8 14 V
8 24 V
8 -1 V
8 -16 V
8 -14 V
9 13 V
8 12 V
8 -26 V
8 17 V
8 -6 V
8 4 V
8 -19 V
8 20 V
8 10 V
9 0 V
8 4 V
8 4 V
8 6 V
8 2 V
8 4 V
8 -17 V
8 20 V
8 -8 V
9 18 V
8 8 V
8 -9 V
8 -20 V
8 10 V
8 -7 V
8 24 V
8 -17 V
9 3 V
8 12 V
8 -15 V
8 28 V
8 -5 V
8 -8 V
8 7 V
8 5 V
8 -7 V
9 7 V
8 0 V
8 0 V
8 -12 V
8 16 V
8 -11 V
8 20 V
8 -4 V
8 -7 V
9 7 V
8 10 V
8 -17 V
8 22 V
8 0 V
8 -1 V
8 8 V
8 -9 V
8 3 V
9 -10 V
8 11 V
8 9 V
8 -1 V
8 2 V
8 -5 V
8 -2 V
8 11 V
8 0 V
9 -4 V
8 12 V
8 -5 V
8 19 V
8 7 V
8 -10 V
8 -10 V
8 14 V
9 -15 V
8 29 V
8 -15 V
8 5 V
8 21 V
8 -14 V
8 -7 V
8 18 V
8 16 V
9 -11 V
8 -2 V
8 -3 V
8 -27 V
8 43 V
8 -41 V
8 34 V
8 7 V
8 1 V
9 19 V
8 -33 V
8 20 V
8 -9 V
8 15 V
8 15 V
8 -17 V
8 11 V
8 -7 V
9 24 V
8 -7 V
8 -3 V
8 7 V
8 -1 V
8 -18 V
8 15 V
8 -4 V
9 -10 V
8 43 V
8 -17 V
8 32 V
8 2 V
8 -23 V
8 -7 V
8 -8 V
8 12 V
9 41 V
8 -17 V
8 -13 V
8 6 V
8 24 V
8 -27 V
8 16 V
8 17 V
8 2 V
9 7 V
8 -15 V
8 -4 V
8 34 V
8 2 V
8 -18 V
8 7 V
8 -3 V
8 13 V
9 4 V
8 19 V
8 6 V
8 -15 V
8 16 V
8 -15 V
8 31 V
8 -35 V
8 11 V
9 36 V
8 5 V
8 -9 V
8 12 V
8 7 V
8 -13 V
8 30 V
8 -3 V
9 -14 V
8 0 V
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8 19 V
8 -5 V
8 23 V
8 -32 V
8 40 V
8 3 V
9 -5 V
8 32 V
8 10 V
8 11 V
8 4 V
1.000 UL
LT1
2711 2079 M
(Analysis \(TCP w/o TO\)) Rshow
2795 2079 M
399 0 V
806 561 M
8 -124 V
8 94 V
8 25 V
9 0 V
8 -42 V
8 38 V
8 27 V
8 -37 V
8 40 V
8 49 V
8 -107 V
8 -5 V
9 -42 V
8 62 V
8 125 V
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8 -31 V
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8 51 V
8 -22 V
8 2 V
8 -31 V
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8 -15 V
8 35 V
9 0 V
8 82 V
8 -87 V
8 34 V
8 -55 V
8 26 V
8 -5 V
8 82 V
8 -39 V
9 -37 V
8 29 V
8 4 V
8 -22 V
8 -102 V
8 187 V
8 -138 V
8 162 V
8 -92 V
9 -21 V
8 57 V
8 -37 V
8 -15 V
8 44 V
8 5 V
8 -28 V
8 10 V
8 23 V
9 0 V
8 -39 V
8 6 V
8 1 V
8 17 V
8 13 V
8 4 V
8 -17 V
9 112 V
8 -78 V
8 -29 V
8 74 V
8 -12 V
8 -35 V
8 -23 V
8 0 V
8 58 V
9 -40 V
8 0 V
8 -31 V
8 13 V
8 41 V
8 13 V
8 -35 V
8 4 V
8 31 V
9 -5 V
8 -8 V
8 28 V
8 -29 V
8 14 V
8 -13 V
8 68 V
8 -72 V
8 12 V
9 0 V
8 -20 V
8 56 V
8 -45 V
8 11 V
8 32 V
8 -21 V
8 -13 V
9 27 V
8 -13 V
8 25 V
8 -13 V
8 16 V
8 -8 V
8 11 V
8 -18 V
8 32 V
9 -3 V
8 -42 V
8 22 V
8 16 V
8 7 V
8 -17 V
8 39 V
8 -15 V
8 -30 V
9 70 V
8 -58 V
8 18 V
8 0 V
8 -10 V
8 29 V
8 -32 V
8 53 V
8 -64 V
9 37 V
8 -1 V
8 0 V
8 6 V
8 5 V
8 -5 V
8 21 V
8 -30 V
8 30 V
9 -1 V
8 -15 V
8 32 V
8 -20 V
8 2 V
8 0 V
8 19 V
8 0 V
9 -8 V
8 12 V
8 26 V
8 -30 V
8 12 V
8 35 V
8 0 V
8 -24 V
8 -19 V
9 19 V
8 13 V
8 -32 V
8 34 V
8 -15 V
8 0 V
8 -16 V
8 29 V
8 10 V
9 -16 V
8 1 V
8 13 V
8 29 V
8 -15 V
8 11 V
8 -23 V
8 31 V
8 -20 V
9 37 V
8 4 V
8 -25 V
8 -16 V
8 1 V
8 19 V
8 25 V
8 -29 V
9 -4 V
8 33 V
8 -45 V
8 65 V
8 -34 V
8 10 V
8 -10 V
8 34 V
8 -23 V
9 -1 V
8 25 V
8 -19 V
8 -10 V
8 27 V
8 -34 V
8 35 V
8 -1 V
8 0 V
9 13 V
8 -14 V
8 1 V
8 14 V
8 2 V
8 12 V
8 5 V
8 -19 V
8 14 V
9 -29 V
8 38 V
8 18 V
8 -6 V
8 -5 V
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8 -5 V
8 11 V
8 -6 V
9 0 V
8 8 V
8 0 V
8 33 V
8 25 V
8 -26 V
8 -32 V
8 33 V
9 -33 V
8 58 V
8 -12 V
8 -15 V
8 19 V
8 8 V
8 -12 V
8 1 V
8 28 V
9 -11 V
8 11 V
8 9 V
8 -52 V
8 66 V
8 -68 V
8 33 V
8 14 V
8 3 V
9 25 V
8 -41 V
8 41 V
8 -21 V
8 22 V
8 14 V
8 5 V
8 -5 V
8 -22 V
9 41 V
8 -42 V
8 42 V
8 0 V
8 -3 V
8 -38 V
8 17 V
8 22 V
9 2 V
8 44 V
8 -50 V
8 50 V
8 -14 V
8 0 V
8 -18 V
8 -18 V
8 36 V
9 32 V
8 -3 V
8 -29 V
8 29 V
8 33 V
8 -61 V
8 32 V
8 27 V
8 -9 V
9 17 V
8 -8 V
8 -27 V
8 59 V
8 2 V
8 -2 V
8 -24 V
8 0 V
8 18 V
9 23 V
8 -4 V
8 4 V
8 17 V
8 -3 V
8 -18 V
8 55 V
8 -33 V
8 -23 V
9 38 V
8 18 V
8 0 V
8 -18 V
8 19 V
8 0 V
8 53 V
8 -18 V
9 -16 V
8 16 V
8 36 V
8 19 V
8 -18 V
8 37 V
8 -38 V
8 38 V
8 19 V
9 -19 V
8 39 V
8 0 V
8 19 V
8 20 V
1.000 UL
LT2
2711 1939 M
(Analysis \(TCP with TO1\)) Rshow
2795 1939 M
399 0 V
806 550 M
8 -130 V
8 102 V
8 23 V
9 1 V
8 -39 V
8 35 V
8 24 V
8 -38 V
8 41 V
8 44 V
8 -97 V
8 6 V
9 -82 V
8 90 V
8 112 V
8 -120 V
8 83 V
8 -27 V
8 -24 V
8 19 V
9 -26 V
8 45 V
8 -17 V
8 -1 V
8 -27 V
8 1 V
8 -7 V
8 -36 V
8 61 V
9 0 V
8 74 V
8 -84 V
8 36 V
8 -50 V
8 25 V
8 -5 V
8 73 V
8 -35 V
9 -34 V
8 28 V
8 3 V
8 -21 V
8 -125 V
8 202 V
8 -154 V
8 176 V
8 -83 V
9 -45 V
8 78 V
8 -33 V
8 -13 V
8 38 V
8 5 V
8 -25 V
8 10 V
8 19 V
9 0 V
8 -34 V
8 7 V
8 0 V
8 14 V
8 12 V
8 3 V
8 -15 V
9 101 V
8 -78 V
8 -39 V
8 87 V
8 -11 V
8 -31 V
8 -18 V
8 -1 V
8 50 V
9 -35 V
8 0 V
8 2 V
8 -17 V
8 35 V
8 12 V
8 -29 V
8 2 V
8 27 V
9 -3 V
8 -9 V
8 26 V
8 -24 V
8 10 V
8 -11 V
8 60 V
8 -51 V
8 -1 V
9 0 V
8 -17 V
8 50 V
8 -40 V
8 11 V
8 26 V
8 -19 V
8 -11 V
9 25 V
8 -10 V
8 24 V
8 -15 V
8 13 V
8 -7 V
8 10 V
8 -13 V
8 25 V
9 0 V
8 -37 V
8 18 V
8 13 V
8 6 V
8 -15 V
8 35 V
8 -12 V
8 -17 V
9 51 V
8 -49 V
8 15 V
8 5 V
8 -13 V
8 26 V
8 -26 V
8 42 V
8 -52 V
9 27 V
8 3 V
8 0 V
8 5 V
8 6 V
8 -6 V
8 17 V
8 -26 V
8 26 V
9 3 V
8 -14 V
8 25 V
8 -14 V
8 0 V
8 0 V
8 16 V
8 0 V
9 -6 V
8 14 V
8 19 V
8 -27 V
8 13 V
8 30 V
8 0 V
8 -20 V
8 -15 V
9 15 V
8 11 V
8 -26 V
8 27 V
8 -12 V
8 0 V
8 -12 V
8 23 V
8 9 V
9 -10 V
8 0 V
8 13 V
8 22 V
8 -8 V
8 7 V
8 -24 V
8 30 V
8 -17 V
9 35 V
8 2 V
8 -21 V
8 -16 V
8 4 V
8 12 V
8 22 V
8 -20 V
9 -7 V
8 27 V
8 -35 V
8 55 V
8 -25 V
8 4 V
8 -4 V
8 25 V
8 -20 V
9 1 V
8 23 V
8 -14 V
8 -12 V
8 25 V
8 -29 V
8 26 V
8 1 V
8 0 V
9 11 V
8 -6 V
8 -3 V
8 14 V
8 5 V
8 8 V
8 9 V
8 -22 V
8 13 V
9 -24 V
8 30 V
8 15 V
8 -3 V
8 -8 V
8 8 V
8 -8 V
8 11 V
8 -3 V
9 0 V
8 11 V
8 0 V
8 26 V
8 25 V
8 -23 V
8 -29 V
8 27 V
9 -26 V
8 51 V
8 -9 V
8 -12 V
8 14 V
8 7 V
8 -9 V
8 4 V
8 24 V
9 -8 V
8 8 V
8 6 V
8 -48 V
8 61 V
8 -60 V
8 33 V
8 9 V
8 8 V
9 20 V
8 -37 V
8 37 V
8 -23 V
8 23 V
8 16 V
8 1 V
8 -1 V
8 -19 V
9 34 V
8 -34 V
8 34 V
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@endspecial Fu 2073 1482 a(Figure) 31 b(4.) g(Anal) o(ytic) g(results) g
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b(in) g(se) o(veral) h(parameter) g(con\002guratio) n(ns) p
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(router) f(is) h(chang) n(ed) g(to) p Fs 28 w(0) p Ft(:) p
Fs(25) 22 b(+) i(0) p Ft(:) p Fs(25) p Fn 22 w(\002) p
Ft 24 w(j) p Fv 1974 2044 a([pack) m(et/ms]) e(\() p
Fs(1) p Fn 25 w(\024) p Ft 26 w(j) p Fn 31 w(\024) p
Fs 25 w(7) p Fv(\),) g(and) f(the) h(tw) o(o-w) o(ay) f(prop) n
(agation) g(de-) 1974 2143 y(lay) p Ft 21 w(\034) p Fv
32 w(is) h(chang) n(ed) f(to) p Fs 22 w(10) p Fn 18 w(\002) p
Ft 19 w(k) p Fv 24 w([ms]) g(\() p Fs(1) p Fn 24 w(\024) p
Ft 25 w(k) p Fn 28 w(\024) p Fs 24 w(10) p Fv(\).) 28
b(In) 21 b(additio) n(n,) 1974 2243 y(v) n(alues) h(sho) n(wn) f(in) h
(T) -7 b(able) 23 b(3) f(are) g(used) g(for) f(parameter) n(s) i(other)
f(than) p Ft 1974 2343 a(N) p Fv 9 w(,) p Ft 33 w(c) p
Fv(,) 34 b(and) p Ft 30 w(\034) p Fv 9 w(.) 57 b(Then,) 33
b(the) d(a) n(v) o(erage) g(queu) n(e) h(length) p 3582
2297 41 4 v Ft 30 w(q) p Fv 34 w(is) h(calcu-) 1974 2442
y(lated) c(from) g(simulation) g(results,) j(and) d(316) f(of) i(350) e
(analytic) h(re-) 1974 2542 y(sults,) h(which) d(satisfy) g(modeling) f
(assumption) n(s) j(\() p Fr(min) p Fq 3602 2554 a(th) p
Fn 3704 2542 a(\024) p 3803 2496 V Ft 34 w(q) p Fn 38
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a(th) p Fv 2242 2641 a(\),) k(are) f(comp) n(ared) f(with) g
(simulation) g(results.) 55 b(This) 31 b(as-) 1974 2741
y(sumptio) n(n) 19 b(is) h(require) n(d) f(since) h(the) f(pack) m(et) h
(loss) g(pro) n(bability) e(of) h(the) 1974 2841 y(bottlen) n(eck) h
(RED) h(router) e(in) i(steady) e(state) i(must) g(be) f(positi) n(v) o
(e) n(.) 2073 2947 y(Analytic) g(results) h(and) f(simulation) f
(results) i(are) f(sho) n(wn) g(in) g(Fig.) 1974 3046
y(4.) 51 b(The) 29 b(hor) n(izontal) g(axis) g(of) g(Fig.) 51
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3245 y(loss) 28 b(pro) n(bability) f(of) f(the) h(RED) h(router) -7
b(.) 47 b(From) 26 b(Fig.) 46 b(4,) 29 b(one) d(can) 1974
3345 y(\002nd) 36 b(that) h(the) f(accurac) m(y) h(of) f(our) g(analy) n
(tic) h(model) f(\223TCP) h(with) 1974 3445 y(T) o(O2\224) 30
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(param) n(eter) g(con-) 1974 3544 y(\002guratio) n(ns.) p
Fx 1974 3795 a(6) 99 b(Summary) 26 b(and) f(Futur) n(e) i(T) -9
b(opics) p Fv 2073 4030 a(In) 31 b(the) g(current) f(paper) m(,) j(an) e
(analy) n(sis) i(techniq) n(ue) e(for) g(closed-) 1974
4129 y(loop) k(netw) o(or) n(ks) i(with) e(multiple) h(feed) n(back) f
(loops) h(is) g(prop) n(osed) 1974 4229 y(throu) n(gh) 43
b(e) o(xp) n(ansion) g(of) f(the) i(analy) n(tical) g(mode) n(l) g
(prop) n(osed) f(in) 1974 4329 y(the) 34 b(literature) g([7].) 68
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(each) g(continu) n(ous-time) g(sys-) 1974 4926 y(tem.) 25
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(the) h(analy) n(sis) h(techniqu) n(e) f(pro-) 1974 5325
y(posed) 23 b(and) h(the) g(v) n(alidity) f(of) h(appro) n(ximation) f
(analysis) h(w) o(as) h(v) o(eri-) p dyy eop end
%%Page: 8 8
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26 w(http://www) n(.mathworks.) n(com/) p Ff(.) -131
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b(Flo) o(yd) i(and) f(V) -10 b(.) 17 b(Jacobso) r(n.) 23
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2154 1488 y(application) 30 b(to) g(RED.) 61 b(In) p
Fa 30 w(Pr) m(oceedings) 31 b(of) f(A) n(CM) f(SIGCOMM) 2154
1580 y(2000) p Ff(,) 19 b(page) r(s) f(151\226) r(160,) h(Aug.) g(2000)
r(.) 1988 1667 y([10]) 42 b(D.) 17 b(Nicol,) g(M.) g(Goldsby) m(,) g
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b(P) o(adhye,) i(V) -10 b(.) 23 b(Firoiu,) g(D.) f(T) -6
b(o) n(wsle) o(y) h(,) 24 b(and) g(J.) f(K) o(urose.) 40
b(Modeling) 2154 2028 y(TCP) 24 b(throug) r(hput:) 37
b(a) 26 b(simple) g(model) h(and) g(its) e(empirical) h(v) n(alida-)
2154 2119 y(tion.) 47 b(In) p Fa 26 w(Pr) m(oceedings) 26
b(of) f(A) n(CM) g(SIGCOMM) h('98) p Ff(,) h(pages) f(303\226) 2154
2211 y(314,) 19 b(Sept.) f(1998) r(.) p dyy eop end
%%Trailer

userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
%%EOF