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(deling)s 26 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 24 r (tra\016c)s f2 SF 523 1681 p (the)s 26 r (source)s 25 r (host:)s 26 r (i.e.,)s 26 r (the)s 25 r (time)s 26 r (in)s -1 r (terv)s -5 r (al)s 25 r (b)s 2 r (et)s -1 r (w)s -3 r (een)s 25 r (t)s -1 r (w)s -3 r (o)s 25 r (consecutiv)s -1 r (e)s 24 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 24 r (transmis-)s 523 1773 p (sions)s 33 r (from)s 34 r (the)s 33 r (source)s 34 r (host.)s 33 r (Use)s 33 r (of)s 34 r (the)s 33 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -3 r (et)s 33 r (in)s -2 r (ter-departure)s 33 r (time)s 33 r (is)s 34 r (straigh)s -2 r (t-)s 523 1864 p (forw)s -1 r (ard)s 24 r (since)s 26 r (it)s 25 r (directly)s 26 r (a\013ects)s 25 r (the)s 26 r (end-to-end)s 25 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 24 r (dela)s -1 r (y)s -7 r (.)s 24 r (As)s 26 r (the)s 25 r (output)s 26 r (from)s 523 1955 p (the)s 37 r (system,)s 37 r (w)s -2 r (e)s 36 r (use)s 37 r (a)s f17 SF 37 r (r)s -3 r (ound-trip)s 37 r (time)s 38 r (variation)s f2 SF 37 r (measured)s 37 r (b)s -2 r (y)s 36 r (the)s 37 r (source)s 37 r (host:)s 523 2046 p (i.e.,)s 35 r (the)s 35 r (di\013erence)s 35 r (in)s 36 r (t)s -2 r (w)s -2 r (o)s 34 r (consecutiv)s -1 r (e)s 34 r (round-trip)s 35 r (times.)s 35 r (W)s -6 r (e)s 35 r (c)s -2 r (ho)s 2 r (ose)s 35 r (the)s 35 r (round-)s 523 2137 p (trip)s 27 r (time)s 27 r (v)s -3 r (ariation,)s 26 r (instead)s 27 r (of)s 27 r (the)s 27 r (round-trip)s 27 r (time)s 27 r (itself,)s 27 r (as)s 27 r (the)s 27 r (output)s 27 r (from)s 27 r (the)s 523 2228 p (system.)s 33 r (This)s 33 r (c)s -1 r (hoice)s 32 r (is)s 33 r (for)s 33 r (reducing)s 33 r (unstationarit)s -1 r (y)s 32 r (of)s 33 r (noise)s 33 r (\(i.e.,)s 33 r (e\013ect)s 33 r (of)s 33 r (other)s 523 2319 p (tra\016c\))s 27 r (on)s 27 r (the)s 28 r (measured)s 27 r (round-trip)s 27 r (time)s 27 r (since)s 27 r (the)s 27 r (aggregated)s 27 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 26 r (tra\016c)s 27 r (at)s 523 2411 p (a)s 28 r (pac)s -2 r (k)s -2 r (et-lev)s -2 r (el)s 26 r (time)s 28 r (scale)s 28 r (is)s 27 r (not)s 28 r (stationary)s 28 r ([16].)s 648 2502 p (In)s 20 r (this)s 20 r (pap)s 2 r (er,)s 20 r (the)s 20 r (ARX)s 20 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 20 r (is)s 20 r (used)s 20 r (and)s 20 r (its)s 20 r (co)s 2 r (e\016cien)s -1 r (ts)s 19 r (are)s 20 r (determined)s 20 r (using)s 523 2593 p (system)s 25 r (iden)s -1 r (ti\014cation)s 24 r ([7].)s 25 r (Figure)s 25 r (2)s 25 r (illustrates)s 26 r (a)s 25 r (fundamen)s -2 r (tal)s 25 r (concept)s 25 r (of)s 25 r (using)s 25 r (the)s 523 2684 p (ARX)s 36 r (mo)s 3 r (del)s 36 r (for)s 36 r (mo)s 3 r (deling)s 36 r (the)s 37 r (pac)s -2 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 35 r (dela)s -1 r (y)s 35 r (dynamics.)s 37 r (The)s 36 r (input)s 37 r (to)s 36 r (the)s 36 r (ARX)s 523 2775 p (mo)s 2 r (del)s 37 r (is)s 37 r (a)s 37 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 36 r (in)s -2 r (ter-departure)s 36 r (time)s 37 r (from)s 37 r (the)s 37 r (source)s 37 r (host,)s 37 r (and)s 37 r (the)s 37 r (output)s 523 2866 p (from)s 24 r (the)s 23 r (ARX)s 24 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 24 r (is)s 23 r (a)s 24 r (round-trip)s 23 r (time)s 24 r (v)s -4 r (ariation)s 23 r (measured)s 23 r (at)s 24 r (the)s 23 r (source)s 24 r (host.)s 523 2958 p (E\013ects)s 35 r (of)s 35 r (other)s 35 r (tra\016c)s 35 r (\(i.e.,)s 36 r (pac)s -2 r (k)s -2 r (ets)s 34 r (coming)s 35 r (from)s 35 r (other)s 35 r (hosts\))s 35 r (are)s 36 r (mo)s 2 r (deled)s 35 r (as)s 523 3049 p (the)s 25 r (noise)s 25 r (to)s 24 r (the)s 25 r (ARX)s 25 r (mo)s 2 r (del.)s 25 r (Letting)s f5 SF 25 r (u)s f2 SF (\()s f5 SF (k)s f2 SF 2 r (\))s 25 r (and)s f5 SF 25 r (y)s f2 SF 3 r (\()s f5 SF (k)s f2 SF 3 r (\))s 24 r (b)s 3 r (e)s 24 r (the)s 25 r (input)s 25 r (and)s 25 r (the)s 24 r (output)s 523 3140 p (data)s 28 r (at)s 27 r (slot)s f5 SF 28 r (k)s f2 SF 3 r (,)s 27 r (the)s 28 r (ARX)s 28 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 28 r (is)s 27 r (defend)s 28 r (as)s f5 SF 1349 3293 p (A)s f2 SF (\()s f5 SF (q)s f2 SF 3 r (\))s f5 SF 14 r (y)s f2 SF 3 r (\()s f5 SF (k)s f2 SF 2 r (\))s 24 r (=)s f5 SF 23 r (B)s f2 SF 4 r (\()s f5 SF (q)s f2 SF 3 r (\))s f5 SF 14 r (u)s f2 SF (\()s f5 SF (k)s f7 SF 21 r (\000)s f5 SF 18 r (n)s f4 SF 2257 3306 p (d)s f2 SF 2296 3293 p (\))s 19 r (+)s f5 SF 18 r (e)s f2 SF (\()s f5 SF (k)s f2 SF 3 r (\))s 719 r (\(1\))s 523 3446 p (where)s f5 SF 28 r (A)s f2 SF (\()s f5 SF (q)s f2 SF 3 r (\))s 27 r (and)s f5 SF 28 r (B)s f2 SF 4 r (\()s f5 SF (q)s f2 SF 3 r (\))s 28 r (are)s 28 r (giv)s -2 r (en)s 27 r (b)s -1 r (y)s f5 SF 1308 3609 p (A)s f2 SF (\()s f5 SF (q)s f2 SF 3 r (\))s 23 r (=)s 23 r (1)s 19 r (+)s f5 SF 18 r (a)s f1 SF 1773 3622 p (1)s f5 SF 1810 3609 p (q)s f6 SF 1850 3575 p (\000)s f1 SF (1)s f2 SF 1958 3609 p (+)s f5 SF 18 r (:)s 14 r (:)s 14 r (:)s f2 SF 18 r (+)s f5 SF 19 r (a)s f4 SF 2283 3622 p (n)s f3 SF 2324 3630 p (a)s f5 SF 2364 3609 p (q)s f6 SF 2404 3575 p (\000)s f4 SF (n)s f3 SF 2497 3583 p (a)s f5 SF 1303 3735 p (B)s f2 SF 4 r (\()s f5 SF (q)s f2 SF 3 r (\))s 23 r (=)s f5 SF 24 r (b)s f1 SF 1621 3748 p (1)s f2 SF 1677 3735 p (+)s f5 SF 19 r (b)s f1 SF 1796 3748 p (2)s f5 SF 1833 3735 p (q)s f6 SF 1873 3701 p (\000)s f1 SF (1)s f2 SF 1981 3735 p (+)s f5 SF 18 r (:)s 14 r (:)s 14 r (:)s f2 SF 18 r (+)s f5 SF 19 r (b)s f4 SF 2298 3748 p (n)s f3 SF 2339 3756 p (b)s f5 SF 2373 3735 p (q)s f6 SF 2413 3701 p (\000)s f4 SF (n)s f3 SF 2506 3710 p (b)s f1 SF 2537 3701 p (+1)s f2 SF 523 3888 p (In)s 30 r (the)s 30 r (ab)s 3 r (o)s -2 r (v)s -2 r (e)s 29 r (equations,)s f5 SF 30 r (e)s f2 SF (\()s f5 SF (k)s f2 SF 3 r (\))s 30 r (is)s 30 r (unmeasurable)s 30 r (disturbance)s 30 r (\(i.e.,)s 31 r (noise\),)s 30 r (and)s f5 SF 30 r (q)s f6 SF 3316 3858 p (\000)s f1 SF (1)s f2 SF 523 3980 p (is)s 29 r (the)s 29 r (dela)s -1 r (y)s 28 r (op)s 3 r (erator;)s 29 r (i.e.,)s f5 SF 29 r (q)s f6 SF 1528 3949 p (\000)s f1 SF (1)s f5 SF 1618 3980 p (u)s f2 SF (\()s f5 SF (k)s f2 SF 2 r (\))s f7 SF 26 r (\021)s f5 SF 25 r (u)s f2 SF (\()s f5 SF (k)s f7 SF 22 r (\000)s f2 SF 20 r (1\).)s 29 r (The)s 29 r (n)s -1 r (um)s -2 r (b)s 1 r (ers)s f5 SF 29 r (n)s f4 SF 2805 3992 p (a)s f2 SF 2874 3980 p (and)s f5 SF 29 r (n)s f4 SF 3087 3992 p (b)s f2 SF 3149 3980 p (are)s 30 r (the)s 523 4071 p (orders)s 30 r (of)s 29 r (p)s 2 r (olynomials.)s 30 r (The)s 29 r (n)s -1 r (um)s -2 r (b)s 1 r (er)s f5 SF 30 r (n)s f4 SF 1884 4083 p (d)s f2 SF 1953 4071 p (corresp)s 2 r (onds)s 29 r (to)s 30 r (dela)s -1 r (ys)s 28 r (from)s 30 r (the)s 29 r (input)s 30 r (to)s 523 4162 p (the)s 28 r (output.)s 27 r (F)s -6 r (or)s 27 r (compact)s 28 r (notation,)s f5 SF 27 r (\020)s f2 SF 34 r (is)s 28 r (in)s -1 r (tro)s 1 r (duced)s 28 r (as)s f5 SF 1696 4315 p (\020)s f2 SF 30 r (=)s 23 r ([)s f5 SF (n)s f4 SF 1923 4328 p (a)s f5 SF 1963 4315 p (;)s 14 r (n)s f4 SF 2050 4328 p (b)s f5 SF 2083 4315 p (;)s 14 r (n)s f4 SF 2170 4328 p (d)s f2 SF 2208 4315 p (])s 1068 r (\(2\))s 523 4468 p (In)s 31 r (our)s 31 r (case,)s f5 SF 31 r (u)s f2 SF (\()s f5 SF (k)s f2 SF 3 r (\))s 31 r (and)s f5 SF 31 r (y)s f2 SF 3 r (\()s f5 SF (k)s f2 SF 2 r (\))s 31 r (corresp)s 3 r (ond)s 31 r (to)s f5 SF 31 r (k)s f2 SF 2 r (-th)s 31 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 30 r (in)s -1 r (ter-departure)s 30 r (time)s 31 r (and)s f5 SF 523 4560 p (k)s f2 SF 3 r (-th)s 22 r (round-trip)s 23 r (time)s 23 r (v)s -4 r (ariation.)s 22 r (All)s 23 r (co)s 2 r (e\016cien)s -1 r (ts)s 21 r (of)s 23 r (the)s 23 r (p)s 2 r (olynomials,)s f5 SF 23 r (a)s f4 SF 2943 4572 p (n)s f2 SF 3011 4560 p (and)s f5 SF 23 r (b)s f4 SF 3203 4572 p (n)s f2 SF 3248 4560 p (,)s 23 r (are)s 523 4651 p (parameters)s 25 r (of)s 24 r (the)s 25 r (ARX)s 24 r (mo)s 3 r (del,)s 24 r (and)s 25 r (are)s 24 r (to)s 25 r (b)s 2 r (e)s 25 r (determined)s 24 r (from)s 25 r (input)s 24 r (and)s 25 r (output)s 523 4742 p (data)s 28 r (using)s 27 r (system)s 28 r (iden)s -1 r (ti\014cation.)s 26 r (Refer)s 28 r (to)s 28 r ([7])s 27 r (for)s 28 r (the)s 28 r (detail)s 27 r (of)s 28 r (the)s 28 r (ARX)s 27 r (mo)s 3 r (del.)s 648 4833 p (Our)s 42 r (approac)s -2 r (h)s 42 r (of)s 42 r (a)s 42 r (blac)s -1 r (k-b)s 1 r (o)s -1 r (x)s 41 r (mo)s 2 r (deling)s 43 r (using)s 42 r (the)s 42 r (ARX)s 42 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 43 r (is)s 42 r (distinc-)s 523 4924 p (tiv)s -1 r (e)s 37 r (from)s 39 r (other)s 38 r (blac)s -1 r (k-b)s 1 r (o)s -1 r (x)s 37 r (approac)s -1 r (hes,)s 37 r (whic)s -1 r (h)s 38 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 38 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 37 r (tra\016c)s 39 r (using)s 38 r (the)s EP %%Page: 5 5 BP f10 SF 1202 232 p (On)s 26 r (Mo)s 2 r (deling)s 26 r (Round-T)s -6 r (rip)s 25 r (Time)s 25 r (Dynamics)s 26 r (of)s 26 r (the)s 25 r (In)s -1 r (ternet)s 236 r (5)s f2 SF 523 448 p (AR)s 28 r (\(Auto-Regressiv)s -1 r (e\))s 27 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 28 r (or)s 28 r (the)s 28 r (ARMA)s 29 r (\(Auto-Regressiv)s -2 r (e)s 27 r (Mo)s -1 r (ving)s 27 r (Av)s -1 r (erage\))s 523 539 p (mo)s 2 r (del)s 34 r ([13,)s 14 r (17,)s 14 r (18].)s 34 r (Figure)s 34 r (3)s 33 r (illustrates)s 34 r (a)s 34 r (t)s -1 r (ypical)s 33 r (usage)s 33 r (of)s 34 r (the)s 34 r (AR)s 34 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 34 r (or)s 34 r (the)s 523 631 p (ARMA)s 25 r (mo)s 3 r (del)s 25 r (for)s 26 r (mo)s 2 r (deling)s 25 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 24 r (tra\016c.)s 26 r (Comparing)s 25 r (Figs.)s 26 r (2)s 25 r (and)s 51 r (3,)s 26 r (the)s 25 r (ARX)s 523 722 p (mo)s 2 r (del)s 35 r (has)s 35 r (the)s 35 r (input)s 34 r (whereas)s 35 r (either)s 35 r (the)s 34 r (AR)s 35 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 35 r (or)s 35 r (the)s 35 r (ARMA)s 34 r (mo)s 3 r (del)s 34 r (do)s 3 r (es)s 523 813 p (not.)s 28 r (In)s 27 r (other)s 28 r (w)s -2 r (ords,)s 27 r (only)s 27 r (the)s 28 r (ARX)s 27 r (mo)s 3 r (del)s 27 r (can)s 28 r (represen)s -2 r (t)s 27 r (the)s 27 r (dynamics,)s 28 r (i.e.,)s 27 r (ho)s -1 r (w)s 523 904 p (the)s 28 r (past)s 27 r (input)s 28 r (data)s 28 r (a\013ects)s 27 r (the)s 28 r (future)s 28 r (output)s 27 r (data.)s 648 995 p (Note)s 29 r (that)s 30 r (the)s 30 r (ARX)s 29 r (mo)s 3 r (del)s 29 r (has)s 30 r (a)s 30 r (dra)s -1 r (wbac)s -3 r (k)s 29 r (in)s 30 r (mo)s 2 r (deling)s 30 r (the)s 29 r (round-trip)s 30 r (time)s 523 1086 p (dynamics;)s 25 r (i.e.,)s 24 r (the)s 25 r (ARX)s 24 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 25 r (is)s 24 r (a)s 25 r (linear)s 25 r (time-in)s -2 r (v)s -4 r (arian)s -3 r (t)s 24 r (mo)s 2 r (del,)s 25 r (so)s 24 r (it)s 25 r (cannot)s 24 r (rig-)s 523 1178 p (orously)s 27 r (capture)s 26 r (non-linearit)s -1 r (y)s 26 r (of)s 26 r (the)s 27 r (round-trip)s 27 r (time)s 26 r (dynamics.)s 27 r (But)s 26 r (it)s 27 r (should)s 27 r (b)s 2 r (e)s 523 1269 p (noted)s 22 r (that)s 23 r (the)s 22 r (ARX)s 23 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 23 r (is)s 22 r (applicable)s 23 r (in)s 22 r (v)s -4 r (arious)s 22 r (con)s -1 r (trol)s 21 r (engineering)s 22 r (problems.)s 523 1360 p (This)s 25 r (is)s 26 r (b)s 2 r (ecause)s 25 r (non-linear)s 26 r (dynamical)s 25 r (systems)s 25 r (op)s 3 r (erating)s 25 r (around)s 25 r (the)s 26 r (stable)s 25 r (p)s 2 r (oin)s -1 r (t)s 523 1451 p (can)s 32 r (b)s 3 r (e)s 32 r (w)s -1 r (ell)s 31 r (appro)s -1 r (ximated)s 31 r (b)s -1 r (y)s 32 r (a)s 32 r (linear)s 32 r (system)s 33 r ([7].)s 32 r (In)s 33 r (Section)s 32 r (5,)s 33 r (w)s -2 r (e)s 32 r (will)s 32 r (in)s -1 r (v)s -3 r (esti-)s 523 1542 p (gate)s 24 r (ho)s -2 r (w)s 23 r (accurately)s 24 r (the)s 24 r (round-trip)s 23 r (time)s 24 r (dynamics)s 24 r (can)s 23 r (b)s 3 r (e)s 23 r (describ)s 3 r (ed)s 23 r (b)s -1 r (y)s 23 r (the)s 23 r (ARX)s 523 1633 p (mo)s 2 r (del.)s 648 1724 p (The)s 37 r (system)s 38 r (iden)s -1 r (ti\014cation)s 36 r (problem)s 38 r (for)s 38 r (the)s 38 r (ARX)s 37 r (mo)s 3 r (del)s 38 r (is)s 37 r (form)s -1 r (ulated)s 37 r (as)s 37 r (a)s 523 1816 p (minimization)s 34 r (problem,)s 34 r (where)s 34 r (the)s 34 r (cost)s 34 r (function)s 34 r (is)s 34 r (giv)s -2 r (en)s 33 r (b)s -1 r (y)s 33 r (a)s 34 r (loss)s 34 r (function)s 34 r ([7].)s 523 1907 p (Because)s 30 r (of)s 30 r (space)s 30 r (limitation,)s 31 r (only)s 30 r (the)s 30 r (outline)s 30 r (is)s 30 r (sho)s -1 r (wn)s 29 r (in)s 30 r (this)s 30 r (pap)s 3 r (er,)s 30 r (and)s 30 r (in)s -1 r (ter-)s 523 1998 p (ested)s 28 r (readers)s 27 r (should)s 28 r (refer)s 28 r (to)s 27 r ([7])s 28 r (for)s 28 r (more)s 27 r (detail.)s 648 2089 p (Let)s f5 SF 22 r (\022)s f2 SF 24 r (b)s 2 r (e)s 22 r (a)s 23 r (v)s -2 r (ector)s 21 r (of)s 22 r (all)s 22 r (co)s 3 r (e\016cien)s -2 r (ts)s 22 r (and)s f5 SF 22 r ( )s f2 SF 3 r (\()s f5 SF (k)s f2 SF 2 r (\))s 22 r (b)s 3 r (e)s 22 r (a)s 22 r (v)s -2 r (ector)s 22 r (of)s 22 r (all)s 22 r (past)s f5 SF 22 r (n)s f4 SF 3065 2102 p (a)s f2 SF 3128 2089 p (outputs)s 523 2180 p (and)s f5 SF 28 r (n)s f4 SF 734 2193 p (b)s f2 SF 795 2180 p (inputs,)s 28 r (resp)s 2 r (ectiv)s -1 r (ely)s -7 r (.)s f5 SF 1309 2322 p (\022)s f2 SF 26 r (=)s 23 r ([)s f5 SF (a)s f1 SF 1528 2334 p (1)s f5 SF 1566 2322 p (;)s 14 r (:)s 13 r (:)s 14 r (:)s 14 r (;)s 14 r (a)s f4 SF 1794 2334 p (n)s f3 SF 1835 2342 p (a)s f5 SF 1876 2322 p (;)s 13 r (b)s f1 SF 1948 2334 p (1)s f5 SF 1985 2322 p (;)s 14 r (:)s 14 r (:)s 14 r (:)s 14 r (b)s f4 SF 2169 2334 p (n)s f3 SF 2210 2343 p (b)s f2 SF 2244 2322 p (])s f4 SF 2267 2287 p (T)s f2 SF 3299 2322 p (\(3\))s f5 SF 1183 2438 p ( )s f2 SF 3 r (\()s f5 SF (k)s f2 SF 3 r (\))s 23 r (=)s 23 r ([)s f7 SF (\000)s f5 SF (y)s f2 SF 3 r (\()s f5 SF (k)s f7 SF 21 r (\000)s f2 SF 19 r (1\))s f5 SF (;)s 13 r (:)s 14 r (:)s 14 r (:)s 14 r (;)s f7 SF 14 r (\000)s f5 SF (y)s f2 SF 3 r (\()s f5 SF (k)s f7 SF 21 r (\000)s f5 SF 18 r (n)s f4 SF 2368 2450 p (a)s f2 SF 2409 2438 p (\))s f5 SF (;)s 1462 2566 p (u)s f2 SF (\()s f5 SF (k)s f7 SF 21 r (\000)s f5 SF 18 r (n)s f4 SF 1738 2578 p (d)s f7 SF 1796 2566 p (\000)s f2 SF 18 r (1\))s f5 SF (;)s 14 r (:)s 14 r (:)s 14 r (:)s 13 r (;)s 14 r (u)s f2 SF (\()s f5 SF (k)s f7 SF 21 r (\000)s f5 SF 19 r (n)s f4 SF 2414 2578 p (d)s f7 SF 2471 2566 p (\000)s f5 SF 18 r (n)s f4 SF 2604 2578 p (b)s f2 SF 2637 2566 p (\)])s f4 SF 2693 2531 p (T)s f2 SF 3299 2566 p (\(4\))s 523 2707 p (Using)s 28 r (Eq.)s 27 r (\(1\),)s 28 r (the)s 28 r (output)s 27 r (from)s 28 r (the)s 28 r (ARX)s 27 r (mo)s 3 r (del)s 33 r (^)s f5 SF -46 r (y)s f2 SF 2 r (\()s f5 SF (k)s f7 SF 2 r (j)s f5 SF (\022)s f2 SF 3 r (\))s 27 r (is)s 28 r (giv)s -1 r (en)s 26 r (b)s -1 r (y)s 1667 2860 p (^)s f5 SF -46 r (y)s f2 SF 2 r (\()s f5 SF (k)s f7 SF 3 r (j)s f5 SF (\022)s f2 SF 2 r (\))s 23 r (=)s f5 SF 24 r ( )s f4 SF 2048 2826 p (T)s f2 SF 2101 2860 p (\()s f5 SF (k)s f2 SF 2 r (\))s f5 SF 14 r (\022)s f2 SF 1035 r (\(5\))s 523 3001 p (The)s 21 r (loss)s 21 r (function)s f5 SF 21 r (V)s f4 SF 1205 3014 p (N)s f2 SF 1268 3001 p (\()s f5 SF (\022)s 2 r (;)s 14 r (Z)s f4 SF 1441 2971 p (N)s f2 SF 1504 3001 p (\))s 21 r (is)s 21 r (de\014ned)s 21 r (as)s 21 r (the)s 21 r (sum)s 21 r (of)s 20 r (all)s 21 r (squared)s 21 r (prediction)s 21 r (errors)s 523 3092 p (for)s f5 SF 28 r (N)s f2 SF 36 r (input)s 28 r (and)s 28 r (output)s 27 r (data.)s f5 SF 1316 3319 p (V)s f4 SF 1364 3331 p (N)s f2 SF 1427 3319 p (\()s f5 SF (\022)s 2 r (;)s 14 r (Z)s f4 SF 1600 3285 p (N)s f2 SF 1663 3319 p (\))s 23 r (=)s 1833 3263 p (1)s 1816 3300 p 76 3 ru f5 SF 1816 3376 p (N)s f4 SF 1947 3215 p (N)s f0 SF 1916 3240 p (X)s f4 SF 1916 3419 p (k)s f1 SF 1 r (=1)s f2 SF 2037 3319 p (\()s f5 SF (y)s f2 SF 3 r (\()s f5 SF (k)s f2 SF 2 r (\))s f7 SF 19 r (\000)s f2 SF 24 r (^)s f5 SF -46 r (y)s f2 SF 2 r (\()s f5 SF (k)s f7 SF 2 r (j)s f5 SF (\022)s f2 SF 2 r (\)\))s f1 SF 2575 3285 p (2)s f2 SF 3299 3319 p (\(6\))s 523 3543 p (where)s f5 SF 28 r (Z)s f4 SF 826 3513 p (n)s f2 SF 899 3543 p (is)s 27 r (the)s 28 r (past)s 28 r (input)s 27 r (and)s 28 r (output)s 28 r (data)s 27 r (de\014ned)s 28 r (as)s f5 SF 1337 3684 p (Z)s f4 SF 1400 3650 p (N)s f2 SF 1486 3684 p (=)s f7 SF 23 r (f)s f5 SF (u)s f2 SF (\(1\))s f5 SF (;)s 14 r (y)s f2 SF 3 r (\(1\))s f5 SF (;)s 14 r (:)s 14 r (:)s 14 r (:)s 14 r (;)s 13 r (u)s f2 SF (\()s f5 SF (N)s f2 SF 9 r (\))s f5 SF (;)s 14 r (y)s f2 SF 3 r (\()s f5 SF (N)s f2 SF 9 r (\))s f7 SF (g)s f2 SF 709 r (\(7\))s 523 3843 p (The)s 24 r (solution)s 1008 3821 p (^)s f5 SF 1001 3843 p (\022)s f4 SF 1040 3856 p (N)s f2 SF 1127 3843 p (that)s 24 r (minimizes)s 24 r (the)s 24 r (ab)s 3 r (o)s -2 r (v)s -2 r (e)s 23 r (loss)s 24 r (function)s 25 r (is)s 24 r (easily)s 24 r (obtained)s 24 r (b)s -1 r (y)s 23 r (the)s 523 3934 p (least)s 28 r (squares)s 27 r (metho)s 3 r (d:)s 1275 4156 p (^)s f5 SF 1269 4178 p (\022)s f4 SF 1308 4190 p (N)s f2 SF 1394 4178 p (=)s f0 SF 1482 4036 p (")s f4 SF 1561 4074 p (N)s f0 SF 1530 4099 p (X)s f4 SF 1530 4277 p (k)s f1 SF 1 r (=1)s f5 SF 1665 4178 p ( )s f2 SF 3 r (\()s f5 SF (k)s f2 SF 2 r (\))s f5 SF ( )s f4 SF 1889 4143 p (T)s f2 SF 1941 4178 p (\()s f5 SF (k)s f2 SF 3 r (\))s f0 SF 2052 4036 p (#)s f6 SF 2100 4046 p (\000)s f1 SF (1)s f4 SF 2234 4074 p (N)s f0 SF 2204 4099 p (X)s f4 SF 2203 4277 p (k)s f1 SF 2 r (=1)s f5 SF 2338 4178 p ( )s f2 SF 3 r (\()s f5 SF (k)s f2 SF 2 r (\))s f5 SF (y)s f2 SF 3 r (\()s f5 SF (k)s f2 SF 3 r (\))s 639 r (\(8\))s f16 SF 523 4486 p (4)s 112 r (Measuremen)s -2 r (t)s 36 r (Metho)s 3 r (ds)s f2 SF 523 4651 p (F)s -6 r (or)s 30 r (collecting)s 30 r (the)s 31 r (input)s 31 r (and)s 30 r (output)s 31 r (data)s 31 r (from)s 30 r (real)s 31 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -3 r (orks,)s 30 r (it)s 31 r (is)s 30 r (necessary)s 31 r (to)s 523 4742 p (send)s 30 r (a)s 30 r (series)s 30 r (of)s 30 r (prob)s 2 r (e)s 30 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -3 r (ets)s 29 r (in)s -1 r (to)s 29 r (the)s 30 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -3 r (ork,)s 29 r (and)s 30 r (to)s 30 r (measure)s 30 r (their)s 30 r (resulting)s 523 4833 p (round-trip)s 29 r (times.)s 29 r (F)s -6 r (or)s 28 r (sending)s 29 r (prob)s 2 r (e)s 29 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -3 r (ets,)s 28 r (one)s 29 r (of)s 29 r (the)s 29 r (follo)s -1 r (wing)s 27 r (proto)s 3 r (cols)s 29 r (can)s 523 4924 p (b)s 2 r (e)s 28 r (used.)s EP %%Page: 6 6 BP f10 SF 523 232 p (6)s 237 r (Hiro)s -1 r (yuki)s 25 r (Ohsaki)s 25 r (et)s 26 r (al.)s f18 SF 575 448 p ({)s f2 SF 41 r (TCP)s 28 r (\(T)s -6 r (ransmission)s 27 r (Con)s -1 r (trol)s 26 r (Proto)s 3 r (col\))s f18 SF 575 532 p ({)s f2 SF 41 r (UDP)s 28 r (\(User)s 28 r (Datagram)s 27 r (Proto)s 3 r (col\))s f18 SF 575 616 p ({)s f2 SF 41 r (ICMP)s 28 r (\(In)s -1 r (ternet)s 26 r (Con)s -1 r (trol)s 27 r (Message)s 28 r (Proto)s 2 r (col\))s 523 745 p (In)s 27 r (what)s 28 r (follo)s -2 r (ws,)s 27 r (w)s -1 r (e)s 26 r (discuss)s 27 r (adv)s -3 r (an)s -3 r (tages)s 27 r (and)s 27 r (disadv)s -3 r (an)s -3 r (tages)s 27 r (of)s 27 r (these)s 27 r (proto)s 3 r (cols)s 27 r (for)s 523 836 p (sending)s 35 r (prob)s 2 r (e)s 34 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -2 r (ets)s 33 r (to)s 35 r (collect)s 35 r (the)s 34 r (input)s 35 r (and)s 34 r (output)s 35 r (data,)s 34 r (in)s 35 r (particular,)s 34 r (for)s 523 927 p (system)s 28 r (iden)s -2 r (ti\014cation.)s 648 1018 p (TCP)s 23 r (has)s 24 r (a)s 24 r (feedbac)s -1 r (k-based)s 23 r (congestion)s 23 r (con)s -1 r (trol)s 23 r (mec)s -1 r (hanism,)s 22 r (whic)s -1 r (h)s 23 r (con)s -1 r (trols)s 22 r (the)s 523 1110 p (pac)s -1 r (k)s -3 r (et)s 27 r (sending)s 27 r (pro)s 2 r (cess)s 27 r (from)s 28 r (a)s 27 r (source)s 27 r (host)s 27 r (according)s 27 r (to)s 28 r (the)s 27 r (congestion)s 27 r (status)s 27 r (of)s 523 1201 p (the)s 34 r (net)s -2 r (w)s -2 r (ork.)s 33 r (Since)s 33 r (it)s 34 r (is)s 33 r (an)s 34 r (A)s -1 r (CK-based)s 32 r (proto)s 3 r (col,)s 33 r (it)s 34 r (is)s 34 r (easy)s 33 r (for)s 34 r (the)s 33 r (source)s 34 r (host)s 523 1292 p (to)s 32 r (measure)s 32 r (the)s 32 r (round-trip)s 32 r (time)s 32 r (for)s 31 r (eac)s -1 r (h)s 31 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -3 r (et.)s 31 r (Ho)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (ev)s -3 r (er,)s 31 r (TCP)s 32 r (is)s 32 r (not)s 32 r (suitable)s 523 1383 p (for)s 34 r (sending)s 35 r (a)s 34 r (prob)s 3 r (e)s 34 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 33 r (b)s 2 r (ecause)s 35 r (of)s 34 r (the)s 35 r (follo)s -2 r (wing)s 34 r (reasons.)s 34 r (First,)s 35 r (for)s 34 r (system)s 523 1474 p (iden)s -1 r (ti\014cation)s 37 r (purp)s 3 r (oses,)s 38 r (the)s 39 r (input)s 39 r (data)s 38 r (\(i.e.,)s 39 r (the)s 39 r (pac)s -2 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 38 r (in)s -2 r (ter-departure)s 38 r (time\))s 523 1565 p (should)s 34 r (con)s -1 r (tain)s 33 r (div)s -2 r (erse)s 33 r (frequencies.)s 34 r (So)s 34 r (the)s 34 r (white)s 34 r (noise,)s 34 r (whic)s -1 r (h)s 33 r (equally)s 34 r (con)s -1 r (tains)s 523 1656 p (all)s 25 r (frequencies,)s 25 r (is)s 25 r (the)s 25 r (ideal)s 25 r (input)s 26 r (data)s 25 r (for)s 25 r (system)s 25 r (iden)s -1 r (ti\014cation)s 24 r ([7].)s 25 r (Ho)s -2 r (w)s -2 r (ev)s -2 r (er,)s 24 r (the)s 523 1748 p (pac)s -1 r (k)s -3 r (et)s 29 r (in)s -1 r (ter-departure)s 29 r (pro)s 2 r (cess)s 30 r (of)s 29 r (TCP)s 30 r (w)s -1 r (ould)s 29 r (ha)s -2 r (v)s -2 r (e)s 29 r (limited)s 29 r (frequencies.)s 30 r (Second,)s 523 1839 p (most)s 33 r (of)s 33 r (system)s 34 r (iden)s -2 r (ti\014cation)s 32 r (tec)s -1 r (hniques)s 32 r (assume)s 33 r (an)s 34 r (indep)s 2 r (endence)s 33 r (b)s 2 r (et)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (een)s 32 r (the)s 523 1930 p (input)s 34 r (and)s 33 r (output)s 34 r (data.)s 34 r (Ho)s -2 r (w)s -2 r (ev)s -2 r (er,)s 32 r (b)s 3 r (ecause)s 33 r (of)s 34 r (a)s 34 r (feedbac)s -2 r (k-based)s 33 r (nature)s 34 r (of)s 33 r (TCP)s -6 r (,)s 523 2021 p (the)s 34 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -3 r (et)s 33 r (in)s -1 r (ter-departure)s 33 r (time)s 34 r (is)s 34 r (dep)s 3 r (enden)s -2 r (t)s 33 r (on)s 34 r (the)s 34 r (past)s 34 r (round-trip)s 34 r (times,)s 34 r (so)s 523 2112 p (the)s 28 r (indep)s 2 r (endence)s 28 r (assumption)s 27 r (cannot)s 28 r (b)s 2 r (e)s 28 r (satis\014ed)s 28 r (with)s 27 r (TCP)s -6 r (.)s 648 2203 p (On)s 43 r (the)s 43 r (con)s -2 r (trary)s -6 r (,)s 42 r (UDP)s 43 r (has)s 43 r (no)s 43 r (feedbac)s -1 r (k-based)s 42 r (con)s -2 r (trol.)s 42 r (The)s 44 r (pac)s -2 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 42 r (in)s -1 r (ter-)s 523 2295 p (departure)s 36 r (time)s 35 r (of)s 36 r (UDP)s 36 r (can)s 36 r (b)s 2 r (e)s 36 r (freely)s 35 r (con)s -1 r (trolled.)s 35 r (Ho)s -1 r (w)s -3 r (ev)s -2 r (er,)s 35 r (UDP)s 35 r (is)s 36 r (a)s 36 r (one-w)s -1 r (a)s -3 r (y)s 523 2386 p (proto)s 2 r (col.)s 38 r (The)s 38 r (destination)s 37 r (host)s 38 r (m)s -2 r (ust)s 37 r (p)s 2 r (erform)s 38 r (some)s 38 r (pro)s 2 r (cedure)s 37 r (to)s 38 r (measure)s 38 r (the)s 523 2477 p (round-trip)s 32 r (time)s 33 r (for)s 32 r (eac)s -1 r (h)s 32 r (pac)s -2 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 31 r (at)s 33 r (the)s 32 r (sender)s 33 r (side.)s 32 r (One)s 33 r (p)s 2 r (ossible)s 32 r (w)s -1 r (a)s -2 r (y)s 31 r (is)s 33 r (to)s 32 r (use)s f17 SF 523 2568 p (ICMP)s 25 r (Destination)s 24 r (Unr)s -3 r (e)s -4 r (achable)s f2 SF 21 r (message)s 22 r (as)s 22 r (in)s 22 r (the)s f17 SF 22 r (tr)s -3 r (ac)s -4 r (er)s -4 r (oute)s f2 SF 21 r (program)s 22 r ([19].)s 22 r (When)s 523 2659 p (the)s 32 r (host)s 31 r (receiv)s -1 r (es)s 31 r (a)s 31 r (UDP)s 32 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -3 r (et)s 31 r (to)s 32 r (an)s 31 r (unreac)s -1 r (hable)s 31 r (p)s 2 r (ort,)s 31 r (it)s 32 r (returns)s 32 r (ICMP)s 31 r (Des-)s 523 2750 p (tination)s 27 r (Unreac)s -1 r (hable)s 26 r (message)s 27 r (to)s 27 r (the)s 27 r (source)s 27 r (host.)s 27 r (The)s 27 r (source)s 27 r (host)s 27 r (can)s 27 r (therefore)s 523 2841 p (measure)s 34 r (the)s 34 r (round-trip)s 34 r (time)s 34 r (b)s -2 r (y)s 33 r (observing)s 34 r (the)s 34 r (elapsed)s 34 r (time)s 34 r (b)s 2 r (et)s -1 r (w)s -3 r (een)s 33 r (the)s 34 r (UDP)s 523 2933 p (pac)s -1 r (k)s -3 r (et)s 20 r (transmission)s 20 r (and)s 21 r (the)s 20 r (receipt)s 21 r (of)s 20 r (the)s 21 r (corresp)s 2 r (onding)s 21 r (ICMP)s 20 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -3 r (et.)s 20 r (Ho)s -1 r (w)s -3 r (ev)s -2 r (er,)s 523 3024 p (as)s 20 r (sp)s 2 r (eci\014ed)s 21 r (in)s 20 r ([20],)s 20 r (generation)s 20 r (of)s 20 r (ICMP)s 20 r (Destination)s 20 r (Unreac)s -1 r (hable)s 19 r (messages)s 20 r (is)s 21 r (lim-)s 523 3115 p (ited)s 32 r (to)s 32 r (a)s 32 r (lo)s -1 r (w)s 31 r (rate.)s 31 r (Use)s 32 r (of)s 32 r (ICMP)s 32 r (Destination)s 32 r (Unreac)s -1 r (hable)s 31 r (message)s 32 r (is)s 32 r (therefore)s 523 3206 p (not)s 28 r (desirable)s 27 r (to)s 28 r (collect)s 28 r (the)s 27 r (input)s 28 r (and)s 28 r (output)s 27 r (data)s 28 r (for)s 28 r (system)s 27 r (iden)s -1 r (ti\014cation.)s 648 3297 p (ICMP)s 22 r (is)s 22 r (a)s 22 r (proto)s 2 r (col)s 22 r (to)s 22 r (exc)s -1 r (hange)s 21 r (con)s -1 r (trol)s 21 r (messages)s 22 r (suc)s -1 r (h)s 21 r (as)s 22 r (routing)s 22 r (information)s 523 3388 p (and)s 38 r (no)s 2 r (de)s 37 r (failures)s 38 r ([21].)s 38 r (Since)s 37 r (ICMP)s 38 r (has)s 37 r (no)s 38 r (feedbac)s -1 r (k-based)s 36 r (con)s -1 r (trol,)s 36 r (the)s 38 r (in)s -1 r (ter-)s 523 3480 p (departure)s 40 r (time)s 41 r (of)s 40 r (ICMP)s 41 r (pac)s -2 r (k)s -2 r (ets)s 40 r (can)s 40 r (b)s 2 r (e)s 41 r (freely)s 40 r (con)s -1 r (trolled.)s 39 r (Also)s 41 r (it)s 40 r (is)s 41 r (easy)s 40 r (to)s 523 3571 p (measure)s 21 r (the)s 22 r (round-trip)s 21 r (time)s 21 r (at)s 21 r (the)s 22 r (source)s 21 r (host)s 21 r (b)s -1 r (y)s 20 r (using)s f17 SF 21 r (ICMP)s 24 r (Echo)s 24 r (R)s -3 r (e)s -5 r (quest)s f2 SF 21 r (and)s f17 SF 523 3662 p (ICMP)s 26 r (Echo)s 25 r (R)s -3 r (eply)s f2 SF 22 r (messages,)s 23 r (as)s 24 r (in)s 23 r (the)s f17 SF 23 r (ping)s f2 SF 23 r (program.)s 24 r (Although)s 23 r (a)s 23 r (part)s 23 r (of)s 24 r (net)s -2 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 523 3753 p (devices)s 27 r (ha)s -2 r (v)s -2 r (e)s 26 r (a)s 27 r (rate)s 26 r (limitation)s 27 r (for)s 27 r (transmitting)s 26 r (ICMP)s 27 r (Ec)s -1 r (ho)s 25 r (messages)s 27 r ([22],)s 27 r (man)s -2 r (y)s 523 3844 p (net)s -1 r (w)s -3 r (ork)s 30 r (devices)s 30 r (resp)s 2 r (ond)s 30 r (to)s 30 r (ICMP)s 31 r (Ec)s -2 r (ho)s 29 r (messages.)s 31 r (So)s 30 r (this)s 30 r (metho)s 2 r (d)s 31 r (can)s 30 r (b)s 2 r (e)s 30 r (used)s 523 3935 p (in)s 28 r (v)s -4 r (arious)s 27 r (net)s -2 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 27 r (en)s -1 r (vironmen)s -3 r (ts.)s 648 4027 p (In)s 33 r (this)s 33 r (pap)s 2 r (er,)s 33 r (w)s -1 r (e)s 32 r (therefore)s 33 r (c)s -1 r (ho)s 1 r (ose)s 33 r (ICMP)s 33 r (Ec)s -1 r (ho)s 32 r (message)s 33 r (as)s 33 r (a)s 33 r (prob)s 3 r (e)s 33 r (pac)s -2 r (k)s -2 r (et.)s 523 4118 p (More)s 23 r (sp)s 3 r (eci\014cally)s -6 r (,)s 22 r (the)s 23 r (source)s 23 r (host)s 23 r (sends)s 24 r (a)s 23 r (series)s 23 r (of)s 23 r (ICMP)s 23 r (Ec)s -1 r (ho)s 22 r (Request)s 23 r (messages)s 523 4209 p (to)s 40 r (the)s 40 r (destination)s 40 r (host,)s 40 r (and)s 40 r (the)s 40 r (destination)s 40 r (host)s 40 r (returns)s 40 r (ICMP)s 40 r (Ec)s -1 r (ho)s 39 r (Reply)s 523 4300 p (messages.)s 24 r (W)s -6 r (e)s 22 r (ha)s -1 r (v)s -2 r (e)s 22 r (mo)s 3 r (di\014ed)s 23 r (the)s 24 r (ping)s 24 r (program)s 23 r (to)s 24 r (dynamically)s 24 r (c)s -2 r (hange)s 23 r (the)s 24 r (pac)s -2 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 523 4391 p (in)s -1 r (ter-departure)s 26 r (time)s 28 r (\(originally)s 28 r (\014xed)s 27 r (at)s 28 r (one)s 28 r (second\).)s 648 4482 p (The)s 27 r (detailed)s 28 r (algorithm)s 28 r (is)s 27 r (describ)s 3 r (ed)s 27 r (b)s 3 r (elo)s -2 r (w.)s 523 4611 p (Sender)s 28 r (Algorithm)s 27 r (\(Source)s 28 r (Host\):)s f18 SF 523 4742 p (S1\))s f2 SF 42 r (Send)s 29 r (ICMP)s 29 r (Ec)s -1 r (ho)s 29 r (Request)s 29 r (message)s 30 r (of)s 29 r (1,500)s 29 r (b)s -1 r (ytes)s 29 r (including)s 29 r (IP)s 30 r (and)s 29 r (ICMP)s 664 4833 p (headers.)s 23 r (The)s 24 r (pa)s -2 r (yload)s 23 r (of)s 23 r (the)s 23 r (ICMP)s 24 r (pac)s -2 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 22 r (holds)s 24 r (the)s 23 r (timestamp)s 23 r (of)s 24 r (the)s 23 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -3 r (et)s 664 4924 p (transmission.)s EP %%Page: 7 7 BP f10 SF 1202 232 p (On)s 26 r (Mo)s 2 r (deling)s 26 r (Round-T)s -6 r (rip)s 25 r (Time)s 25 r (Dynamics)s 26 r (of)s 26 r (the)s 25 r (In)s -1 r (ternet)s 236 r (7)s f18 SF 523 448 p (S2\))s f2 SF 42 r (Randomly)s 22 r (c)s -1 r (ho)s 1 r (ose)s 23 r (the)s 23 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 22 r (in)s -2 r (ter-departure)s 22 r (time)s 23 r (from)s 23 r (the)s 23 r (exp)s 2 r (onen)s -1 r (tial)s 22 r (dis-)s 664 539 p (tribution)s 28 r (in)s 28 r (order)s 27 r (to)s 28 r (sc)s -1 r (hedule)s 26 r (the)s 28 r (next)s 28 r (ICMP)s 27 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 26 r (transmission.)s f18 SF 523 629 p (S3\))s f2 SF 42 r (Go)s 27 r (to)s 28 r (S1.)s 523 796 p (Receiv)s -1 r (er)s 26 r (Algorithm)s 28 r (\(Source)s 28 r (Host\):)s f18 SF 523 961 p (R1\))s f2 SF 42 r (W)s -6 r (ait)s 26 r (for)s 28 r (the)s 28 r (receipt)s 27 r (of)s 28 r (ICMP)s 28 r (Ec)s -2 r (ho)s 27 r (Reply)s 28 r (message.)s f18 SF 523 1051 p (R2\))s f2 SF 42 r (Extract)s 27 r (the)s 28 r (timestamp)s 28 r (from)s 27 r (the)s 28 r (pa)s -1 r (yload.)s f18 SF 523 1141 p (R3\))s f2 SF 42 r (Calculate)s 27 r (the)s 28 r (round-trip)s 28 r (time)s 27 r (from)s 28 r (the)s 28 r (curren)s -2 r (t)s 27 r (time.)s f18 SF 523 1230 p (R4\))s f2 SF 42 r (Calculate)s 25 r (the)s 25 r (round-trip)s 25 r (time)s 25 r (v)s -4 r (ariation)s 24 r (from)s 25 r (the)s 26 r (previous)s 25 r (round-trip)s 25 r (time.)s f18 SF 523 1320 p (R5\))s f2 SF 42 r (Go)s 27 r (to)s 28 r (R1.)s 648 1487 p (The)s 25 r (destination)s 26 r (host)s 25 r (copies)s 26 r (the)s 26 r (pa)s -2 r (yload)s 25 r (of)s 26 r (the)s 25 r (receiv)s -1 r (ed)s 25 r (ICMP)s 25 r (Ec)s -1 r (ho)s 25 r (Request)s 523 1578 p (message)s 24 r (to)s 24 r (the)s 24 r (returning)s 24 r (ICMP)s 25 r (Ec)s -2 r (ho)s 23 r (Reply)s 24 r (message.)s 25 r (Th)s -2 r (us,)s 23 r (the)s 24 r (ICMP)s 25 r (Ec)s -2 r (ho)s 23 r (Re-)s 523 1669 p (ply)s 26 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -3 r (et)s 25 r (con)s -1 r (tains)s 25 r (the)s 26 r (timestamp)s 26 r (placed)s 26 r (b)s -2 r (y)s 25 r (the)s 26 r (source)s 26 r (host)s 26 r (at)s 26 r (its)s 26 r (transmission)s 523 1760 p (time.)s 38 r (This)s 38 r (enables)s 37 r (precise)s 38 r (measuremen)s -1 r (t)s 37 r (of)s 37 r (the)s 38 r (round-trip)s 38 r (time)s 38 r (at)s 37 r (the)s 38 r 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5422 4014 mt 5472 4064 L 5472 4014 mt 5422 4064 L 5476 3973 mt 5526 4023 L 5526 3973 mt 5476 4023 L 5530 4294 mt 5580 4344 L 5580 4294 mt 5530 4344 L 5584 4290 mt 5634 4340 L 5634 4290 mt 5584 4340 L 5638 4153 mt 5688 4203 L 5688 4153 mt 5638 4203 L 5693 4493 mt 5743 4543 L 5743 4493 mt 5693 4543 L 5747 4482 mt 5797 4532 L 5797 4482 mt 5747 4532 L 5801 2258 mt 5851 2308 L 5851 2258 mt 5801 2308 L 5855 4216 mt 5905 4266 L 5905 4216 mt 5855 4266 L 5909 4398 mt 5959 4448 L 5959 4398 mt 5909 4448 L 5963 4014 mt 6013 4064 L 6013 4014 mt 5963 4064 L 6017 4252 mt 6067 4302 L 6067 4252 mt 6017 4302 L 6072 4227 mt 6122 4277 L 6122 4227 mt 6072 4277 L 6126 3745 mt 6176 3795 L 6176 3745 mt 6126 3795 L 6180 3893 mt 6230 3943 L 6230 3893 mt 6180 3943 L 6234 4261 mt 6284 4311 L 6284 4261 mt 6234 4311 L gr gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np gr 2621 5102 mt (sequence number) s 476 4218 mt -90 rotate (packet inter-departure time [ms]) s 90 rotate end eplot %%EndObject epage end showpage %%Trailer %%EOF %%EndDocument @endspecial 806 1344 p (\(a\))s 26 r (P)s -1 r (ac)s -2 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 24 r (in)s -1 r (ter-departure)s 25 r (time)s 2002 1178 p @beginspecial 38.000000 @llx 182.000000 @lly 560.000000 @urx 595.000000 @ury 1452.000000 @rwi 875.000000 @rhi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/n1/y_rtt.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-1.2 %%Creator: MATLAB, The Mathworks, Inc. %%Title: y_rtt.eps %%CreationDate: 05/21/ 1 14:25:19 %%DocumentNeededFonts: Helvetica %%DocumentProcessColors: Cyan Magenta Yellow Black %%Pages: 1 %%BoundingBox: 38 182 560 595 %%EndComments %%BeginProlog % MathWorks dictionary /MathWorks 160 dict begin % definition operators /bdef {bind def} bind def /ldef {load def} bind def /xdef {exch def} bdef /xstore {exch store} bdef % operator abbreviations /c /clip ldef /cc /concat ldef /cp /closepath ldef /gr /grestore ldef /gs /gsave ldef /mt /moveto ldef /np /newpath ldef /cm /currentmatrix ldef /sm /setmatrix ldef /rc {rectclip} bdef /rf {rectfill} bdef /rm /rmoveto ldef /rl /rlineto ldef /s /show ldef /sc {setcmykcolor} bdef /sr /setrgbcolor ldef /sg /setgray ldef /w /setlinewidth ldef /j /setlinejoin ldef /cap /setlinecap ldef % page state control /pgsv () def /bpage {/pgsv save def} bdef /epage {pgsv restore} bdef /bplot /gsave ldef /eplot {stroke grestore} bdef % orientation switch /portraitMode 0 def /landscapeMode 1 def % coordinate system mappings /dpi2point 0 def % font control /FontSize 0 def /FMS { /FontSize xstore %save size off stack findfont [FontSize 0 0 FontSize neg 0 0] makefont setfont }bdef /reencode { exch dup where {pop load} {pop StandardEncoding} ifelse exch dup 3 1 roll findfont dup length dict begin { 1 index /FID ne {def}{pop pop} ifelse } forall /Encoding exch def currentdict end definefont pop } bdef /isroman { findfont /CharStrings get /Agrave known } bdef /FMSR { 3 1 roll 1 index dup isroman {reencode} {pop pop} ifelse exch FMS } bdef /csm { 1 dpi2point div -1 dpi2point div scale neg translate landscapeMode eq {90 rotate} if } bdef % line types: solid, dotted, dashed, dotdash /SO { [] 0 setdash } bdef /DO { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DA { [6 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DD { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul 6 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef % macros for lines and objects /L { lineto stroke } bdef /MP { 3 1 roll moveto 1 sub {rlineto} repeat } bdef /AP { {rlineto} repeat } bdef /PP { closepath eofill } bdef /DP { closepath stroke } bdef /MR { 4 -2 roll moveto dup 0 exch rlineto exch 0 rlineto neg 0 exch rlineto closepath } bdef /FR { MR stroke } bdef /PR { MR fill } bdef /L1i { { currentfile picstr readhexstring pop } image } bdef /tMatrix matrix def /MakeOval { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 0 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix } bdef /FO { MakeOval stroke } bdef /PO { MakeOval fill } bdef /PD { currentlinecap 1 setlinecap 3 1 roll 2 copy moveto lineto stroke setlinecap } bdef /FA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /FAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /vradius 0 def /hradius 0 def /lry 0 def /lrx 0 def /uly 0 def /ulx 0 def /rad 0 def /MRR { /vradius xdef /hradius xdef /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx hradius add uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 180 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 270 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 0 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix ulx hradius add lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 90 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FRR { MRR stroke } bdef /PRR { MRR fill } bdef /MlrRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lry uly sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 90 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 270 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FlrRR { MlrRR stroke } bdef /PlrRR { MlrRR fill } bdef /MtbRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lrx ulx sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 180 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 0 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FtbRR { MtbRR stroke } bdef /PtbRR { MtbRR fill } bdef currentdict end def %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup MathWorks begin 0 cap end %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageBoundingBox: 38 182 560 595 MathWorks begin bpage %%EndPageSetup %%BeginObject: obj1 bplot /dpi2point 12 def portraitMode 0216 7344 csm 248 204 6260 4954 MR c np 93 dict begin %Colortable dictionary /c0 { 0 0 0 sr} bdef /c1 { 1 1 1 sr} bdef /c2 { 1 0 0 sr} bdef /c3 { 0 1 0 sr} bdef /c4 { 0 0 1 sr} bdef /c5 { 1 1 0 sr} bdef /c6 { 1 0 1 sr} bdef /c7 { 0 1 1 sr} bdef c0 1 j 1 sg 0 0 6918 5185 PR 6 w 0 4224 5360 0 0 -4224 899 4613 4 MP PP -5360 0 0 4224 5360 0 0 -4224 899 4613 5 MP stroke 4 w DO SO 6 w 0 sg 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 389 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 1928 4613 mt 1928 4559 L 1928 389 mt 1928 443 L %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helvetica /ISOLatin1Encoding 240 FMSR 1728 4871 mt (120) s 3011 4613 mt 3011 4559 L 3011 389 mt 3011 443 L 2811 4871 mt (140) s 4093 4613 mt 4093 4559 L 4093 389 mt 4093 443 L 3893 4871 mt (160) s 5176 4613 mt 5176 4559 L 5176 389 mt 5176 443 L 4976 4871 mt (180) s 6259 4613 mt 6259 4559 L 6259 389 mt 6259 443 L 6059 4871 mt (200) s 899 4613 mt 953 4613 L 6259 4613 mt 6205 4613 L 731 4702 mt (0) s 899 3909 mt 953 3909 L 6259 3909 mt 6205 3909 L 531 3998 mt (0.5) s 899 3205 mt 953 3205 L 6259 3205 mt 6205 3205 L 731 3294 mt (1) s 899 2501 mt 953 2501 L 6259 2501 mt 6205 2501 L 531 2590 mt (1.5) s 899 1797 mt 953 1797 L 6259 1797 mt 6205 1797 L 731 1886 mt (2) s 899 1093 mt 953 1093 L 6259 1093 mt 6205 1093 L 531 1182 mt (2.5) s 899 389 mt 953 389 L 6259 389 mt 6205 389 L 731 478 mt (3) s 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 389 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np 54 14 54 14 54 0 55 8 54 -24 54 69 54 -70 54 4 54 223 54 -102 55 -125 54 8 54 -11 54 30 54 -16 54 2 54 12 55 -28 54 17 54 11 54 -18 54 -22 54 14 54 43 55 -21 54 -11 54 -9 54 34 54 -3 54 393 54 -105 55 -123 54 -65 54 -19 54 -100 54 -13 54 76 54 -70 55 -7 54 -6 54 10 54 1 54 -1 54 63 54 -67 55 104 54 -102 54 113 54 -120 54 0 54 33 54 -31 54 3 55 -2 54 -1 54 52 54 1 54 69 54 -84 54 29 55 64 54 -119 54 37 54 -38 54 -1 54 71 54 48 55 -121 54 -10 54 120 54 137 54 -221 54 -30 54 20 55 -14 54 97 54 -76 54 -17 54 25 54 -3 54 -11 55 25 54 116 54 -42 54 43 54 -46 54 -104 54 95 55 -108 54 -8 54 16 54 -8 54 152 54 -146 54 81 55 -22 54 -55 54 -4 54 7 899 3720 100 MP stroke gr gs 826 3235 5507 587 MR c np 874 3695 mt 924 3745 L 924 3695 mt 874 3745 L 928 3702 mt 978 3752 L 978 3702 mt 928 3752 L 982 3698 mt 1032 3748 L 1032 3698 mt 982 3748 L 1036 3643 mt 1086 3693 L 1086 3643 mt 1036 3693 L 1091 3621 mt 1141 3671 L 1141 3621 mt 1091 3671 L 1145 3702 mt 1195 3752 L 1195 3702 mt 1145 3752 L 1199 3556 mt 1249 3606 L 1249 3556 mt 1199 3606 L 1253 3708 mt 1303 3758 L 1303 3708 mt 1253 3758 L 1307 3700 mt 1357 3750 L 1357 3700 mt 1307 3750 L 1361 3716 mt 1411 3766 L 1411 3716 mt 1361 3766 L 1415 3708 mt 1465 3758 L 1465 3708 mt 1415 3758 L 1470 3600 mt 1520 3650 L 1520 3600 mt 1470 3650 L 1524 3695 mt 1574 3745 L 1574 3695 mt 1524 3745 L 1578 3591 mt 1628 3641 L 1628 3591 mt 1578 3641 L 1632 3545 mt 1682 3595 L 1682 3545 mt 1632 3595 L 1686 3588 mt 1736 3638 L 1736 3588 mt 1686 3638 L 1740 3546 mt 1790 3596 L 1790 3546 mt 1740 3596 L 1794 3662 mt 1844 3712 L 1844 3662 mt 1794 3712 L 1849 3687 mt 1899 3737 L 1899 3687 mt 1849 3737 L 1903 3676 mt 1953 3726 L 1953 3676 mt 1903 3726 L 1957 3673 mt 2007 3723 L 2007 3673 mt 1957 3723 L 2011 3698 mt 2061 3748 L 2061 3698 mt 2011 3748 L 2065 3681 mt 2115 3731 L 2115 3681 mt 2065 3731 L 2119 3605 mt 2169 3655 L 2169 3605 mt 2119 3655 L 2173 3702 mt 2223 3752 L 2223 3702 mt 2173 3752 L 2228 3688 mt 2278 3738 L 2278 3688 mt 2228 3738 L 2282 3708 mt 2332 3758 L 2332 3708 mt 2282 3758 L 2336 3678 mt 2386 3728 L 2386 3678 mt 2336 3728 L 2390 3457 mt 2440 3507 L 2440 3457 mt 2390 3507 L 2444 3594 mt 2494 3644 L 2494 3594 mt 2444 3644 L 2498 3714 mt 2548 3764 L 2548 3714 mt 2498 3764 L 2552 3704 mt 2602 3754 L 2602 3704 mt 2552 3754 L 2607 3583 mt 2657 3633 L 2657 3583 mt 2607 3633 L 2661 3631 mt 2711 3681 L 2711 3631 mt 2661 3681 L 2715 3702 mt 2765 3752 L 2765 3702 mt 2715 3752 L 2769 3701 mt 2819 3751 L 2819 3701 mt 2769 3751 L 2823 3663 mt 2873 3713 L 2873 3663 mt 2823 3713 L 2877 3700 mt 2927 3750 L 2927 3700 mt 2877 3750 L 2931 3581 mt 2981 3631 L 2981 3581 mt 2931 3631 L 2986 3645 mt 3036 3695 L 3036 3645 mt 2986 3695 L 3040 3674 mt 3090 3724 L 3090 3674 mt 3040 3724 L 3094 3590 mt 3144 3640 L 3144 3590 mt 3094 3640 L 3148 3659 mt 3198 3709 L 3198 3659 mt 3148 3709 L 3202 3660 mt 3252 3710 L 3252 3660 mt 3202 3710 L 3256 3712 mt 3306 3762 L 3306 3712 mt 3256 3762 L 3310 3711 mt 3360 3761 L 3360 3711 mt 3310 3761 L 3365 3709 mt 3415 3759 L 3415 3709 mt 3365 3759 L 3419 3712 mt 3469 3762 L 3469 3712 mt 3419 3762 L 3473 3681 mt 3523 3731 L 3523 3681 mt 3473 3731 L 3527 3714 mt 3577 3764 L 3577 3714 mt 3527 3764 L 3581 3714 mt 3631 3764 L 3631 3714 mt 3581 3764 L 3635 3594 mt 3685 3644 L 3685 3594 mt 3635 3644 L 3689 3707 mt 3739 3757 L 3739 3707 mt 3689 3757 L 3743 3605 mt 3793 3655 L 3793 3605 mt 3743 3655 L 3798 3709 mt 3848 3759 L 3848 3709 mt 3798 3759 L 3852 3642 mt 3902 3692 L 3902 3642 mt 3852 3692 L 3906 3705 mt 3956 3755 L 3956 3705 mt 3906 3755 L 3960 3704 mt 4010 3754 L 4010 3704 mt 3960 3754 L 4014 3705 mt 4064 3755 L 4064 3705 mt 4014 3755 L 4068 3715 mt 4118 3765 L 4118 3715 mt 4068 3765 L 4122 3709 mt 4172 3759 L 4172 3709 mt 4122 3759 L 4177 3702 mt 4227 3752 L 4227 3702 mt 4177 3752 L 4231 3632 mt 4281 3682 L 4281 3632 mt 4231 3682 L 4285 3708 mt 4335 3758 L 4335 3708 mt 4285 3758 L 4339 3695 mt 4389 3745 L 4389 3695 mt 4339 3745 L 4393 3595 mt 4443 3645 L 4443 3595 mt 4393 3645 L 4447 3576 mt 4497 3626 L 4497 3576 mt 4447 3626 L 4501 3511 mt 4551 3561 L 4551 3511 mt 4501 3561 L 4556 3388 mt 4606 3438 L 4606 3388 mt 4556 3438 L 4610 3283 mt 4660 3333 L 4660 3283 mt 4610 3333 L 4664 3676 mt 4714 3726 L 4714 3676 mt 4664 3726 L 4718 3673 mt 4768 3723 L 4768 3673 mt 4718 3723 L 4772 3707 mt 4822 3757 L 4822 3707 mt 4772 3757 L 4826 3698 mt 4876 3748 L 4876 3698 mt 4826 3748 L 4880 3687 mt 4930 3737 L 4930 3687 mt 4880 3737 L 4935 3666 mt 4985 3716 L 4985 3666 mt 4935 3716 L 4989 3709 mt 5039 3759 L 5039 3709 mt 4989 3759 L 5043 3723 mt 5093 3773 L 5093 3723 mt 5043 3773 L 5097 3701 mt 5147 3751 L 5147 3701 mt 5097 3751 L 5151 3683 mt 5201 3733 L 5201 3683 mt 5151 3733 L 5205 3694 mt 5255 3744 L 5255 3694 mt 5205 3744 L 5259 3711 mt 5309 3761 L 5309 3711 mt 5259 3761 L 5314 3683 mt 5364 3733 L 5364 3683 mt 5314 3733 L 5368 3695 mt 5418 3745 L 5418 3695 mt 5368 3745 L 5422 3697 mt 5472 3747 L 5472 3697 mt 5422 3747 L 5476 3681 mt 5526 3731 L 5526 3681 mt 5476 3731 L 5530 3711 mt 5580 3761 L 5580 3711 mt 5530 3761 L 5584 3700 mt 5634 3750 L 5634 3700 mt 5584 3750 L 5638 3708 mt 5688 3758 L 5688 3708 mt 5638 3758 L 5693 3583 mt 5743 3633 L 5743 3583 mt 5693 3633 L 5747 3481 mt 5797 3531 L 5797 3481 mt 5747 3531 L 5801 3704 mt 5851 3754 L 5851 3704 mt 5801 3754 L 5855 3708 mt 5905 3758 L 5905 3708 mt 5855 3758 L 5909 3638 mt 5959 3688 L 5959 3638 mt 5909 3688 L 5963 3707 mt 6013 3757 L 6013 3707 mt 5963 3757 L 6017 3683 mt 6067 3733 L 6067 3683 mt 6017 3733 L 6072 3691 mt 6122 3741 L 6122 3691 mt 6072 3741 L 6126 3691 mt 6176 3741 L 6176 3691 mt 6126 3741 L 6180 3705 mt 6230 3755 L 6230 3705 mt 6180 3755 L 6234 3719 mt 6284 3769 L 6284 3719 mt 6234 3769 L gr gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np gr 2621 5102 mt (sequence number) s 476 3560 mt -90 rotate (round-trip time [ms]) s 90 rotate end eplot %%EndObject epage end showpage %%Trailer %%EOF %%EndDocument @endspecial 2096 1344 p (\(b\))s 26 r (Measured)s 25 r (round-trip)s 26 r (time)s 741 2149 p @beginspecial 27.000000 @llx 182.000000 @lly 560.000000 @urx 595.000000 @ury 1452.000000 @rwi 875.000000 @rhi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/n1/y1.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-1.2 %%Creator: MATLAB, The Mathworks, Inc. %%Title: y1.eps %%CreationDate: 05/21/ 1 14:25:19 %%DocumentNeededFonts: Helvetica %%DocumentProcessColors: Cyan Magenta Yellow Black %%Pages: 1 %%BoundingBox: 27 182 560 595 %%EndComments %%BeginProlog % MathWorks dictionary /MathWorks 160 dict begin % definition operators /bdef {bind def} bind def /ldef {load def} bind def /xdef {exch def} bdef /xstore {exch store} bdef % operator abbreviations /c /clip ldef /cc /concat ldef /cp /closepath ldef /gr /grestore ldef /gs /gsave ldef /mt /moveto ldef /np /newpath ldef /cm /currentmatrix ldef /sm /setmatrix ldef /rc {rectclip} bdef /rf {rectfill} bdef /rm /rmoveto ldef /rl /rlineto ldef /s /show ldef /sc {setcmykcolor} bdef /sr /setrgbcolor ldef /sg /setgray ldef /w /setlinewidth ldef /j /setlinejoin ldef /cap /setlinecap ldef % page state control /pgsv () def /bpage {/pgsv save def} bdef /epage {pgsv restore} bdef /bplot /gsave ldef /eplot {stroke grestore} bdef % orientation switch /portraitMode 0 def /landscapeMode 1 def % coordinate system mappings /dpi2point 0 def % font control /FontSize 0 def /FMS { /FontSize xstore %save size off stack findfont [FontSize 0 0 FontSize neg 0 0] makefont setfont }bdef /reencode { exch dup where {pop load} {pop StandardEncoding} ifelse exch dup 3 1 roll findfont dup length dict begin { 1 index /FID ne {def}{pop pop} ifelse } forall /Encoding exch def currentdict end definefont pop } bdef /isroman { findfont /CharStrings get /Agrave known } bdef /FMSR { 3 1 roll 1 index dup isroman {reencode} {pop pop} ifelse exch FMS } bdef /csm { 1 dpi2point div -1 dpi2point div scale neg translate landscapeMode eq {90 rotate} if } bdef % line types: solid, dotted, dashed, dotdash /SO { [] 0 setdash } bdef /DO { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DA { [6 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DD { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul 6 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef % macros for lines and objects /L { lineto stroke } bdef /MP { 3 1 roll moveto 1 sub {rlineto} repeat } bdef /AP { {rlineto} repeat } bdef /PP { closepath eofill } bdef /DP { closepath stroke } bdef /MR { 4 -2 roll moveto dup 0 exch rlineto exch 0 rlineto neg 0 exch rlineto closepath } bdef /FR { MR stroke } bdef /PR { MR fill } bdef /L1i { { currentfile picstr readhexstring pop } image } bdef /tMatrix matrix def /MakeOval { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 0 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix } bdef /FO { MakeOval stroke } bdef /PO { MakeOval fill } bdef /PD { currentlinecap 1 setlinecap 3 1 roll 2 copy moveto lineto stroke setlinecap } bdef /FA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /FAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /vradius 0 def /hradius 0 def /lry 0 def /lrx 0 def /uly 0 def /ulx 0 def /rad 0 def /MRR { /vradius xdef /hradius xdef /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx hradius add uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 180 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 270 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 0 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix ulx hradius add lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 90 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FRR { MRR stroke } bdef /PRR { MRR fill } bdef /MlrRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lry uly sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 90 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 270 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FlrRR { MlrRR stroke } bdef /PlrRR { MlrRR fill } bdef /MtbRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lrx ulx sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 180 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 0 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FtbRR { MtbRR stroke } bdef /PtbRR { MtbRR fill } bdef currentdict end def %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup MathWorks begin 0 cap end %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageBoundingBox: 27 182 560 595 MathWorks begin bpage %%EndPageSetup %%BeginObject: obj1 bplot /dpi2point 12 def portraitMode 0216 7344 csm 108 204 6400 4954 MR c np 93 dict begin %Colortable dictionary /c0 { 0 0 0 sr} bdef /c1 { 1 1 1 sr} bdef /c2 { 1 0 0 sr} bdef /c3 { 0 1 0 sr} bdef /c4 { 0 0 1 sr} bdef /c5 { 1 1 0 sr} bdef /c6 { 1 0 1 sr} bdef /c7 { 0 1 1 sr} bdef c0 1 j 1 sg 0 0 6918 5185 PR 6 w 0 4224 5360 0 0 -4224 899 4613 4 MP PP -5360 0 0 4224 5360 0 0 -4224 899 4613 5 MP stroke 4 w DO SO 6 w 0 sg 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 389 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 1928 4613 mt 1928 4559 L 1928 389 mt 1928 443 L %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helvetica /ISOLatin1Encoding 240 FMSR 1728 4871 mt (120) s 3011 4613 mt 3011 4559 L 3011 389 mt 3011 443 L 2811 4871 mt (140) s 4093 4613 mt 4093 4559 L 4093 389 mt 4093 443 L 3893 4871 mt (160) s 5176 4613 mt 5176 4559 L 5176 389 mt 5176 443 L 4976 4871 mt (180) s 6259 4613 mt 6259 4559 L 6259 389 mt 6259 443 L 6059 4871 mt (200) s 899 4613 mt 953 4613 L 6259 4613 mt 6205 4613 L 391 4702 mt (-0.5) s 899 2501 mt 953 2501 L 6259 2501 mt 6205 2501 L 731 2590 mt (0) s 899 389 mt 953 389 L 6259 389 mt 6205 389 L 531 478 mt (0.5) s 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 389 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np 54 -76 54 0 54 42 55 -25 54 97 54 -279 54 418 54 -224 54 -654 54 971 55 72 54 -401 54 59 54 -123 54 135 54 -50 54 -34 55 122 54 -135 54 17 54 89 54 13 54 -110 54 -89 55 194 54 -29 54 -9 54 -126 54 109 54 -1186 54 1495 55 50 54 -173 54 -135 54 241 54 -262 54 -266 54 439 55 -190 54 -4 54 -47 54 26 54 8 54 -194 54 393 55 -516 54 617 54 -642 54 697 54 -359 54 -97 54 190 54 -101 55 12 54 0 54 -160 54 152 54 -203 54 460 54 -342 55 -101 54 545 54 -465 54 224 54 -110 54 -219 54 71 55 507 54 -333 54 -389 54 -51 54 1073 54 -574 54 -148 55 101 54 -333 54 519 54 -177 54 -127 54 84 54 26 55 -110 54 -270 54 473 54 -258 54 270 54 174 54 -600 55 612 54 -300 54 -76 54 76 54 -481 54 895 54 -684 55 313 54 97 54 -152 54 -34 899 2522 100 MP stroke gr gs 826 1765 5507 1988 MR c np 874 2497 mt 924 2547 L 924 2497 mt 874 2547 L 928 2463 mt 978 2513 L 978 2463 mt 928 2513 L 982 2311 mt 1032 2361 L 1032 2311 mt 982 2361 L 1036 2408 mt 1086 2458 L 1086 2408 mt 1036 2458 L 1091 2721 mt 1141 2771 L 1141 2721 mt 1091 2771 L 1145 2037 mt 1195 2087 L 1195 2037 mt 1145 2087 L 1199 2932 mt 1249 2982 L 1249 2932 mt 1199 2982 L 1253 2451 mt 1303 2501 L 1303 2451 mt 1253 2501 L 1307 2527 mt 1357 2577 L 1357 2527 mt 1307 2577 L 1361 2451 mt 1411 2501 L 1411 2451 mt 1361 2501 L 1415 2151 mt 1465 2201 L 1465 2151 mt 1415 2201 L 1470 2763 mt 1520 2813 L 1520 2763 mt 1470 2813 L 1524 2163 mt 1574 2213 L 1574 2163 mt 1524 2213 L 1578 2337 mt 1628 2387 L 1628 2337 mt 1578 2387 L 1632 2607 mt 1682 2657 L 1682 2607 mt 1632 2657 L 1686 2349 mt 1736 2399 L 1736 2349 mt 1686 2399 L 1740 2822 mt 1790 2872 L 1790 2822 mt 1740 2872 L 1794 2552 mt 1844 2602 L 1844 2552 mt 1794 2602 L 1849 2442 mt 1899 2492 L 1899 2442 mt 1849 2492 L 1903 2468 mt 1953 2518 L 1953 2468 mt 1903 2518 L 1957 2552 mt 2007 2602 L 2007 2552 mt 1957 2602 L 2011 2425 mt 2061 2475 L 2061 2425 mt 2011 2475 L 2065 2248 mt 2115 2298 L 2115 2248 mt 2065 2298 L 2119 2767 mt 2169 2817 L 2169 2767 mt 2119 2817 L 2173 2434 mt 2223 2484 L 2223 2434 mt 2173 2484 L 2228 2535 mt 2278 2585 L 2278 2535 mt 2228 2585 L 2282 2387 mt 2332 2437 L 2332 2387 mt 2282 2437 L 2336 1813 mt 2386 1863 L 2386 1813 mt 2336 1863 L 2390 2886 mt 2440 2936 L 2440 2886 mt 2390 2936 L 2444 2835 mt 2494 2885 L 2494 2835 mt 2444 2885 L 2498 2446 mt 2548 2496 L 2548 2446 mt 2498 2496 L 2552 2113 mt 2602 2163 L 2602 2113 mt 2552 2163 L 2607 2620 mt 2657 2670 L 2657 2620 mt 2607 2670 L 2661 2691 mt 2711 2741 L 2711 2691 mt 2661 2741 L 2715 2472 mt 2765 2522 L 2765 2472 mt 2715 2522 L 2769 2362 mt 2819 2412 L 2819 2362 mt 2769 2412 L 2823 2586 mt 2873 2636 L 2873 2586 mt 2823 2636 L 2877 2121 mt 2927 2171 L 2927 2121 mt 2877 2171 L 2931 2666 mt 2981 2716 L 2981 2666 mt 2931 2716 L 2986 2565 mt 3036 2615 L 3036 2565 mt 2986 2615 L 3040 2223 mt 3090 2273 L 3090 2223 mt 3040 2273 L 3094 2683 mt 3144 2733 L 3144 2683 mt 3094 2733 L 3148 2480 mt 3198 2530 L 3198 2480 mt 3148 2530 L 3202 2632 mt 3252 2682 L 3252 2632 mt 3202 2682 L 3256 2472 mt 3306 2522 L 3306 2472 mt 3256 2522 L 3310 2472 mt 3360 2522 L 3360 2472 mt 3310 2522 L 3365 2484 mt 3415 2534 L 3415 2484 mt 3365 2534 L 3419 2383 mt 3469 2433 L 3469 2383 mt 3419 2433 L 3473 2573 mt 3523 2623 L 3523 2573 mt 3473 2623 L 3527 2476 mt 3577 2526 L 3577 2476 mt 3527 2526 L 3581 2117 mt 3631 2167 L 3631 2117 mt 3581 2167 L 3635 2814 mt 3685 2864 L 3685 2814 mt 3635 2864 L 3689 2172 mt 3739 2222 L 3739 2172 mt 3689 2222 L 3743 2789 mt 3793 2839 L 3793 2789 mt 3743 2839 L 3798 2273 mt 3848 2323 L 3848 2273 mt 3798 2323 L 3852 2666 mt 3902 2716 L 3902 2666 mt 3852 2716 L 3906 2472 mt 3956 2522 L 3956 2472 mt 3906 2522 L 3960 2480 mt 4010 2530 L 4010 2480 mt 3960 2530 L 4014 2506 mt 4064 2556 L 4064 2506 mt 4014 2556 L 4068 2459 mt 4118 2509 L 4118 2459 mt 4068 2509 L 4122 2455 mt 4172 2505 L 4172 2455 mt 4122 2505 L 4177 2265 mt 4227 2315 L 4227 2265 mt 4177 2315 L 4231 2704 mt 4281 2754 L 4281 2704 mt 4231 2754 L 4285 2438 mt 4335 2488 L 4335 2438 mt 4285 2488 L 4339 2176 mt 4389 2226 L 4389 2176 mt 4339 2226 L 4393 2417 mt 4443 2467 L 4443 2417 mt 4393 2467 L 4447 2282 mt 4497 2332 L 4497 2282 mt 4447 2332 L 4501 2109 mt 4551 2159 L 4551 2109 mt 4501 2159 L 4556 2159 mt 4606 2209 L 4606 2159 mt 4556 2209 L 4610 3654 mt 4660 3704 L 4660 3654 mt 4610 3704 L 4664 2468 mt 4714 2518 L 4714 2468 mt 4664 2518 L 4718 2577 mt 4768 2627 L 4768 2577 mt 4718 2627 L 4772 2451 mt 4822 2501 L 4822 2451 mt 4772 2501 L 4826 2442 mt 4876 2492 L 4876 2442 mt 4826 2492 L 4880 2413 mt 4930 2463 L 4930 2413 mt 4880 2463 L 4935 2607 mt 4985 2657 L 4985 2607 mt 4935 2657 L 4989 2518 mt 5039 2568 L 5039 2518 mt 4989 2568 L 5043 2408 mt 5093 2458 L 5093 2408 mt 5043 2458 L 5097 2421 mt 5147 2471 L 5147 2421 mt 5097 2471 L 5151 2510 mt 5201 2560 L 5201 2510 mt 5151 2560 L 5205 2527 mt 5255 2577 L 5255 2527 mt 5205 2577 L 5259 2392 mt 5309 2442 L 5309 2392 mt 5259 2442 L 5314 2514 mt 5364 2564 L 5364 2514 mt 5314 2564 L 5368 2480 mt 5418 2530 L 5418 2480 mt 5368 2530 L 5422 2430 mt 5472 2480 L 5472 2430 mt 5422 2480 L 5476 2565 mt 5526 2615 L 5526 2565 mt 5476 2615 L 5530 2442 mt 5580 2492 L 5580 2442 mt 5530 2492 L 5584 2501 mt 5634 2551 L 5634 2501 mt 5584 2551 L 5638 2100 mt 5688 2150 L 5688 2100 mt 5638 2150 L 5693 2172 mt 5743 2222 L 5743 2172 mt 5693 2222 L 5747 3143 mt 5797 3193 L 5797 3143 mt 5747 3193 L 5801 2489 mt 5851 2539 L 5851 2489 mt 5801 2539 L 5855 2265 mt 5905 2315 L 5905 2265 mt 5855 2315 L 5909 2683 mt 5959 2733 L 5959 2683 mt 5909 2733 L 5963 2404 mt 6013 2454 L 6013 2404 mt 5963 2454 L 6017 2501 mt 6067 2551 L 6067 2501 mt 6017 2551 L 6072 2476 mt 6122 2526 L 6122 2476 mt 6072 2526 L 6126 2518 mt 6176 2568 L 6176 2518 mt 6126 2568 L 6180 2518 mt 6230 2568 L 6230 2518 mt 6180 2568 L 6234 2442 mt 6284 2492 L 6284 2442 mt 6234 2492 L gr gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np gr 2621 5102 mt (sequence number) s 336 4045 mt -90 rotate (round-trip time variation [ms]) s 90 rotate end eplot %%EndObject epage end showpage %%Trailer %%EOF %%EndDocument @endspecial 798 2315 p (\(c\))s 53 r (Measured)s 53 r (round-trip)s 52 r (time)s 798 2399 p (v)s -3 r (ariation)s 2002 2149 p @beginspecial 27.000000 @llx 182.000000 @lly 560.000000 @urx 595.000000 @ury 1452.000000 @rwi 875.000000 @rhi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/n1/compare1.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-1.2 %%Creator: MATLAB, The Mathworks, Inc. %%Title: compare1.eps %%CreationDate: 05/21/ 1 14:25:22 %%DocumentNeededFonts: Helvetica %%DocumentProcessColors: Cyan Magenta Yellow Black %%Pages: 1 %%BoundingBox: 27 182 560 595 %%EndComments %%BeginProlog % MathWorks dictionary /MathWorks 160 dict begin % definition operators /bdef {bind def} bind def /ldef {load def} bind def /xdef {exch def} bdef /xstore {exch store} bdef % operator abbreviations /c /clip ldef /cc /concat ldef /cp /closepath ldef /gr /grestore ldef /gs /gsave ldef /mt /moveto ldef /np /newpath ldef /cm /currentmatrix ldef /sm /setmatrix ldef /rc {rectclip} bdef /rf {rectfill} bdef /rm /rmoveto ldef /rl /rlineto ldef /s /show ldef /sc {setcmykcolor} bdef /sr /setrgbcolor ldef /sg /setgray ldef /w /setlinewidth ldef /j /setlinejoin ldef /cap /setlinecap ldef % page state control /pgsv () def /bpage {/pgsv save def} bdef /epage {pgsv restore} bdef /bplot /gsave ldef /eplot {stroke grestore} bdef % orientation switch /portraitMode 0 def /landscapeMode 1 def % coordinate system mappings /dpi2point 0 def % font control /FontSize 0 def /FMS { /FontSize xstore %save size off stack findfont [FontSize 0 0 FontSize neg 0 0] makefont setfont }bdef /reencode { exch dup where {pop load} {pop StandardEncoding} ifelse exch dup 3 1 roll findfont dup length dict begin { 1 index /FID ne {def}{pop pop} ifelse } forall /Encoding exch def currentdict end definefont pop } bdef /isroman { findfont /CharStrings get /Agrave known } bdef /FMSR { 3 1 roll 1 index dup isroman {reencode} {pop pop} ifelse exch FMS } bdef /csm { 1 dpi2point div -1 dpi2point div scale neg translate landscapeMode eq {90 rotate} if } bdef % line types: solid, dotted, dashed, dotdash /SO { [] 0 setdash } bdef /DO { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DA { [6 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DD { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul 6 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef % macros for lines and objects /L { lineto stroke } bdef /MP { 3 1 roll moveto 1 sub {rlineto} repeat } bdef /AP { {rlineto} repeat } bdef /PP { closepath eofill } bdef /DP { closepath stroke } bdef /MR { 4 -2 roll moveto dup 0 exch rlineto exch 0 rlineto neg 0 exch rlineto closepath } bdef /FR { MR stroke } bdef /PR { MR fill } bdef /L1i { { currentfile picstr readhexstring pop } image } bdef /tMatrix matrix def /MakeOval { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 0 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix } bdef /FO { MakeOval stroke } bdef /PO { MakeOval fill } bdef /PD { currentlinecap 1 setlinecap 3 1 roll 2 copy moveto lineto stroke setlinecap } bdef /FA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /FAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /vradius 0 def /hradius 0 def /lry 0 def /lrx 0 def /uly 0 def /ulx 0 def /rad 0 def /MRR { /vradius xdef /hradius xdef /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx hradius add uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 180 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 270 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 0 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix ulx hradius add lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 90 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FRR { MRR stroke } bdef /PRR { MRR fill } bdef /MlrRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lry uly sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 90 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 270 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FlrRR { MlrRR stroke } bdef /PlrRR { MlrRR fill } bdef /MtbRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lrx ulx sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 180 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 0 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FtbRR { MtbRR stroke } bdef /PtbRR { MtbRR fill } bdef currentdict end def %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup MathWorks begin 0 cap end %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageBoundingBox: 27 182 560 595 MathWorks begin bpage %%EndPageSetup %%BeginObject: obj1 bplot /dpi2point 12 def portraitMode 0216 7344 csm 108 204 6400 4954 MR c np 93 dict begin %Colortable dictionary /c0 { 0 0 0 sr} bdef /c1 { 1 1 1 sr} bdef /c2 { 1 0 0 sr} bdef /c3 { 0 1 0 sr} bdef /c4 { 0 0 1 sr} bdef /c5 { 1 1 0 sr} bdef /c6 { 1 0 1 sr} bdef /c7 { 0 1 1 sr} bdef c0 1 j 1 sg 0 0 6918 5185 PR 6 w 0 4224 5360 0 0 -4224 899 4613 4 MP PP -5360 0 0 4224 5360 0 0 -4224 899 4613 5 MP stroke 4 w DO SO 6 w 0 sg 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 389 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 1638 4613 mt 1638 4559 L 1638 389 mt 1638 443 L %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helvetica /ISOLatin1Encoding 240 FMSR 1438 4871 mt (105) s 2562 4613 mt 2562 4559 L 2562 389 mt 2562 443 L 2362 4871 mt (110) s 3487 4613 mt 3487 4559 L 3487 389 mt 3487 443 L 3287 4871 mt (115) s 4411 4613 mt 4411 4559 L 4411 389 mt 4411 443 L 4211 4871 mt (120) s 5335 4613 mt 5335 4559 L 5335 389 mt 5335 443 L 5135 4871 mt (125) s 6259 4613 mt 6259 4559 L 6259 389 mt 6259 443 L 6059 4871 mt (130) s 899 4613 mt 953 4613 L 6259 4613 mt 6205 4613 L 391 4702 mt (-0.5) s 899 2501 mt 953 2501 L 6259 2501 mt 6205 2501 L 731 2590 mt (0) s 899 389 mt 953 389 L 6259 389 mt 6205 389 L 531 478 mt (0.5) s 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 389 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np 185 -51 185 1073 184 -574 185 -148 185 101 185 -333 185 519 185 -177 184 -127 185 84 185 26 185 -110 185 -270 185 473 184 -258 185 270 185 174 185 -600 185 612 185 -300 184 -76 185 76 185 -481 185 895 185 -684 185 313 184 97 185 -152 185 -34 899 2522 30 MP stroke gr gs 826 1765 5507 1266 MR c np 874 2497 mt 924 2547 L 924 2497 mt 874 2547 L 1059 2463 mt 1109 2513 L 1109 2463 mt 1059 2513 L 1244 2311 mt 1294 2361 L 1294 2311 mt 1244 2361 L 1428 2408 mt 1478 2458 L 1478 2408 mt 1428 2458 L 1613 2721 mt 1663 2771 L 1663 2721 mt 1613 2771 L 1798 2037 mt 1848 2087 L 1848 2037 mt 1798 2087 L 1983 2932 mt 2033 2982 L 2033 2932 mt 1983 2982 L 2168 2451 mt 2218 2501 L 2218 2451 mt 2168 2501 L 2353 2527 mt 2403 2577 L 2403 2527 mt 2353 2577 L 2537 2451 mt 2587 2501 L 2587 2451 mt 2537 2501 L 2722 2151 mt 2772 2201 L 2772 2151 mt 2722 2201 L 2907 2763 mt 2957 2813 L 2957 2763 mt 2907 2813 L 3092 2163 mt 3142 2213 L 3142 2163 mt 3092 2213 L 3277 2337 mt 3327 2387 L 3327 2337 mt 3277 2387 L 3462 2607 mt 3512 2657 L 3512 2607 mt 3462 2657 L 3646 2349 mt 3696 2399 L 3696 2349 mt 3646 2399 L 3831 2822 mt 3881 2872 L 3881 2822 mt 3831 2872 L 4016 2552 mt 4066 2602 L 4066 2552 mt 4016 2602 L 4201 2442 mt 4251 2492 L 4251 2442 mt 4201 2492 L 4386 2468 mt 4436 2518 L 4436 2468 mt 4386 2518 L 4571 2552 mt 4621 2602 L 4621 2552 mt 4571 2602 L 4755 2425 mt 4805 2475 L 4805 2425 mt 4755 2475 L 4940 2248 mt 4990 2298 L 4990 2248 mt 4940 2298 L 5125 2767 mt 5175 2817 L 5175 2767 mt 5125 2817 L 5310 2434 mt 5360 2484 L 5360 2434 mt 5310 2484 L 5495 2535 mt 5545 2585 L 5545 2535 mt 5495 2585 L 5680 2387 mt 5730 2437 L 5730 2387 mt 5680 2437 L 5864 1813 mt 5914 1863 L 5914 1813 mt 5864 1863 L 6049 2886 mt 6099 2936 L 6099 2886 mt 6049 2936 L 6234 2835 mt 6284 2885 L 6284 2835 mt 6234 2885 L gr gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np 185 -1 185 32 184 -141 185 40 185 113 185 -63 185 -19 185 -48 184 73 185 -27 185 71 185 -144 185 -6 185 259 184 -222 185 132 185 -79 185 -18 185 67 185 -112 184 178 185 -98 185 -119 185 108 185 99 185 -97 184 -13 185 15 185 -1 899 2501 30 MP stroke gr gs 826 2268 5507 418 MR c np 36 36 899 2501 FO 36 36 1084 2500 FO 36 36 1269 2515 FO 36 36 1453 2502 FO 36 36 1638 2405 FO 36 36 1823 2504 FO 36 36 2008 2612 FO 36 36 2193 2493 FO 36 36 2378 2395 FO 36 36 2562 2573 FO 36 36 2747 2461 FO 36 36 2932 2528 FO 36 36 3117 2510 FO 36 36 3302 2431 FO 36 36 3487 2563 FO 36 36 3671 2341 FO 36 36 3856 2600 FO 36 36 4041 2594 FO 36 36 4226 2450 FO 36 36 4411 2521 FO 36 36 4596 2494 FO 36 36 4780 2567 FO 36 36 4965 2519 FO 36 36 5150 2500 FO 36 36 5335 2437 FO 36 36 5520 2550 FO 36 36 5705 2590 FO 36 36 5889 2449 FO 36 36 6074 2481 FO 36 36 6259 2480 FO gr gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np gr 2621 5102 mt (sequence number) s 336 4045 mt -90 rotate (round-trip time variation [ms]) s 90 rotate 1 sg 0 597 2397 0 0 -597 3802 1046 4 MP PP -2397 0 0 597 2397 0 0 -597 3802 1046 5 MP stroke 4 w DO SO 6 w 0 sg 3802 1046 mt 6199 1046 L 3802 449 mt 6199 449 L 3802 1046 mt 3802 449 L 6199 1046 mt 6199 449 L 3802 1046 mt 6199 1046 L 3802 1046 mt 3802 449 L 3802 1046 mt 6199 1046 L 3802 449 mt 6199 449 L 3802 1046 mt 3802 449 L 6199 1046 mt 6199 449 L 4470 694 mt (measured data) s 4470 971 mt (model output ) s gs 3802 449 2398 598 MR c np 400 0 3936 613 2 MP stroke gs 4063 540 147 147 MR c np 4111 588 mt 4161 638 L 4161 588 mt 4111 638 L gr 400 0 3936 890 2 MP stroke gs 4063 817 147 147 MR c np 36 36 4136 890 FO gr gr end eplot %%EndObject epage end showpage %%Trailer %%EOF %%EndDocument @endspecial 2060 2315 p (\(d\))s 57 r (Measured)s 57 r (data)s f13 SF 58 r (y)s f10 SF 2 r (\()s f13 SF (k)s f10 SF 3 r (\))s 57 r (and)s 2060 2399 p (mo)s 2 r (del)s 25 r (output)s f13 SF 26 r (y)s f14 SF 2580 2367 p (\003)s f10 SF 2616 2399 p (\()s f13 SF (k)s f10 SF 2 r (\))s f15 SF 523 2530 p (Fig.)s 15 r (4.)s f10 SF 24 r (Results)s 24 r (in)s 24 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 23 r (con\014guration)s 24 r (N1)s 24 r (\(100)s 25 r (Mbps)s 24 r (LAN)s 24 r (w/o)s 24 r (Bac)s -1 r (kground)s 23 r (T)s -5 r (ra\016c\))s f2 SF 523 2714 p (describ)s 2 r (ed)s 33 r (in)s 32 r (Section)s 32 r (4.)s 32 r (The)s 32 r (source)s 32 r (host)s 33 r (sen)s -2 r (t)s 31 r (10,000)s 33 r (prob)s 2 r (e)s 32 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -3 r (ets)s 32 r (with)s 32 r (an)s 32 r (ex-)s 523 2806 p (p)s 2 r (onen)s -1 r (tially)s 29 r (distributed)s 30 r (in)s -1 r (ter-departure)s 29 r (time.)s 30 r (Note)s 30 r (that)s 30 r (lost)s 30 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -2 r (ets)s 29 r (are)s 30 r (not)s 30 r (in-)s 523 2897 p (cluded)s 35 r (in)s 35 r (the)s 35 r (measured)s 34 r (input)s 35 r (and)s 35 r (output)s 35 r (data.)s 35 r (Of)s 34 r (all)s 35 r (input)s 35 r (and)s 35 r (output)s 35 r (data)s 523 2988 p (collected,)s 36 r (w)s -1 r (e)s 34 r (use)s 36 r (the)s 36 r (input)s 36 r (and)s 36 r (output)s 35 r (data)s 36 r (of)s 36 r (100)s 36 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -3 r (et)s 35 r (samples)s 36 r (for)s 36 r (co)s 2 r (e\016-)s 523 3079 p (cien)s -1 r (ts)s 28 r (determination)s 30 r (and)s 29 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 30 r (v)s -4 r (alidation)s 29 r (of)s 29 r (the)s 30 r (ARX)s 29 r (mo)s 3 r (del.)s 29 r (In)s 30 r (what)s 29 r (follo)s -1 r (ws,)s 523 3170 p (w)s -1 r (e)s 25 r (discuss)s 26 r (ho)s -1 r (w)s 25 r (accurately)s 26 r (the)s 27 r (round-trip)s 26 r (time)s 26 r (dynamics)s 26 r (can)s 27 r (b)s 2 r (e)s 26 r (mo)s 2 r (deled)s 27 r (b)s -2 r (y)s 26 r (the)s 523 3261 p (ARX)s 28 r (mo)s 2 r (del.)s f18 SF 523 3482 p (Net)s -2 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 31 r (Con\014guration)s 31 r (N1)s f2 SF 523 3619 p (In)s 22 r (the)s 22 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -3 r (ork)s 21 r (con\014guration)s f18 SF 22 r (N1)s f2 SF (,)s 22 r (the)s 22 r (mean)s 22 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 21 r (in)s -2 r (ter-departure)s 21 r (time)s 22 r (has)s 22 r (b)s 3 r (een)s 523 3710 p (set)s 35 r (to)s 36 r (0.2)s 35 r (ms,)s 36 r (resulting)s 35 r (in)s 36 r (the)s 35 r (a)s -1 r (v)s -2 r (erage)s 34 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -3 r (et)s 35 r (transmission)s 35 r (rate)s 36 r (of)s 35 r (43.2)s 36 r (Mbps)s 523 3801 p (and)s 34 r (the)s 34 r (a)s -2 r (v)s -2 r 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(rip)s 25 r (Time)s 25 r (Dynamics)s 26 r (of)s 26 r (the)s 25 r (In)s -1 r (ternet)s 236 r (9)s 741 1178 p @beginspecial 38.000000 @llx 182.000000 @lly 560.000000 @urx 595.000000 @ury 1452.000000 @rwi 875.000000 @rhi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/n2/u.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-1.2 %%Creator: MATLAB, The Mathworks, Inc. %%Title: u.eps %%CreationDate: 05/21/ 1 14:23:05 %%DocumentNeededFonts: Helvetica %%DocumentProcessColors: Cyan Magenta Yellow Black %%Pages: 1 %%BoundingBox: 38 182 560 595 %%EndComments %%BeginProlog % MathWorks dictionary /MathWorks 160 dict begin % definition operators /bdef {bind def} bind def /ldef {load def} bind def /xdef {exch def} bdef /xstore {exch store} bdef % operator abbreviations /c /clip ldef /cc /concat ldef /cp /closepath ldef /gr /grestore ldef /gs /gsave ldef /mt /moveto ldef /np /newpath ldef /cm /currentmatrix ldef /sm /setmatrix ldef /rc {rectclip} bdef /rf {rectfill} bdef /rm /rmoveto ldef /rl /rlineto ldef /s /show ldef /sc {setcmykcolor} bdef /sr /setrgbcolor ldef /sg /setgray ldef /w /setlinewidth ldef /j /setlinejoin ldef /cap /setlinecap ldef % page state control /pgsv () def /bpage {/pgsv save def} bdef /epage {pgsv restore} bdef /bplot /gsave ldef /eplot {stroke grestore} bdef % orientation switch /portraitMode 0 def /landscapeMode 1 def % coordinate system mappings /dpi2point 0 def % font control /FontSize 0 def /FMS { /FontSize xstore %save size off stack findfont [FontSize 0 0 FontSize neg 0 0] makefont setfont }bdef /reencode { exch dup where {pop load} {pop StandardEncoding} ifelse exch dup 3 1 roll findfont dup length dict begin { 1 index /FID ne {def}{pop pop} ifelse } forall /Encoding exch def currentdict end definefont pop } bdef /isroman { findfont /CharStrings get /Agrave known } bdef /FMSR { 3 1 roll 1 index dup isroman {reencode} {pop pop} ifelse exch FMS } bdef /csm { 1 dpi2point div -1 dpi2point div scale neg translate landscapeMode eq {90 rotate} if } bdef % line types: solid, dotted, dashed, dotdash /SO { [] 0 setdash } bdef /DO { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DA { [6 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DD { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul 6 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef % macros for lines and objects /L { lineto stroke } bdef /MP { 3 1 roll moveto 1 sub {rlineto} repeat } bdef /AP { {rlineto} repeat } bdef /PP { closepath eofill } bdef /DP { closepath stroke } bdef /MR { 4 -2 roll moveto dup 0 exch rlineto exch 0 rlineto neg 0 exch rlineto closepath } bdef /FR { MR stroke } bdef /PR { MR fill } bdef /L1i { { currentfile picstr readhexstring pop } image } bdef /tMatrix matrix def /MakeOval { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 0 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix } bdef /FO { MakeOval stroke } bdef /PO { MakeOval fill } bdef /PD { currentlinecap 1 setlinecap 3 1 roll 2 copy moveto lineto stroke setlinecap } bdef /FA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /FAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /vradius 0 def /hradius 0 def /lry 0 def /lrx 0 def /uly 0 def /ulx 0 def /rad 0 def /MRR { /vradius xdef /hradius xdef /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx hradius add uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 180 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 270 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 0 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix ulx hradius add lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 90 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FRR { MRR stroke } bdef /PRR { MRR fill } bdef /MlrRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lry uly sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 90 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 270 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FlrRR { MlrRR stroke } bdef /PlrRR { MlrRR fill } bdef /MtbRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lrx ulx sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 180 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 0 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FtbRR { MtbRR stroke } bdef /PtbRR { MtbRR fill } bdef currentdict end def %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup MathWorks begin 0 cap end %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageBoundingBox: 38 182 560 595 MathWorks begin bpage %%EndPageSetup %%BeginObject: obj1 bplot /dpi2point 12 def portraitMode 0216 7344 csm 248 204 6260 4954 MR c np 93 dict 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6205 3557 L 531 3646 mt (0.5) s 899 2501 mt 953 2501 L 6259 2501 mt 6205 2501 L 731 2590 mt (1) s 899 1445 mt 953 1445 L 6259 1445 mt 6205 1445 L 531 1534 mt (1.5) s 899 389 mt 953 389 L 6259 389 mt 6205 389 L 731 478 mt (2) s 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 389 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np 54 -620 54 162 54 1772 55 -1605 54 775 54 188 54 1189 54 -405 54 -2457 54 1139 55 1045 54 -891 54 -619 54 -496 54 2570 54 -1943 54 -678 55 2099 54 767 54 -1569 54 -936 54 832 54 -853 54 203 55 1759 54 -1261 54 -576 54 -526 54 1311 54 -1117 54 1314 55 699 54 -1291 54 -922 54 878 54 1337 54 -767 54 -1075 55 -466 54 587 54 -391 54 1385 54 254 54 1820 54 -3448 55 -167 54 1267 54 -701 54 177 54 -488 54 203 54 2697 54 -1145 55 -485 54 -1568 54 1741 54 1846 54 -3382 54 457 54 1622 55 -936 54 -144 54 -606 54 1060 54 -832 54 -471 54 1717 55 -1660 54 -297 54 316 54 841 54 -959 54 1198 54 44 55 -955 54 670 54 -220 54 -534 54 -488 54 974 54 -326 55 765 54 1244 54 -2659 54 1844 54 551 54 -1880 54 -435 55 1067 54 583 54 -795 54 2735 54 -3427 54 -258 54 3054 55 -2762 54 -136 54 680 54 562 899 3101 100 MP stroke gr gs 826 741 5507 3843 MR c np 874 3076 mt 924 3126 L 924 3076 mt 874 3126 L 928 3638 mt 978 3688 L 978 3638 mt 928 3688 L 982 4318 mt 1032 4368 L 1032 4318 mt 982 4368 L 1036 4182 mt 1086 4232 L 1086 4182 mt 1036 4232 L 1091 1420 mt 1141 1470 L 1141 1420 mt 1091 1470 L 1145 4474 mt 1195 4524 L 1195 4474 mt 1145 4524 L 1199 4216 mt 1249 4266 L 1249 4216 mt 1199 4266 L 1253 789 mt 1303 839 L 1303 789 mt 1253 839 L 1307 3524 mt 1357 3574 L 1357 3524 mt 1307 3574 L 1361 2729 mt 1411 2779 L 1411 2729 mt 1361 2779 L 1415 3312 mt 1465 3362 L 1465 3312 mt 1415 3362 L 1470 4379 mt 1520 4429 L 1520 4379 mt 1470 4429 L 1524 3944 mt 1574 3994 L 1574 3944 mt 1524 3994 L 1578 2064 mt 1628 2114 L 1628 2064 mt 1578 2114 L 1632 2615 mt 1682 2665 L 1682 2615 mt 1632 2665 L 1686 4459 mt 1736 4509 L 1736 4459 mt 1686 4509 L 1740 1800 mt 1790 1850 L 1790 1800 mt 1740 1850 L 1794 3044 mt 1844 3094 L 1844 3044 mt 1794 3094 L 1849 3809 mt 1899 3859 L 1899 3809 mt 1849 3859 L 1903 3483 mt 1953 3533 L 1953 3483 mt 1903 3533 L 1957 4457 mt 2007 4507 L 2007 4457 mt 1957 4507 L 2011 3969 mt 2061 4019 L 2061 3969 mt 2011 4019 L 2065 3435 mt 2115 3485 L 2115 3435 mt 2065 3485 L 2119 3215 mt 2169 3265 L 2169 3215 mt 2119 3265 L 2173 3885 mt 2223 3935 L 2223 3885 mt 2173 3935 L 2228 2930 mt 2278 2980 L 2278 2930 mt 2228 2980 L 2282 2974 mt 2332 3024 L 2332 2974 mt 2282 3024 L 2336 4172 mt 2386 4222 L 2386 4172 mt 2336 4222 L 2390 3213 mt 2440 3263 L 2440 3213 mt 2390 3263 L 2444 4054 mt 2494 4104 L 2494 4054 mt 2444 4104 L 2498 4370 mt 2548 4420 L 2548 4370 mt 2498 4420 L 2552 4073 mt 2602 4123 L 2602 4073 mt 2552 4123 L 2607 2413 mt 2657 2463 L 2657 2413 mt 2607 2463 L 2661 4130 mt 2711 4180 L 2711 4130 mt 2661 4180 L 2715 3659 mt 2765 3709 L 2765 3659 mt 2715 3709 L 2769 2827 mt 2819 2877 L 2819 2827 mt 2769 2877 L 2823 3887 mt 2873 3937 L 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2647 mt 3906 2697 L 3960 2901 mt 4010 2951 L 4010 2901 mt 3960 2951 L 4014 4286 mt 4064 4336 L 4064 4286 mt 4014 4336 L 4068 3895 mt 4118 3945 L 4118 3895 mt 4068 3945 L 4122 4482 mt 4172 4532 L 4172 4482 mt 4122 4532 L 4177 4016 mt 4227 4066 L 4227 4016 mt 4177 4066 L 4231 2941 mt 4281 2991 L 4281 2941 mt 4231 2991 L 4285 2174 mt 4335 2224 L 4335 2174 mt 4285 2224 L 4339 3511 mt 4389 3561 L 4389 3511 mt 4339 3561 L 4393 4389 mt 4443 4439 L 4443 4389 mt 4393 4439 L 4447 3467 mt 4497 3517 L 4497 3467 mt 4447 3517 L 4501 2176 mt 4551 2226 L 4551 2176 mt 4501 2226 L 4556 2875 mt 4606 2925 L 4606 2875 mt 4556 2925 L 4610 4189 mt 4660 4239 L 4660 4189 mt 4610 4239 L 4664 3072 mt 4714 3122 L 4714 3072 mt 4664 3122 L 4718 4383 mt 4768 4433 L 4768 4383 mt 4718 4433 L 4772 3857 mt 4822 3907 L 4822 3857 mt 4772 3907 L 4826 3281 mt 4876 3331 L 4876 3281 mt 4826 3331 L 4880 2020 mt 4930 2070 L 4930 2020 mt 4880 2070 L 4935 3779 mt 4985 3829 L 4985 3779 mt 4935 3829 L 4989 3982 mt 5039 4032 L 5039 3982 mt 4989 4032 L 5043 3129 mt 5093 3179 L 5093 3129 mt 5043 3179 L 5097 3961 mt 5147 4011 L 5147 3961 mt 5097 4011 L 5151 3025 mt 5201 3075 L 5201 3025 mt 5151 3075 L 5205 1456 mt 5255 1506 L 5255 1456 mt 5205 1506 L 5259 2223 mt 5309 2273 L 5309 2223 mt 5259 2273 L 5314 4322 mt 5364 4372 L 5364 4322 mt 5314 4372 L 5368 3644 mt 5418 3694 L 5418 3644 mt 5368 3694 L 5422 1701 mt 5472 1751 L 5472 1701 mt 5422 1751 L 5476 4271 mt 5526 4321 L 5526 4271 mt 5476 4321 L 5530 3775 mt 5580 3825 L 5580 3775 mt 5530 3825 L 5584 3156 mt 5634 3206 L 5634 3156 mt 5584 3206 L 5638 2265 mt 5688 2315 L 5688 2265 mt 5638 2315 L 5693 3310 mt 5743 3360 L 5743 3310 mt 5693 3360 L 5747 4449 mt 5797 4499 L 5797 4449 mt 5747 4499 L 5801 1992 mt 5851 2042 L 5851 1992 mt 5801 2042 L 5855 1587 mt 5905 1637 L 5905 1587 mt 5855 1637 L 5909 2776 mt 5959 2826 L 5959 2776 mt 5909 2826 L 5963 2964 mt 6013 3014 L 6013 2964 mt 5963 3014 L 6017 3739 mt 6067 3789 L 6067 3739 mt 6017 3789 L 6072 2134 mt 6122 2184 L 6122 2134 mt 6072 2184 L 6126 3906 mt 6176 3956 L 6176 3906 mt 6126 3956 L 6180 4068 mt 6230 4118 L 6230 4068 mt 6180 4118 L 6234 3448 mt 6284 3498 L 6284 3448 mt 6234 3498 L gr gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np gr 2621 5102 mt (sequence number) s 476 4218 mt -90 rotate (packet inter-departure time [ms]) s 90 rotate end eplot %%EndObject epage end showpage %%Trailer %%EOF %%EndDocument @endspecial 806 1344 p (\(a\))s 26 r (P)s -1 r (ac)s -2 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 24 r (in)s -1 r (ter-departure)s 25 r (time)s 2002 1178 p @beginspecial 38.000000 @llx 182.000000 @lly 560.000000 @urx 595.000000 @ury 1452.000000 @rwi 875.000000 @rhi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/n2/y_rtt.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-1.2 %%Creator: MATLAB, The Mathworks, Inc. %%Title: y_rtt.eps %%CreationDate: 05/21/ 1 14:23:06 %%DocumentNeededFonts: Helvetica %%DocumentProcessColors: Cyan Magenta Yellow Black %%Pages: 1 %%BoundingBox: 38 182 560 595 %%EndComments %%BeginProlog % MathWorks dictionary /MathWorks 160 dict begin % definition operators /bdef {bind def} bind def /ldef {load def} bind def /xdef {exch def} bdef /xstore {exch store} bdef % operator abbreviations /c /clip ldef /cc /concat ldef /cp /closepath ldef /gr /grestore ldef /gs /gsave ldef /mt /moveto ldef /np /newpath ldef /cm /currentmatrix ldef /sm /setmatrix ldef /rc {rectclip} bdef /rf {rectfill} bdef /rm /rmoveto ldef /rl /rlineto ldef /s /show ldef /sc {setcmykcolor} bdef /sr /setrgbcolor ldef /sg /setgray ldef /w /setlinewidth ldef /j /setlinejoin ldef /cap /setlinecap ldef % page state control /pgsv () def /bpage {/pgsv save def} bdef /epage {pgsv restore} bdef /bplot /gsave ldef /eplot {stroke grestore} bdef % orientation switch /portraitMode 0 def /landscapeMode 1 def % coordinate system mappings /dpi2point 0 def % font control /FontSize 0 def /FMS { /FontSize xstore %save size off stack findfont [FontSize 0 0 FontSize neg 0 0] makefont setfont }bdef /reencode { exch dup where {pop load} {pop StandardEncoding} ifelse exch dup 3 1 roll findfont dup length dict begin { 1 index /FID ne {def}{pop pop} ifelse } forall /Encoding exch def currentdict end definefont pop } bdef /isroman { findfont /CharStrings get /Agrave known } bdef /FMSR { 3 1 roll 1 index dup isroman {reencode} {pop pop} ifelse exch FMS } bdef /csm { 1 dpi2point div -1 dpi2point div scale neg translate landscapeMode eq {90 rotate} if } bdef % line types: solid, dotted, dashed, dotdash /SO { [] 0 setdash } bdef /DO { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DA { [6 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DD { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul 6 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef % macros for lines and objects /L { lineto stroke } bdef /MP { 3 1 roll moveto 1 sub {rlineto} repeat } bdef /AP { {rlineto} repeat } bdef /PP { closepath eofill } bdef /DP { closepath stroke } bdef /MR { 4 -2 roll moveto dup 0 exch rlineto exch 0 rlineto neg 0 exch rlineto closepath } bdef /FR { MR stroke } bdef /PR { MR fill } bdef /L1i { { currentfile picstr readhexstring pop } image } bdef /tMatrix matrix def /MakeOval { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 0 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix } bdef /FO { MakeOval stroke } bdef /PO { MakeOval fill } bdef /PD { currentlinecap 1 setlinecap 3 1 roll 2 copy moveto lineto stroke setlinecap } bdef /FA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /FAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /vradius 0 def /hradius 0 def /lry 0 def /lrx 0 def /uly 0 def /ulx 0 def /rad 0 def /MRR { /vradius xdef /hradius xdef /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx hradius add uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 180 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 270 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 0 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix ulx hradius add lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 90 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FRR { MRR stroke } bdef /PRR { MRR fill } bdef /MlrRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lry uly sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 90 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 270 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FlrRR { MlrRR stroke } bdef /PlrRR { MlrRR fill } bdef /MtbRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lrx ulx sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 180 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 0 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FtbRR { MtbRR stroke } bdef /PtbRR { MtbRR fill } bdef currentdict end def %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup MathWorks begin 0 cap end %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageBoundingBox: 38 182 560 595 MathWorks begin bpage %%EndPageSetup %%BeginObject: obj1 bplot /dpi2point 12 def portraitMode 0216 7344 csm 248 204 6260 4954 MR c np 93 dict begin %Colortable dictionary /c0 { 0 0 0 sr} bdef /c1 { 1 1 1 sr} bdef /c2 { 1 0 0 sr} bdef /c3 { 0 1 0 sr} bdef /c4 { 0 0 1 sr} bdef /c5 { 1 1 0 sr} bdef /c6 { 1 0 1 sr} bdef /c7 { 0 1 1 sr} bdef c0 1 j 1 sg 0 0 6918 5185 PR 6 w 0 4224 5360 0 0 -4224 899 4613 4 MP PP -5360 0 0 4224 5360 0 0 -4224 899 4613 5 MP stroke 4 w DO SO 6 w 0 sg 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 389 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 1928 4613 mt 1928 4559 L 1928 389 mt 1928 443 L %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helvetica /ISOLatin1Encoding 240 FMSR 1728 4871 mt (120) s 3011 4613 mt 3011 4559 L 3011 389 mt 3011 443 L 2811 4871 mt (140) s 4093 4613 mt 4093 4559 L 4093 389 mt 4093 443 L 3893 4871 mt (160) s 5176 4613 mt 5176 4559 L 5176 389 mt 5176 443 L 4976 4871 mt (180) s 6259 4613 mt 6259 4559 L 6259 389 mt 6259 443 L 6059 4871 mt (200) s 899 4613 mt 953 4613 L 6259 4613 mt 6205 4613 L 731 4702 mt (0) s 899 3909 mt 953 3909 L 6259 3909 mt 6205 3909 L 531 3998 mt (0.5) s 899 3205 mt 953 3205 L 6259 3205 mt 6205 3205 L 731 3294 mt (1) s 899 2501 mt 953 2501 L 6259 2501 mt 6205 2501 L 531 2590 mt (1.5) s 899 1797 mt 953 1797 L 6259 1797 mt 6205 1797 L 731 1886 mt (2) s 899 1093 mt 953 1093 L 6259 1093 mt 6205 1093 L 531 1182 mt (2.5) s 899 389 mt 953 389 L 6259 389 mt 6205 389 L 731 478 mt (3) s 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 389 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np 54 208 54 -205 54 -11 55 -6 54 24 54 -20 54 9 54 123 54 175 54 -177 55 -96 54 -27 54 144 54 166 54 -169 54 -107 54 169 55 -103 54 -100 54 -10 54 127 54 239 54 -154 54 -192 55 7 54 -28 54 255 54 115 54 -45 54 -101 54 81 55 -294 54 -11 54 269 54 -142 54 -119 54 -4 54 428 55 189 54 -227 54 -20 54 -249 54 20 54 -31 54 310 55 29 54 -77 54 -35 54 297 54 -407 54 -35 54 -114 54 35 55 -117 54 383 54 -383 54 46 54 140 54 25 54 -207 55 10 54 -8 54 11 54 148 54 -161 54 169 54 -160 55 639 54 -20 54 -525 54 -93 54 268 54 85 54 -183 55 -174 54 0 54 253 54 244 54 -30 54 -380 54 56 55 -70 54 -14 54 298 54 -315 54 66 54 83 54 151 55 -235 54 198 54 -314 54 14 54 434 54 -25 54 -314 55 224 54 -179 54 -10 54 -127 899 2604 100 MP stroke gr gs 826 1897 5507 799 MR c np 874 2579 mt 924 2629 L 924 2579 mt 874 2629 L 928 2452 mt 978 2502 L 978 2452 mt 928 2502 L 982 2442 mt 1032 2492 L 1032 2442 mt 982 2492 L 1036 2263 mt 1086 2313 L 1086 2263 mt 1036 2313 L 1091 2487 mt 1141 2537 L 1141 2487 mt 1091 2537 L 1145 2173 mt 1195 2223 L 1195 2173 mt 1145 2223 L 1199 2148 mt 1249 2198 L 1249 2148 mt 1199 2198 L 1253 2582 mt 1303 2632 L 1303 2582 mt 1253 2632 L 1307 2596 mt 1357 2646 L 1357 2596 mt 1307 2646 L 1361 2282 mt 1411 2332 L 1411 2282 mt 1361 2332 L 1415 2480 mt 1465 2530 L 1465 2480 mt 1415 2530 L 1470 2245 mt 1520 2295 L 1520 2245 mt 1470 2295 L 1524 2396 mt 1574 2446 L 1574 2396 mt 1524 2446 L 1578 2479 mt 1628 2529 L 1628 2479 mt 1578 2529 L 1632 2545 mt 1682 2595 L 1682 2545 mt 1632 2595 L 1686 2230 mt 1736 2280 L 1736 2230 mt 1686 2280 L 1740 2528 mt 1790 2578 L 1790 2528 mt 1740 2578 L 1794 2514 mt 1844 2564 L 1844 2514 mt 1794 2564 L 1849 2444 mt 1899 2494 L 1899 2444 mt 1849 2494 L 1903 2500 mt 1953 2550 L 1953 2500 mt 1903 2550 L 1957 2120 mt 2007 2170 L 2007 2120 mt 1957 2170 L 2011 2090 mt 2061 2140 L 2061 2090 mt 2011 2140 L 2065 2334 mt 2115 2384 L 2115 2334 mt 2065 2384 L 2119 2587 mt 2169 2637 L 2169 2587 mt 2119 2637 L 2173 2587 mt 2223 2637 L 2223 2587 mt 2173 2637 L 2228 2413 mt 2278 2463 L 2278 2413 mt 2228 2463 L 2282 2230 mt 2332 2280 L 2332 2230 mt 2282 2280 L 2336 2315 mt 2386 2365 L 2386 2315 mt 2336 2365 L 2390 2583 mt 2440 2633 L 2440 2583 mt 2390 2633 L 2444 2490 mt 2494 2540 L 2494 2490 mt 2444 2540 L 2498 1965 mt 2548 2015 L 2548 1965 mt 2498 2015 L 2552 1945 mt 2602 1995 L 2602 1945 mt 2552 1995 L 2607 2584 mt 2657 2634 L 2657 2584 mt 2607 2634 L 2661 2424 mt 2711 2474 L 2711 2424 mt 2661 2474 L 2715 2593 mt 2765 2643 L 2765 2593 mt 2715 2643 L 2769 2432 mt 2819 2482 L 2819 2432 mt 2769 2482 L 2823 2580 mt 2873 2630 L 2873 2580 mt 2823 2630 L 2877 2591 mt 2927 2641 L 2927 2591 mt 2877 2641 L 2931 2583 mt 2981 2633 L 2981 2583 mt 2931 2633 L 2986 2593 mt 3036 2643 L 3036 2593 mt 2986 2643 L 3040 2386 mt 3090 2436 L 3090 2386 mt 3040 2436 L 3094 2411 mt 3144 2461 L 3144 2411 mt 3094 2461 L 3148 2551 mt 3198 2601 L 3198 2551 mt 3148 2601 L 3202 2597 mt 3252 2647 L 3252 2597 mt 3202 2647 L 3256 2214 mt 3306 2264 L 3306 2214 mt 3256 2264 L 3310 2597 mt 3360 2647 L 3360 2597 mt 3310 2647 L 3365 2480 mt 3415 2530 L 3415 2480 mt 3365 2530 L 3419 2515 mt 3469 2565 L 3469 2515 mt 3419 2565 L 3473 2401 mt 3523 2451 L 3523 2401 mt 3473 2451 L 3527 2366 mt 3577 2416 L 3577 2366 mt 3527 2416 L 3581 1959 mt 3631 2009 L 3631 1959 mt 3581 2009 L 3635 2256 mt 3685 2306 L 3685 2256 mt 3635 2306 L 3689 2221 mt 3739 2271 L 3739 2221 mt 3689 2271 L 3743 2144 mt 3793 2194 L 3793 2144 mt 3743 2194 L 3798 2173 mt 3848 2223 L 3848 2173 mt 3798 2223 L 3852 2483 mt 3902 2533 L 3902 2483 mt 3852 2533 L 3906 2452 mt 3956 2502 L 3956 2452 mt 3906 2502 L 3960 2472 mt 4010 2522 L 4010 2472 mt 3960 2522 L 4014 2223 mt 4064 2273 L 4064 2223 mt 4014 2273 L 4068 2203 mt 4118 2253 L 4118 2203 mt 4068 2253 L 4122 1976 mt 4172 2026 L 4172 1976 mt 4122 2026 L 4177 2165 mt 4227 2215 L 4227 2165 mt 4177 2215 L 4231 2593 mt 4281 2643 L 4281 2593 mt 4231 2643 L 4285 2589 mt 4335 2639 L 4335 2589 mt 4285 2639 L 4339 2470 mt 4389 2520 L 4389 2470 mt 4339 2520 L 4393 2328 mt 4443 2378 L 4443 2328 mt 4393 2378 L 4447 2597 mt 4497 2647 L 4497 2597 mt 4447 2647 L 4501 2586 mt 4551 2636 L 4551 2586 mt 4501 2636 L 4556 2292 mt 4606 2342 L 4606 2292 mt 4556 2342 L 4610 2373 mt 4660 2423 L 4660 2373 mt 4610 2423 L 4664 2272 mt 4714 2322 L 4714 2272 mt 4664 2322 L 4718 2227 mt 4768 2277 L 4768 2227 mt 4718 2277 L 4772 2342 mt 4822 2392 L 4822 2342 mt 4772 2392 L 4826 2597 mt 4876 2647 L 4876 2597 mt 4826 2647 L 4880 2569 mt 4930 2619 L 4930 2569 mt 4880 2619 L 4935 2576 mt 4985 2626 L 4985 2576 mt 4935 2626 L 4989 2384 mt 5039 2434 L 5039 2384 mt 4989 2434 L 5043 2230 mt 5093 2280 L 5093 2230 mt 5043 2280 L 5097 2469 mt 5147 2519 L 5147 2469 mt 5097 2519 L 5151 2596 mt 5201 2646 L 5201 2596 mt 5151 2646 L 5205 2586 mt 5255 2636 L 5255 2586 mt 5205 2636 L 5259 2486 mt 5309 2536 L 5309 2486 mt 5259 2536 L 5314 2383 mt 5364 2433 L 5364 2383 mt 5314 2433 L 5368 2552 mt 5418 2602 L 5418 2552 mt 5368 2602 L 5422 2445 mt 5472 2495 L 5472 2445 mt 5422 2495 L 5476 2276 mt 5526 2326 L 5526 2276 mt 5476 2326 L 5530 2442 mt 5580 2492 L 5580 2442 mt 5530 2492 L 5584 2586 mt 5634 2636 L 5634 2586 mt 5584 2636 L 5638 2559 mt 5688 2609 L 5688 2559 mt 5638 2609 L 5693 2463 mt 5743 2513 L 5743 2463 mt 5693 2513 L 5747 2286 mt 5797 2336 L 5797 2286 mt 5747 2336 L 5801 2461 mt 5851 2511 L 5851 2461 mt 5801 2511 L 5855 2584 mt 5905 2634 L 5905 2584 mt 5855 2634 L 5909 2593 mt 5959 2643 L 5959 2593 mt 5909 2643 L 5963 2573 mt 6013 2623 L 6013 2573 mt 5963 2623 L 6017 2597 mt 6067 2647 L 6067 2597 mt 6017 2647 L 6072 2591 mt 6122 2641 L 6122 2591 mt 6072 2641 L 6126 2580 mt 6176 2630 L 6176 2580 mt 6126 2630 L 6180 2375 mt 6230 2425 L 6230 2375 mt 6180 2425 L 6234 2583 mt 6284 2633 L 6284 2583 mt 6234 2633 L gr gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np gr 2621 5102 mt (sequence number) s 476 3560 mt -90 rotate (round-trip time [ms]) s 90 rotate end eplot %%EndObject epage end showpage %%Trailer %%EOF %%EndDocument @endspecial 2096 1344 p (\(b\))s 26 r (Measured)s 25 r (round-trip)s 26 r (time)s 741 2149 p @beginspecial 27.000000 @llx 182.000000 @lly 560.000000 @urx 595.000000 @ury 1452.000000 @rwi 875.000000 @rhi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/n2/y1.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-1.2 %%Creator: MATLAB, The Mathworks, Inc. %%Title: y1.eps %%CreationDate: 05/21/ 1 14:23:08 %%DocumentNeededFonts: Helvetica %%DocumentProcessColors: Cyan Magenta Yellow Black %%Pages: 1 %%BoundingBox: 27 182 560 595 %%EndComments %%BeginProlog % MathWorks dictionary /MathWorks 160 dict begin % definition operators /bdef {bind def} bind def /ldef {load def} bind def /xdef {exch def} bdef /xstore {exch store} bdef % operator abbreviations /c /clip ldef /cc /concat ldef /cp /closepath ldef /gr /grestore ldef /gs /gsave ldef /mt /moveto ldef /np /newpath ldef /cm /currentmatrix ldef /sm /setmatrix ldef /rc {rectclip} bdef /rf {rectfill} bdef /rm /rmoveto ldef /rl /rlineto ldef /s /show ldef /sc {setcmykcolor} bdef /sr /setrgbcolor ldef /sg /setgray ldef /w /setlinewidth ldef /j /setlinejoin ldef /cap /setlinecap ldef % page state control /pgsv () def /bpage {/pgsv save def} bdef /epage {pgsv restore} bdef /bplot /gsave ldef /eplot {stroke grestore} bdef % orientation switch /portraitMode 0 def /landscapeMode 1 def % coordinate system mappings /dpi2point 0 def % font control /FontSize 0 def /FMS { /FontSize xstore %save size off stack findfont [FontSize 0 0 FontSize neg 0 0] makefont setfont }bdef /reencode { exch dup where {pop load} {pop StandardEncoding} ifelse exch dup 3 1 roll findfont dup length dict begin { 1 index /FID ne {def}{pop pop} ifelse } forall /Encoding exch def currentdict end definefont pop } bdef /isroman { findfont /CharStrings get /Agrave known } bdef /FMSR { 3 1 roll 1 index dup isroman {reencode} {pop pop} ifelse exch FMS } bdef /csm { 1 dpi2point div -1 dpi2point div scale neg translate landscapeMode eq {90 rotate} if } bdef % line types: solid, dotted, dashed, dotdash /SO { [] 0 setdash } bdef /DO { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DA { [6 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DD { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul 6 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef % macros for lines and objects /L { lineto stroke } bdef /MP { 3 1 roll moveto 1 sub {rlineto} repeat } bdef /AP { {rlineto} repeat } bdef /PP { closepath eofill } bdef /DP { closepath stroke } bdef /MR { 4 -2 roll moveto dup 0 exch rlineto exch 0 rlineto neg 0 exch rlineto closepath } bdef /FR { MR stroke } bdef /PR { MR fill } bdef /L1i { { currentfile picstr readhexstring pop } image } bdef /tMatrix matrix def /MakeOval { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 0 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix } bdef /FO { MakeOval stroke } bdef /PO { MakeOval fill } bdef /PD { currentlinecap 1 setlinecap 3 1 roll 2 copy moveto lineto stroke setlinecap } bdef /FA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /FAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /vradius 0 def /hradius 0 def /lry 0 def /lrx 0 def /uly 0 def /ulx 0 def /rad 0 def /MRR { /vradius xdef /hradius xdef /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx hradius add uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 180 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 270 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 0 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix ulx hradius add lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 90 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FRR { MRR stroke } bdef /PRR { MRR fill } bdef /MlrRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lry uly sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 90 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 270 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FlrRR { MlrRR stroke } bdef /PlrRR { MlrRR fill } bdef /MtbRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lrx ulx sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 180 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 0 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FtbRR { MtbRR stroke } bdef /PtbRR { MtbRR fill } bdef currentdict end def %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup MathWorks begin 0 cap end %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageBoundingBox: 27 182 560 595 MathWorks begin bpage %%EndPageSetup %%BeginObject: obj1 bplot /dpi2point 12 def portraitMode 0216 7344 csm 108 204 6400 4954 MR c np 93 dict begin %Colortable dictionary /c0 { 0 0 0 sr} bdef /c1 { 1 1 1 sr} bdef /c2 { 1 0 0 sr} bdef /c3 { 0 1 0 sr} bdef /c4 { 0 0 1 sr} bdef /c5 { 1 1 0 sr} bdef /c6 { 1 0 1 sr} bdef /c7 { 0 1 1 sr} bdef c0 1 j 1 sg 0 0 6918 5185 PR 6 w 0 4224 5360 0 0 -4224 899 4613 4 MP PP -5360 0 0 4224 5360 0 0 -4224 899 4613 5 MP stroke 4 w DO SO 6 w 0 sg 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 389 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 1928 4613 mt 1928 4559 L 1928 389 mt 1928 443 L %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helvetica /ISOLatin1Encoding 240 FMSR 1728 4871 mt (120) s 3011 4613 mt 3011 4559 L 3011 389 mt 3011 443 L 2811 4871 mt (140) s 4093 4613 mt 4093 4559 L 4093 389 mt 4093 443 L 3893 4871 mt (160) s 5176 4613 mt 5176 4559 L 5176 389 mt 5176 443 L 4976 4871 mt (180) s 6259 4613 mt 6259 4559 L 6259 389 mt 6259 443 L 6059 4871 mt (200) s 899 4613 mt 953 4613 L 6259 4613 mt 6205 4613 L 391 4702 mt (-0.5) s 899 2501 mt 953 2501 L 6259 2501 mt 6205 2501 L 731 2590 mt (0) s 899 389 mt 953 389 L 6259 389 mt 6205 389 L 531 478 mt (0.5) s 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 389 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np 54 -600 54 1242 54 -583 55 -17 54 -89 54 131 54 -84 54 -347 54 -152 54 1056 55 -245 54 -207 54 -511 54 -68 54 1006 54 -186 54 -828 55 815 54 -8 54 -271 54 -409 54 -338 54 1183 54 109 55 -595 54 105 54 -849 54 419 54 481 54 169 54 -549 55 1128 54 -849 54 -841 54 1234 54 -72 54 -342 54 -1297 55 718 54 1246 54 -621 54 689 54 -807 54 152 54 -1022 55 840 54 321 54 -126 54 -997 54 2112 54 -1115 54 236 54 -448 55 457 54 -1500 54 2298 54 -1288 54 -279 54 342 54 697 55 -651 54 55 54 -59 54 -410 54 925 54 -988 54 988 55 -2399 54 1977 54 1516 54 -1296 54 -1082 54 545 54 807 55 -25 54 -524 54 -760 54 29 54 820 54 1051 54 -1309 55 380 54 -169 54 -938 54 1842 54 -1145 54 -50 54 -203 55 1157 54 -1301 54 1538 54 -984 54 -1259 54 1377 54 866 55 -1614 54 1208 54 -507 54 351 899 2121 100 MP stroke gr gs 826 853 5507 3640 MR c np 874 2096 mt 924 2146 L 924 2096 mt 874 2146 L 928 2447 mt 978 2497 L 978 2447 mt 928 2497 L 982 1940 mt 1032 1990 L 1032 1940 mt 982 1990 L 1036 3148 mt 1086 3198 L 1086 3148 mt 1036 3198 L 1091 1534 mt 1141 1584 L 1141 1534 mt 1091 1584 L 1145 2400 mt 1195 2450 L 1195 2400 mt 1145 2450 L 1199 3777 mt 1249 3827 L 1249 3777 mt 1199 3827 L 1253 2518 mt 1303 2568 L 1303 2518 mt 1253 2568 L 1307 1534 mt 1357 1584 L 1357 1534 mt 1307 1584 L 1361 3072 mt 1411 3122 L 1411 3072 mt 1361 3122 L 1415 1771 mt 1465 1821 L 1465 1771 mt 1415 1821 L 1470 2928 mt 1520 2978 L 1520 2928 mt 1470 2978 L 1524 2725 mt 1574 2775 L 1574 2725 mt 1524 2775 L 1578 2675 mt 1628 2725 L 1628 2675 mt 1578 2725 L 1632 1530 mt 1682 1580 L 1682 1530 mt 1632 1580 L 1686 3372 mt 1736 3422 L 1736 3372 mt 1686 3422 L 1740 2434 mt 1790 2484 L 1790 2434 mt 1740 2484 L 1794 2265 mt 1844 2315 L 1844 2265 mt 1794 2315 L 1849 2645 mt 1899 2695 L 1899 2645 mt 1849 2695 L 1903 1336 mt 1953 1386 L 1953 1336 mt 1903 1386 L 1957 2387 mt 2007 2437 L 2007 2387 mt 1957 2437 L 2011 3207 mt 2061 3257 L 2061 3207 mt 2011 3257 L 2065 3236 mt 2115 3286 L 2115 3236 mt 2065 3286 L 2119 2476 mt 2169 2526 L 2169 2476 mt 2119 2526 L 2173 1952 mt 2223 2002 L 2223 1952 mt 2173 2002 L 2228 1927 mt 2278 1977 L 2278 1927 mt 2228 1977 L 2282 2734 mt 2332 2784 L 2332 2734 mt 2282 2784 L 2336 3279 mt 2386 3329 L 2386 3279 mt 2336 3329 L 2390 2197 mt 2440 2247 L 2440 2197 mt 2390 2247 L 2444 901 mt 2494 951 L 2494 901 mt 2444 951 L 2498 2417 mt 2548 2467 L 2548 2417 mt 2498 2467 L 2552 4394 mt 2602 4444 L 2602 4394 mt 2552 4444 L 2607 1995 mt 2657 2045 L 2657 1995 mt 2607 2045 L 2661 2983 mt 2711 3033 L 2711 2983 mt 2661 3033 L 2715 1995 mt 2765 2045 L 2765 1995 mt 2715 2045 L 2769 2920 mt 2819 2970 L 2819 2920 mt 2769 2970 L 2823 2510 mt 2873 2560 L 2873 2510 mt 2823 2560 L 2877 2451 mt 2927 2501 L 2927 2451 mt 2877 2501 L 2931 2506 mt 2981 2556 L 2981 2506 mt 2931 2556 L 2986 1855 mt 3036 1905 L 3036 1855 mt 2986 1905 L 3040 2552 mt 3090 2602 L 3090 2552 mt 3040 2602 L 3094 2894 mt 3144 2944 L 3144 2894 mt 3094 2944 L 3148 2615 mt 3198 2665 L 3198 2615 mt 3148 2665 L 3202 1327 mt 3252 1377 L 3252 1327 mt 3202 1377 L 3256 3625 mt 3306 3675 L 3306 3625 mt 3256 3675 L 3310 2125 mt 3360 2175 L 3360 2125 mt 3310 2175 L 3365 2582 mt 3415 2632 L 3415 2582 mt 3365 2632 L 3419 2134 mt 3469 2184 L 3469 2134 mt 3419 2184 L 3473 2370 mt 3523 2420 L 3523 2370 mt 3473 2420 L 3527 1255 mt 3577 1305 L 3577 1255 mt 3527 1305 L 3581 3367 mt 3631 3417 L 3631 3367 mt 3581 3417 L 3635 2370 mt 3685 2420 L 3685 2370 mt 3635 2420 L 3689 2244 mt 3739 2294 L 3739 2244 mt 3689 2294 L 3743 2565 mt 3793 2615 L 3793 2565 mt 3743 2615 L 3798 3405 mt 3848 3455 L 3848 3405 mt 3798 3455 L 3852 2383 mt 3902 2433 L 3902 2383 mt 3852 2433 L 3906 2535 mt 3956 2585 L 3956 2535 mt 3906 2585 L 3960 1728 mt 4010 1778 L 4010 1728 mt 3960 1778 L 4014 2417 mt 4064 2467 L 4064 2417 mt 4014 2467 L 4068 1796 mt 4118 1846 L 4118 1796 mt 4068 1846 L 4122 3042 mt 4172 3092 L 4172 3042 mt 4122 3092 L 4177 3760 mt 4227 3810 L 4227 3760 mt 4177 3810 L 4231 2463 mt 4281 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875.000000 @rhi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/n3/u.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-1.2 %%Creator: MATLAB, The Mathworks, Inc. %%Title: u.eps %%CreationDate: 05/21/ 1 14:32:24 %%DocumentNeededFonts: Helvetica %%DocumentProcessColors: Cyan Magenta Yellow Black %%Pages: 1 %%BoundingBox: 44 182 560 595 %%EndComments %%BeginProlog % MathWorks dictionary /MathWorks 160 dict begin % definition operators /bdef {bind def} bind def /ldef {load def} bind def /xdef {exch def} bdef /xstore {exch store} bdef % operator abbreviations /c /clip ldef /cc /concat ldef /cp /closepath ldef /gr /grestore ldef /gs /gsave ldef /mt /moveto ldef /np /newpath ldef /cm /currentmatrix ldef /sm /setmatrix ldef /rc {rectclip} bdef /rf {rectfill} bdef /rm /rmoveto ldef /rl /rlineto ldef /s /show ldef /sc {setcmykcolor} bdef /sr /setrgbcolor ldef /sg /setgray ldef /w /setlinewidth ldef /j /setlinejoin ldef /cap /setlinecap ldef % page state control /pgsv () def /bpage {/pgsv save def} bdef /epage {pgsv restore} bdef /bplot /gsave ldef /eplot {stroke grestore} bdef % orientation switch /portraitMode 0 def /landscapeMode 1 def % coordinate system mappings /dpi2point 0 def % font control /FontSize 0 def /FMS { /FontSize xstore %save size off stack findfont [FontSize 0 0 FontSize neg 0 0] makefont setfont }bdef /reencode { exch dup where {pop load} {pop StandardEncoding} ifelse exch dup 3 1 roll findfont dup length dict begin { 1 index /FID ne {def}{pop pop} ifelse } forall /Encoding exch def currentdict end definefont pop } bdef /isroman { findfont /CharStrings get /Agrave known } bdef /FMSR { 3 1 roll 1 index dup isroman {reencode} {pop pop} ifelse exch FMS } bdef /csm { 1 dpi2point div -1 dpi2point div scale neg translate landscapeMode eq {90 rotate} if } bdef % line types: solid, dotted, dashed, dotdash /SO { [] 0 setdash } bdef /DO { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DA { [6 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DD { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul 6 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef % macros for lines and objects /L { lineto stroke } bdef /MP { 3 1 roll moveto 1 sub {rlineto} repeat } bdef /AP { {rlineto} repeat } bdef /PP { closepath eofill } bdef /DP { closepath stroke } bdef /MR { 4 -2 roll moveto dup 0 exch rlineto exch 0 rlineto neg 0 exch rlineto closepath } bdef /FR { MR stroke } bdef /PR { MR fill } bdef /L1i { { currentfile picstr readhexstring pop } image } bdef /tMatrix matrix def /MakeOval { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 0 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix } bdef /FO { MakeOval stroke } bdef /PO { MakeOval fill } bdef /PD { currentlinecap 1 setlinecap 3 1 roll 2 copy moveto lineto stroke setlinecap } bdef /FA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /FAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /vradius 0 def /hradius 0 def /lry 0 def /lrx 0 def /uly 0 def /ulx 0 def /rad 0 def /MRR { /vradius xdef /hradius xdef /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx hradius add uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 180 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 270 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 0 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix ulx hradius add lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 90 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FRR { MRR stroke } bdef /PRR { MRR fill } bdef /MlrRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lry uly sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 90 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 270 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FlrRR { MlrRR stroke } bdef /PlrRR { MlrRR fill } bdef /MtbRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lrx ulx sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 180 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 0 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FtbRR { MtbRR stroke } bdef /PtbRR { MtbRR fill } bdef currentdict end def %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup MathWorks begin 0 cap end %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageBoundingBox: 44 182 560 595 MathWorks begin bpage %%EndPageSetup %%BeginObject: obj1 bplot /dpi2point 12 def portraitMode 0216 7344 csm 315 204 6193 4954 MR c np 93 dict begin %Colortable dictionary /c0 { 0 0 0 sr} bdef /c1 { 1 1 1 sr} bdef /c2 { 1 0 0 sr} bdef /c3 { 0 1 0 sr} bdef /c4 { 0 0 1 sr} bdef /c5 { 1 1 0 sr} bdef /c6 { 1 0 1 sr} bdef /c7 { 0 1 1 sr} bdef 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/MathWorks 160 dict begin % definition operators /bdef {bind def} bind def /ldef {load def} bind def /xdef {exch def} bdef /xstore {exch store} bdef % operator abbreviations /c /clip ldef /cc /concat ldef /cp /closepath ldef /gr /grestore ldef /gs /gsave ldef /mt /moveto ldef /np /newpath ldef /cm /currentmatrix ldef /sm /setmatrix ldef /rc {rectclip} bdef /rf {rectfill} bdef /rm /rmoveto ldef /rl /rlineto ldef /s /show ldef /sc {setcmykcolor} bdef /sr /setrgbcolor ldef /sg /setgray ldef /w /setlinewidth ldef /j /setlinejoin ldef /cap /setlinecap ldef % page state control /pgsv () def /bpage {/pgsv save def} bdef /epage {pgsv restore} bdef /bplot /gsave ldef /eplot {stroke grestore} bdef % orientation switch /portraitMode 0 def /landscapeMode 1 def % coordinate system mappings /dpi2point 0 def % font control /FontSize 0 def /FMS { /FontSize xstore %save size off stack findfont [FontSize 0 0 FontSize neg 0 0] makefont setfont }bdef /reencode { exch dup where {pop load} {pop StandardEncoding} ifelse exch dup 3 1 roll findfont dup length dict begin { 1 index /FID ne {def}{pop pop} ifelse } forall /Encoding exch def currentdict end definefont pop } bdef /isroman { findfont /CharStrings get /Agrave known } bdef /FMSR { 3 1 roll 1 index dup isroman {reencode} {pop pop} ifelse exch FMS } bdef /csm { 1 dpi2point div -1 dpi2point div scale neg translate landscapeMode eq {90 rotate} if } bdef % line types: solid, dotted, dashed, dotdash /SO { [] 0 setdash } bdef /DO { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DA { [6 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DD { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul 6 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef % macros for lines and objects /L { lineto stroke } bdef /MP { 3 1 roll moveto 1 sub {rlineto} repeat } bdef /AP { {rlineto} repeat } bdef /PP { closepath eofill } bdef /DP { closepath stroke } bdef /MR { 4 -2 roll moveto dup 0 exch rlineto exch 0 rlineto neg 0 exch rlineto closepath } bdef /FR { MR stroke } bdef /PR { MR fill } bdef /L1i { { currentfile picstr readhexstring pop } image } bdef /tMatrix matrix def /MakeOval { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 0 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix } bdef /FO { MakeOval stroke } bdef /PO { MakeOval fill } bdef /PD { currentlinecap 1 setlinecap 3 1 roll 2 copy moveto lineto stroke setlinecap } bdef /FA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /FAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /vradius 0 def /hradius 0 def /lry 0 def /lrx 0 def /uly 0 def /ulx 0 def /rad 0 def /MRR { /vradius xdef /hradius xdef /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx hradius add uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 180 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 270 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 0 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix ulx hradius add lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 90 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FRR { MRR stroke } bdef /PRR { MRR fill } bdef /MlrRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lry uly sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 90 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 270 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FlrRR { MlrRR stroke } bdef /PlrRR { MlrRR fill } bdef /MtbRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lrx ulx sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 180 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 0 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FtbRR { MtbRR stroke } bdef /PtbRR { MtbRR fill } bdef currentdict end def %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup MathWorks begin 0 cap end %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageBoundingBox: 44 182 560 595 MathWorks begin bpage %%EndPageSetup %%BeginObject: obj1 bplot /dpi2point 12 def portraitMode 0216 7344 csm 315 204 6193 4954 MR c np 93 dict begin %Colortable dictionary /c0 { 0 0 0 sr} bdef /c1 { 1 1 1 sr} bdef /c2 { 1 0 0 sr} bdef /c3 { 0 1 0 sr} bdef /c4 { 0 0 1 sr} bdef /c5 { 1 1 0 sr} bdef /c6 { 1 0 1 sr} bdef /c7 { 0 1 1 sr} bdef c0 1 j 1 sg 0 0 6918 5185 PR 6 w 0 4224 5360 0 0 -4224 899 4613 4 MP PP -5360 0 0 4224 5360 0 0 -4224 899 4613 5 MP stroke 4 w DO SO 6 w 0 sg 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 389 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 1928 4613 mt 1928 4559 L 1928 389 mt 1928 443 L 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6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np 54 -190 54 -24 54 184 55 -178 54 454 54 -143 54 78 54 -72 54 278 54 50 55 -33 54 -383 54 -232 54 2 54 57 54 -29 54 123 55 -137 54 52 54 -44 54 -24 54 0 54 2 54 258 55 310 54 -463 54 185 54 162 54 -456 54 121 54 -99 55 -20 54 2 54 5 54 81 54 51 54 -132 54 4 55 104 54 77 54 276 54 141 54 -372 54 150 54 -145 55 33 54 -59 54 251 54 -339 54 -35 54 454 54 195 54 404 55 -382 54 -266 54 -458 54 60 54 -98 54 -3 54 4 55 692 54 145 54 -402 54 16 54 -201 54 -253 54 926 55 435 54 2 54 12 54 -470 54 -731 54 382 54 -364 55 0 54 -30 54 -159 54 3 54 630 54 96 54 1032 55 -553 54 -483 54 -210 54 -13 54 84 54 -450 54 -107 55 46 54 351 54 398 54 -386 54 -221 54 -105 54 -103 55 51 54 1 54 305 54 411 899 2607 100 MP stroke gr gs 826 1550 5507 1914 MR c np 874 2582 mt 924 2632 L 924 2582 mt 874 2632 L 928 2993 mt 978 3043 L 978 2993 mt 928 3043 L 982 3298 mt 1032 3348 L 1032 3298 mt 982 3348 L 1036 3299 mt 1086 3349 L 1086 3299 mt 1036 3349 L 1091 3350 mt 1141 3400 L 1141 3350 mt 1091 3400 L 1145 3247 mt 1195 3297 L 1195 3247 mt 1145 3297 L 1199 3142 mt 1249 3192 L 1249 3142 mt 1199 3192 L 1253 2921 mt 1303 2971 L 1303 2921 mt 1253 2971 L 1307 2535 mt 1357 2585 L 1357 2535 mt 1307 2585 L 1361 2933 mt 1411 2983 L 1411 2933 mt 1361 2983 L 1415 3284 mt 1465 3334 L 1465 3284 mt 1415 3334 L 1470 3330 mt 1520 3380 L 1520 3330 mt 1470 3380 L 1524 3223 mt 1574 3273 L 1574 3223 mt 1524 3273 L 1578 2773 mt 1628 2823 L 1628 2773 mt 1578 2823 L 1632 2857 mt 1682 2907 L 1682 2857 mt 1632 2907 L 1686 2844 mt 1736 2894 L 1736 2844 mt 1686 2894 L 1740 2634 mt 1790 2684 L 1790 2634 mt 1740 2684 L 1794 2151 mt 1844 2201 L 1844 2151 mt 1794 2201 L 1849 1598 mt 1899 1648 L 1899 1598 mt 1849 1648 L 1903 2630 mt 1953 2680 L 1953 2630 mt 1903 2680 L 1957 2726 mt 2007 2776 L 2007 2726 mt 1957 2776 L 2011 3356 mt 2061 3406 L 2061 3356 mt 2011 3406 L 2065 3359 mt 2115 3409 L 2115 3359 mt 2065 3409 L 2119 3200 mt 2169 3250 L 2169 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3322 mt 3202 3372 L 3256 2864 mt 3306 2914 L 3306 2864 mt 3256 2914 L 3310 2598 mt 3360 2648 L 3360 2598 mt 3310 2648 L 3365 2216 mt 3415 2266 L 3415 2216 mt 3365 2266 L 3419 2620 mt 3469 2670 L 3469 2620 mt 3419 2670 L 3473 2815 mt 3523 2865 L 3523 2815 mt 3473 2865 L 3527 3269 mt 3577 3319 L 3577 3269 mt 3527 3319 L 3581 3234 mt 3631 3284 L 3631 3234 mt 3581 3284 L 3635 2895 mt 3685 2945 L 3685 2895 mt 3635 2945 L 3689 3146 mt 3739 3196 L 3739 3146 mt 3689 3196 L 3743 3087 mt 3793 3137 L 3793 3087 mt 3743 3137 L 3798 3120 mt 3848 3170 L 3848 3120 mt 3798 3170 L 3852 2975 mt 3902 3025 L 3902 2975 mt 3852 3025 L 3906 3125 mt 3956 3175 L 3956 3125 mt 3906 3175 L 3960 2753 mt 4010 2803 L 4010 2753 mt 3960 2803 L 4014 2894 mt 4064 2944 L 4064 2894 mt 4014 2944 L 4068 3170 mt 4118 3220 L 4118 3170 mt 4068 3220 L 4122 3247 mt 4172 3297 L 4172 3247 mt 4122 3297 L 4177 3351 mt 4227 3401 L 4227 3351 mt 4177 3401 L 4231 3355 mt 4281 3405 L 4281 3355 mt 4231 3405 L 4285 3223 mt 4335 3273 L 4335 3223 mt 4285 3273 L 4339 3274 mt 4389 3324 L 4389 3274 mt 4339 3324 L 4393 3355 mt 4443 3405 L 4443 3355 mt 4393 3405 L 4447 3360 mt 4497 3410 L 4497 3360 mt 4447 3410 L 4501 3362 mt 4551 3412 L 4551 3362 mt 4501 3412 L 4556 3342 mt 4606 3392 L 4606 3342 mt 4556 3392 L 4610 3243 mt 4660 3293 L 4660 3243 mt 4610 3293 L 4664 3364 mt 4714 3414 L 4714 3364 mt 4664 3414 L 4718 2908 mt 4768 2958 L 4768 2908 mt 4718 2958 L 4772 3070 mt 4822 3120 L 4822 3070 mt 4772 3120 L 4826 3255 mt 4876 3305 L 4876 3255 mt 4826 3305 L 4880 2792 mt 4930 2842 L 4930 2792 mt 4880 2842 L 4935 3102 mt 4985 3152 L 4985 3102 mt 4935 3152 L 4989 3360 mt 5039 3410 L 5039 3360 mt 4989 3410 L 5043 3362 mt 5093 3412 L 5093 3362 mt 5043 3412 L 5097 3362 mt 5147 3412 L 5147 3362 mt 5097 3412 L 5151 3338 mt 5201 3388 L 5201 3338 mt 5151 3388 L 5205 3294 mt 5255 3344 L 5255 3294 mt 5205 3344 L 5259 3346 mt 5309 3396 L 5309 3346 mt 5259 3396 L 5314 3209 mt 5364 3259 L 5364 3209 mt 5314 3259 L 5368 3332 mt 5418 3382 L 5418 3332 mt 5368 3382 L 5422 3303 mt 5472 3353 L 5472 3303 mt 5422 3353 L 5476 3360 mt 5526 3410 L 5526 3360 mt 5476 3410 L 5530 3362 mt 5580 3412 L 5580 3362 mt 5530 3412 L 5584 3130 mt 5634 3180 L 5634 3130 mt 5584 3180 L 5638 2747 mt 5688 2797 L 5688 2747 mt 5638 2797 L 5693 2714 mt 5743 2764 L 5743 2714 mt 5693 2764 L 5747 2764 mt 5797 2814 L 5797 2764 mt 5747 2814 L 5801 3042 mt 5851 3092 L 5851 3042 mt 5801 3092 L 5855 2970 mt 5905 3020 L 5905 2970 mt 5855 3020 L 5909 3048 mt 5959 3098 L 5959 3048 mt 5909 3098 L 5963 2905 mt 6013 2955 L 6013 2905 mt 5963 2955 L 6017 3359 mt 6067 3409 L 6067 3359 mt 6017 3409 L 6072 3181 mt 6122 3231 L 6122 3181 mt 6072 3231 L 6126 3365 mt 6176 3415 L 6176 3365 mt 6126 3415 L 6180 3341 mt 6230 3391 L 6230 3341 mt 6180 3391 L 6234 3151 mt 6284 3201 L 6284 3151 mt 6234 3201 L gr gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np gr 2621 5102 mt (sequence number) s 543 3560 mt -90 rotate (round-trip time [ms]) s 90 rotate end eplot %%EndObject epage end showpage %%Trailer %%EOF %%EndDocument @endspecial 2096 1344 p (\(b\))s 26 r (Measured)s 25 r (round-trip)s 26 r (time)s 741 2149 p @beginspecial 32.000000 @llx 182.000000 @lly 560.000000 @urx 595.000000 @ury 1452.000000 @rwi 875.000000 @rhi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/n3/y1.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-1.2 %%Creator: MATLAB, The Mathworks, Inc. %%Title: y1.eps %%CreationDate: 05/21/ 1 14:32:25 %%DocumentNeededFonts: Helvetica %%DocumentProcessColors: Cyan Magenta Yellow Black %%Pages: 1 %%BoundingBox: 32 182 560 595 %%EndComments %%BeginProlog % MathWorks dictionary /MathWorks 160 dict begin % definition operators /bdef {bind def} bind def /ldef {load def} bind def /xdef {exch def} bdef /xstore {exch store} bdef % operator abbreviations /c /clip ldef /cc /concat ldef /cp /closepath ldef /gr /grestore ldef /gs /gsave ldef /mt /moveto ldef /np /newpath ldef /cm /currentmatrix ldef /sm /setmatrix ldef /rc {rectclip} bdef /rf {rectfill} bdef /rm /rmoveto ldef /rl /rlineto ldef /s /show ldef /sc {setcmykcolor} bdef /sr /setrgbcolor ldef /sg /setgray ldef /w /setlinewidth ldef /j /setlinejoin ldef /cap /setlinecap ldef % page state control /pgsv () def /bpage {/pgsv save def} bdef /epage {pgsv restore} bdef /bplot /gsave ldef /eplot {stroke grestore} bdef % orientation switch /portraitMode 0 def /landscapeMode 1 def % coordinate system mappings /dpi2point 0 def % font control /FontSize 0 def /FMS { /FontSize xstore %save size off stack findfont [FontSize 0 0 FontSize neg 0 0] makefont setfont }bdef /reencode { exch dup where {pop load} {pop StandardEncoding} ifelse exch dup 3 1 roll findfont dup length dict begin { 1 index /FID ne {def}{pop pop} ifelse } forall /Encoding exch def currentdict end definefont pop } bdef /isroman { findfont /CharStrings get /Agrave known } bdef /FMSR { 3 1 roll 1 index dup isroman {reencode} {pop pop} ifelse exch FMS } bdef /csm { 1 dpi2point div -1 dpi2point div scale neg translate landscapeMode eq {90 rotate} if } bdef % line types: solid, dotted, dashed, dotdash /SO { [] 0 setdash } bdef /DO { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DA { [6 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DD { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul 6 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef % macros for lines and objects /L { lineto stroke } bdef /MP { 3 1 roll moveto 1 sub {rlineto} repeat } bdef /AP { {rlineto} repeat } bdef /PP { closepath eofill } bdef /DP { closepath stroke } bdef /MR { 4 -2 roll moveto dup 0 exch rlineto exch 0 rlineto neg 0 exch rlineto closepath } bdef /FR { MR stroke } bdef /PR { MR fill } bdef /L1i { { currentfile picstr readhexstring pop } image } bdef /tMatrix matrix def /MakeOval { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 0 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix } bdef /FO { MakeOval stroke } bdef /PO { MakeOval fill } bdef /PD { currentlinecap 1 setlinecap 3 1 roll 2 copy moveto lineto stroke setlinecap } bdef /FA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /FAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /vradius 0 def /hradius 0 def /lry 0 def /lrx 0 def /uly 0 def /ulx 0 def /rad 0 def /MRR { /vradius xdef /hradius xdef /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx hradius add uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 180 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 270 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 0 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix ulx hradius add lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 90 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FRR { MRR stroke } bdef /PRR { MRR fill } bdef /MlrRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lry uly sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 90 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 270 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FlrRR { MlrRR stroke } bdef /PlrRR { MlrRR fill } bdef /MtbRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lrx ulx sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 180 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 0 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FtbRR { MtbRR stroke } bdef /PtbRR { MtbRR fill } bdef currentdict end def %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup MathWorks begin 0 cap end %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageBoundingBox: 32 182 560 595 MathWorks begin bpage %%EndPageSetup %%BeginObject: obj1 bplot /dpi2point 12 def portraitMode 0216 7344 csm 174 204 6334 4954 MR c np 93 dict begin %Colortable dictionary /c0 { 0 0 0 sr} bdef /c1 { 1 1 1 sr} bdef /c2 { 1 0 0 sr} bdef /c3 { 0 1 0 sr} bdef /c4 { 0 0 1 sr} bdef /c5 { 1 1 0 sr} bdef /c6 { 1 0 1 sr} bdef /c7 { 0 1 1 sr} bdef c0 1 j 1 sg 0 0 6918 5185 PR 6 w 0 4224 5360 0 0 -4224 899 4613 4 MP PP -5360 0 0 4224 5360 0 0 -4224 899 4613 5 MP stroke 4 w DO SO 6 w 0 sg 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 389 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 1928 4613 mt 1928 4559 L 1928 389 mt 1928 443 L %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helvetica /ISOLatin1Encoding 240 FMSR 1728 4871 mt (120) s 3011 4613 mt 3011 4559 L 3011 389 mt 3011 443 L 2811 4871 mt (140) s 4093 4613 mt 4093 4559 L 4093 389 mt 4093 443 L 3893 4871 mt (160) s 5176 4613 mt 5176 4559 L 5176 389 mt 5176 443 L 4976 4871 mt (180) s 6259 4613 mt 6259 4559 L 6259 389 mt 6259 443 L 6059 4871 mt (200) s 899 4613 mt 953 4613 L 6259 4613 mt 6205 4613 L 457 4702 mt (-15) s 899 3909 mt 953 3909 L 6259 3909 mt 6205 3909 L 457 3998 mt (-10) s 899 3205 mt 953 3205 L 6259 3205 mt 6205 3205 L 591 3294 mt (-5) s 899 2501 mt 953 2501 L 6259 2501 mt 6205 2501 L 731 2590 mt (0) s 899 1797 mt 953 1797 L 6259 1797 mt 6205 1797 L 731 1886 mt (5) s 899 1093 mt 953 1093 L 6259 1093 mt 6205 1093 L 598 1182 mt (10) s 899 389 mt 953 389 L 6259 389 mt 6205 389 L 598 478 mt (15) s 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 389 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np 54 81 54 -221 54 -277 55 482 54 -841 54 794 54 -295 54 202 54 -468 54 304 55 111 54 467 54 -202 54 -311 54 -74 54 115 54 -203 55 347 54 -253 54 129 54 -27 54 -32 54 -2 54 -343 55 -68 54 1030 54 -864 54 31 54 825 54 -770 54 293 55 -106 54 -28 54 -5 54 -101 54 40 54 245 54 -183 55 -133 54 37 54 -266 54 179 54 685 54 -696 54 394 55 -238 54 123 54 -414 54 787 54 -405 54 -653 54 346 54 -279 55 1047 54 -153 54 256 54 -691 54 211 54 -127 54 -9 55 -918 54 730 54 730 54 -558 54 288 54 70 54 -1572 55 655 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2509 L 1682 2459 mt 1632 2509 L 1686 2195 mt 1736 2245 L 1736 2195 mt 1686 2245 L 1740 1832 mt 1790 1882 L 1790 1832 mt 1740 1882 L 1794 1739 mt 1844 1789 L 1844 1739 mt 1794 1789 L 1849 3852 mt 1899 3902 L 1899 3852 mt 1849 3902 L 1903 2605 mt 1953 2655 L 1953 2605 mt 1903 2655 L 1957 3315 mt 2007 3365 L 2007 3315 mt 1957 3365 L 2011 2480 mt 2061 2530 L 2061 2480 mt 2011 2530 L 2065 2264 mt 2115 2314 L 2115 2264 mt 2065 2314 L 2119 2437 mt 2169 2487 L 2169 2437 mt 2119 2487 L 2173 2475 mt 2223 2525 L 2223 2475 mt 2173 2525 L 2228 1991 mt 2278 2041 L 2278 1991 mt 2228 2041 L 2282 2986 mt 2332 3036 L 2332 2986 mt 2282 3036 L 2336 1501 mt 2386 1551 L 2386 1501 mt 2336 1551 L 2390 1850 mt 2440 1900 L 2440 1850 mt 2390 1900 L 2444 2492 mt 2494 2542 L 2494 2492 mt 2444 2542 L 2498 2479 mt 2548 2529 L 2548 2479 mt 2498 2529 L 2552 3056 mt 2602 3106 L 2602 3056 mt 2552 3106 L 2607 3711 mt 2657 3761 L 2657 3711 mt 2607 3761 L 2661 2139 mt 2711 2189 L 2711 2139 mt 2661 2189 L 2715 2209 mt 2765 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2332 L 3848 2282 mt 3798 2332 L 3852 2676 mt 3902 2726 L 3902 2676 mt 3852 2726 L 3906 1980 mt 3956 2030 L 3956 1980 mt 3906 2030 L 3960 2665 mt 4010 2715 L 4010 2665 mt 3960 2715 L 4014 2844 mt 4064 2894 L 4064 2844 mt 4014 2894 L 4068 2578 mt 4118 2628 L 4118 2578 mt 4068 2628 L 4122 2615 mt 4172 2665 L 4172 2615 mt 4122 2665 L 4177 2482 mt 4227 2532 L 4227 2482 mt 4177 2532 L 4231 2299 mt 4281 2349 L 4281 2299 mt 4231 2349 L 4285 2544 mt 4335 2594 L 4335 2544 mt 4285 2594 L 4339 2584 mt 4389 2634 L 4389 2584 mt 4339 2634 L 4393 2483 mt 4443 2533 L 4443 2483 mt 4393 2533 L 4447 2478 mt 4497 2528 L 4497 2478 mt 4447 2528 L 4501 2450 mt 4551 2500 L 4551 2450 mt 4501 2500 L 4556 2344 mt 4606 2394 L 4606 2344 mt 4556 2394 L 4610 2637 mt 4660 2687 L 4660 2637 mt 4610 2687 L 4664 1867 mt 4714 1917 L 4714 1867 mt 4664 1917 L 4718 2692 mt 4768 2742 L 4768 2692 mt 4718 2742 L 4772 2723 mt 4822 2773 L 4822 2723 mt 4772 2773 L 4826 1859 mt 4876 1909 L 4876 1859 mt 4826 1909 L 4880 2889 mt 4930 2939 L 4930 2889 mt 4880 2939 L 4935 2821 mt 4985 2871 L 4985 2821 mt 4935 2871 L 4989 2478 mt 5039 2528 L 5039 2478 mt 4989 2528 L 5043 2476 mt 5093 2526 L 5093 2476 mt 5043 2526 L 5097 2444 mt 5147 2494 L 5147 2444 mt 5097 2494 L 5151 2417 mt 5201 2467 L 5201 2417 mt 5151 2467 L 5205 2546 mt 5255 2596 L 5255 2546 mt 5205 2596 L 5259 2293 mt 5309 2343 L 5309 2293 mt 5259 2343 L 5314 2640 mt 5364 2690 L 5364 2640 mt 5314 2690 L 5368 2437 mt 5418 2487 L 5418 2437 mt 5368 2487 L 5422 2552 mt 5472 2602 L 5472 2552 mt 5422 2602 L 5476 2478 mt 5526 2528 L 5526 2478 mt 5476 2528 L 5530 2167 mt 5580 2217 L 5580 2167 mt 5530 2217 L 5584 1965 mt 5634 2015 L 5634 1965 mt 5584 2015 L 5638 2432 mt 5688 2482 L 5688 2432 mt 5638 2482 L 5693 2543 mt 5743 2593 L 5743 2543 mt 5693 2593 L 5747 2847 mt 5797 2897 L 5797 2847 mt 5747 2897 L 5801 2379 mt 5851 2429 L 5851 2379 mt 5801 2429 L 5855 2581 mt 5905 2631 L 5905 2581 mt 5855 2631 L 5909 2286 mt 5959 2336 L 5959 2286 mt 5909 2336 L 5963 3080 mt 6013 3130 L 6013 3080 mt 5963 3130 L 6017 2239 mt 6067 2289 L 6067 2239 mt 6017 2289 L 6072 2721 mt 6122 2771 L 6122 2721 mt 6072 2771 L 6126 2444 mt 6176 2494 L 6176 2444 mt 6126 2494 L 6180 2223 mt 6230 2273 L 6230 2223 mt 6180 2273 L 6234 2304 mt 6284 2354 L 6284 2304 mt 6234 2354 L gr gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np gr 2621 5102 mt (sequence number) s 402 4045 mt -90 rotate (round-trip time variation [ms]) s 90 rotate end eplot %%EndObject epage end showpage %%Trailer %%EOF %%EndDocument @endspecial 798 2315 p (\(c\))s 53 r (Measured)s 53 r (round-trip)s 52 r (time)s 798 2399 p (v)s -3 r (ariation)s 2002 2149 p @beginspecial 32.000000 @llx 182.000000 @lly 560.000000 @urx 595.000000 @ury 1452.000000 @rwi 875.000000 @rhi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/n3/compare1.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-1.2 %%Creator: MATLAB, The Mathworks, Inc. %%Title: compare1.eps %%CreationDate: 05/21/ 1 14:32:27 %%DocumentNeededFonts: Helvetica %%DocumentProcessColors: Cyan Magenta Yellow Black %%Pages: 1 %%BoundingBox: 32 182 560 595 %%EndComments %%BeginProlog % MathWorks dictionary /MathWorks 160 dict begin % definition operators /bdef {bind def} bind def /ldef {load def} bind def /xdef {exch def} bdef /xstore {exch store} bdef % operator abbreviations /c /clip ldef /cc /concat ldef /cp /closepath ldef /gr /grestore ldef /gs /gsave ldef /mt /moveto ldef /np /newpath ldef /cm /currentmatrix ldef /sm /setmatrix ldef /rc {rectclip} bdef /rf {rectfill} bdef /rm /rmoveto ldef /rl /rlineto ldef /s /show ldef /sc {setcmykcolor} bdef /sr /setrgbcolor ldef /sg /setgray ldef /w /setlinewidth ldef /j /setlinejoin ldef /cap /setlinecap ldef % page state control /pgsv () def /bpage {/pgsv save def} bdef /epage {pgsv restore} bdef /bplot /gsave ldef /eplot {stroke grestore} bdef % orientation switch /portraitMode 0 def /landscapeMode 1 def % coordinate system mappings /dpi2point 0 def % font control /FontSize 0 def /FMS { /FontSize xstore %save size off stack findfont [FontSize 0 0 FontSize neg 0 0] makefont setfont }bdef /reencode { exch dup where {pop load} {pop StandardEncoding} ifelse exch dup 3 1 roll findfont dup length dict begin { 1 index /FID ne {def}{pop pop} ifelse } forall /Encoding exch def currentdict end definefont pop } bdef /isroman { findfont /CharStrings get /Agrave known } bdef /FMSR { 3 1 roll 1 index dup isroman {reencode} {pop pop} ifelse exch FMS } bdef /csm { 1 dpi2point div -1 dpi2point div scale neg translate landscapeMode eq {90 rotate} if } bdef % line types: solid, dotted, dashed, dotdash /SO { [] 0 setdash } bdef /DO { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DA { [6 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DD { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul 6 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef % macros for lines and objects /L { lineto stroke } bdef /MP { 3 1 roll moveto 1 sub {rlineto} repeat } bdef /AP { {rlineto} repeat } bdef /PP { closepath eofill } bdef /DP { closepath stroke } bdef /MR { 4 -2 roll moveto dup 0 exch rlineto exch 0 rlineto neg 0 exch rlineto closepath } bdef /FR { MR stroke } bdef /PR { MR fill } bdef /L1i { { currentfile picstr readhexstring pop } image } bdef /tMatrix matrix def /MakeOval { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 0 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix } bdef /FO { MakeOval stroke } bdef /PO { MakeOval fill } bdef /PD { currentlinecap 1 setlinecap 3 1 roll 2 copy moveto lineto stroke setlinecap } bdef /FA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /FAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /vradius 0 def /hradius 0 def /lry 0 def /lrx 0 def /uly 0 def /ulx 0 def /rad 0 def /MRR { /vradius xdef /hradius xdef /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx hradius add uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 180 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 270 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 0 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix ulx hradius add lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 90 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FRR { MRR stroke } bdef /PRR { MRR fill } bdef /MlrRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lry uly sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 90 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 270 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FlrRR { MlrRR stroke } bdef /PlrRR { MlrRR fill } bdef /MtbRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lrx ulx sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 180 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 0 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FtbRR { MtbRR stroke } bdef /PtbRR { MtbRR fill } bdef currentdict end def %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup MathWorks begin 0 cap end %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageBoundingBox: 32 182 560 595 MathWorks begin bpage %%EndPageSetup %%BeginObject: obj1 bplot /dpi2point 12 def portraitMode 0216 7344 csm 174 204 6334 4954 MR c np 93 dict begin %Colortable dictionary /c0 { 0 0 0 sr} bdef /c1 { 1 1 1 sr} bdef /c2 { 1 0 0 sr} bdef /c3 { 0 1 0 sr} bdef /c4 { 0 0 1 sr} bdef /c5 { 1 1 0 sr} bdef /c6 { 1 0 1 sr} bdef /c7 { 0 1 1 sr} bdef c0 1 j 1 sg 0 0 6918 5185 PR 6 w 0 4224 5360 0 0 -4224 899 4613 4 MP PP -5360 0 0 4224 5360 0 0 -4224 899 4613 5 MP stroke 4 w DO SO 6 w 0 sg 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 389 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 1638 4613 mt 1638 4559 L 1638 389 mt 1638 443 L %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helvetica /ISOLatin1Encoding 240 FMSR 1438 4871 mt (105) s 2562 4613 mt 2562 4559 L 2562 389 mt 2562 443 L 2362 4871 mt (110) s 3487 4613 mt 3487 4559 L 3487 389 mt 3487 443 L 3287 4871 mt (115) s 4411 4613 mt 4411 4559 L 4411 389 mt 4411 443 L 4211 4871 mt (120) s 5335 4613 mt 5335 4559 L 5335 389 mt 5335 443 L 5135 4871 mt (125) s 6259 4613 mt 6259 4559 L 6259 389 mt 6259 443 L 6059 4871 mt (130) s 899 4613 mt 953 4613 L 6259 4613 mt 6205 4613 L 457 4702 mt (-15) s 899 3909 mt 953 3909 L 6259 3909 mt 6205 3909 L 457 3998 mt (-10) s 899 3205 mt 953 3205 L 6259 3205 mt 6205 3205 L 591 3294 mt (-5) s 899 2501 mt 953 2501 L 6259 2501 mt 6205 2501 L 731 2590 mt (0) s 899 1797 mt 953 1797 L 6259 1797 mt 6205 1797 L 731 1886 mt (5) s 899 1093 mt 953 1093 L 6259 1093 mt 6205 1093 L 598 1182 mt (10) s 899 389 mt 953 389 L 6259 389 mt 6205 389 L 598 478 mt (15) s 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 389 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np 185 642 185 349 184 -1485 185 995 185 -484 185 38 185 173 185 -216 184 -835 185 710 185 -1247 185 2113 185 -93 185 -363 184 -264 185 -130 185 714 185 -458 185 -205 185 -406 184 -63 185 1045 185 -218 185 -157 185 -1 185 -206 184 65 185 -403 185 -142 899 3049 30 MP stroke gr gs 826 1453 5507 2498 MR c np 874 3024 mt 924 3074 L 924 3024 mt 874 3074 L 1059 2882 mt 1109 2932 L 1109 2882 mt 1059 2932 L 1244 2479 mt 1294 2529 L 1294 2479 mt 1244 2529 L 1428 2544 mt 1478 2594 L 1478 2544 mt 1428 2594 L 1613 2338 mt 1663 2388 L 1663 2338 mt 1613 2388 L 1798 2337 mt 1848 2387 L 1848 2337 mt 1798 2387 L 1983 2180 mt 2033 2230 L 2033 2180 mt 1983 2230 L 2168 1962 mt 2218 2012 L 2218 1962 mt 2168 2012 L 2353 3007 mt 2403 3057 L 2403 3007 mt 2353 3057 L 2537 2944 mt 2587 2994 L 2587 2944 mt 2537 2994 L 2722 2538 mt 2772 2588 L 2772 2538 mt 2722 2588 L 2907 2333 mt 2957 2383 L 2957 2333 mt 2907 2383 L 3092 1875 mt 3142 1925 L 3142 1875 mt 3092 1925 L 3277 2589 mt 3327 2639 L 3327 2589 mt 3277 2639 L 3462 2459 mt 3512 2509 L 3512 2459 mt 3462 2509 L 3646 2195 mt 3696 2245 L 3696 2195 mt 3646 2245 L 3831 1832 mt 3881 1882 L 3881 1832 mt 3831 1882 L 4016 1739 mt 4066 1789 L 4066 1739 mt 4016 1789 L 4201 3852 mt 4251 3902 L 4251 3852 mt 4201 3902 L 4386 2605 mt 4436 2655 L 4436 2605 mt 4386 2655 L 4571 3315 mt 4621 3365 L 4621 3315 mt 4571 3365 L 4755 2480 mt 4805 2530 L 4805 2480 mt 4755 2530 L 4940 2264 mt 4990 2314 L 4990 2264 mt 4940 2314 L 5125 2437 mt 5175 2487 L 5175 2437 mt 5125 2487 L 5310 2475 mt 5360 2525 L 5360 2475 mt 5310 2525 L 5495 1991 mt 5545 2041 L 5545 1991 mt 5495 2041 L 5680 2986 mt 5730 3036 L 5730 2986 mt 5680 3036 L 5864 1501 mt 5914 1551 L 5914 1501 mt 5864 1551 L 6049 1850 mt 6099 1900 L 6099 1850 mt 6049 1900 L 6234 2492 mt 6284 2542 L 6284 2492 mt 6234 2542 L gr gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np 185 229 185 -165 184 20 185 220 185 -137 185 61 185 70 185 -100 184 -415 185 558 185 -617 185 335 185 109 185 -75 184 159 185 132 185 -246 185 55 185 -86 185 -22 184 57 185 -56 185 57 185 -49 185 -20 185 25 184 -16 185 10 185 55 899 2501 30 MP stroke gr gs 826 2192 5507 807 MR c np 36 36 899 2501 FO 36 36 1084 2556 FO 36 36 1269 2566 FO 36 36 1453 2550 FO 36 36 1638 2575 FO 36 36 1823 2555 FO 36 36 2008 2506 FO 36 36 2193 2563 FO 36 36 2378 2507 FO 36 36 2562 2564 FO 36 36 2747 2542 FO 36 36 2932 2456 FO 36 36 3117 2511 FO 36 36 3302 2265 FO 36 36 3487 2397 FO 36 36 3671 2556 FO 36 36 3856 2481 FO 36 36 4041 2590 FO 36 36 4226 2925 FO 36 36 4411 2308 FO 36 36 4596 2866 FO 36 36 4780 2451 FO 36 36 4965 2351 FO 36 36 5150 2421 FO 36 36 5335 2482 FO 36 36 5520 2345 FO 36 36 5705 2565 FO 36 36 5889 2585 FO 36 36 6074 2420 FO 36 36 6259 2649 FO gr gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np gr 2621 5102 mt (sequence number) s 402 4045 mt -90 rotate (round-trip time variation [ms]) s 90 rotate 1 sg 0 597 2397 0 0 -597 3802 1046 4 MP PP -2397 0 0 597 2397 0 0 -597 3802 1046 5 MP stroke 4 w DO SO 6 w 0 sg 3802 1046 mt 6199 1046 L 3802 449 mt 6199 449 L 3802 1046 mt 3802 449 L 6199 1046 mt 6199 449 L 3802 1046 mt 6199 1046 L 3802 1046 mt 3802 449 L 3802 1046 mt 6199 1046 L 3802 449 mt 6199 449 L 3802 1046 mt 3802 449 L 6199 1046 mt 6199 449 L 4470 694 mt (measured data) s 4470 971 mt (model output ) s gs 3802 449 2398 598 MR c np 400 0 3936 613 2 MP stroke gs 4063 540 147 147 MR c np 4111 588 mt 4161 638 L 4161 588 mt 4111 638 L gr 400 0 3936 890 2 MP stroke gs 4063 817 147 147 MR c np 36 36 4136 890 FO gr gr end eplot %%EndObject epage end showpage %%Trailer %%EOF %%EndDocument @endspecial 2060 2315 p (\(d\))s 57 r (Measured)s 57 r (data)s f13 SF 58 r (y)s f10 SF 2 r (\()s f13 SF (k)s f10 SF 3 r (\))s 57 r (and)s 2060 2399 p (mo)s 2 r (del)s 25 r (output)s f13 SF 26 r (y)s f14 SF 2580 2367 p (\003)s f10 SF 2616 2399 p (\()s f13 SF (k)s f10 SF 2 r (\))s f15 SF 523 2530 p (Fig.)s 15 r (6.)s f10 SF 19 r (Results)s 19 r (in)s 19 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 18 r 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(k)s f7 SF 3 r (j)s f5 SF (\022)s f2 SF 2 r (\))s 31 r (and)s 31 r (the)s 31 r (measured)s 31 r (output)s f5 SF 30 r (y)s f2 SF 3 r (\()s f5 SF (k)s f2 SF 3 r (\))s 31 r (roughly)s 31 r (coincide)s 523 3079 p (but)s 38 r (sligh)s -1 r (tly)s 37 r (di\013er.)s 38 r (This)s 37 r (is)s 38 r (b)s 3 r (ecause)s 38 r (the)s 38 r (measured)s 37 r (round-trip)s 38 r (time)s 38 r (v)s -3 r (ariation)s 37 r (is)s 523 3170 p (disturb)s 2 r (ed)s 29 r (b)s -1 r (y)s 28 r (other)s 29 r (tra\016c,)s 29 r (whic)s -1 r (h)s 28 r (is)s 29 r (unkno)s -1 r (wn)s 28 r (so)s 29 r (that)s 29 r (not)s 29 r (included)s 29 r (in)s 29 r (the)s 29 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 523 3261 p (output)s f5 SF 28 r (y)s f6 SF 839 3231 p (\003)s f2 SF 877 3261 p (\()s f5 SF (k)s f2 SF 3 r (\).)s f18 SF 523 3491 p (Net)s -2 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 31 r (Con\014guration)s 31 r (N3)s f2 SF 523 3637 p (Results)s 35 r (in)s 34 r (the)s 35 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -3 r (ork)s 34 r (con\014guration)s f18 SF 34 r (N3)s f2 SF 35 r (for)s f5 SF 35 r (\020)s f2 SF 40 r (=)s 35 r ([8)s f5 SF (;)s f2 SF 14 r (8)s f5 SF (;)s f2 SF 14 r (1])s 34 r (are)s 35 r (sho)s -1 r (wn)s 33 r (in)s 35 r (Fig.)s 35 r (6.)s 523 3728 p (In)s 39 r (this)s 40 r (case,)s 39 r (the)s 40 r (mean)s 39 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 38 r (in)s -1 r (ter-departure)s 38 r (time)s 40 r (has)s 39 r (b)s 2 r (een)s 40 r (set)s 39 r (to)s 40 r (12.0)s 39 r (ms,)s 523 3819 p (resulting)s 41 r (the)s 41 r (a)s -1 r (v)s -2 r (erage)s 40 r (pac)s -2 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 40 r (transmission)s 41 r (rate)s 42 r (of)s 41 r (967)s 41 r (Kbps)s 41 r (and)s 41 r (the)s 41 r (a)s -1 r (v)s -2 r (erage)s 523 3911 p (round-trip)s 28 r (time)s 28 r (of)s 28 r (16.7)s 28 r (ms.)s 28 r (Figure)s 28 r (6\(c\))s 28 r (sho)s -1 r (ws)s 27 r (that)s 28 r (the)s 28 r (amplitude)s 28 r (of)s 28 r (the)s 28 r (round-)s 523 4002 p (trip)s 34 r (time)s 33 r (v)s -3 r (ariation)s 33 r (is)s 33 r (m)s -1 r (uc)s -2 r (h)s 32 r (larger)s 34 r (\(ab)s 2 r (out)s 34 r (10)s 34 r (ms\))s 34 r (than)s 33 r (the)s 34 r (previous)s 34 r (cases,)s f18 SF 33 r (N1)s f2 SF 523 4093 p (and)s f18 SF 22 r (N2)s f2 SF (.)s 22 r (Figure)s 22 r (6\(d\))s 22 r (indicates)s 22 r (that)s 21 r (the)s 22 r (round-trip)s 22 r (time)s 22 r (dynamics)s 22 r (is)s 22 r (not)s 22 r (correctly)s 523 4184 p (mo)s 2 r (deled)s 34 r (b)s -2 r (y)s 32 r (the)s 34 r (ARX)s 33 r (mo)s 2 r (del.)s 34 r (It)s 33 r (is)s 33 r (probably)s 33 r (b)s 3 r (ecause)s 33 r (the)s 33 r (transmission)s 33 r (dela)s -1 r (y)s 32 r (at)s 523 4275 p (the)s 24 r (wireless)s 24 r (link)s 24 r (is)s 24 r (signi\014can)s -1 r (tly)s 23 r (c)s -1 r (hanged,)s 23 r (resulting)s 24 r (in)s 24 r (a)s 24 r (large)s 24 r (measuremen)s -1 r (t)s 23 r (noise.)s 523 4366 p (F)s -6 r (rom)s 24 r (these)s 25 r (observ)s -3 r (ations,)s 24 r (w)s -1 r (e)s 24 r (conclude)s 25 r (that)s 25 r (the)s 25 r (round-trip)s 25 r (time)s 25 r (dynamics)s 26 r (can)s 25 r (b)s 2 r (e)s 523 4457 p (mo)s 2 r (deled)s 28 r (b)s -1 r (y)s 26 r (the)s 28 r (ARX)s 28 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 28 r (when)s 27 r (the)s 28 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -3 r (ork)s 27 r (is)s 28 r (mo)s 2 r (derately)s 28 r (congested.)s f18 SF 523 4687 p (Choice)s 32 r (of)s 32 r (Mo)s 2 r (del)s 32 r (Orders)s 32 r (and)s 32 r (Num)s -2 r (b)s 2 r (er)s 32 r (of)s 31 r (Samples)s f2 SF 523 4833 p (In)s 37 r (the)s 37 r (ab)s 3 r (o)s -2 r (v)s -2 r (e)s 36 r (results,)s 38 r (the)s 37 r (orders)s 37 r (and)s 37 r (the)s 37 r (dela)s -1 r (y)s 36 r (of)s 38 r (the)s 37 r (ARX)s 37 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 37 r (is)s 38 r (\014xed)s 37 r (at)s f5 SF 523 4924 p (\020)s f2 SF 42 r (=)s 37 r ([8)s f5 SF (;)s f2 SF 13 r (8)s f5 SF (;)s f2 SF 14 r (1].)s 36 r (In)s 35 r (general,)s 36 r (the)s 35 r (accuracy)s 36 r (of)s 35 r (the)s 36 r (ARX)s 36 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 35 r (is)s 36 r (dep)s 2 r (enden)s -1 r (t)s 34 r (on)s 36 r (the)s EP %%Page: 11 11 BP f10 SF 1202 232 p (On)s 26 r (Mo)s 2 r (deling)s 26 r (Round-T)s -6 r (rip)s 25 r (Time)s 25 r (Dynamics)s 26 r (of)s 26 r (the)s 25 r (In)s -1 r (ternet)s 198 r (11)s 653 1231 p @beginspecial 18.000000 @llx 182.000000 @lly 560.000000 @urx 595.000000 @ury 1244.000000 @rwi 1039.000000 @rhi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/n2/lossfunc-size.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-1.2 %%Creator: MATLAB, The Mathworks, Inc. %%Title: lossfunc-size.eps %%CreationDate: 05/21/ 1 14:23:16 %%DocumentNeededFonts: Helvetica %%DocumentProcessColors: Cyan Magenta Yellow Black %%Pages: 1 %%BoundingBox: 18 182 560 595 %%EndComments %%BeginProlog % MathWorks dictionary /MathWorks 160 dict begin % definition operators /bdef {bind def} bind def /ldef {load def} bind def /xdef {exch def} bdef /xstore {exch store} bdef % operator abbreviations /c /clip ldef /cc /concat ldef /cp /closepath ldef /gr /grestore ldef /gs /gsave ldef /mt /moveto ldef /np /newpath ldef /cm /currentmatrix ldef /sm /setmatrix ldef /rc {rectclip} bdef /rf {rectfill} bdef /rm /rmoveto ldef /rl /rlineto ldef /s /show ldef /sc {setcmykcolor} bdef /sr /setrgbcolor ldef /sg /setgray ldef /w /setlinewidth ldef /j /setlinejoin ldef /cap /setlinecap ldef % page state control /pgsv () def /bpage {/pgsv save def} bdef /epage {pgsv restore} bdef /bplot /gsave ldef /eplot {stroke grestore} bdef % orientation switch /portraitMode 0 def /landscapeMode 1 def % coordinate system mappings /dpi2point 0 def % font control /FontSize 0 def /FMS { /FontSize xstore %save size off stack findfont [FontSize 0 0 FontSize neg 0 0] makefont setfont }bdef /reencode { exch dup where {pop load} {pop StandardEncoding} ifelse exch dup 3 1 roll findfont dup length dict begin { 1 index /FID ne {def}{pop pop} ifelse } forall /Encoding exch def currentdict end definefont pop } bdef /isroman { findfont /CharStrings get /Agrave known } bdef /FMSR { 3 1 roll 1 index dup isroman {reencode} {pop pop} ifelse exch FMS } bdef /csm { 1 dpi2point div -1 dpi2point div scale neg translate landscapeMode eq {90 rotate} if } bdef % line types: solid, dotted, dashed, dotdash /SO { [] 0 setdash } bdef /DO { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DA { [6 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DD { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul 6 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef % macros for lines and objects /L { lineto stroke } bdef /MP { 3 1 roll moveto 1 sub {rlineto} repeat } bdef /AP { {rlineto} repeat } bdef /PP { closepath eofill } bdef /DP { closepath stroke } bdef /MR { 4 -2 roll moveto dup 0 exch rlineto exch 0 rlineto neg 0 exch rlineto closepath } bdef /FR { MR stroke } bdef /PR { MR fill } bdef /L1i { { currentfile picstr readhexstring pop } image } bdef /tMatrix matrix def /MakeOval { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 0 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix } bdef /FO { MakeOval stroke } bdef /PO { MakeOval fill } bdef /PD { currentlinecap 1 setlinecap 3 1 roll 2 copy moveto lineto stroke setlinecap } bdef /FA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /FAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /vradius 0 def /hradius 0 def /lry 0 def /lrx 0 def /uly 0 def /ulx 0 def /rad 0 def /MRR { /vradius xdef /hradius xdef /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx hradius add uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 180 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 270 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 0 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix ulx hradius add lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 90 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FRR { MRR stroke } bdef /PRR { MRR fill } bdef /MlrRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lry uly sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 90 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 270 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FlrRR { MlrRR stroke } bdef /PlrRR { MlrRR fill } bdef /MtbRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lrx ulx sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 180 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 0 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FtbRR { MtbRR stroke } bdef /PtbRR { MtbRR fill } bdef currentdict end def %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup MathWorks begin 0 cap end %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageBoundingBox: 18 182 560 595 MathWorks begin bpage %%EndPageSetup %%BeginObject: obj1 bplot /dpi2point 12 def portraitMode 0216 7344 csm 0 204 6508 4954 MR c np 93 dict begin %Colortable dictionary /c0 { 0 0 0 sr} bdef /c1 { 1 1 1 sr} bdef /c2 { 1 0 0 sr} bdef /c3 { 0 1 0 sr} bdef /c4 { 0 0 1 sr} bdef /c5 { 1 1 0 sr} bdef /c6 { 1 0 1 sr} bdef /c7 { 0 1 1 sr} bdef c0 1 j 1 sg 0 0 6918 5185 PR 6 w 0 4224 5360 0 0 -4224 899 4613 4 MP PP -5360 0 0 4224 5360 0 0 -4224 899 4613 5 MP stroke 4 w DO SO 6 w 0 sg 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 389 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 4559 L 899 389 mt 899 443 L %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helvetica /ISOLatin1Encoding 240 FMSR 766 4871 mt (40) s 1792 4613 mt 1792 4559 L 1792 389 mt 1792 443 L 1659 4871 mt (50) s 2686 4613 mt 2686 4559 L 2686 389 mt 2686 443 L 2553 4871 mt (60) s 3579 4613 mt 3579 4559 L 3579 389 mt 3579 443 L 3446 4871 mt (70) s 4472 4613 mt 4472 4559 L 4472 389 mt 4472 443 L 4339 4871 mt (80) s 5366 4613 mt 5366 4559 L 5366 389 mt 5366 443 L 5233 4871 mt (90) s 6259 4613 mt 6259 4559 L 6259 389 mt 6259 443 L 6059 4871 mt (100) s 899 4613 mt 953 4613 L 6259 4613 mt 6205 4613 L 397 4702 mt (0.04) s 899 4010 mt 953 4010 L 6259 4010 mt 6205 4010 L 264 4099 mt (0.045) s 899 3406 mt 953 3406 L 6259 3406 mt 6205 3406 L 397 3495 mt (0.05) s 899 2803 mt 953 2803 L 6259 2803 mt 6205 2803 L 264 2892 mt (0.055) s 899 2199 mt 953 2199 L 6259 2199 mt 6205 2199 L 397 2288 mt (0.06) s 899 1596 mt 953 1596 L 6259 1596 mt 6205 1596 L 264 1685 mt (0.065) s 899 992 mt 953 992 L 6259 992 mt 6205 992 L 397 1081 mt (0.07) s 899 389 mt 953 389 L 6259 389 mt 6205 389 L 264 478 mt (0.075) s 899 4613 mt 6259 4613 L 899 389 mt 6259 389 L 899 4613 mt 899 389 L 6259 4613 mt 6259 389 L gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np 179 178 178 -51 179 174 179 -42 178 -26 179 -40 179 34 178 -49 179 -71 179 6 178 -28 179 -157 179 -125 178 -171 179 305 179 289 178 -320 179 -116 179 69 178 -23 179 -88 179 165 178 -33 179 896 179 60 178 696 179 244 179 -411 178 -140 179 1704 899 1304 31 MP stroke gr gs 826 1231 5507 3444 MR c np 874 1279 mt 924 1329 L 924 1279 mt 874 1329 L 1053 2983 mt 1103 3033 L 1103 2983 mt 1053 3033 L 1231 2843 mt 1281 2893 L 1281 2843 mt 1231 2893 L 1410 2432 mt 1460 2482 L 1460 2432 mt 1410 2482 L 1589 2676 mt 1639 2726 L 1639 2676 mt 1589 2726 L 1767 3372 mt 1817 3422 L 1817 3372 mt 1767 3422 L 1946 3432 mt 1996 3482 L 1996 3432 mt 1946 3482 L 2125 4328 mt 2175 4378 L 2175 4328 mt 2125 4378 L 2303 4295 mt 2353 4345 L 2353 4295 mt 2303 4345 L 2482 4460 mt 2532 4510 L 2532 4460 mt 2482 4510 L 2661 4372 mt 2711 4422 L 2711 4372 mt 2661 4422 L 2839 4349 mt 2889 4399 L 2889 4349 mt 2839 4399 L 3018 4418 mt 3068 4468 L 3068 4418 mt 3018 4468 L 3197 4302 mt 3247 4352 L 3247 4302 mt 3197 4352 L 3375 3982 mt 3425 4032 L 3425 3982 mt 3375 4032 L 3554 4271 mt 3604 4321 L 3604 4271 mt 3554 4321 L 3733 4576 mt 3783 4626 L 3783 4576 mt 3733 4626 L 3911 4405 mt 3961 4455 L 3961 4405 mt 3911 4455 L 4090 4280 mt 4140 4330 L 4140 4280 mt 4090 4330 L 4269 4123 mt 4319 4173 L 4319 4123 mt 4269 4173 L 4447 4095 mt 4497 4145 L 4497 4095 mt 4447 4145 L 4626 4101 mt 4676 4151 L 4676 4101 mt 4626 4151 L 4805 4030 mt 4855 4080 L 4855 4030 mt 4805 4080 L 4983 3981 mt 5033 4031 L 5033 3981 mt 4983 4031 L 5162 4015 mt 5212 4065 L 5212 4015 mt 5162 4065 L 5341 3975 mt 5391 4025 L 5391 3975 mt 5341 4025 L 5519 3949 mt 5569 3999 L 5569 3949 mt 5519 3999 L 5698 3907 mt 5748 3957 L 5748 3907 mt 5698 3957 L 5877 4081 mt 5927 4131 L 5927 4081 mt 5877 4131 L 6055 4030 mt 6105 4080 L 6105 4030 mt 6055 4080 L 6234 4208 mt 6284 4258 L 6284 4208 mt 6234 4258 L gr gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np gr 2562 5102 mt (number of samples) s 209 3167 mt -90 rotate (loss function) s 90 rotate end eplot %%EndObject epage end showpage %%Trailer %%EOF %%EndDocument @endspecial f15 SF 523 1481 p (Fig.)s 15 r (7.)s f10 SF 29 r (Relation)s 28 r (b)s 3 r (et)s -2 r (w)s -2 r (een)s 28 r (loss)s 29 r (function)s 523 1565 p (and)s 26 r (the)s 25 r (n)s -1 r (um)s -2 r (b)s 1 r (er)s 26 r (of)s 25 r (samples)s 2238 1231 p @beginspecial 18.000000 @llx 180.000000 @lly 577.000000 @urx 595.000000 @ury 1244.000000 @rwi 1039.000000 @rhi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/n2/lossfunc.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-1.2 %%Creator: MATLAB, The Mathworks, Inc. %%Title: lossfunc.eps %%CreationDate: 05/21/ 1 14:23:14 %%DocumentNeededFonts: Helvetica %%DocumentProcessColors: Cyan Magenta Yellow Black %%Pages: 1 %%BoundingBox: 18 180 577 595 %%EndComments %%BeginProlog % MathWorks dictionary /MathWorks 160 dict begin % definition operators /bdef {bind def} bind def /ldef {load def} bind def /xdef {exch def} bdef /xstore {exch store} bdef % operator abbreviations /c /clip ldef /cc /concat ldef /cp /closepath ldef /gr /grestore ldef /gs /gsave ldef /mt /moveto ldef /np /newpath ldef /cm /currentmatrix ldef /sm /setmatrix ldef /rc {rectclip} bdef /rf {rectfill} bdef /rm /rmoveto ldef /rl /rlineto ldef /s /show ldef /sc {setcmykcolor} bdef /sr /setrgbcolor ldef /sg /setgray ldef /w /setlinewidth ldef /j /setlinejoin ldef /cap /setlinecap ldef % page state control /pgsv () def /bpage {/pgsv save def} bdef /epage {pgsv restore} bdef /bplot /gsave ldef /eplot {stroke grestore} bdef % orientation switch /portraitMode 0 def /landscapeMode 1 def % coordinate system mappings /dpi2point 0 def % font control /FontSize 0 def /FMS { /FontSize xstore %save size off stack findfont [FontSize 0 0 FontSize neg 0 0] makefont setfont }bdef /reencode { exch dup where {pop load} {pop StandardEncoding} ifelse exch dup 3 1 roll findfont dup length dict begin { 1 index /FID ne {def}{pop pop} ifelse } forall /Encoding exch def currentdict end definefont pop } bdef /isroman { findfont /CharStrings get /Agrave known } bdef /FMSR { 3 1 roll 1 index dup isroman {reencode} {pop pop} ifelse exch FMS } bdef /csm { 1 dpi2point div -1 dpi2point div scale neg translate landscapeMode eq {90 rotate} if } bdef % line types: solid, dotted, dashed, dotdash /SO { [] 0 setdash } bdef /DO { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DA { [6 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef /DD { [.5 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul 6 dpi2point mul 4 dpi2point mul] 0 setdash } bdef % macros for lines and objects /L { lineto stroke } bdef /MP { 3 1 roll moveto 1 sub {rlineto} repeat } bdef /AP { {rlineto} repeat } bdef /PP { closepath eofill } bdef /DP { closepath stroke } bdef /MR { 4 -2 roll moveto dup 0 exch rlineto exch 0 rlineto neg 0 exch rlineto closepath } bdef /FR { MR stroke } bdef /PR { MR fill } bdef /L1i { { currentfile picstr readhexstring pop } image } bdef /tMatrix matrix def /MakeOval { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 0 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix } bdef /FO { MakeOval stroke } bdef /PO { MakeOval fill } bdef /PD { currentlinecap 1 setlinecap 3 1 roll 2 copy moveto lineto stroke setlinecap } bdef /FA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PA { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arc closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /FAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn tMatrix setmatrix stroke } bdef /PAn { newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop translate 0 0 moveto scale 0 0 1 5 -2 roll arcn closepath tMatrix setmatrix fill } bdef /vradius 0 def /hradius 0 def /lry 0 def /lrx 0 def /uly 0 def /ulx 0 def /rad 0 def /MRR { /vradius xdef /hradius xdef /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx hradius add uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 180 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub uly vradius add translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 270 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx hradius sub lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 0 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix ulx hradius add lry vradius sub translate hradius vradius scale 0 0 1 90 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FRR { MRR stroke } bdef /PRR { MRR fill } bdef /MlrRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lry uly sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 90 270 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 270 90 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FlrRR { MlrRR stroke } bdef /PlrRR { MlrRR fill } bdef /MtbRR { /lry xdef /lrx xdef /uly xdef /ulx xdef /rad lrx ulx sub 2 div def newpath tMatrix currentmatrix pop ulx rad add uly rad add translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 180 360 arc tMatrix setmatrix lrx rad sub lry rad sub translate rad rad scale 0 0 1 0 180 arc tMatrix setmatrix closepath } bdef /FtbRR { MtbRR stroke } bdef /PtbRR { MtbRR fill } bdef currentdict end def %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup MathWorks begin 0 cap end %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup %%PageBoundingBox: 18 180 577 595 MathWorks begin bpage %%EndPageSetup %%BeginObject: obj1 bplot /dpi2point 12 def portraitMode 0216 7344 csm 9 204 6705 4980 MR c np 93 dict begin %Colortable dictionary /c0 { 0 0 0 sr} bdef /c1 { 1 1 1 sr} bdef /c2 { 1 0 0 sr} bdef /c3 { 0 1 0 sr} bdef /c4 { 0 0 1 sr} bdef /c5 { 1 1 0 sr} bdef /c6 { 1 0 1 sr} bdef /c7 { 0 1 1 sr} bdef c0 1 j 1 sg 0 0 6918 5185 PR 6 w -1133 1688 4227 453 1133 -1689 899 4161 4 MP PP -4227 -452 -1133 1688 4227 453 1133 -1689 899 4161 5 MP stroke 0 2083 1133 -1688 0 -2084 899 4161 4 MP PP -1133 1689 0 2083 1133 -1688 0 -2084 899 4161 5 MP stroke 0 2084 4227 452 0 -2083 2032 2472 4 MP PP -4227 -453 0 2084 4227 452 0 -2083 2032 2472 5 MP stroke 4 w DO 0 sg 899 4161 mt 2032 2472 L 2032 2472 mt 2032 389 L 1956 4274 mt 3089 2585 L 3089 2585 mt 3089 502 L 3013 4387 mt 4145 2698 L 4145 2698 mt 4145 615 L 4069 4500 mt 5202 2811 L 5202 2811 mt 5202 728 L 5126 4613 mt 6259 2925 L 6259 2925 mt 6259 841 L 5126 4613 mt 899 4161 L 899 4161 mt 899 2077 L 5693 3769 mt 1465 3316 L 1465 3316 mt 1465 1233 L 6259 2925 mt 2032 2472 L 2032 2472 mt 2032 389 L 899 4161 mt 2032 2472 L 2032 2472 mt 6259 2925 L 899 3466 mt 2032 1778 L 2032 1778 mt 6259 2230 L 899 2772 mt 2032 1083 L 2032 1083 mt 6259 1536 L 899 2077 mt 2032 389 L 2032 389 mt 6259 841 L SO 6 w 899 4161 mt 5126 4613 L 5126 4613 mt 6259 2925 L 899 4161 mt 899 2077 L 899 4161 mt 840 4249 L %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helvetica /ISOLatin1Encoding 240 FMSR 688 4501 mt (0) s 1956 4274 mt 1897 4362 L 1744 4614 mt (5) s 3013 4387 mt 2953 4475 L 2668 4727 mt (10) s 4069 4500 mt 4010 4588 L 3725 4840 mt (15) s 5126 4613 mt 5067 4701 L 4782 4953 mt (20) s 5126 4613 mt 5232 4624 L 5266 4851 mt (0) s 5693 3769 mt 5798 3780 L 5833 4007 mt (10) s 6259 2925 mt 6365 2936 L 6399 3163 mt (20) s 899 4161 mt 793 4149 L 292 4235 mt (0.02) s 899 3466 mt 793 3455 L 292 3540 mt (0.04) s 899 2772 mt 793 2761 L 292 2846 mt (0.06) s 899 2077 mt 793 2066 L 292 2151 mt (0.08) s gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np 0.961406 sg 57 -218 211 66 5991 1366 3 MP PP 211 32 57 -184 5991 1366 3 MP PP 0.901491 sg 56 -162 212 27 5934 1567 3 MP PP 211 66 57 -201 5934 1567 3 MP PP 57 -90 211 38 5878 1646 3 MP PP 212 27 56 -79 5878 1646 3 MP PP 0.880923 sg 57 -115 211 20 5821 1779 3 MP PP 211 38 57 -133 5821 1779 3 MP PP 0.98083 sg 57 -184 211 83 5780 1283 3 MP PP 212 26 56 -127 5780 1283 3 MP PP 0.901491 sg 56 -47 212 19 5764 1827 3 MP PP 211 20 57 -48 5764 1827 3 MP PP gr 0.901491 sg 0 sg 6027 4727 mt (n) s %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helvetica /ISOLatin1Encoding 192 FMSR 6160 4847 mt (b) s gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np 0.901491 sg 57 -201 211 12 5723 1555 3 MP PP 211 83 57 -272 5723 1555 3 MP PP 57 -75 211 21 5708 1900 3 MP PP 212 19 56 -73 5708 1900 3 MP PP 56 -79 212 9 5666 1637 3 MP PP 211 12 57 -82 5666 1637 3 MP PP 0.870518 sg 56 -164 212 23 5651 2062 3 MP PP 211 21 57 -162 5651 2062 3 MP PP 0.860029 sg 57 -133 211 -27 5610 1806 3 MP PP 212 9 56 -169 5610 1806 3 MP PP 0.828038 sg 57 -164 211 17 5595 2232 3 MP PP 212 23 56 -170 5595 2232 3 MP PP 0.98083 sg 56 -127 212 6 5568 1277 3 MP PP 211 -12 57 -109 5568 1277 3 MP PP 0.891246 sg 57 -48 211 7 5553 1820 3 MP PP 211 -27 57 -14 5553 1820 3 MP PP 0.849455 sg 57 -58 211 40 5538 2267 3 MP PP 211 17 57 -35 5538 2267 3 MP PP 0.901491 sg 57 -272 211 21 5512 1534 3 MP PP 212 6 56 -257 5512 1534 3 MP PP 0.891246 sg 56 -73 212 4 5496 1896 3 MP PP 211 7 57 -76 5496 1896 3 MP PP 0.806245 sg 56 -175 212 50 5481 2432 3 MP PP 211 40 57 -165 5481 2432 3 MP PP 0.901491 sg 57 -82 211 21 5455 1616 3 MP PP 211 21 57 -82 5455 1616 3 MP PP 0.828038 sg 57 -162 211 -60 5440 2122 3 MP PP 212 4 56 -226 5440 2122 3 MP PP 0.81719 sg 57 -82 211 55 5425 2509 3 MP PP 212 50 56 -77 5425 2509 3 MP PP 0.849455 sg 56 -169 212 -4 5398 1810 3 MP PP 211 21 57 -194 5398 1810 3 MP PP 0.784053 sg 56 -170 212 -59 5383 2291 3 MP PP 211 -60 57 -169 5383 2291 3 MP PP 0.828038 sg 57 -52 211 48 5368 2568 3 MP PP 211 55 57 -59 5368 2568 3 MP PP 0.961406 sg 57 -109 211 -12 5357 1289 3 MP PP 211 -24 57 -97 5357 1289 3 MP PP 0.880923 sg 57 -14 211 1 5342 1819 3 MP PP 212 -4 56 -9 5342 1819 3 MP PP 0.795201 sg 57 -35 211 -76 5327 2343 3 MP PP 212 -59 56 -52 5327 2343 3 MP PP 0.838792 sg 56 -39 212 32 5311 2623 3 MP PP 211 48 57 -55 5311 2623 3 MP PP 0.880923 sg 56 -257 212 -16 5300 1550 3 MP PP 211 -12 57 -261 5300 1550 3 MP PP 0.891246 sg 57 -76 211 21 5285 1875 3 MP PP 211 1 57 -56 5285 1875 3 MP PP 0.749954 sg 57 -165 211 -85 5270 2517 3 MP PP 211 -76 57 -174 5270 2517 3 MP PP 0.828038 sg 57 -124 211 50 5255 2729 3 MP PP 212 32 56 -106 5255 2729 3 MP PP 0.880923 sg 57 -82 211 -22 5244 1638 3 MP PP 212 -16 56 -88 5244 1638 3 MP PP 0.81719 sg 56 -226 212 12 5228 2110 3 MP PP 211 21 57 -235 5228 2110 3 MP PP 0.749954 sg 56 -77 212 -88 5213 2597 3 MP PP 211 -85 57 -80 5213 2597 3 MP PP 0.838792 sg 57 -54 211 41 5198 2792 3 MP PP 211 50 57 -63 5198 2792 3 MP PP 0.849455 sg 57 -194 211 28 5187 1782 3 MP PP 211 -22 57 -144 5187 1782 3 MP PP 0.749954 sg 57 -169 211 -41 5172 2332 3 MP PP 212 12 56 -222 5172 2332 3 MP PP 57 -59 211 -122 5157 2690 3 MP PP 212 -88 56 -93 5157 2690 3 MP PP 0.961406 sg 57 -97 211 13 5146 1276 3 MP PP 212 17 56 -101 5146 1276 3 MP PP 0.738356 sg 56 -287 212 43 5141 3077 3 MP PP 211 41 57 -285 5141 3077 3 MP PP 0.880923 sg 56 -9 212 11 5130 1808 3 MP PP 211 28 57 -26 5130 1808 3 MP PP 0.761433 sg 56 -52 212 -41 5115 2384 3 MP PP 211 -41 57 -52 5115 2384 3 MP PP 57 -55 211 -138 5100 2761 3 MP PP 211 -122 57 -71 5100 2761 3 MP PP 0.870518 sg 57 -261 211 0 5089 1550 3 MP PP 211 13 57 -274 5089 1550 3 MP PP 0.666018 sg 57 -207 211 43 5085 3284 3 MP PP 212 43 56 -207 5085 3284 3 MP PP 0.891246 sg 57 -56 211 7 5074 1868 3 MP PP 212 11 56 -60 5074 1868 3 MP PP 0.714788 sg 57 -174 211 -44 5059 2561 3 MP PP 212 -41 56 -177 5059 2561 3 MP PP 0.738356 sg 56 -106 212 -148 5043 2877 3 MP PP 211 -138 57 -116 5043 2877 3 MP PP 0.870518 sg 56 -88 212 2 5032 1636 3 MP PP 211 0 57 -86 5032 1636 3 MP PP 0.60147 sg 56 -197 212 41 5028 3483 3 MP PP 211 43 57 -199 5028 3483 3 MP PP 0.806245 sg 57 -235 211 -12 5017 2122 3 MP PP 211 7 57 -254 5017 2122 3 MP PP 0.726636 sg 57 -80 211 -30 5002 2627 3 MP PP 211 -44 57 -66 5002 2627 3 MP PP 0.761433 sg 57 -63 211 -130 4987 2922 3 MP PP 212 -148 56 -45 4987 2922 3 MP PP 0.849455 sg 57 -144 211 28 4976 1754 3 MP PP 212 2 56 -118 4976 1754 3 MP PP 0.574328 sg 57 -111 211 41 4972 3594 3 MP PP 212 41 56 -111 4972 3594 3 MP PP 0.738356 sg 56 -222 212 -1 4960 2333 3 MP PP 211 -12 57 -211 4960 2333 3 MP PP 0.702808 sg 56 -93 212 -53 4945 2743 3 MP PP 211 -30 57 -116 4945 2743 3 MP PP 0.961406 sg 56 -101 212 26 4934 1250 3 MP PP 211 32 57 -107 4934 1250 3 MP PP 0.702808 sg 57 -285 211 -45 4930 3122 3 MP PP 211 -130 57 -200 4930 3122 3 MP PP 0.870518 sg 57 -26 211 13 4919 1795 3 MP PP 211 28 57 -41 4919 1795 3 MP PP 0.749954 sg 57 -52 211 -16 4904 2400 3 MP PP 212 -1 56 -67 4904 2400 3 MP PP 0.69069 sg 57 -71 211 -95 4889 2856 3 MP PP 212 -53 56 -113 4889 2856 3 MP PP 0.860029 sg 57 -274 211 7 4878 1543 3 MP PP 212 26 56 -293 4878 1543 3 MP PP 0.627819 sg 56 -207 212 -38 4873 3322 3 MP PP 211 -45 57 -200 4873 3322 3 MP PP 0.891246 sg 56 -60 212 27 4862 1841 3 MP PP 211 13 57 -46 4862 1841 3 MP PP 0.69069 sg 56 -177 212 -26 4847 2587 3 MP PP 211 -16 57 -187 4847 2587 3 MP PP 0.65345 sg 57 -116 211 -137 4832 3014 3 MP PP 211 -95 57 -158 4832 3014 3 MP PP 0.860029 sg 57 -86 211 5 4821 1631 3 MP PP 211 7 57 -88 4821 1631 3 MP PP 0.588003 sg 57 -199 211 10 4817 3473 3 MP PP 212 -38 56 -151 4817 3473 3 MP PP 0.806245 sg 57 -254 211 27 4806 2095 3 MP PP 212 27 56 -254 4806 2095 3 MP PP 0.702808 sg 57 -66 211 -28 4791 2655 3 MP PP 212 -26 56 -68 4791 2655 3 MP PP 0.666018 sg 56 -45 212 -142 4775 3064 3 MP PP 211 -137 57 -50 4775 3064 3 MP PP 0.838792 sg 56 -118 212 5 4764 1749 3 MP PP 211 5 57 -118 4764 1749 3 MP PP 0.502358 sg 56 -111 212 -84 4760 3678 3 MP PP 211 10 57 -205 4760 3678 3 MP PP 0.738356 sg 57 -211 211 23 4749 2310 3 MP PP 211 27 57 -215 4749 2310 3 MP PP 0.678428 sg 57 -116 211 -27 4734 2770 3 MP PP 211 -28 57 -115 4734 2770 3 MP PP 0.97115 sg 57 -107 211 45 4723 1205 3 MP PP 212 88 56 -150 4723 1205 3 MP PP 0.627819 sg 57 -200 211 -90 4719 3212 3 MP PP 212 -142 56 -148 4719 3212 3 MP PP 0.860029 sg 57 -41 211 2 4708 1793 3 MP PP 212 5 56 -44 4708 1793 3 MP PP 0.749954 sg 56 -67 212 22 4692 2378 3 MP PP 211 23 57 -68 4692 2378 3 MP PP 0.678428 sg 56 -113 212 -10 4677 2866 3 MP PP 211 -27 57 -96 4677 2866 3 MP PP 0.860029 sg 56 -293 212 22 4666 1521 3 MP PP 211 45 57 -316 4666 1521 3 MP PP 0.588003 sg 57 -200 211 -46 4662 3368 3 MP PP 211 -90 57 -156 4662 3368 3 MP PP 0.891246 sg 57 -46 211 29 4651 1812 3 MP PP 211 2 57 -19 4651 1812 3 MP PP 0.69069 sg 57 -187 211 26 4636 2561 3 MP PP 212 22 56 -183 4636 2561 3 MP PP 0.64072 sg 57 -158 211 18 4621 2996 3 MP PP 212 -10 56 -130 4621 2996 3 MP PP 0.849455 sg 57 -88 211 3 4610 1628 3 MP PP 212 22 56 -107 4610 1628 3 MP PP 0.546301 sg 56 -151 212 -46 4605 3519 3 MP PP 211 -46 57 -151 4605 3519 3 MP PP 0.81719 sg 56 -254 212 36 4594 2059 3 MP PP 211 29 57 -247 4594 2059 3 MP PP 0.702808 sg 56 -68 212 26 4579 2629 3 MP PP 211 26 57 -68 4579 2629 3 MP PP 0.666018 sg 57 -50 211 18 4564 3046 3 MP PP 211 18 57 -50 4564 3046 3 MP PP 0.81719 sg 57 -118 211 -19 4553 1768 3 MP PP 211 3 57 -140 4553 1768 3 MP PP 0.455685 sg 57 -205 211 -45 4549 3723 3 MP PP 212 -46 56 -204 4549 3723 3 MP PP 0.738356 sg 57 -215 211 25 4538 2285 3 MP PP 212 36 56 -226 4538 2285 3 MP PP 0.678428 sg 57 -115 211 25 4523 2745 3 MP PP 212 26 56 -116 4523 2745 3 MP PP 0.951596 sg 56 -150 212 -24 4511 1229 3 MP PP 211 -65 57 -109 4511 1229 3 MP PP 0.627819 sg 56 -148 212 25 4507 3187 3 MP PP 211 18 57 -141 4507 3187 3 MP PP 0.828038 sg 56 -44 212 -36 4496 1829 3 MP PP 211 -19 57 -61 4496 1829 3 MP PP 0.761433 sg 57 -68 211 44 4481 2334 3 MP PP 211 25 57 -49 4481 2334 3 MP PP 0.678428 sg 57 -96 211 22 4466 2844 3 MP PP 211 25 57 -99 4466 2844 3 MP PP 0.849455 sg 57 -316 211 -8 4455 1529 3 MP PP 212 -24 56 -300 4455 1529 3 MP PP 0.574328 sg 57 -156 211 9 4451 3359 3 MP PP 212 25 56 -172 4451 3359 3 MP PP 0.849455 sg 57 -19 211 -66 4440 1878 3 MP PP 212 -36 56 -49 4440 1878 3 MP PP 0.702808 sg 56 -183 212 45 4424 2516 3 MP PP 211 44 57 -182 4424 2516 3 MP PP 0.64072 sg 56 -130 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PP 0.860029 sg 56 -95 212 24 3975 1546 3 MP PP 211 22 57 -93 3975 1546 3 MP PP 0.487133 sg 56 -202 212 32 3971 3531 3 MP PP 211 31 57 -201 3971 3531 3 MP PP 0.870518 sg 56 -108 212 61 3960 1879 3 MP PP 211 57 57 -104 3960 1879 3 MP PP 0.678428 sg 57 -56 211 -97 3945 2602 3 MP PP 211 -120 57 -33 3945 2602 3 MP PP 0.69069 sg 57 -54 211 68 3930 2941 3 MP PP 211 54 57 -40 3930 2941 3 MP PP 0.828038 sg 57 -120 211 3 3919 1687 3 MP PP 212 24 56 -141 3919 1687 3 MP PP 0.387937 sg 57 -212 211 28 3915 3747 3 MP PP 212 32 56 -216 3915 3747 3 MP PP 0.714788 sg 57 -374 211 47 3904 2267 3 MP PP 212 61 56 -388 3904 2267 3 MP PP 0.64072 sg 56 -136 212 -107 3888 2748 3 MP PP 211 -97 57 -146 3888 2748 3 MP PP 0.941717 sg 56 -87 212 1 3877 1170 3 MP PP 211 -12 57 -74 3877 1170 3 MP PP 0.65345 sg 56 -141 212 70 3873 3080 3 MP PP 211 68 57 -139 3873 3080 3 MP PP 0.838792 sg 56 -61 212 6 3862 1745 3 MP PP 211 3 57 -58 3862 1745 3 MP PP 0.714788 sg 57 -43 211 26 3847 2331 3 MP PP 211 47 57 -64 3847 2331 3 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3703 3711 3 MP PP 0.69069 sg 56 -388 212 -11 3692 2278 3 MP PP 211 7 57 -406 3692 2278 3 MP PP 0.64072 sg 57 -146 211 32 3677 2716 3 MP PP 211 39 57 -153 3677 2716 3 MP PP 0.951596 sg 57 -74 211 41 3666 1129 3 MP PP 211 52 57 -85 3666 1129 3 MP PP 0.546301 sg 57 -139 211 -160 3662 3240 3 MP PP 211 -134 57 -165 3662 3240 3 MP PP 0.838792 sg 57 -58 211 24 3651 1721 3 MP PP 212 22 56 -56 3651 1721 3 MP PP 0.69069 sg 57 -64 211 -22 3636 2353 3 MP PP 212 -11 56 -75 3636 2353 3 MP PP 0.60147 sg 56 -151 212 31 3620 2868 3 MP PP 211 32 57 -152 3620 2868 3 MP PP 0.860029 sg 56 -261 212 31 3609 1400 3 MP PP 211 41 57 -271 3609 1400 3 MP PP 0.487133 sg 56 -176 212 -145 3605 3401 3 MP PP 211 -160 57 -161 3605 3401 3 MP PP 0.880923 sg 56 -8 212 25 3594 1728 3 MP PP 211 24 57 -7 3594 1728 3 MP PP 0.666018 sg 57 -210 211 50 3579 2491 3 MP PP 211 -22 57 -138 3579 2491 3 MP PP 0.560431 sg 57 -137 211 11 3564 3025 3 MP PP 212 31 56 -157 3564 3025 3 MP PP 0.860029 sg 57 -94 211 23 3553 1502 3 MP PP 212 31 56 -102 3553 1502 3 MP PP 0.439408 sg 57 -211 211 -77 3549 3544 3 MP PP 212 -145 56 -143 3549 3544 3 MP PP 0.860029 sg 57 -119 211 27 3538 1845 3 MP PP 212 25 56 -117 3538 1845 3 MP PP 0.69069 sg 56 -22 212 26 3522 2537 3 MP PP 211 50 57 -46 3522 2537 3 MP PP 0.588003 sg 56 -39 212 14 3507 3061 3 MP PP 211 11 57 -36 3507 3061 3 MP PP gr 0.588003 sg 0 sg %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helvetica /ISOLatin1Encoding 240 FMSR 3535 5189 mt (n) s %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helvetica /ISOLatin1Encoding 192 FMSR 3668 5309 mt (a) s gs 899 389 5361 4225 MR c np 0.828038 sg 57 -140 211 21 3496 1644 3 MP PP 211 23 57 -142 3496 1644 3 MP PP 0.369747 sg 57 -244 211 0 3492 3711 3 MP PP 211 -77 57 -167 3492 3711 3 MP PP 0.69069 sg 57 -406 211 31 3481 2247 3 MP PP 211 27 57 -402 3481 2247 3 MP PP 0.64072 sg 57 -153 211 21 3466 2695 3 MP PP 212 26 56 -158 3466 2695 3 MP PP 0.951596 sg 57 -85 211 23 3455 1106 3 MP PP 212 23 56 -85 3455 1106 3 MP PP 0.517282 sg 57 -165 211 -3 3451 3243 3 MP 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PP 212 25 56 -92 2017 1536 3 MP PP 0.331433 sg 56 -182 212 58 2012 3608 3 MP PP 211 65 57 -189 2012 3608 3 MP PP 0.726636 sg 56 -308 212 202 2001 2034 3 MP PP 211 230 57 -336 2001 2034 3 MP PP 0.574328 sg 56 -164 212 -98 1986 2653 3 MP PP 211 -99 57 -163 1986 2653 3 MP PP 0.517282 sg 57 -148 211 7 1971 3083 3 MP PP 211 24 57 -165 1971 3083 3 MP PP 0.806245 sg 57 -67 211 30 1960 1598 3 MP PP 211 25 57 -62 1960 1598 3 MP PP 0.749954 sg 57 -76 211 235 1945 2077 3 MP PP 212 202 56 -43 1945 2077 3 MP PP 0.531924 sg 57 -132 211 -113 1930 2800 3 MP PP 212 -98 56 -147 1930 2800 3 MP PP 0.455685 sg 56 -152 212 -26 1914 3268 3 MP PP 211 7 57 -185 1914 3268 3 MP PP 0.849455 sg 56 -3 212 22 1903 1609 3 MP PP 211 30 57 -11 1903 1609 3 MP PP 0.726636 sg 57 -115 211 224 1888 2203 3 MP PP 211 235 57 -126 1888 2203 3 MP PP 0.471584 sg 57 -162 211 -110 1873 2959 3 MP PP 211 -113 57 -159 1873 2959 3 MP PP 0.267581 sg 57 -177 211 -146 1858 3565 3 MP PP 212 -26 56 -297 1858 3565 3 MP PP 0.860029 sg 57 -67 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3598 3 MP PP 0.738356 sg 57 -69 211 39 1620 2233 3 MP PP 211 36 57 -66 1620 2233 3 MP PP 0.614739 sg 57 -86 211 223 1605 2822 3 MP PP 211 226 57 -89 1605 2822 3 MP PP 0 sg 57 -216 211 1 1590 3780 3 MP PP 212 -33 56 -182 1590 3780 3 MP PP 0.69069 sg 56 -168 212 38 1563 2402 3 MP PP 211 39 57 -169 1563 2402 3 MP PP 0.487133 sg 56 -206 212 165 1548 3086 3 MP PP 211 223 57 -264 1548 3086 3 MP PP 0.678428 sg 57 -122 211 41 1507 2521 3 MP PP 212 38 56 -119 1507 2521 3 MP PP 0.471584 sg 57 -87 211 147 1492 3191 3 MP PP 212 165 56 -105 1492 3191 3 MP PP 0.627819 sg 56 -171 212 48 1450 2685 3 MP PP 211 41 57 -164 1450 2685 3 MP PP 0.331433 sg 57 -260 211 144 1435 3454 3 MP PP 211 147 57 -263 1435 3454 3 MP PP 0.627819 sg 57 -89 211 46 1394 2776 3 MP PP 212 48 56 -91 1394 2776 3 MP PP 0.191263 sg 56 -182 212 110 1378 3670 3 MP PP 211 144 57 -216 1378 3670 3 MP PP 0.502358 sg 57 -264 211 49 1337 3037 3 MP PP 211 46 57 -261 1337 3037 3 MP PP 0.487133 sg 56 -105 212 43 1280 3148 3 MP PP 211 49 57 -111 1280 3148 3 MP PP 0.331433 sg 57 -263 211 32 1224 3422 3 MP PP 212 43 56 -274 1224 3422 3 MP PP 0.191263 sg 57 -216 211 37 1167 3633 3 MP PP 211 32 57 -211 1167 3633 3 MP PP gr 0.191263 sg 0 sg %%IncludeResource: font Helvetica /Helvetica /ISOLatin1Encoding 240 FMSR 237 3785 mt -90 rotate (loss function) s 90 rotate end eplot %%EndObject epage end showpage %%Trailer %%EOF %%EndDocument @endspecial f15 SF 2108 1481 p (Fig.)s 15 r (8.)s f10 SF 29 r (Relation)s 28 r (b)s 3 r (et)s -2 r (w)s -2 r (een)s 28 r (loss)s 29 r (function)s 2108 1565 p (and)s 26 r (the)s 25 r (orders)s 26 r (of)s 25 r (the)s 26 r (ARX)s 26 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s f2 SF 523 1745 p (c)s -1 r (hoice)s 21 r (of)s 23 r (the)s 22 r (orders)s 23 r (and)s 22 r (the)s 23 r (dela)s -2 r (y)s 22 r (of)s 22 r (the)s 23 r (ARX)s 22 r (mo)s 3 r (del,)s 22 r (and)s 23 r (the)s 22 r (n)s -1 r (um)s -3 r (b)s 2 r (er)s 22 r (of)s 23 r (samples)s 523 1836 p (used)s 27 r (for)s 27 r (system)s 27 r (iden)s -1 r (ti\014cation.)s 26 r (It)s 27 r (is)s 27 r (therefore)s 27 r (desirable)s 27 r (to)s 27 r (carefully)s 27 r (c)s -2 r (ho)s 2 r (ose)s f5 SF 27 r (\020)s f2 SF 33 r (and)s 523 1928 p (the)s 25 r (n)s -1 r (um)s -2 r (b)s 1 r (er)s 25 r (of)s 25 r (samples)s 25 r (to)s 26 r (minimize)s 25 r (the)s 25 r (loss)s 25 r (function)s f5 SF 25 r (V)s f4 SF 2481 1940 p (N)s f2 SF 2544 1928 p (\()s f5 SF (\022)s 2 r (;)s 14 r (Z)s f4 SF 2717 1897 p (N)s f2 SF 2780 1928 p (\))s 25 r (\(i.e.,)s 26 r (the)s 25 r (sum)s 25 r (of)s 523 2019 p (all)s 28 r (squared)s 27 r (prediction)s 28 r (errors\).)s 648 2117 p (Figure)s 25 r (7)s 25 r (sho)s -1 r (ws)s 24 r (the)s 26 r (relation)s 25 r (b)s 2 r (et)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (een)s 24 r (the)s 25 r (loss)s 26 r (function)s f5 SF 25 r (J)s f4 SF 2636 2129 p (N)s f2 SF 2699 2117 p (\()s f5 SF (\022)s f2 SF 3 r (\))s 25 r (and)s 25 r (the)s 26 r (n)s -2 r (um)s -2 r (b)s 1 r (er)s 523 2208 p (of)s 34 r (samples)s 34 r (used)s 33 r (from)s 34 r (the)s 34 r (input)s 34 r (and)s 33 r (output)s 34 r (data)s 34 r (in)s 34 r (the)s 34 r (net)s -2 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 33 r (con\014guration)s f18 SF 523 2299 p (N2)s f2 SF (.)s 31 r (In)s 31 r (this)s 32 r (\014gure,)s 31 r (the)s 31 r (orders)s 31 r (and)s 31 r (the)s 31 r (dela)s -1 r (y)s 30 r (of)s 31 r (the)s 32 r (ARX)s 31 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 31 r (is)s 31 r (\014xed)s 31 r (at)s f5 SF 32 r (\020)s f2 SF 35 r (=)s 523 2390 p ([8)s f5 SF (;)s f2 SF 14 r (8)s f5 SF (;)s f2 SF 14 r (1],)s 38 r (while)s 39 r (the)s 38 r (n)s -1 r (um)s -3 r (b)s 2 r (er)s 38 r (of)s 38 r (samples)s 39 r (is)s 38 r (c)s -1 r (hanged)s 37 r (from)s 39 r (40)s 38 r (to)s 39 r (100.)s 38 r (This)s 38 r (\014gure)s 523 2481 p (sho)s -1 r (ws)s 21 r (a)s 22 r (tendency)s 22 r (that,)s 22 r (as)s 22 r (the)s 22 r (n)s -1 r (um)s -3 r (b)s 2 r (er)s 22 r (of)s 22 r (samples)s 22 r (increases,)s 22 r (the)s 22 r (loss)s 22 r (function)s 22 r (\014rst)s 523 2572 p (decreases)s 32 r (and)s 31 r (then)s 32 r (gradually)s 31 r (increases.)s 32 r (The)s 31 r (similar)s 32 r (tendencies)s 31 r (are)s 32 r (observ)s -2 r (ed)s 31 r (in)s 523 2664 p (other)s 26 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 25 r (con\014gurations)s f18 SF 26 r (N1)s f2 SF 27 r (and)s f18 SF 26 r (N3)s f2 SF (,)s 26 r (although)s 26 r (the)s 27 r (results)s 26 r (are)s 26 r (not)s 26 r (included)s 523 2755 p (here.)s 648 2853 p (W)s -6 r (e)s 33 r (next)s 34 r (sho)s -1 r (w)s 33 r (the)s 35 r (relation)s 34 r (b)s 2 r (et)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (een)s 33 r (the)s 34 r (orders)s 35 r (of)s 34 r (the)s 34 r (ARX)s 34 r (mo)s 3 r (del)s 34 r (and)s 34 r (the)s 523 2944 p (loss)s 31 r (function)s f5 SF 31 r (V)s f4 SF 1061 2956 p (N)s f2 SF 1124 2944 p (\()s f5 SF (\022)s 2 r (;)s 14 r (Z)s f4 SF 1297 2914 p (N)s f2 SF 1360 2944 p (\))s 31 r (in)s 30 r (Fig.)s 31 r (8.)s 31 r (This)s 31 r (\014gure)s 31 r (uses)s 31 r (100)s 30 r (samples)s 31 r (from)s 31 r (the)s 31 r (input)s 523 3035 p (and)s 32 r (output)s 31 r (data)s 31 r (in)s 32 r (the)s 31 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 30 r (con\014guration)s f18 SF 32 r (N2)s f2 SF (,)s 31 r (and)s 32 r (the)s 31 r (orders)s 32 r (of)s 31 r (the)s 32 r (ARX)s 523 3126 p (mo)s 2 r (del,)s f5 SF 30 r (n)s f4 SF 845 3139 p (a)s f2 SF 915 3126 p (and)s f5 SF 30 r (n)s f4 SF 1129 3139 p (b)s f2 SF 1162 3126 p (,)s 30 r (are)s 30 r (c)s -1 r (hanged)s 29 r (from)s 30 r (1)s 30 r (to)s 30 r (20,)s 31 r (resp)s 2 r (ectiv)s -1 r (ely)s -7 r (.)s 29 r (This)s 30 r (\014gure)s 30 r (indicates)s 523 3217 p (that)s 29 r (the)s 28 r (loss)s 29 r (function)s 28 r (increases)s 29 r (as)s 28 r (the)s f5 SF 29 r (n)s f4 SF 1977 3230 p (b)s f2 SF 2038 3217 p (increases.)s 29 r (On)s 28 r (the)s 29 r (con)s -1 r (trary)s -7 r (,)s 27 r (the)s 29 r (c)s -2 r (hoice)s 523 3309 p (of)s f5 SF 28 r (n)s f4 SF 667 3321 p (a)s f2 SF 735 3309 p (has)s 28 r (little)s 28 r (e\013ect)s 27 r (on)s 28 r (the)s 28 r (loss)s 27 r (function.)s 648 3407 p (Another)s 23 r (imp)s 3 r (ortan)s -2 r (t)s 23 r (factor)s 24 r (in)s 24 r (determining)s 24 r (the)s 24 r (orders)s 24 r (of)s 23 r (the)s 24 r (ARX)s 24 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 24 r (is)s 24 r (the)s 523 3498 p (highest)s 22 r (frequency)s 21 r (that)s 22 r (should)s 21 r (b)s 2 r (e)s 22 r (captured)s 22 r (b)s -2 r (y)s 21 r (the)s 21 r (ARX)s 22 r (mo)s 2 r (del.)s 22 r (Namely)s -6 r (,)s 20 r (the)s 22 r (ARX)s 523 3589 p (mo)s 2 r (del)s 23 r (is)s 23 r (able)s 23 r (to)s 24 r (capture)s 23 r (higher)s 23 r (frequency)s 23 r (of)s 23 r (the)s 23 r (output)s 23 r (data)s 23 r (\(i.e.,)s 23 r (the)s 23 r (round-trip)s 523 3680 p (time)s 27 r (v)s -4 r (ariation\))s 26 r (with)s 27 r (larger)s f5 SF 27 r (n)s f4 SF 1564 3692 p (a)s f2 SF 1632 3680 p (and)s f5 SF 26 r (n)s f4 SF 1842 3692 p (b)s f2 SF 1875 3680 p (.)s 27 r (Moreo)s -1 r (v)s -2 r (er,)s 26 r (the)s 27 r (ARX)s 26 r (mo)s 3 r (del)s 27 r (requires)s 27 r (more)s 523 3771 p (computational)s 27 r (burden)s 26 r (and)s 27 r (b)s 2 r (ecomes)s 27 r (less)s 27 r (stable)s 26 r (as)s 27 r (the)s 27 r (orders)s 26 r (increase)s 27 r ([7].)s 27 r (So)s 27 r (the)s 523 3862 p (orders)s 26 r (of)s 26 r (the)s 25 r (ARX)s 26 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 26 r (should)s 26 r (b)s 2 r (e)s 26 r (determined)s 26 r (b)s -1 r (y)s 24 r (taking)s 26 r (accoun)s -1 r (t)s 25 r (of)s 25 r (a)s 26 r (trade-o\013)s 523 3953 p (among)s 28 r (accuracy)s -6 r (,)s 26 r (complexit)s -1 r (y)s -7 r (,)s 27 r (and)s 28 r (stabilit)s -2 r (y)s -7 r (.)s f16 SF 523 4243 p (6)s 112 r (Discussion)s 37 r (and)s 38 r (Conclusion)s f2 SF 523 4468 p (W)s -6 r (e)s 23 r (discuss)s 25 r (sev)s -2 r (eral)s 24 r (p)s 2 r (ossible)s 24 r (applications)s 25 r (of)s 24 r (our)s 24 r (approac)s -1 r (h)s 23 r (|)s 24 r (mo)s 3 r (deling)s 24 r (the)s 24 r (round-)s 523 4560 p (trip)s 25 r (time)s 25 r (dynamics)s 25 r (of)s 25 r (the)s 25 r (In)s -2 r (ternet)s 24 r (using)s 25 r (the)s 25 r (ARX)s 25 r (mo)s 2 r (del.)s 25 r (Details)s 25 r (of)s 25 r (these)s 25 r (topics)s 523 4651 p (will)s 29 r (b)s 3 r (e)s 29 r (discussed)s 30 r (in)s 29 r (the)s 30 r (forthcoming)s 29 r (pap)s 2 r (er,)s 30 r (but)s 29 r (it)s 30 r (is)s 29 r (w)s -1 r (orth)s -3 r (while)s 29 r (to)s 29 r (discuss)s 30 r (ho)s -2 r (w)s 523 4742 p (our)s 27 r (approac)s -1 r (h)s 26 r (can)s 28 r (b)s 2 r (e)s 27 r (applied)s 27 r (to)s 28 r (v)s -4 r (arious)s 26 r (problems.)s 28 r (The)s 27 r (\014rst)s 27 r (and)s 27 r (straigh)s -1 r (tforw)s -2 r (ard)s 523 4833 p (application)s 38 r (w)s -1 r (ould)s 36 r (b)s 3 r (e)s 38 r (to)s 37 r (use)s 38 r (our)s 38 r (approac)s -1 r (h)s 37 r (to)s f17 SF 38 r (understand)s f2 SF 38 r (the)s 37 r (round-trip)s 38 r (time)s 523 4924 p (dynamics)s 24 r (of)s 23 r (the)s 24 r (In)s -1 r (ternet.)s 22 r (W)s -6 r (e)s 23 r (can)s 24 r (analyze)s 23 r (the)s 24 r (round-trip)s 24 r (time)s 23 r (dynamics)s 24 r (through)s EP %%Page: 12 12 BP f10 SF 523 232 p (12)s 199 r (Hiro)s -1 r (yuki)s 24 r (Ohsaki)s 26 r (et)s 25 r (al.)s f2 SF 523 448 p (the)s 35 r (ARX)s 35 r (mo)s 2 r (del.)s 35 r (Because)s 36 r (the)s 35 r (ARX)s 35 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 35 r (is)s 35 r (one)s 35 r (of)s 35 r (L)s -6 r (TI)s 34 r (\(Linear)s 35 r (Time)s 35 r (In)s -1 r (v)s -5 r (ari-)s 523 539 p (an)s -1 r (t\))s 24 r (mo)s 3 r (dels,)s 25 r (v)s -3 r (arious)s 25 r (analysis)s 25 r (tec)s -1 r (hniques)s 25 r (for)s 25 r (L)s -6 r (TI)s 25 r (mo)s 2 r (dels)s 26 r (in)s 26 r (time-)s 26 r (and)s 25 r (frequency-)s 523 631 p (domain)s 32 r (can)s 31 r (b)s 3 r (e)s 31 r (utilized.)s 32 r (The)s 32 r (second)s 31 r (application)s 32 r (w)s -1 r (ould)s 31 r (b)s 2 r (e)s 32 r (to)s f17 SF 31 r (pr)s -3 r (e)s -4 r (dict)s f2 SF 30 r (the)s 32 r (future)s 523 722 p (round-trip)s 31 r (time)s 31 r (from)s 30 r (the)s 31 r (ARX)s 31 r (mo)s 2 r (del.)s 31 r (As)s 31 r (ha)s -2 r (v)s -2 r (e)s 30 r (sho)s -2 r (wn)s 30 r (in)s 31 r (Section)s 31 r (5,)s 30 r (the)s 31 r (round-)s 523 813 p (trip)s 30 r (time)s 29 r (of)s 30 r (a)s 29 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -3 r (et)s 29 r (is)s 29 r (considerably)s 30 r (disturb)s 2 r (ed)s 30 r (b)s -2 r (y)s 29 r (bac)s -1 r (kground)s 28 r (tra\016c.)s 30 r (Hence,)s 29 r (it)s 523 904 p (is)s 32 r (di\016cult)s 31 r (to)s 32 r (predict)s 31 r (the)s 32 r (far)s 32 r (future)s 31 r (round-trip)s 32 r (time.)s 31 r (Ho)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (ev)s -3 r (er,)s 31 r (the)s 32 r (ARX)s 31 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 523 995 p (can)s 24 r (predict)s 25 r (the)s 24 r (near)s 25 r (future)s 24 r (round-trip)s 25 r (time,)s 24 r (whic)s -1 r (h)s 23 r (w)s -1 r (ould)s 23 r (b)s 3 r (e)s 24 r (useful)s 25 r (to,)s 24 r (for)s 25 r (exam-)s 523 1086 p (ple,)s 29 r (QoS)s 28 r (con)s -1 r (trolling)s 28 r (mec)s -1 r (hanisms.)s 27 r (As)s 29 r (noted)s 29 r (in)s 28 r (Section)s 29 r (1,)s 29 r (the)s 29 r (third)s 28 r (and)s 29 r (p)s 2 r (ossibly)s 523 1178 p (most)s 25 r (imp)s 2 r (ortan)s -1 r (t)s 24 r (application)s 25 r (w)s -1 r (ould)s 24 r (b)s 2 r (e)s 25 r (to)s f17 SF 25 r (design)s f2 SF 25 r (a)s 25 r (dela)s -1 r (y-based)s 24 r (congestion)s 25 r (con)s -2 r (trol)s 523 1269 p (mec)s -1 r (hanism.)s 35 r (Once)s 37 r (the)s 36 r (ARX)s 37 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 37 r (capturing)s 36 r (the)s 37 r (round-trip)s 36 r (time)s 37 r (is)s 36 r (obtained,)s 523 1360 p (it)s 33 r (w)s -2 r (ould)s 32 r (b)s 2 r (e)s 33 r (p)s 2 r (ossible)s 33 r (to)s 32 r (apply)s 33 r (the)s 33 r (optimal)s 32 r (con)s -1 r (trol)s 32 r (theory)s 32 r (to)s 33 r (design)s 32 r (an)s 33 r (e\016cien)s -1 r (t)s 523 1451 p (dela)s -1 r (y-based)s 34 r (congestion)s 35 r (con)s -1 r (trol)s 34 r (mec)s -1 r (hanism.)s 34 r (Congestion)s 36 r (con)s -2 r (trol)s 35 r (of)s 35 r (the)s 35 r (In)s -1 r (ternet)s 523 1542 p (is)s 28 r (a)s 29 r (di\016cult)s 28 r (problem)s 29 r (b)s 2 r (ecause)s 29 r (of)s 28 r (its)s 29 r (complexit)s -2 r (y)s 28 r (suc)s -2 r (h)s 28 r (as)s 28 r (heterogeneit)s -1 r (y)s 28 r (of)s 28 r (v)s -4 r (arious)s 523 1633 p (net)s -1 r (w)s -3 r (ork)s 36 r (elemen)s -1 r (ts)s 36 r (and)s 37 r (non-negligible)s 37 r (propagation)s 37 r (dela)s -2 r (ys.)s 36 r (Ho)s -1 r (w)s -3 r (ev)s -2 r (er,)s 36 r (w)s -1 r (e)s 36 r (b)s 2 r (eliev)s -1 r (e)s 523 1724 p (that)s 27 r (com)s -2 r (bination)s 26 r (of)s 27 r (the)s 27 r (ARX)s 26 r (mo)s 3 r (del)s 26 r (and)s 27 r (the)s 27 r (optimal)s 26 r (con)s -1 r (trol)s 26 r (theory)s 26 r (w)s -1 r (ould)s 26 r (help)s 523 1816 p (us)s 36 r (to)s 36 r (design)s 36 r (a)s 36 r (more)s 36 r (e\016cien)s -2 r (t)s 35 r (congestion)s 36 r (con)s -1 r (trol)s 35 r (mec)s -2 r (hanism.)s 35 r (W)s -6 r (e)s 35 r (are)s 36 r (curren)s -1 r (tly)s 523 1907 p (w)s -1 r (orking)s 36 r (on)s 37 r (designing)s 37 r (a)s 38 r (dela)s -2 r (y-based)s 36 r (congestion)s 38 r (con)s -2 r (trol)s 37 r (mec)s -2 r (hanism)s 37 r (for)s 37 r (stream)s 523 1998 p (video)s 28 r (applications.)s 648 2091 p (In)s 32 r (this)s 33 r (pap)s 2 r (er,)s 33 r (w)s -1 r (e)s 32 r (ha)s -1 r (v)s -3 r (e)s 32 r (prop)s 2 r (osed)s 33 r (a)s 33 r (no)s -1 r (v)s -3 r (el)s 32 r (approac)s -1 r (h)s 32 r (to)s 32 r (mo)s 3 r (del)s 33 r (the)s 32 r (round-trip)s 523 2183 p (time)s 31 r (dynamics)s 31 r (of)s 32 r (the)s 31 r (In)s -1 r (ternet)s 30 r (using)s 31 r (system)s 31 r (iden)s -1 r (ti\014cation.)s 30 r (The)s 32 r (main)s 31 r (idea)s 31 r (is)s 31 r (to)s 523 2274 p (mo)s 2 r (del)s 22 r (the)s 21 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -3 r (ork,)s 20 r (seen)s 22 r (b)s -2 r (y)s 21 r (a)s 21 r (sp)s 2 r (eci\014c)s 21 r (source)s 22 r (host,)s 21 r (as)s 21 r (a)s 21 r (linear)s 22 r (time-in)s -2 r (v)s -4 r (arian)s -3 r (t)s 21 r (ARX)s 523 2365 p (mo)s 2 r (del.)s 36 r (The)s 36 r (input)s 35 r (to)s 36 r (the)s 36 r (ARX)s 35 r (mo)s 3 r (del)s 35 r (is)s 36 r (the)s 36 r (pac)s -2 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 35 r (in)s -2 r (ter-departure)s 35 r (time)s 36 r (from)s 523 2456 p (the)s 24 r (source)s 24 r (host,)s 24 r (and)s 24 r (the)s 24 r (output)s 24 r (is)s 24 r (the)s 24 r (round-trip)s 24 r (time)s 24 r (v)s -3 r (ariation)s 23 r (measured)s 24 r (at)s 24 r (the)s 523 2547 p (source)s 19 r (host.)s 19 r (With)s 19 r (the)s 20 r (ICMP-based)s 19 r (measuremen)s -2 r (t)s 19 r (metho)s 2 r (d,)s 19 r (w)s -1 r (e)s 18 r (ha)s -1 r (v)s -3 r (e)s 18 r (collected)s 20 r (three)s 523 2638 p (sets)s 32 r (of)s 32 r (the)s 32 r (input)s 33 r (and)s 32 r (output)s 32 r (data)s 32 r (from)s 32 r (real)s 32 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (orks.)s 31 r (Using)s 32 r (the)s 32 r (measuremen)s -1 r (t)s 523 2729 p (results,)s 21 r (w)s -2 r (e)s 20 r (ha)s -1 r (v)s -3 r (e)s 20 r (determined)s 20 r (co)s 3 r (e\016cien)s -2 r (ts)s 20 r (of)s 21 r (the)s 20 r (ARX)s 21 r (mo)s 2 r (del,)s 21 r (and)s 20 r (ha)s -1 r (v)s -2 r (e)s 19 r (in)s -1 r (v)s -2 r (estigated)s 523 2821 p (ho)s -1 r (w)s 21 r (accurately)s 23 r (the)s 22 r (ARX)s 23 r (mo)s 2 r (del)s 23 r (captures)s 22 r (the)s 23 r (round-trip)s 22 r (time)s 23 r (dynamics.)s 22 r (W)s -6 r (e)s 22 r (ha)s -2 r (v)s -2 r (e)s 523 2912 p (found)s 26 r (that)s 26 r (the)s 26 r (ARX)s 26 r (mo)s 3 r (del)s 26 r (can)s 26 r (capture)s 26 r (the)s 26 r (round-trip)s 26 r (time)s 26 r (dynamics)s 26 r (when)s 26 r (the)s 523 3003 p (net)s -1 r (w)s -3 r (ork)s 25 r (is)s 26 r (mo)s 2 r (derately)s 26 r (congested.)s 26 r (W)s -6 r (e)s 25 r (ha)s -1 r (v)s -3 r (e)s 25 r (also)s 26 r (found)s 26 r (that,)s 26 r (when)s 26 r (the)s 26 r (net)s -2 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 25 r (is)s 523 3094 p (not)s 27 r (congested)s 26 r (or)s 27 r (the)s 26 r (measured)s 27 r (round-trip)s 26 r (time)s 27 r (is)s 27 r (noisy)s -6 r (,)s 25 r (the)s 27 r (ARX)s 26 r (mo)s 3 r (del)s 26 r (fails)s 27 r (to)s 523 3185 p (capture)s 28 r (the)s 27 r (round-trip)s 28 r (time)s 28 r (dynamics.)s 648 3279 p (As)s 34 r (a)s 34 r (future)s 34 r (w)s -1 r (ork,)s 33 r (it)s 35 r (is)s 34 r (imp)s 2 r (ortan)s -1 r (t)s 33 r (to)s 35 r (v)s -4 r (alidate)s 33 r (e\013ectiv)s -1 r (eness)s 33 r (of)s 35 r (our)s 34 r (mo)s 2 r (deling)s 523 3370 p (approac)s -1 r (h)s 39 r (for)s 40 r (a)s 41 r (through)s 40 r (set)s 40 r (of)s 41 r (input)s 40 r (and)s 40 r (output)s 40 r (data)s 41 r (obtained)s 40 r (from)s 40 r (v)s -3 r (arious)s 523 3461 p (net)s -1 r (w)s -3 r (ork)s 27 r (con\014gurations.)s 28 r (W)s -5 r (e)s 27 r (are)s 28 r (curren)s -2 r (try)s 27 r (measuring)s 28 r (the)s 28 r (input)s 28 r (and)s 28 r (output)s 28 r (data)s 523 3552 p (in)s 28 r (w)s -2 r (orking)s 27 r (LAN)s 28 r (and)s 27 r (W)s -8 r (AN)s 27 r (en)s -1 r (vironmen)s -3 r (ts)s 27 r ([23].)s f16 SF 523 3819 p (Ac)s -2 r (kno)s -3 r (wledgemen)s -3 r (t)s f2 SF 523 4022 p (This)s 28 r (w)s -1 r (ork)s 26 r (w)s -1 r (as)s 27 r (supp)s 2 r (orted)s 28 r (in)s 28 r (part)s 28 r (b)s -1 r (y)s 26 r (Researc)s -1 r (h)s 27 r (for)s 28 r (the)s 28 r (F)s -6 r (uture)s 27 r (Program)s 27 r (of)s 28 r (Japan)s 523 4113 p (So)s 2 r (ciet)s -1 r (y)s 23 r (for)s 23 r (the)s 24 r (Promotion)s 24 r (of)s 23 r (Science)s 24 r (under)s 24 r (the)s 23 r (Pro)s 5 r (ject)s 24 r (\\In)s -2 r (tegrated)s 23 r (Net)s -1 r (w)s -3 r (ork)s 23 r (Ar-)s 523 4204 p (c)s -1 r (hitecture)s 127 r (for)s 129 r (Adv)s -3 r (anced)s 127 r (Multimedia)s 129 r (Application)s 129 r (Systems"\(JSPS-)s 523 4295 p (RFTF97R16301\).)s f16 SF 523 4562 p (References)s f10 SF 561 4757 p (1.)s 42 r (R.)s 26 r (Jain,)s 25 r (\\A)s 26 r (dela)s -1 r (y-based)s 25 r (approac)s -1 r (h)s 24 r (for)s 26 r (congestion)s 26 r (a)s -1 r (v)s -2 r (oidance)s 25 r (in)s 25 r (in)s -1 r (terconnected)s 25 r (het-)s 663 4841 p (erogeneous)s 23 r (computer)s 24 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (orks,")s f19 SF 23 r (A)s -1 r (CM)s 25 r (Computer)s 26 r (Communic)s -3 r (ation)s 24 r (R)s -2 r (eview)s f10 SF (,)s 22 r (v)s -1 r (ol.)s 23 r (19,)s 663 4924 p (pp.)s 25 r (56{71,)s 26 r (Oct.)s 25 r (1989.)s EP %%Page: 13 13 BP f10 SF 1202 232 p (On)s 26 r (Mo)s 2 r (deling)s 26 r (Round-T)s -6 r (rip)s 25 r (Time)s 25 r (Dynamics)s 26 r (of)s 26 r (the)s 25 r (In)s -1 r (ternet)s 198 r (13)s 561 448 p (2.)s 42 r (L.)s 27 r (S.)s 27 r (Brakmo,)s 27 r (S.)s 26 r (W.)s 27 r (O'Malley)s -5 r (,)s 26 r (and)s 27 r (L.)s 26 r (L.)s 27 r (P)s -1 r (eterson,)s 26 r (\\TCP)s 27 r (V)s -6 r (egas:)s 26 r (New)s 27 r (tec)s -1 r (hniques)s 663 532 p (for)s 28 r (congestion)s 28 r (detection)s 28 r (and)s 29 r (a)s -2 r (v)s -2 r (oidance,")s 27 r (in)s f19 SF 29 r (Pr)s -3 r (o)s -4 r (c)s -4 r (e)s -4 r (e)s -4 r (dings)s 29 r (of)s 30 r (A)s -1 r (CM)s 29 r (SIGCOMM)s 29 r ('94)s f10 SF (,)s 663 615 p (pp.)s 25 r (24{35,)s 26 r (Oct.)s 25 r (1994.)s 561 699 p (3.)s 42 r (J.-C.)s 35 r (Bolot,)s 36 r (\\Characterizing)s 35 r (end-to-end)s 35 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 34 r (dela)s -1 r (y)s 35 r (and)s 35 r (loss)s 35 r (in)s 36 r (the)s 35 r (In)s -1 r (ternet,")s f19 SF 663 783 p (Journal)s 27 r (of)s 28 r (High-Sp)s -3 r (e)s -4 r (e)s -4 r (d)s 26 r (Networks)s f10 SF (,)s 26 r (v)s -1 r (ol.)s 24 r (2,)s 26 r (pp.)s 25 r (305{323,)s 26 r (Dec.)s 26 r (1993.)s 561 866 p (4.)s 42 r (S.)s 22 r (B.)s 22 r (Mo)s 3 r (on,)s 22 r (J.)s 22 r (Kurose,)s 22 r (P)s -5 r (.)s 21 r (Sk)s -1 r (elly)s -7 r (,)s 22 r (and)s 22 r (D.)s 22 r (T)s -5 r (o)s -2 r (wsley)s -7 r (,)s 21 r (\\Correlation)s 23 r (of)s 22 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 21 r (dela)s -1 r (y)s 21 r (and)s 663 950 p (loss)s 31 r (in)s 31 r (the)s 31 r (In)s -1 r (ternet,")s 30 r (tec)s -2 r (h.)s 30 r (rep.,)s 31 r (Departmen)s -1 r (t)s 30 r (of)s 31 r (Computer)s 31 r (Science,)s 31 r (Univ)s -1 r (ersit)s -2 r (y)s 30 r (of)s 663 1033 p (Massac)s -1 r (h)s -3 r (usetts,)s 25 r (USA,)s 26 r (Jan.)s 25 r (1998.)s 561 1117 p (5.)s 42 r (V.)s 28 r (P)s -2 r (axson,)s 27 r (\\End-to-end)s 28 r (In)s -1 r (ternet)s 26 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -2 r (et)s 26 r (dynamics,")s 28 r (in)s f19 SF 28 r (Pr)s -3 r (o)s -4 r (c)s -4 r (e)s -4 r (e)s -4 r (dings)s 28 r (of)s 30 r (A)s -1 r (CM)s 28 r (SIG-)s 663 1200 p (COMM)s f10 SF (,)s 25 r (pp.)s 26 r (139{152,)s 25 r (Sept.)s 26 r (1997.)s 561 1284 p (6.)s 42 r (H.)s 27 r (Ohsaki,)s 27 r (M.)s 27 r (Murata,)s 27 r (and)s 27 r (H.)s 27 r (Miy)s -1 r (ahara,)s 26 r (\\Mo)s 2 r (deling)s 27 r (end-to-end)s 27 r (pac)s -1 r (k)s -3 r (et)s 26 r (dela)s -1 r (y)s 26 r (dy-)s 663 1367 p (namics)s 26 r (of)s 27 r (the)s 27 r (In)s -1 r (ternet)s 26 r (using)s 26 r (system)s 27 r (iden)s -1 r (ti\014cation,")s 26 r (in)s f19 SF 27 r (Pr)s -3 r (o)s -4 r (c)s -4 r (e)s -4 r (e)s -4 r (dings)s 27 r (of)s 29 r (Sevente)s -3 r (enth)s 663 1451 p (International)s 27 r (T)s -5 r (eletr)s -4 r (a\016c)s 27 r (Congr)s -3 r (ess)s f10 SF (,)s 24 r (pp.)s 26 r (1027{1038,)s 26 r (Dec.)s 25 r (2001.)s 561 1535 p (7.)s 42 r (L.)s 35 r (Ljung,)s f19 SF 36 r (System)s 36 r (identi\014c)s -2 r (ation)s 35 r (|)s 37 r (the)s -3 r (ory)s 35 r (for)s 37 r (the)s 36 r (user)s f10 SF (.)s 64 r (Englew)s -1 r (o)s 1 r (o)s 2 r (d)s 35 r (Cli\013s,)s 36 r (N.J.:)s 663 1618 p (Pren)s -1 r (tice)s 24 r (Hall,)s 26 r (1987.)s 561 1702 p (8.)s 42 r (M.)s 31 r (Allman)s 30 r (and)s 31 r (V.)s 30 r (P)s -1 r (axon,)s 30 r (\\On)s 30 r (estimating)s 31 r (end-to-end)s 30 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 30 r (path)s 30 r (prop)s 2 r (erties,")s f19 SF 663 1785 p (A)s -1 r (CM)s 26 r (SIGCOMM)s 28 r ('99)s f10 SF (,)s 25 r (pp.)s 26 r (263{274,)s 25 r (Aug.)s 26 r (1999.)s 561 1869 p (9.)s 42 r (A.)s 24 r (Adams,)s 24 r (T.)s 24 r (Bu,)s 23 r (R.)s 24 r (Caceres,)s 24 r (N.)s 24 r (Du\016eld,)s 24 r (T.)s 24 r (F)s -6 r (riedman,)s 23 r (J.)s 24 r (Horo)s -1 r (witz,)s 23 r (F.)s 24 r (L.)s 23 r (Presti,)s 663 1952 p (S.)s 30 r (B.)s 30 r (Mo)s 2 r (on,)s 30 r (V.)s 31 r (P)s -1 r (axson,)s 29 r (and)s 30 r (D.)s 30 r (T)s -5 r (o)s -2 r (wsley)s -7 r (,)s 29 r (\\The)s 31 r (use)s 30 r (of)s 30 r (end-to-end)s 30 r (m)s -1 r (ulticast)s 29 r (mea-)s 663 2036 p (suremen)s -1 r (ts)s 28 r (for)s 29 r (c)s -1 r (haracterizing)s 28 r (in)s -1 r (ternal)s 28 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 28 r (b)s 2 r (eha)s -1 r (vior,")s f19 SF 28 r (IEEE)s 31 r (Communic)s -3 r (ations)s f10 SF (,)s 663 2119 p (pp.)s 25 r (152{159,)s 26 r (Ma)s -1 r (y)s 24 r (2000.)s 523 2203 p (10.)s 42 r (V.)s 32 r (P)s -1 r (axson,)s 32 r (\\End-to-end)s 33 r (routing)s 33 r (b)s 2 r (eha)s -1 r (vior)s 32 r (in)s 32 r (the)s 33 r (In)s -1 r (ternet,")s 32 r (in)s f19 SF 33 r (A)s -1 r (CM)s 33 r (SIGCOMM)s 663 2287 p ('96)s f10 SF (,)s 25 r (pp.)s 26 r (25{38,)s 25 r (Ma)s -1 r (y)s 25 r (1996.)s 523 2370 p (11.)s 42 r (R.)s 23 r (Caceres,)s 23 r (P)s -5 r (.)s 22 r (B.)s 23 r (Danzig,)s 24 r (S.)s 23 r (Jamin,)s 23 r (and)s 23 r (D.)s 24 r (J.Mitzel,)s 23 r (\\Characteristics)s 23 r (of)s 24 r (wide-area)s 663 2454 p (TCP/IP)s 25 r (con)s -1 r (v)s -2 r (ersations,")s 25 r (in)s f19 SF 25 r (A)s -1 r (CM)s 27 r (SIGCOMM)s 27 r ('91)s f10 SF (,)s 26 r (pp.)s 25 r (101{112,)s 26 r (Sept.)s 26 r (1991.)s 523 2537 p (12.)s 42 r (H.)s 30 r (Che)s 30 r (and)s 30 r (S.-Q.)s 30 r (Li,)s 30 r (\\F)s -5 r (ast)s 29 r (algorithms)s 30 r (for)s 30 r (measuremen)s -1 r (t-based)s 29 r (tra\016c)s 30 r (mo)s 3 r (deling,")s f19 SF 663 2621 p (IEEE)s 32 r (Journal)s 33 r (on)s 32 r (Sele)s -3 r (cte)s -3 r (d)s 31 r (A)s -1 r (r)s -4 r (e)s -4 r (as)s 32 r (in)s 32 r (Communic)s -2 r (ations)s f10 SF (,)s 30 r (v)s -1 r (ol.)s 30 r (16,)s 31 r (pp.)s 31 r (612{625,)s 31 r (June)s 663 2704 p (1998.)s 523 2788 p (13.)s 42 r (L.)s 26 r (A.)s 26 r (Kulk)s -3 r (arni)s 25 r (and)s 26 r (S.-Q.)s 26 r (Li,)s 26 r (\\Measuremen)s -1 r (t-based)s 25 r (tra\016c)s 27 r (mo)s 2 r (deling:)s 26 r (capturing)s 26 r (im-)s 663 2872 p (p)s 2 r (ortan)s -1 r (t)s 24 r (statistics,")s f19 SF 26 r (Journal)s 27 r (of)s 28 r (Sto)s -3 r (chastic)s 26 r (Mo)s -3 r (del)s f10 SF (,)s 25 r (v)s -1 r (ol.)s 24 r (14,)s 26 r (no.)s 26 r (5,)s 25 r (1998.)s 523 2955 p (14.)s 42 r (S.-Q.)s 35 r (Li,)s 35 r (S.)s 36 r (P)s -1 r (ark,)s 34 r (and)s 35 r (D.)s 36 r (Ari\015er,)s 35 r (\\SMA)s -1 r (Q:)s 34 r (A)s 36 r (measuremen)s -1 r (t-based)s 34 r (to)s 2 r (ol)s 36 r (for)s 35 r (traf-)s 663 3039 p (\014c)s 33 r (mo)s 2 r (deling)s 34 r (and)s 33 r (queueing)s 34 r (analysis,)s 33 r (P)s -1 r (art)s 33 r (I)s 33 r (-)s 34 r (design)s 33 r (metho)s 2 r (dologies)s 34 r (and)s 33 r (soft)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (are)s 663 3122 p (arc)s -1 r (hitecture,")s f19 SF 24 r (IEEE)s 28 r (Communic)s -3 r (ations)s 26 r (Magazine)s f10 SF (,)s 26 r (v)s -1 r (ol.)s 24 r (36,)s 26 r (pp.)s 25 r (56{65,)s 26 r (Aug.)s 26 r (1998.)s 523 3206 p (15.)s 42 r (S.-Q.)s 32 r (Li,)s 33 r (S.)s 33 r (P)s -1 r (ark,)s 32 r (and)s 33 r (D.)s 33 r (Ari\015er,)s 33 r (\\SMA)s -1 r (Q:)s 31 r (a)s 33 r (measuremen)s -1 r (t-based)s 32 r (to)s 2 r (ol)s 33 r (for)s 33 r (tra\016c)s 663 3289 p (mo)s 2 r (deling)s 23 r (and)s 23 r (queueing)s 23 r (analysis,)s 23 r (P)s -1 r (art)s 22 r (I)s 2 r (I)s 23 r (-)s 23 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 22 r (applications,")s f19 SF 23 r (IEEE)s 25 r (Communi-)s 663 3373 p (c)s -3 r (ations)s 26 r (Magazine)s f10 SF (,)s 26 r (v)s -1 r (ol.)s 24 r (36,)s 26 r (pp.)s 25 r (66{77,)s 26 r (Aug.)s 26 r (1998.)s 523 3456 p (16.)s 42 r (Y.)s 18 r (Zhang,)s 17 r (V.)s 18 r (P)s -1 r (axon,)s 17 r (and)s 18 r (S.)s 18 r (Sc)s -1 r (henk)s -2 r (er,)s 17 r (\\The)s 18 r (stationarit)s -1 r (y)s 17 r (of)s 18 r (In)s -1 r (ternet)s 17 r (path)s 18 r (prop)s 2 r (erties:)s 663 3540 p (routing,)s 25 r (loss,)s 26 r (and)s 25 r (throughput,")s 26 r (tec)s -1 r (h.)s 25 r (rep.,)s 25 r (A)s -1 r (CIRI,)s 25 r (Ma)s -2 r (y)s 25 r (2000.)s 523 3624 p (17.)s 42 r (O.)s 35 r (Ait-Hellal,)s 35 r (E.)s 35 r (Altman,)s 35 r (and)s 35 r (T.)s 35 r (Basar,)s 35 r (\\A)s 35 r (robust)s 35 r (iden)s -1 r (ti\014cation)s 34 r (algorithm)s 35 r (for)s 663 3707 p (tra\016c)s 19 r (mo)s 2 r (dels)s 19 r (in)s 19 r (telecomm)s -1 r (unications,")s 18 r (in)s f19 SF 20 r (Pr)s -3 r (o)s -4 r (c)s -4 r (e)s -4 r (e)s -4 r (dings)s 21 r (of)s 21 r (IEEE)s 22 r (CDC)s 21 r ('99)s f10 SF (,)s 19 r (Dec.)s 20 r (1998.)s 523 3791 p (18.)s 42 r (A.)s 23 r (Sang)s 23 r (and)s 23 r (S.-Q.)s 23 r (Li,)s 23 r (\\A)s 23 r (predictabilit)s -1 r (y)s 22 r (analysis)s 23 r (of)s 24 r (net)s -2 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 22 r (tra\016c,")s 24 r (in)s f19 SF 23 r (Pr)s -3 r (o)s -4 r (c)s -4 r (e)s -4 r (e)s -4 r (dings)s 663 3874 p (of)s 27 r (IEEE)s 28 r (INF)s -1 r (OCOM)s 26 r (2000)s f10 SF (,)s 26 r (pp.)s 25 r (342{351,)s 26 r (Mar.)s 25 r (2000.)s 523 3958 p (19.)s 42 r (S.)s 35 r (Hares,)s 35 r (\\Essen)s -2 r (tial)s 34 r (to)s 3 r (ols)s 35 r (for)s 35 r (the)s 35 r (OSI)s 35 r (In)s -2 r (ternet,")s f19 SF 34 r (R)s -3 r (e)s -3 r (quest)s 35 r (for)s 36 r (Comments)s 36 r (\(RF)s -1 r (C\))s 663 4041 p (1574)s f10 SF (,)s 25 r (F)s -5 r (eb.)s 24 r (1994.)s 523 4125 p (20.)s 42 r (F.)s 26 r (Bak)s -1 r (er,)s 25 r (\\Requiremen)s -1 r (ts)s 25 r (for)s 26 r (IP)s 26 r (v)s -1 r (ersion)s 25 r (4)s 26 r (routers,")s f19 SF 26 r (R)s -3 r (e)s -3 r (quest)s 27 r (for)s 27 r (Comments)s 28 r (\(RF)s -1 r (C\))s 663 4208 p (1812)s f10 SF (,)s 25 r (June)s 26 r (1995.)s 523 4292 p (21.)s 42 r (J.)s 24 r (P)s -2 r (ostel,)s 24 r (\\In)s -2 r (ternet)s 23 r (con)s -1 r (trol)s 23 r (message)s 25 r (proto)s 2 r (col,")s f19 SF 24 r (R)s -3 r (e)s -4 r (quest)s 25 r (for)s 26 r (Comments)s 26 r (\(RF)s -1 r (C\))s 25 r (792)s f10 SF (,)s 663 4376 p (Sept.)s 25 r (1981.)s 523 4459 p (22.)s 42 r (S.)s 35 r (Sa)s -1 r (v)s -5 r (age,)s 35 r (\\Sting:)s 35 r (A)s 35 r (TCP-based)s 35 r (net)s -1 r (w)s -2 r (ork)s 34 r (measuremen)s -1 r (t)s 34 r (to)s 3 r (ol,")s 35 r (in)s f19 SF 35 r (Pr)s -3 r (o)s -4 r (c)s -4 r (e)s -4 r (e)s -3 r (dings)s 35 r (of)s 663 4543 p (USENIX)s 26 r (Symp)s -3 r (osium)s 25 r (on)s 25 r (Internet)s 26 r (T)s -5 r (e)s -3 r (chnolo)s -4 r (gies)s 25 r (and)s 25 r (Systems)s f10 SF (,)s 24 r (pp.)s 24 r (71{79,)s 24 r (Oct.)s 24 r (1999.)s 523 4626 p (23.)s 42 r (H.)s 24 r (Ohsaki,)s 24 r (M.)s 25 r (Morita,)s 24 r (and)s 25 r (M.)s 24 r (Murata,)s 25 r (\\Measuremen)s -2 r (t-based)s 24 r (mo)s 2 r (deling)s 24 r (of)s 25 r (In)s -1 r (ternet)s 663 4710 p (round-trip)s 33 r (time)s 32 r (dynamics)s 33 r (using)s 33 r (system)s 33 r (iden)s -1 r (ti\014cation,")s 32 r (submitted)s 33 r (to)s f19 SF 34 r (the)s 34 r (Se)s -3 r (c)s -4 r (ond)s 663 4793 p (IFIP-TC6)s 27 r (Networking)s 28 r (Confer)s -3 r (enc)s -4 r (e)s 26 r (\(NETWORKING)s 28 r (2002\))s f10 SF (,)s 25 r (No)s -1 r (v.)s 25 r (2001.)s EP %%Trailer %%Pages: 13 end userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if %%EOF