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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI8
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI8 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:54
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI8) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI8 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 11 /alpha put
dup 28 /tau put
dup 59 /comma put
dup 66 /B put
dup 78 /N put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-24 -250 1110 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087383 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMR9
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR9 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:59
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMR9) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMR9 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 1 /Delta put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-39 -250 1036 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000792 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMR6
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR6 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:02
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMR6) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMR6 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 48 /zero put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-20 -250 1193 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000789 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI6
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI6 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:52
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI6) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI6 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 104 /h put
dup 112 /p put
dup 113 /q put
dup 116 /t put
readonly def
/FontBBox{11 -250 1241 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087381 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI9
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI9 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:55
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI9) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI9 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 11 /alpha put
dup 70 /F put
dup 76 /L put
dup 78 /N put
dup 97 /a put
dup 105 /i put
dup 109 /m put
dup 110 /n put
dup 119 /w put
dup 120 /x put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-29 -250 1075 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087384 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI7
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI7 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:53
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI7) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI7 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 78 /N put
dup 107 /k put
dup 108 /l put
dup 109 /m put
dup 114 /r put
readonly def
/FontBBox{0 -250 1171 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087382 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMR7
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR7 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:21
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMR7) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMR7 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 48 /zero put
dup 49 /one put
dup 50 /two put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-27 -250 1122 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000790 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMEX10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMEX10 1.00
%%CreationDate: 1992 Jul 23 21:22:48
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.00) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMEX10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMEX10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 18 /parenleftbigg put
dup 19 /parenrightbigg put
dup 26 /braceleftbigg put
dup 32 /parenleftBigg put
dup 33 /parenrightBigg put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-24 -2960 1454 772}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000774 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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FB4198499799CECCC8AA5D255264784CD30A3E8295888EFBC2060ADDD7BAC45A
EEEECDFF7A47A88E69D84C9E572616C1AC69A34B5F0D0DE8EE4EDF9F4ADE0387
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMR10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR10 1.00B
%%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:54:52
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.00B) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMR10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMR10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 1 /Delta put
dup 40 /parenleft put
dup 41 /parenright put
dup 43 /plus put
dup 48 /zero put
dup 49 /one put
dup 50 /two put
dup 51 /three put
dup 52 /four put
dup 53 /five put
dup 54 /six put
dup 55 /seven put
dup 56 /eight put
dup 58 /colon put
dup 61 /equal put
dup 91 /bracketleft put
dup 93 /bracketright put
dup 105 /i put
dup 109 /m put
dup 110 /n put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-251 -250 1009 969}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000793 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMSY10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY10 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:20:57
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMSY10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.035 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMSY10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
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dup 0 /minus put
dup 2 /multiply put
dup 32 /arrowleft put
dup 33 /arrowright put
dup 39 /similarequal put
dup 112 /radical put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-29 -960 1116 775}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000820 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI10 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:57
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
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0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 11 /alpha put
dup 23 /nu put
dup 24 /xi put
dup 28 /tau put
dup 59 /comma put
dup 60 /less put
dup 61 /slash put
dup 62 /greater put
dup 66 /B put
dup 70 /F put
dup 71 /G put
dup 76 /L put
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dup 112 /p put
dup 114 /r put
dup 116 /t put
dup 120 /x put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-32 -250 1048 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087385 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMSY6
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY6 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:21:34
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
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/FullName (CMSY6) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
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0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
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readonly def
/FontBBox{-4 -948 1329 786}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000816 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMSY7
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY7 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:21:52
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMSY7) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.035 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMSY7 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /minus put
dup 3 /asteriskmath put
dup 121 /dagger put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-15 -951 1252 782}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000817 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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      0 29 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (transfer) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (transfer) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      630 50 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (parallelism) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (parallelism) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      220 250 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (TCP socket) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (TCP socket) SH
      GR
      0 29 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (buffer size) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (buffer size) SH
      GR
   GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 740 200 M 780 200 L 780 250 L 740 250 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 780 200 M 820 200 L 820 250 L 780 250 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 780 200 M 820 200 L 820 250 L 780 250 L CP EC NP
   pat5 8 776 192 48 64 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 780 200 M 820 200 L 820 250 L 780 250 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 630 100 M 640 100 L 640 110 L 630 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 630 100 M 640 100 L 640 110 L 630 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 640 100 M 650 100 L 650 110 L 640 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 640 100 M 650 100 L 650 110 L 640 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 650 100 M 660 100 L 660 110 L 650 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 650 100 M 660 100 L 660 110 L 650 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 660 100 M 670 100 L 670 110 L 660 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 660 100 M 670 100 L 670 110 L 660 110 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 656 96 16 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 660 100 M 670 100 L 670 110 L 660 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 670 100 M 680 100 L 680 110 L 670 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 670 100 M 680 100 L 680 110 L 670 110 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 664 96 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 670 100 M 680 100 L 680 110 L 670 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 680 100 M 690 100 L 690 110 L 680 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 680 100 M 690 100 L 690 110 L 680 110 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 672 96 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 680 100 M 690 100 L 690 110 L 680 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 630 120 M 640 120 L 640 130 L 630 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 630 120 M 640 120 L 640 130 L 630 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 640 120 M 650 120 L 650 130 L 640 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 640 120 M 650 120 L 650 130 L 640 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 650 120 M 660 120 L 660 130 L 650 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 650 120 M 660 120 L 660 130 L 650 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 660 120 M 670 120 L 670 130 L 660 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 660 120 M 670 120 L 670 130 L 660 130 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 656 112 16 24 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 660 120 M 670 120 L 670 130 L 660 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 670 120 M 680 120 L 680 130 L 670 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 670 120 M 680 120 L 680 130 L 670 130 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 664 112 24 24 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 670 120 M 680 120 L 680 130 L 670 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 680 120 M 690 120 L 690 130 L 680 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 680 120 M 690 120 L 690 130 L 680 130 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 672 112 24 24 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 680 120 M 690 120 L 690 130 L 680 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 630 140 M 640 140 L 640 150 L 630 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 630 140 M 640 140 L 640 150 L 630 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 640 140 M 650 140 L 650 150 L 640 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 640 140 M 650 140 L 650 150 L 640 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 650 140 M 660 140 L 660 150 L 650 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 650 140 M 660 140 L 660 150 L 650 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 660 140 M 670 140 L 670 150 L 660 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 660 140 M 670 140 L 670 150 L 660 150 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 656 136 16 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 660 140 M 670 140 L 670 150 L 660 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 670 140 M 680 140 L 680 150 L 670 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 670 140 M 680 140 L 680 150 L 670 150 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 664 136 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 670 140 M 680 140 L 680 150 L 670 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 680 140 M 690 140 L 690 150 L 680 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 680 140 M 690 140 L 690 150 L 680 150 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 672 136 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 680 140 M 690 140 L 690 150 L 680 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 240 100 M 250 100 L 250 110 L 240 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 240 100 M 250 100 L 250 110 L 240 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 250 100 M 260 100 L 260 110 L 250 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 250 100 M 260 100 L 260 110 L 250 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 260 100 M 270 100 L 270 110 L 260 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 260 100 M 270 100 L 270 110 L 260 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 270 100 M 280 100 L 280 110 L 270 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 270 100 M 280 100 L 280 110 L 270 110 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 264 96 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 270 100 M 280 100 L 280 110 L 270 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 280 100 M 290 100 L 290 110 L 280 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 280 100 M 290 100 L 290 110 L 280 110 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 272 96 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 280 100 M 290 100 L 290 110 L 280 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 290 100 M 300 100 L 300 110 L 290 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 290 100 M 300 100 L 300 110 L 290 110 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 288 96 16 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 290 100 M 300 100 L 300 110 L 290 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 240 120 M 250 120 L 250 130 L 240 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 240 120 M 250 120 L 250 130 L 240 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 250 120 M 260 120 L 260 130 L 250 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 250 120 M 260 120 L 260 130 L 250 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 260 120 M 270 120 L 270 130 L 260 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 260 120 M 270 120 L 270 130 L 260 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 270 120 M 280 120 L 280 130 L 270 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 270 120 M 280 120 L 280 130 L 270 130 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 264 112 24 24 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 270 120 M 280 120 L 280 130 L 270 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 280 120 M 290 120 L 290 130 L 280 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 280 120 M 290 120 L 290 130 L 280 130 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 272 112 24 24 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 280 120 M 290 120 L 290 130 L 280 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 290 120 M 300 120 L 300 130 L 290 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 290 120 M 300 120 L 300 130 L 290 130 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 288 112 16 24 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 290 120 M 300 120 L 300 130 L 290 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 240 140 M 250 140 L 250 150 L 240 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 240 140 M 250 140 L 250 150 L 240 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 250 140 M 260 140 L 260 150 L 250 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 250 140 M 260 140 L 260 150 L 250 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 260 140 M 270 140 L 270 150 L 260 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 260 140 M 270 140 L 270 150 L 260 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 270 140 M 280 140 L 280 150 L 270 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 270 140 M 280 140 L 280 150 L 270 150 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 264 136 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 270 140 M 280 140 L 280 150 L 270 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 280 140 M 290 140 L 290 150 L 280 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 280 140 M 290 140 L 290 150 L 280 150 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 272 136 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 280 140 M 290 140 L 290 150 L 280 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 290 140 M 300 140 L 300 150 L 290 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 290 140 M 300 140 L 300 150 L 290 150 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 288 136 16 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 290 140 M 300 140 L 300 150 L 290 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 240 160 M 250 160 L 250 170 L 240 170 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 240 160 M 250 160 L 250 170 L 240 170 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 250 160 M 260 160 L 260 170 L 250 170 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 250 160 M 260 160 L 260 170 L 250 170 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 260 160 M 270 160 L 270 170 L 260 170 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 260 160 M 270 160 L 270 170 L 260 170 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 270 160 M 280 160 L 280 170 L 270 170 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 270 160 M 280 160 L 280 170 L 270 170 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 264 152 24 24 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 270 160 M 280 160 L 280 170 L 270 170 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 280 160 M 290 160 L 290 170 L 280 170 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 280 160 M 290 160 L 290 170 L 280 170 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 272 152 24 24 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 280 160 M 290 160 L 290 170 L 280 170 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 290 160 M 300 160 L 300 170 L 290 170 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 290 160 M 300 160 L 300 170 L 290 170 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 288 152 16 24 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 290 160 M 300 160 L 300 170 L 290 170 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 240 180 M 250 180 L 250 190 L 240 190 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 240 180 M 250 180 L 250 190 L 240 190 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 250 180 M 260 180 L 260 190 L 250 190 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 250 180 M 260 180 L 260 190 L 250 190 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 260 180 M 270 180 L 270 190 L 260 190 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 260 180 M 270 180 L 270 190 L 260 190 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 270 180 M 280 180 L 280 190 L 270 190 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 270 180 M 280 180 L 280 190 L 270 190 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 264 176 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 270 180 M 280 180 L 280 190 L 270 190 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 280 180 M 290 180 L 290 190 L 280 190 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 280 180 M 290 180 L 290 190 L 280 190 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 272 176 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 280 180 M 290 180 L 290 190 L 280 190 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 290 180 M 300 180 L 300 190 L 290 190 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 290 180 M 300 180 L 300 190 L 290 190 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 288 176 16 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 290 180 M 300 180 L 300 190 L 290 190 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% ARC
0 SG
GS
   GS
      NP
         467 135 45 45 -86 86 TGAN
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 740 460 M 780 460 L 780 510 L 740 510 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 740 460 M 780 460 L 780 510 L 740 510 L CP EC NP
   pat5 8 736 456 48 56 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 740 460 M 780 460 L 780 510 L 740 510 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 780 460 M 820 460 L 820 510 L 780 510 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      590 70 M
      30 -80 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 510 exch SU
      exch sin 8.000 MU 100 exch SU L
   TGSM
   1 W
   S
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      510 100 8.000 3.000 -80 30 TGAT
   1 SG CP F
   0 SG
   NP
      510 100 8.000 3.000 -80 30 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      660 280 M
      -120 0 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 660 exch SU
      exch sin 8.000 MU 160 exch SU L
   TGSM
   1 W
   S
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      660 160 8.000 3.000 0 -120 TGAT
   1 SG CP F
   0 SG
   NP
      660 160 8.000 3.000 0 -120 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      270 390 M
      -180 70 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 340 exch SU
      exch sin 8.000 MU 210 exch SU L
   TGSM
   1 W
   S
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      340 210 8.000 3.000 70 -180 TGAT
   1 SG CP F
   0 SG
   NP
      340 210 8.000 3.000 70 -180 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      240 210 M
      0 60 atan DU cos 8.000 MU exch sin 8.000 MU RM
      0 60 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 300 exch SU
      exch sin 8.000 MU 210 exch SU L
   TGSM
   1 W
   S
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      240 210 8.000 3.000 -60 0 TGAT
   1 SG CP F
   0 SG
   NP
      240 210 8.000 3.000 -60 0 TGAT
   CP F
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      300 210 8.000 3.000 60 0 TGAT
   1 SG CP F
   0 SG
   NP
      300 210 8.000 3.000 60 0 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      780 280 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (file) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (file) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      780 540 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (file) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (file) SH
      GR
   GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      660 520 M
      -30 70 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 730 exch SU
      exch sin 8.000 MU 490 exch SU L
   TGSM
   1 W
   S
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      730 490 8.000 3.000 70 -30 TGAT
   1 SG CP F
   0 SG
   NP
      730 490 8.000 3.000 70 -30 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      480 500 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (Grid network) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (Grid network) SH
      GR
   GR

GR
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%%Trailer
%MatchingCreationDate: Wed Jun 29 20:52:16 2005
%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica
%%EOF

%%EndDocument
@endspecial FA 2631 1573 a(Fig.) 12 b(1:) 21 b(P) o(arall) r(el) d
(data) g(transfer) g(in) f(GridFTP) p Fr 2170 1842 a(sock) o(et) 28
b(b) n(uf) n(fer) f(size) i(as) g(that) f(of) g(a) h(single) f(TCP) h
(connec) n(tion.) 49 b(\(3\)) 2170 1939 y(By) 21 b(aggre) o(g) n(ating)
f(multiple) g(TCP) i(con) n(nections,) e(ramp-u) n(p) h(time) g(of) 2170
2037 y(the) e(transfer) f(rate) h(in) g(the) g(TCP) h(slo) n(w-start) f
(phase) f(is) i(shorten) n(ed.) 25 b(In) 2170 2134 y(the) g(slo) n
(w-start) g(pha) n(se,) i(the) e(con) n(gestion) g(windo) l(w) g(doub) n
(les) h(e) n(v) o(ery) 2170 2231 y(roun) n(d-trip) 21
b(time.) 29 b(F) o(or) 21 b(this) i(reason) n(,) f(throug) n(h) g(the) g
(agg) n(re) o(gatio) n(n) g(of) p Fm 2170 2329 a(N) p
Fr 36 w(TCP) 28 b(con) n(nections) e(the) h(speed) f(of) h(the) g
(transfe) n(r) g(rate) g(increase) 2170 2426 y(becom) n(es) p
Fm 21 w(N) p Fr 30 w(times) 20 b(as) h(f) o(ast) g(as) g(that) f(of) g
(a) h(TCP) g(conn) n(ection.) 2335 2524 y(On) 33 b(the) f(contr) n(ary)
-5 b(,) 34 b(the) f(thro) n(ughp) n(ut) g(dro) n(ps) g(if) f(the) g
(numbe) n(r) 2170 2621 y(of) 23 b(aggre) o(g) n(ate) g(TCP) h(connec) n
(tions,) p Fm 24 w(N) p Fr 9 w(,) h(beco) n(mes) f(too) f(lar) o(ge) f
(since) 2170 2719 y(this) 33 b(may) e(cause) i(the) f(follo) n(w) n
(ing) g(situations:) 49 b(\(1\)) 32 b(The) g(windo) l(w) 2170
2816 y(size) 25 b(per) e(TCP) i(conn) n(ection) f(becom) n(es) h
(smaller) m(,) f(so) h(TCP) f(timeout) 2170 2914 y(w) o(ould) h(freque)
n(ntly) h(occur) -5 b(.) 42 b(\(2\)) 26 b(The) f(o) o(v) o(erh) n(ead) h
(requ) n(ired) g(for) g(the) 2170 3011 y(serv) o(er) 16
b(to) h(pro) n(cess) h(TCP) g(pro) n(tocol) f(stack) g(w) o(ould) f
(incre) n(ase.) 25 b(There) n(-) 2170 3108 y(fore,) 19
b(the) h(optim) n(al) h(num) n(ber) e(of) h(TCP) g(connectio) n(ns,) p
Fm 20 w(N) p Fr 9 w(,) g(should) f(be) 2170 3206 y(determin) n(ed) j
(based) f(on) h(the) g(netw) o(ork) e(status.) 31 b(Ne) n(v) o(erth) n
(eless,) 23 b(ho) n(w) 2170 3303 y(to) h(optimize) f(the) h(numb) n(er)
g(of) g(parallel) f(TCP) i(conn) n(ections,) p Fm 25
w(N) p Fr 9 w(,) g(in) 2170 3401 y(GridFTP) e(has) h(not) g(suf) n
(\002cien) n(tly) g(been) f(studied) g(and) g(still) i(remains) 2170
3498 y(as) c(an) f(open) f(issue.) p Fx 2170 3695 a(3.) 82
b(A) l(utomatic) 14 b(P) o(arallelism) i(T) -8 b(uning) 16
b(Mechanism) g(f) n(or) f(GridFTP) p Fr 2170 3891 a(3.1) 82
b(Design) 20 b(Principles) 2170 4087 y(First,) j(we) f(e) o(xp) n(lain)
g(the) g(basic) f(principle) n(s) i(for) e(designin) n(g) h(an) f
(auto-) 2170 4185 y(matic) f(parallelism) g(tuning) f(mechan) n(ism) i
(for) e(GridFTP) -9 b(.) 2335 4282 y(It) 21 b(is) h(e) o(xtrem) n(ely) f
(impor) n(tant) g(to) g(pro) m(vide) f(compatib) n(ility) h(with) 2170
4380 y(e) o(xisting) 28 b(GridFTP) g(serv) o(ers) g(in) h(design) n
(ing) g(an) f(automa) n(tic) h(paral-) 2170 4477 y(lelism) i(tuning) e
(mechan) n(ism) i(for) f(GridFTP) -9 b(.) 30 b(GridFTP) g(is) h(imple-)
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   245 143 L
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   484 127 L
CP
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   542 125 L
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   591 128 L
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CP
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GS
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@endspecial 17 1633 a(Fig.) e(2:) 21 b(Example) d(of) f(GridFTP-APT) f
(opera) r(tion) i(when) f(searc) r(hing) g(for) g(a) g(brac) r(k) o(et)
198 2999 y @beginspecial 30 @llx 540 @lly 340 @urx 765
@ury 1942 @rwi @setspecial
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GS
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      542 376 M
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% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
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GS
   NP
      591 376 M
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   TGSM
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GR

% TEXT
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GS
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GR
   GS
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        GS
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            /Helvetica FF [25 0 0 -25 0 0] MS
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        GR
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% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
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        GS
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        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
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            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
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% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      146 289 M
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      196 200 L
      245 151 L
      295 118 L
      344 108 L
      393 103 L
      443 114 L
      492 127 L
      542 133 L
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   TGSM
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GR

% POLYGON/CLOSED-SPLINE
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NP
   146 297 M
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   146 281 L
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CP
GS
   EF
GR
GS
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GR

% POLYGON/CLOSED-SPLINE
0 SG
NP
   196 208 M
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   196 192 L
   188 200 L
CP
GS
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GR
GS
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GR

% POLYGON/CLOSED-SPLINE
0 SG
NP
   245 159 M
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@endspecial 0 3162 a(Fig.) 11 b(3:) 20 b(Example) 14
b(of) h(GridFTP-APT) e(opera) r(tion) i(when) g(searchi) r(ng) f(for) g
(the) h(optima) r(l) 187 3242 y(number) i(of) g(TCP) f(conn) r(ectio) r
(ns) p Fr 165 3503 a(GridFTP-APT) 21 b(searches) f(for) h(a) g(brack) o
(et) f(\(i.e.,) h(the) g(rang) n(e) h(of) 0 3600 y(the) k(numb) n(er) g
(of) g(parallel) g(TCP) g(connectio) n(ns) h(co) o(v) m(ering) e(the) h
(opti-) 0 3697 y(mal) 32 b(v) n(alue) n(\).) 60 b(First,) 35
b(GridFTP-APT) c(initialize) h(the) f(numbe) n(r) p Fm
32 w(N) p Fr 0 3795 a(of) i(parallel) g(TCP) h(conn) n(ections) f(to) p
Fm 34 w(N) p Fi 1168 3807 a(0) p Fr 1238 3795 a(\(=) h(1\).) 63
b(GridFTP-APT) 0 3892 y(multiplicati) n(v) m(ely) 25
b(increases) h(the) f(numb) n(er) g(of) h(para) n(llel) g(TCP) h(con) n
(-) 0 3990 y(nection) n(s) i(as) g(1) p Fl 28 w(!) p
Fr 28 w(2) p Fl 28 w(!) p Fr 29 w(4) p Fl 28 w(!) p Fr
28 w(8) f(at) h(e) n(v) o(er) n(y) f(chunk) f(transfer) g(until) 0
4087 y(the) 22 b(GridFTP) f(goo) n(dput) g(starts) i(to) e(decrease.) 29
b(Since) 21 b(the) h(GridFTP) 0 4185 y(good) n(put) 17
b(decreases) g(when) g(the) h(num) n(ber) p Fm 17 w(N) p
Fr 27 w(of) f(parallel) g(TCP) i(con) n(-) 0 4282 y(nection) n(s) k
(chang) n(es) g(as) g(4) p Fl 22 w(!) p Fr 22 w(8,) g(the) f(brac) n(k)
o(et) h(is) f(determine) n(d) g(as) h(\(2,) 0 4380 y(4,) d(8\).) 165
4477 y(Ne) o(xt,) k(Fig.) f(3) h(sho) n(ws) f(an) h(e) o(xam) n(ple) g
(ope) n(ration) f(of) g(GridFTP-) 0 4574 y(APT) 17 b(when) e(searching)
g(for) g(the) i(optim) n(al) g(numb) n(er) f(of) g(parallel) g(TCP) 0
4672 y(conn) n(ections.) 35 b(In) 23 b(Fig.) g(3,) h(the) g(num) n(ber)
p Fm 23 w(k) p Fr 27 w(on) f(an) g(arro) n(w) g(indicates) 0
4769 y(that) d(the) g(brack) o(et) g(is) h(chang) n(ed) f(at) p
Fm 21 w(k) p Fr 3 w(-th) g(chun) n(k) g(transfer) -5
b(.) 165 4867 y(The) 27 b(GSS) h(algorith) n(m) g(is) g(applied) e(to) h
(the) h(brac) n(k) o(et) g(\(2,) g(4,) h(8\)) 0 4964
y(durin) n(g) 18 b(chun) n(k) g(transfe) n(rs,) h(and) d(the) i(num) n
(ber) f(of) g(parallel) g(TCP) i(con) n(-) 0 5062 y(nection) n(s) 28
b(is) f(adjusted) f(for) g(maxim) n(izing) g(the) h(GridFTP) f(good) n
(put.) 0 5159 y(Since) j(the) g(brac) n(k) o(et) g(is) h(\(2,) g(4,) h
(8\),) f(the) f(numb) n(er) g(of) g(para) n(llel) h(TCP) 0
5256 y(conn) n(ections) e(at) h(the) f(5-th) g(chun) n(k) h(transfe) n
(r) p Fm 29 w(N) p Fr 37 w(is) h(determ) n(ined) e(as) p
Fm 0 5354 a(N) p Fk 54 w(=) 44 b(6) p Fr 32 w(from) 31
b(Eq.) h(\(3\)) n(.) 61 b(The) 32 b(GridFTP) g(goo) n(dput) f(in) h
(the) g(5-th) 0 5451 y(chun) n(k) 22 b(transfer) f(is) p
Fm 23 w(G) p Fk(\(6\)) p Fr(,) i(and) e(since) p Fm 22
w(G) p Fk(\(4\)) p Fm 26 w(<) 26 b(G) p Fk(\(6\)) p Fr
22 w(is) d(satis\002ed,) 0 5549 y(the) c(brack) m(et) h(is) g(upd) n
(ated) f(as) h(\(4,) e(6,) h(8\)) g(from) f(Eq.) g(\(4\).) 24
b(Hereafter) -5 b(,) 19 b(in) 0 5646 y(a) e(similar) g(w) o(ay) -5
b(,) 17 b(GridFTP-APT) g(chan) n(ges) g(the) g(numb) n(er) g(of) g
(parallel) 0 5744 y(TCP) 22 b(conn) n(ections) p Fm 21
w(N) p Fr 30 w(as) g(6) p Fl 20 w(!) p Fr 22 w(7) p Fl
21 w(!) p Fr 21 w(5,) f(and) g(upd) n(ates) h(the) f(brac) n(k) o(et) 0
5841 y(as) c(\(4,) g(6,) g(8) g(\)) p Fl 16 w(!) p Fr
17 w(\(4,) g(6,) g(7\)) p Fl 16 w(!) p Fr 17 w(\(5,) g(6,) g(7\).) 24
b(Finally) -5 b(,) 16 b(when) g(the) h(brac) n(k) o(et) 2339
712 y @beginspecial 4 @llx 683 @lly 586 @urx 829 @ury
1992 @rwi @setspecial
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      NP 910 47 M 920 47 L 920 87 L 910 87 L CP
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   GR
GR

% BOX
1 SG
NP 920 47 M 930 47 L 930 87 L 920 87 L CP F
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 920 47 M 930 47 L 930 87 L 920 87 L CP
      1.000 W
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 920 47 M 930 47 L 930 87 L 920 87 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 920 47 M 930 47 L 930 87 L 920 87 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 912 40 24 56 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 920 47 M 930 47 L 930 87 L 920 87 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
1 SG
NP 930 47 M 940 47 L 940 87 L 930 87 L CP F
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 930 47 M 940 47 L 940 87 L 930 87 L CP
      1.000 W
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 930 47 M 940 47 L 940 87 L 930 87 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 930 47 M 940 47 L 940 87 L 930 87 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 928 40 16 56 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
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% BOX
1 SG
NP 940 47 M 950 47 L 950 87 L 940 87 L CP F
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 940 47 M 950 47 L 950 87 L 940 87 L CP
      1.000 W
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   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
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   NP 940 47 M 950 47 L 950 87 L 940 87 L CP 1 SG F
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   NP 940 47 M 950 47 L 950 87 L 940 87 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 936 40 16 56 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 940 47 M 950 47 L 950 87 L 940 87 L CP
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   GR
GR

% BOX
1 SG
NP 950 47 M 960 47 L 960 87 L 950 87 L CP F
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 950 47 M 960 47 L 960 87 L 950 87 L CP
      1.000 W
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   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 950 47 M 960 47 L 960 87 L 950 87 L CP 1 SG F
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GR
GS
   10 SM
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      NP 950 47 M 960 47 L 960 87 L 950 87 L CP
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   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 485 47 M 494 47 L 494 87 L 485 87 L CP 1 SG F
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   pat7 8 480 40 16 56 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 485 47 M 494 47 L 494 87 L 485 87 L CP
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   GR
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
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      0 -310 atan DU cos 18.000 MU 530 exch SU
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   TGSM
   5 W
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GR
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% TEXT
NP
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      GS
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        AD
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      GR
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% TEXT
NP
0 SG
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        AD
        GR
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% TEXT
NP
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2170 1330 2002 4 v Fp 2194 1388 a(bottleneck) i(link) f(bandwidth) 771
b(100) 48 b([Mbit/s]) 2194 1470 y(propagation) 20 b(delay) f(of) g(the)
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a(0.002) 2194 1966 y(TCP) f(sock) o(e) r(t) h(b) o(uf) n(fer) h(size)
909 b(64) 48 b([Kbyte]) 2194 2049 y(TCP) 17 b(pack) o(e) r(t) h(size)
1010 b(1,500) 48 b([byte]) 2194 2132 y(initial) 18 b(number) i(of) f
(parallel) f(TCP) g(conne) r(ctions) p Fg 19 w(N) p Fe
3550 2140 a(0) p Fp 3819 2132 a(2) 2194 2214 y(GridFTP) n(-APT) g
(control) h(parameter) p Fg 20 w(\013) p Fp 578 w(2) 2194
2297 y(tar) o(get) f(v) n(alue) i(of) f(chunk) h(transfer) f(time) p
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b(size) h(transfered) g(using) h(GridFTP) p Fg 17 w(F) p
Fp 358 w(1,) f(5,) f(10) 48 b([Gbyte]) p Fr 2170 2692
a(is) 22 b(\(5,) f(6,) h(7\),) f(the) g(numb) n(er) h(of) f(parallel) f
(TCP) j(con) n(nections) e(is) h(\002x) o(ed) 2170 2790
y(at) p Fm 21 w(N) p Fk 32 w(=) g(6) p Fr(,) e(which) g(maximiz) n(es) h
(the) g(GridFTP) f(goo) n(dput.) p Fx 2170 2992 a(4.) 82
b(Simulation) p Fr 2170 3195 a(In) 25 b(this) h(section,) h(we) f(quan)
n(titati) n(v) o(ely) f(e) n(v) n(aluate) g(the) g(ef) n(fecti) n(v) o
(e) n(ness) 2170 3292 y(of) 20 b(GridFTP-APT) f(throug) n(h) h
(simulations.) 2170 3495 y(4.1) 82 b(GridFTP-APT) 19
b(Operation) 2170 3697 y(First,) 41 b(we) 36 b(e) o(xam) n(ine) g(the) g
(e) n(v) n(olution) f(of) h(the) g(num) n(ber) g(of) f(paral-) 2170
3795 y(lel) 25 b(TCP) h(con) n(nections) e(and) g(the) h(GridFTP) f
(good) n(put) g(when) g(using) 2170 3892 y(GridFTP-APT) i(for) g(demon)
n(strating) g(the) h(GridFTP-APT) f(opera) n(-) 2170
3990 y(tion.) 2335 4087 y(Figure) c(4) h(sho) n(ws) f(the) g(netw) o
(ork) g(mod) n(el) h(used) f(in) h(simulation) n(.) 2170
4185 y(In) d(this) g(netw) o(ork) f(mode) n(l,) i(a) f(GridFTP) g(serv)
o(er) f(and) h(client) g(are) g(con) n(-) 2170 4282 y(nected) 27
b(via) h(tw) o(o) g(RED) g(routers.) 47 b(W) -7 b(e) 29
b(mainly) e(use) h(RED) h(rou) n(ters) 2170 4380 y(for) 34
b(its) i(ef) n(fecti) n(v) m(eness) f([18]) n(.) 70 b(Perfo) n(rmance)
34 b(of) g(GridFTP-APT) 2170 4477 y(with) f(Drop) n(T) -7
b(ail) 33 b(router) n(s) h(will) f(be) f(in) m(v) o(e) n(stigated) g
(in) h(Section) f(4.6) n(.) 2170 4574 y(F) o(or) 21 b(pre) n(v) o(e) n
(nting) g(global) g(synchro) n(nization) g([5],) g(establishment) g(of)
2170 4672 y(each) 29 b(TCP) i(conn) n(ection) f(is) g(rando) n(mly) g
(delayed) e(between) h(0) h(and) 2170 4769 y(0.1) h([s].) 61
b(Note) 31 b(that) h(the) g(timing) g(of) f(establishment) g(of) h
(parallel) 2170 4867 y(TCP) e(conn) n(ections) f(is) h(not) f
(speci\002ed) g(in) g(the) g(GridFTP) g(protoco) n(l) 2170
4964 y(b) n(ut) 20 b(implemen) n(tation) g(depen) n(dent.) 2335
5062 y(Data) 40 b(transfer) f(w) o(as) h(contin) n(uously) f(perf) n
(ormed) f(from) h(the) 2170 5159 y(GridFTP) j(serv) o(er) f(to) i(the) f
(GridFTP) g(client) h(with) f(TCP) h(Reno.) 2170 5256
y(Moreo) m(v) o(er) m(,) 26 b(for) f(clarifyin) n(g) h(the) g(fun) n
(damental) f(charac) n(teristics) i(of) 2170 5354 y(GridFTP-APT) -6
b(,) 19 b(we) i(\002rst) g(perfor) n(med) f(simulation) g(without) g
(back) n(-) 2170 5451 y(grou) n(nd) 25 b(traf) n(\002c.) 40
b(ns-2) 25 b(simulator) f([19]) g(with) i(our) e(GridFTP-APT) 2170
5549 y(implemen) n(tation) d(w) o(as) h(used) f(for) f(simulation.) 27
b(T) -7 b(able) 21 b(1) g(sho) n(ws) h(the) 2170 5646
y(parame) n(ter) j(con\002g) n(uration) f(used) g(in) g(simulation.) 37
b(Unless) 25 b(e) o(xp) n(lic-) 2170 5744 y(itly) h(stated,) h
(parameter) n(s) g(sho) n(wn) e(in) h(T) -7 b(ab) m(.) 25
b(1) h(are) g(used) f(in) h(the) g(fol-) 2170 5841 y(lo) n(wing) 19
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@endspecial FA 2 1591 a(Fig.) d(5:) 22 b(The) 17 b(number) g(of) g(TCP)
f(conn) r(ectio) r(ns) g(in) i(GridFTP-APT) e(for) p
Fc 17 w(\034) p Fb 28 w(=) j(10) p FA 17 w([ms]) p Fr
165 1944 a(The) 27 b(e) n(v) n(olutio) n(n) g(of) g(the) g(num) n(ber) g
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2138 y(bottlene) n(ck) 35 b(link) g(is) h(10) e([ms]) h(is) h(sho) n
(wn) e(in) h(Fig.) g(5.) 69 b(This) 35 b(\002g-) 0 2236
y(ure) k(sho) n(ws) h(that) g(the) g(numb) n(er) g(of) g(para) n(llel) h
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Fr 35 w(at) 35 b(appro) n(ximately) p Fm 0 2431 a(t) p
Fk 48 w(=) 47 b(21) p Fr 33 w([s].) 64 b(In) 34 b(this) g(case,) i(the)
e(brack) m(et) g(w) o(as) h(determ) n(ined) e(at) 0 2528
y(appro) n(ximately) p Fm 28 w(t) p Fk 39 w(=) 39 b(13) p
Fr 29 w([s].) 51 b(After) 29 b(app) n(roximately) f(8) h([s],) i(the) 0
2626 y(numb) n(er) 20 b(of) g(parallel) g(TCP) h(conn) n(ections) f(w) o
(as) h(optimized.) 165 2723 y(The) g(e) n(v) n(olutio) n(n) h(of) e
(good) n(put) h(in) g(GridFTP-APT) g(in) g(this) g(sce-) 0
2820 y(nario) c(is) h(sho) n(wn) f(in) g(Fig.) h(6.) 24
b(F) o(or) 17 b(comp) n(arison) g(purpo) n(ses,) i(GridFTP) 0
2918 y(good) n(put) 31 b(in) h(steady) f(state) h(when) f(\002xing) g
(the) h(num) n(ber) f(of) g(paral-) 0 3015 y(lel) i(TCP) g(con) n
(nections) f(at) g(1,) j(4,) g(8,) g(12,) g(and) c(16) h(are) g(also) g
(plot-) 0 3113 y(ted) i(in) h(the) f(\002gure.) 67 b(Also,) 37
b(FTP) e(good) n(put) f(with) h(a) g(suf) n(\002cien) n(tly) 0
3210 y(lar) o(ge) 29 b(sock) o(et) h(b) n(uf) n(f) n(er) g(\(i.e.,) i
(10) d([Mbyte) n(]\)) h(is) h(plotted) e(in) h(the) g(\002g-) 0
3308 y(ure.) 51 b(First,) 32 b(one) c(can) h(\002nd) g(that) g(the) g
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(ut) h(con) m(v) m(er) o(ges) f(to) 0 3892 y(97) 21 b([Mbit/s].) 30
b(Note) 22 b(that,) g(since) g(the) g(b) n(uf) n(f) n(er) g(size) h(of)
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y(mance) 19 b(than) h(the) g(original) f(FTP) i(and) f(GridFTP) -9
b(.) 165 4672 y(Ev) n(olution) n(s) 24 b(of) f(the) g(numbe) n(r) h(of)
f(parallel) f(TCP) i(connectio) n(ns) 0 4769 y(and) 32
b(the) h(GridFTP) f(good) n(put) h(when) f(the) g(propa) n(gation) g
(delay) g(of) 0 4867 y(the) c(bottleneck) f(link) h(is) h(20) f([ms]) g
(are) g(sho) n(wn) g(in) g(Figs.) h(7) f(and) g(8,) 0
4964 y(respecti) n(v) o(e) n(ly) -5 b(.) 165 5062 y(Figure) 27
b(7) h(sho) n(ws) g(that) g(the) f(numbe) n(r) h(of) g(parallel) f(TCP)
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b(25) p Fr 25 w([s].) 40 b(Although) 0 5256 y(the) 16
b(prop) n(agation) f(delay) g(of) h(the) g(bottlenec) n(k) h(link) e
(is) i(lar) o(ger) e(than) h(the) 0 5354 y(pre) n(v) n(ious) 24
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(ections) f(does) g(not) g(becom) n(e) h(lar) o(g) n(er) -5
b(.) 50 b(One) 0 5549 y(can) 29 b(\002nd) g(that) h(the) f(optimal) g
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5646 y(tions) 19 b(is) p Fm 20 w(N) p Fk 32 w(=) j(10) p
Fr(,) d(which) g(is) h(dif) n(f) n(erent) f(from) f(that) h(in) g(the) g
(pre) n(vio) n(us) 0 5744 y(case) i(\() p Fm(N) p Fk
31 w(=) i(6) p Fr(\).) 165 5841 y(Figure) 37 b(8) g(sho) n(ws) g(that) g
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       Bsquare } bind def
/S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def
/D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def
/D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def
/D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def
/D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def
/D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def
/D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def
/D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def
/D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def
/D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def
/D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def
/D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def
/D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def
/D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def
/D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def
/D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def
/D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def
/DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def
/BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def
/TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore } def
/CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def
/Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def
/DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def
/BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def
/TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  Opaque stroke grestore } def
/CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
/BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def
/BoxColFill {
  gsave Rec
  /Fillden exch def
  currentrgbcolor
  /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def
  /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
    PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate
    PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec
    gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip
    currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth
    /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def
    0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
    0 PFa 6 get ne {
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for
    } if
    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
currentdict end definefont pop
/MFshow {
   { dup 5 get 3 ge
     { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse }
     {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont
     [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6
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     get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div
     dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get
     show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop
     pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse }
     ifelse }
   forall} bind def
/MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont
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/MLshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 exch R MFshow } bind def
/MRshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
/MCshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
end
%%EndProlog
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2748 821 M
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2748 681 M
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showpage
%%Trailer
%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica

%%EndDocument
@endspecial FA 2322 1591 a(Fig.) 11 b(6:) 22 b(Ev) o(olution) c(of) f
(goodput) h(in) g(GridFTP-APT) e(for) p Fc 17 w(\034) p
Fb 28 w(=) j(10) p FA 17 w([ms]) 2368 2925 y @beginspecial
50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 1942 @rwi @setspecial
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  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke
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/Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def
/BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
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  hpt 2 mul 0 V
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/DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def
/Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def
/PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath fill grestore } def
/Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def
/CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def
/C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450  arc } bind def
/C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy        moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C13 { BL [] 0 setdash  2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/Rec   { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto
       neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def
/Square { dup Rec } bind def
/Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def
/S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def
/S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
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/S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill
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/S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
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/S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill
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/S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill
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/S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
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/S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def
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/D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def
/D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def
/D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def
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/D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def
/D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def
/D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def
/D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def
/D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def
/D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def
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  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def
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/TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
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  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore } def
/CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def
/Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def
/DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def
/BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def
/TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  Opaque stroke grestore } def
/CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
/BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def
/BoxColFill {
  gsave Rec
  /Fillden exch def
  currentrgbcolor
  /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def
  /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
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    gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip
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@endspecial 2172 3087 a(Fig.) 11 b(7:) 22 b(The) 17 b(number) g(of) g
(TCP) f(conn) r(ectio) r(ns) g(in) i(GridFTP-APT) e(for) p
Fc 17 w(\034) p Fb 28 w(=) j(20) p FA 17 w([ms]) 2368
4421 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury
1942 @rwi @setspecial
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@endspecial 2430 4584 a(Fig.) 11 b(8:) 22 b(Ev) o(olution) c(of) f
(GridFTP) g(goodput) h(for) p Fc 17 w(\034) p Fb 28 w(=) h(20) p
FA 17 w([ms]) p Fr 2170 4867 a(good) n(put) 29 b(by) f(appr) n
(opriately) g(adjusting) g(the) h(num) n(ber) g(of) f(parallel) 2170
4964 y(TCP) 20 b(conne) n(ctions.) 25 b(Note) 19 b(that,) g(in) h(this)
g(simulation) n(,) g(due) f(to) g(small) 2170 5062 y(b) n(uf) n(fe) n
(r) 33 b(of) g(RED) g(router) n(s) h(and) e(a) h(lar) o(ge) f(pro) n
(pagatio) n(n) h(delay) -5 b(,) 35 b(the) 2170 5159 y(maximu) n(m) 19
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5354 y(Namely) -5 b(,) 15 b(this) h(indicates) g(that) f(GridFTP-APT) g
(can) h(utilize) f(the) h(net-) 2170 5451 y(w) o(ork) f(resour) n(ce) h
(quite) f(ef) n(fecti) n(v) o(e) n(ly) h(re) o(ga) n(rdless) g(of) f
(the) h(prop) n(agation) 2170 5549 y(delay) k(of) g(the) g(bottlen) n
(eck) g(link.) 2335 5646 y(Ev) n(olution) n(s) k(of) f(the) g(numbe) n
(r) h(of) f(parallel) f(TCP) j(con) n(nections) 2170
5744 y(and) 30 b(the) g(GridFTP) g(good) n(put) g(when) g(the) g
(bottleneck) f(link) h(band) n(-) 2170 5841 y(width) 17
b(is) h(1,0) n(00) f([Mbit/s]) g(and) f(the) h(propa) n(gation) f
(delay) h(of) f(the) h(bot-) p dyy eop end
%%Page: 7 7
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@endspecial 0 1591 a(Fig.) e(9:) 20 b(Number) 53 b(of) g(TCP) g(connec)
r(tions) h(in) f(GridFTP-APT) g(for) p Fc 53 w(B) p Fb
94 w(=) 187 1671 y(1) p Fc(;) p Fb 11 w(000) p FA 18
w([Mbit/s],) p Fc 18 w(\034) p Fb 27 w(=) 20 b(10) p
FA 17 w([ms]) 198 2990 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly
230 @urx 176 @ury 1942 @rwi @setspecial
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@endspecial 0 3153 a(Fig.) 11 b(10:) 20 b(Ev) o(olution) 28
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42 w(=) 39 b(1) p Fc(;) p Fb 12 w(000) p FA 27 w([Mbit/) r(s],) p
Fc 28 w(\034) p Fb 47 w(=) 220 3233 y(10) p FA 17 w([ms]) p
Fr 0 3499 a(tleneck) 21 b(link) h(is) h(10) f([ms]) g(are) g(sho) n(wn)
f(in) h(Figs.) h(9) f(and) f(10,) h(respec-) 0 3596 y(ti) n(v) o(ely) -5
b(.) 25 b(Figure) 20 b(9) h(sho) n(ws) g(that) g(the) f(numbe) n(r) h
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(GridFTP-APT) g(con) m(v) m(er) o(g) n(es) i(to) p Fm
21 w(N) p Fk 32 w(=) h(64) p Fr 21 w(at) e(appr) n(oxi-) 0
3791 y(mately) p Fm 22 w(t) p Fk 26 w(=) 27 b(38) p Fr
22 w([s].) k(Figure) 21 b(10) h(sho) n(ws) g(that) g(GridFTP-APT) g
(can) 0 3889 y(realize) f(high) g(good) n(put) g(by) h(app) n
(ropriately) e(adjusting) h(the) g(numbe) n(r) 0 3986
y(of) f(parallel) g(TCP) h(conn) n(ections.) 165 4083
y(Note) g(that,) f(since) g(the) g(b) n(uf) n(fer) f(size) i(of) f(RED)
h(rou) n(ters) g(is) g(small) 0 4181 y(\(i.e.,) j(100) f([pack) o(et]) n
(\)) h(in) g(our) f(simulations,) h(the) g(maximu) n(m) g(good) n(-) 0
4278 y(put) i(w) o(as) h(appr) n(oximately) e(910) h([Mbit/s]) g(e) n
(v) o(e) n(n) h(with) f(the) g(optimal) 0 4376 y(numb) n(er) 20
b(of) f(parallel) g(TCP) i(con) n(nections.) j(Namely) -5
b(,) 19 b(this) h(indicates) 0 4473 y(that) d(GridFTP-APT) g(can) g
(utilize) g(the) g(netw) o(ork) f(resource) g(quite) h(ef-) 0
4571 y(fecti) n(v) o(ely) i(e) n(v) o(en) g(when) h(the) g(bottlene) n
(ck) h(link) e(bandwid) n(th) i(is) g(lar) o(g) n(e.) 0
4767 y(4.2) 82 b(Ef) n(fec) n(t) 21 b(of) f(Netw) o(ork) g(Bandwid) n
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32 w(=) h(1,) 0 5354 y(5,) j(10,) g(and) f(20) g([ms]) g(and) p
Fm 24 w(F) p Fr 37 w(=) g(10) g([Gbyte]) g(when) f(changin) n(g) i(the)
0 5451 y(bottlene) n(ck) j(link) g(band) n(width) p Fm
28 w(B) p Fr 4 w(.) 48 b(Figure) 27 b(11) h(clearly) f(illustrates) 0
5549 y(the) g(ef) n(fecti) n(v) m(eness) h(of) e(GridFTP-APT) -5
b(;) 27 b(i.e.,) i(GridFTP-) n(APT) f(can) 0 5646 y(ef) n(\002ciently) g
(utilize) h(the) g(bottlenec) n(k) g(link) g(bandw) n(idth) g(re) o(ga)
n(rdless) 0 5744 y(of) 19 b(the) f(bandwid) n(th) h(and/or) f(prop) n
(agation) g(delay) g(of) g(the) h(bottleneck) 0 5841
y(link.) 28 b(Namely) -5 b(,) 20 b(GridFTP-APT) h(can) g(realize) g
(high) f(throug) n(hput) g(in) 2368 1429 y @beginspecial
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/gnulinewidth 10.000 def
/userlinewidth gnulinewidth def
/vshift -46 def
/dl {10.0 mul} def
/hpt_ 31.5 def
/vpt_ 31.5 def
/hpt hpt_ def
/vpt vpt_ def
/Rounded false def
/M {moveto} bind def
/L {lineto} bind def
/R {rmoveto} bind def
/V {rlineto} bind def
/N {newpath moveto} bind def
/C {setrgbcolor} bind def
/f {rlineto fill} bind def
/vpt2 vpt 2 mul def
/hpt2 hpt 2 mul def
/Lshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 vshift R show } def
/Rshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def
/Cshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def
/UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def
  /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def
/DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash }
 {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def
/BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def
      dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def
/PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def
/LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def
/LT0 { PL [] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash
   gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def
/Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V
  currentpoint stroke M
  hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke
  } def
/Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M
  hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def
/TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def
/BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V  hpt2 0 V  0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V  closepath fill } def
/TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def
/TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def
/DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def
/Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def
/PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath fill grestore } def
/Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def
/CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def
/C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450  arc } bind def
/C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy        moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C13 { BL [] 0 setdash  2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/Rec   { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto
       neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def
/Square { dup Rec } bind def
/Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def
/S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def
/S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill
       exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def
/D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def
/D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def
/D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def
/D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def
/D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def
/D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def
/D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def
/D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def
/D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def
/D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def
/D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def
/D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def
/D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def
/D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def
/D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def
/D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def
/DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def
/BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def
/TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore } def
/CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def
/Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def
/DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def
/BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def
/TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  Opaque stroke grestore } def
/CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
/BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def
/BoxColFill {
  gsave Rec
  /Fillden exch def
  currentrgbcolor
  /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def
  /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
    PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate
    PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec
    gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip
    currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth
    /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def
    0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
    0 PFa 6 get ne {
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for
    } if
    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
currentdict end definefont pop
/MFshow {
   { dup 5 get 3 ge
     { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse }
     {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont
     [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6
     get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq
     {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5
     get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div
     dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get
     show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop
     pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse }
     ifelse }
   forall} bind def
/MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont
     setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def
/MLshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 exch R MFshow } bind def
/MRshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
/MCshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
end
%%EndProlog
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1.000 UP
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1093 629 M
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2795 833 M
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1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT1
1093 623 M
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1.000 UP
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1934 1240 DiaF
2222 1414 DiaF
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2792 1869 DiaF
3077 2095 DiaF
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1.000 UP
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LTb
2711 553 M
[ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (t)]
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2795 553 M
399 0 V
817 420 M
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277 198 V
286 172 V
288 239 V
284 274 V
286 221 V
285 212 V
285 224 V
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1934 1142 TriUF
2222 1381 TriUF
2506 1655 TriUF
2792 1876 TriUF
3077 2088 TriUF
3362 2312 TriUF
2994 553 TriUF
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
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1093 571 M
0 27 V
-31 -27 R
62 0 V
-62 27 R
62 0 V
247 148 R
0 51 V
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62 0 V
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62 0 V
246 139 R
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@endspecial FA 2170 1591 a(Fig.) 11 b(11:) 20 b(Bottl) r(eneck) i(link)
g(bandwi) r(dth) g(vs.) 32 b(GridFTP) 21 b(goodput) h(for) p
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y(and) 17 b(20) g([ms]) 2368 2992 y @beginspecial 50
@llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 1942 @rwi @setspecial
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@endspecial 2170 3155 a(Fig.) 11 b(12:) 20 b(Number) 50
b(of) f(TCP) g(connec) r(tions) h(in) g(GridFTP-APT) f(for) p
Fc 49 w(B) p Fb 87 w(=) 2390 3235 y(1) p Fc(;) p Fb 11
w(000) p FA 23 w([Mbit/s],) p Fc 24 w(\034) p Fb 37 w(=) 29
b(10) p FA 22 w([ms],) 21 b(tra) r(nsmission) h(rate) h(of) e(UDP) h
(pack) o(e) r(ts) 2390 3314 y(500) 17 b([Mbit/) r(s]) 2368
4636 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury
1942 @rwi @setspecial
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@endspecial 2170 4798 a(Fig.) 11 b(13:) 20 b(Ev) o(olution) 28
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43 w(=) 38 b(1) p Fc(;) p Fb 12 w(000) p FA 27 w([Mbit/) r(s],) p
Fc 28 w(\034) p Fb 47 w(=) 2390 4878 y(10) p FA 17 w([ms],) 16
b(transmissio) r(n) g(rate) i(of) f(UDP) g(pack) o(e) r(ts) g(500) g
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(vir) n(onmen) n(ts.) 2170 5351 y(4.3) 82 b(Ef) n(fect) 19
b(of) h(Router) g(Buf) n(fer) f(Size) 2170 5549 y(F) o(or) h(in) m(v) o
(e) n(stigating) g(the) g(ef) n(fecti) n(v) m(eness) h(of) f(GridFTP-) n
(APT) h(in) f(v) n(ari-) 2170 5646 y(ous) d(netw) o(ork) f(en) m(vir) n
(onmen) n(ts,) j(we) e(run) f(simulations) h(while) g(chang) n(-) 2170
5744 y(ing) 35 b(the) h(b) n(uf) n(f) n(er) g(size) p
Fm 36 w(L) p Fr 36 w(of) f(RED) h(routers.) 71 b(Figur) n(e) 36
b(14) g(sho) n(ws) 2170 5841 y(the) 28 b(GridFTP) f(good) n(put) h(in) g
(steady) f(state) i(for) p Fm 27 w(\034) p Fr 38 w(=) f(1,) i(5,) f
(10,) g(and) p dyy eop end
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(rate) h(of) g(GridFTP) 2368 1429 y @beginspecial 50
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  dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def
/UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def
  /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def
/DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash }
 {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def
/BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def
      dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def
/PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def
/LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def
/LT0 { PL [] 0.6 0 0 DL } def
/LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 0.6 0 DL } def
/LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 0.6 DL } def
/LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 0.6 0 0.6 DL } def
/LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 0.6 0.6 DL } def
/LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 0.6 0.6 0 DL } def
/LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.6 0.18 0 DL } def
/LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.3 0.3 0.3 DL } def
/Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash
   gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def
/Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V
  currentpoint stroke M
  hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke
  } def
/Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M
  hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def
/TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def
/BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V  hpt2 0 V  0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V  closepath fill } def
/TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def
/TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def
/DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def
/Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def
/PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath fill grestore } def
/Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def
/CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def
/C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450  arc } bind def
/C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy        moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C13 { BL [] 0 setdash  2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/Rec   { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto
       neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def
/Square { dup Rec } bind def
/Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def
/S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def
/S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill
       exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def
/D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def
/D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def
/D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def
/D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def
/D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def
/D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def
/D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def
/D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def
/D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def
/D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def
/D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def
/D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def
/D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def
/D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def
/D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def
/D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def
/DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def
/BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def
/TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore } def
/CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def
/Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def
/DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def
/BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def
/TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  Opaque stroke grestore } def
/CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
/BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def
/BoxColFill {
  gsave Rec
  /Fillden exch def
  currentrgbcolor
  /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def
  /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
    PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate
    PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec
    gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip
    currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth
    /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def
    0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
    0 PFa 6 get ne {
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for
    } if
    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
currentdict end definefont pop
/MFshow {
   { dup 5 get 3 ge
     { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse }
     {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont
     [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6
     get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq
     {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5
     get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div
     dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get
     show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop
     pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse }
     ifelse }
   forall} bind def
/MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont
     setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def
/MLshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 exch R MFshow } bind def
/MRshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
/MCshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
end
%%EndProlog
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stroke
grestore
end
showpage
%%Trailer
%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica-Oblique Symbol Helvetica

%%EndDocument
@endspecial FA 2170 1591 a(Fig.) 11 b(15:) 20 b(GridFTP-APT) k(contro) r
(l) g(para) r(meter) p Fc 25 w(\013) p FA 25 w(vs.) 43
b(a) o(v) o(erag) r(e) 24 b(\002le) h(tra) r(nsfer) g(rate) 2390
1671 y(\() p Fc(\034) p Fb 27 w(=) 20 b(10) p FA 17 w([ms]\)) 2368
2991 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury
1942 @rwi @setspecial
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(perfo) n(rmance.) 53 b(Basically) -5 b(,) 32 b(chunk) d(transfe) n(r)
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i(to) e(the) h(contr) n(ol) g(paramete) n(r) p Fk 2170
5062 a(\001) p Fr(.) 45 b(F) o(or) 26 b(this) h(reason,) h(it) f(is) g
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g(of) 2170 5256 y(parallel) h(TCP) h(conn) n(ections.) 2335
5354 y(Figures) e(17) g(and) g(18) f(sho) n(w) h(the) h(a) n(v) o(era) n
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5841 y(con\002de) n(nce) d(interv) n(a) n(ls) h(are) f(also) g(plotted)
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%%Trailer
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@endspecial 0 1591 a(Fig.) e(17:) 20 b(GridFTP-APT) i(cont) r(rol) h
(para) r(meter) p Fb 24 w(\001) p FA 23 w(vs.) 39 b(a) o(v) o(erag) r
(e) 23 b(\002le) h(transfer) g(rat) r(e) 220 1671 y(\() p
Fc(\034) p Fb 27 w(=) c(10) p FA 17 w([ms]\)) 198 2991
y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 1942
@rwi @setspecial
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@endspecial 0 3153 a(Fig.) 11 b(18:) 20 b(GridFTP-APT) i(cont) r(rol) h
(para) r(meter) p Fb 24 w(\001) p FA 23 w(vs.) 39 b(a) o(v) o(erag) r
(e) 23 b(\002le) h(transfer) g(rat) r(e) 220 3233 y(\() p
Fc(\034) p Fb 27 w(=) c(50) p FA 17 w([ms]\)) p Fr 0
3503 a(that) 32 b(the) h(a) n(v) o(erag) n(e) g(\002le) g(transfer) e
(rate) i(of) f(GridFTP) g(depen) n(ds) h(on) 0 3600 y(the) c(contr) n
(ol) g(parame) n(ter) p Fk 29 w(\001) p Fr(.) 51 b(The) 29
b(a) n(v) o(erag) n(e) g(\002le) g(transfer) f(rate) h(of) 0
3697 y(GridFTP) d(de) o(gr) n(ades) h(with) f(lar) o(ge) p
Fk 25 w(\001) p Fr(.) 44 b(This) 26 b(can) g(be) h(e) o(xp) n(lained) f
(as) 0 3795 y(follo) n(ws.) 31 b(Each) 22 b(chun) n(k) h(transfer) e
(time) i(becom) n(es) g(long) f(with) h(lar) o(g) n(e) p
Fk 0 3892 a(\001) p Fr(.) i(Ther) n(efore,) 17 b(the) f(time) h(for) g
(optim) n(izing) g(the) g(num) n(ber) g(of) f(parallel) 0
3990 y(TCP) 21 b(connec) n(tions) g(becom) n(es) g(long,) f(so) h(that)
f(the) h(\002le) g(transfer) f(rate) 0 4087 y(of) g(GridFTP) g(de) o
(gr) n(ades.) 165 4185 y(Ev) n(olution) n(s) j(of) f(the) h(a) n(v) o
(erag) n(e) g(\002le) g(transfer) e(rate) i(of) f(GridFTP) 0
4282 y(for) p Fk 22 w(\001) 27 b(=) g(3) p Fr 22 w([s]) 22
b(and) p Fk 22 w(\001) 27 b(=) g(10) p Fr 22 w([s]) 22
b(are) h(sho) n(wn) e(in) i(Fig.) f(19.) 31 b(In) 22
b(this) 0 4380 y(\002gure,) 27 b(e) n(v) n(olution) n(s) h(of) e(the) h
(GridFTP) f(good) n(put) h(on) f(e) n(v) o(er) n(y) h(chunk) 0
4477 y(transfer) 18 b(are) h(plotted.) 24 b(This) 19
b(\002gure) f(sho) n(ws) h(that) g(the) g(time) g(for) f(opti-) 0
4574 y(mizing) 23 b(the) g(numbe) n(r) h(of) g(para) n(llel) h(TCP) f
(conn) n(ections) g(lar) o(g) n(ely) g(de-) 0 4672 y(pend) n(s) d(on) f
(the) g(setting) h(of) f(the) g(contr) n(ol) h(param) n(eter) p
Fk 20 w(\001) p Fr(.) 165 4769 y(Figure) 30 b(18) f(sho) n(ws) i(that) f
(the) g(a) n(v) o(erag) n(e) h(\002le) g(transfe) n(r) g(rate) f(of) 0
4867 y(GridFTP) 20 b(is) h(lo) n(w) f(for) f(a) i(small) p
Fk 20 w(\001) p Fr(.) 26 b(This) 20 b(can) g(be) g(e) o(xplain) n(ed) g
(as) h(fol-) 0 4964 y(lo) n(ws.) 41 b(The) 25 b(GridFTP) g(goo) n(dput)
g(cann) n(ot) h(be) f(measured) f(correc) n(tly) 0 5062
y(with) g(a) g(small) p Fk 24 w(\001) p Fr(.) 35 b(Consequen) n(tly) -5
b(,) 24 b(the) g(num) n(ber) f(of) h(parallel) f(TCP) 0
5159 y(conn) n(ections) f(cann) n(ot) g(be) f(optimized) f(correctly) -5
b(,) 20 b(so) i(that) g(the) f(a) n(v) o(er) n(-) 0 5256
y(age) e(\002le) i(transfe) n(r) f(rate) g(of) f(GridFTP) g(become) n
(s) i(lo) n(w) -5 b(.) 24 b(One) c(can) f(\002nd) 0 5354
y(that) 28 b(when) f(the) h(con) n(trol) g(param) n(eter) p
Fk 28 w(\001) p Fr 29 w(is) g(appro) n(ximately) f(3) h([s],) 0
5451 y(GridFTP-APT) 18 b(achie) n(v) o(es) h(the) g(highe) n(st) i(a) n
(v) o(er) n(age) e(\002le) h(transfer) f(rate) 0 5549
y(re) o(ga) n(rdless) 32 b(of) f(the) g(pro) n(pagatio) n(n) h(delay) e
(of) h(the) g(bottleneck) f(link) 0 5646 y(and) 20 b(the) g(\002le) h
(size.) 165 5744 y(From) i(these) h(observ) l(ations,) g(we) g(conclu) n
(de) g(that) f(the) h(contr) n(ol) 0 5841 y(param) n(eter) p
Fk 20 w(\001) p Fr 20 w(should) 18 b(be) i(set) g(to) g(app) n
(roximately) e(3) i([s]) f(re) o(ga) n(rdless) 2368 1429
y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 1942
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  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
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  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
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  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
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  hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def
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  hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def
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  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
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  hpt 2 mul 0 V
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  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
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    0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
    0 PFa 6 get ne {
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for
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    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
currentdict end definefont pop
/MFshow {
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   forall} bind def
/MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont
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/MLshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 exch R MFshow } bind def
/MRshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
/MCshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
end
%%EndProlog
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showpage
%%Trailer
%%DocumentFonts: Symbol Helvetica

%%EndDocument
@endspecial FA 2402 1591 a(Fig.) 11 b(19:) 21 b(Ev) o(oluti) r(on) c
(of) f(GridFTP) h(throug) r(hput) g(\() p Fc(\034) p
Fb 28 w(=) j(50) p FA 17 w([ms]\)) 2368 2904 y @beginspecial
50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 1942 @rwi @setspecial
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       2 copy  vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
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       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
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       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
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              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
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      2 copy  vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
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      2 copy  vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill
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       2 copy moveto
       2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
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       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
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       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
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       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
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       2 copy  vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
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  hpt 2 mul 0 V
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  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
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  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
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  currentrgbcolor
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  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
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	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
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	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
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    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
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@endspecial 2170 3066 a(Fig.) 11 b(20:) 20 b(GridFTP-APT) i(cont) r
(rol) i(paramete) r(r) p Fb 23 w(\001) p FA 23 w(vs.) 39
b(a) o(v) o(erag) r(e) 23 b(\002le) h(transfer) h(rate) 2390
3146 y(\() p Fc(\034) p Fb 27 w(=) 20 b(10) p FA 17 w([ms]\)) p
Fr 2170 3405 a(of) 25 b(the) h(prop) n(agation) e(delay) h(of) g(the) h
(bottlenec) n(k) g(link) f(and) g(the) h(\002le) 2170
3503 y(size.) 2335 3600 y(Ne) o(xt,) 37 b(we) d(in) m(v) o(estiga) n
(te) h(the) f(ef) n(fe) n(ct) h(of) e(the) h(GridFTP-APT) 2170
3698 y(contro) n(l) g(parameter) p Fm 33 w(N) p Fi 2873
3710 a(0) p Fr 2944 3698 a(on) f(the) h(GridFTP-APT) f(perfo) n(rmanc) n
(e.) 2170 3795 y(It) 27 b(is) g(e) o(xpec) n(ted) g(that) f(the) h
(initial) g(v) n(alu) n(e) g(of) f(the) h(num) n(ber) f(of) g(paral-)
2170 3893 y(lel) e(TCP) h(conn) n(ections) p Fm 24 w(N) p
Fi 2942 3905 a(0) p Fr 3003 3893 a(af) n(fects) f(the) f(time) h(for) g
(optim) n(izing) g(the) 2170 3990 y(numb) n(er) c(of) g(parallel) g
(TCP) h(conn) n(ections.) 2335 4087 y(Figures) 29 b(20) g(and) f(21) h
(sho) n(w) g(a) n(v) o(erag) n(e) h(\002le) f(transfer) g(rates) g(of)
2170 4185 y(GridFTP) 24 b(when) g(chang) n(ing) h(the) f(GridFTP-APT) g
(contr) n(ol) h(param) n(-) 2170 4282 y(eter) p Fm 31
w(N) p Fi 2393 4294 a(0) p Fr 2462 4282 a(as) 32 b(1\22625) e(for) p
Fm 31 w(\034) p Fk 53 w(=) 44 b(10) p Fr 31 w([ms]) 31
b(and) p Fm 31 w(\034) p Fk 53 w(=) 43 b(50) p Fr 31
w([ms],) 34 b(re-) 2170 4380 y(specti) n(v) o(ely) -7
b(.) 57 b(In) 31 b(these) g(\002gures,) i(their) d(con\002den) n(ce) h
(interv) n(als) g(are) 2170 4477 y(also) 23 b(plotted.) 33
b(These) 22 b(\002gures) h(sho) n(w) g(that) g(the) g(a) n(v) o(erag) n
(e) g(\002le) h(trans-) 2170 4575 y(fer) k(rate) g(of) g(GridFTP) f
(depend) n(s) i(on) f(the) g(GridFTP-) n(APT) h(contro) n(l) 2170
4672 y(parame) n(ter) p Fm 24 w(N) p Fi 2593 4684 a(0) p
Fr 2630 4672 a(.) 35 b(These) 23 b(\002gure) f(also) i(sho) n(w) f
(that) g(the) h(optim) n(al) g(set-) 2170 4770 y(ting) 17
b(of) f(the) h(contro) n(l) h(param) n(eter) p Fm 17
w(N) p Fi 3191 4782 a(0) p Fr 3246 4770 a(depen) n(ds) f(on) g(the) g
(prop) n(agation) 2170 4867 y(delay) 24 b(of) h(the) g(bottlen) n(eck) g
(link,) h(b) n(ut) f(hard) n(ly) g(depen) n(ds) h(on) e(the) h(\002le)
2170 4964 y(size.) 43 b(When) 25 b(the) h(propa) n(gation) f(delay) g
(of) h(the) g(bottlen) n(eck) g(link) g(is) 2170 5062
y(lar) o(ge) 20 b(\(Fig.) h(21\)) n(,) h(GridFTP-A) n(PT) g(can) f
(achie) n(v) m(e) g(high) f(a) n(v) o(erage) g(\002le) 2170
5159 y(transfer) f(rate) i(with) f(wide) g(range) f(of) p
Fm 20 w(N) p Fi 3302 5171 a(0) p Fr 3339 5159 a(.) 2335
5257 y(From) 25 b(these) g(observ) l(ations,) h(we) g(conc) n(lude) f
(that) p Fm 25 w(N) p Fi 3867 5269 a(0) p Fr 3930 5257
a(should) 2170 5354 y(be) 20 b(set) h(to) g(app) n(roximately) e
(4\2268) g(re) o(ga) n(rdless) i(of) f(the) g(\002le) h(size.) 2170
5549 y(4.5) 82 b(Ef) n(fect) 19 b(of) h(Backgrou) n(nd) g(T) m(raf) n
(\002c) 2170 5744 y(W) -7 b(e) 32 b(in) m(v) o(estiga) n(te) g(the) f
(ef) n(fect) g(of) g(the) g(backg) n(round) f(traf) n(\002c) h(on) g
(the) 2170 5841 y(GridFTP-APT) 26 b(perfo) n(rmance.) 44
b(Figure) 27 b(22) f(sho) n(ws) h(the) g(netw) o(ork) p
dyy eop end
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%%Trailer
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%%EndDocument
@endspecial FA 0 1591 a(Fig.) d(21:) 20 b(GridFTP-APT) i(cont) r(rol) h
(para) r(meter) p Fb 24 w(\001) p FA 23 w(vs.) 39 b(a) o(v) o(erag) r
(e) 23 b(\002le) h(transfer) g(rat) r(e) 220 1671 y(\() p
Fc(\034) p Fb 27 w(=) c(50) p FA 17 w([ms]\)) 169 2520
y @beginspecial 4 @llx 549 @lly 592 @urx 774 @ury 1992
@rwi @setspecial
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NP 930 157 M 940 157 L 940 197 L 930 197 L CP F
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GR
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% BOX
0 SG
NP 940 157 M 950 157 L 950 197 L 940 197 L CP F
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% BOX
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NP 950 157 M 960 157 L 960 197 L 950 197 L CP F
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   10 SM
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% BOX
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NP 445 157 M 454 157 L 454 197 L 445 197 L CP F
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   10 SM
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% BOX
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% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
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% BOX
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% BOX
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GS
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% TEXT
NP
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% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
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GR

% ARC
0 SG
GS
   GS
      NP
         535 1366 870 916 -70 -108 TGAR
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GS
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% TEXT
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0 SG
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% TEXT
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% TEXT
NP
0 SG
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      0 29 RM
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            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
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% TEXT
NP
0 SG
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      1 W
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tgifsavedpage restore
end
showpage

%%Trailer
%MatchingCreationDate: Fri Oct 19 13:56:21 2007
%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica-Oblique
%%+ Symbol
%%+ Helvetica
%%EOF

%%EndDocument
@endspecial 0 2683 a(Fig.) 11 b(22:) 20 b(Netw) o(ork) d(topolo) r(gy) f
(used) g(in) g(simulati) r(on) g(for) g(in) m(v) o(est) r(igatin) r(g) f
(the) i(ef) n(fec) r(t) f(of) 220 2763 y(backgro) r(und) h(traf) n
(\002c) 198 4112 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230
@urx 176 @ury 1942 @rwi @setspecial
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@endspecial 32 4275 a(Fig.) 11 b(23:) 22 b(Peak) 17 b(rate) h(of) f
(UDP) g(traf) n(\002c) h(vs.) j(a) o(v) o(erage) d(tran) r(sfer) f
(rate) h(\() p Fc(\034) p Fb 28 w(=) h(50) p FA 17 w([ms]\)) p
Fr 0 4574 a(mode) n(l) f(used) f(in) g(simulation) n(.) 25
b(In) 16 b(this) i(netw) o(or) n(k) f(model,) g(a) g(GridFTP) 0
4672 y(serv) o(er) h(and) h(a) g(client) g(are) g(conn) n(ected) g(via)
g(tw) o(o) g(RED) h(rou) n(ters.) 25 b(Data) 0 4769 y(transfer) 43
b(w) o(as) i(contin) n(uously) e(perfo) n(rmed) g(from) g(the) h
(GridFTP) 0 4867 y(serv) o(er) 32 b(to) g(the) h(GridFTP) f(client.) 63
b(In) 32 b(addition) n(,) k(a) d(UDP) g(sender) 0 4964
y(and) 28 b(a) h(UDP) h(recei) n(v) m(er) f(are) g(conn) n(ected) g
(via) f(the) h(same) g(tw) o(o) g(RED) 0 5062 y(router) n(s.) 55
b(As) 31 b(backg) n(roun) n(d) f(traf) n(\002c,) i(the) e(UDP) g
(sender) g(transmits) 0 5159 y(UDP) 21 b(pack) o(ets) g(at) g(a) g
(\002x) o(ed) f(rate.) 27 b(The) 20 b(interv) n(al) g(of) h(UDP) g
(pack) o(ets) g(is) 0 5256 y(e) o(xpo) n(nentially) i(distrib) n(uted.)
35 b(The) 24 b(pack) o(et) f(length) g(of) h(UDP) h(pack) n(-) 0
5354 y(ets) c(is) g(1,50) n(0) g([by) n(te].) 165 5451
y(Figure) 49 b(23) g(sho) n(ws) h(the) f(a) n(v) o(erage) g(\002le) h
(transfer) e(rate) i(of) 0 5549 y(GridFTP) 35 b(when) f(chang) n(ing) h
(the) f(peak) h(rate) f(of) h(UDP) g(traf) n(\002c) g(as) 0
5646 y(0\22650) c([Mb) n(it/s].) 61 b(This) 32 b(\002gure) g(sho) n(ws)
g(that) g(GridFTP-A) n(PT) h(can) 0 5744 y(utilize) 24
b(the) g(a) n(v) n(ailable) f(band) n(width) h(ef) n(fecti) n(v) m(ely)
g(re) o(ga) n(rdless) g(of) g(the) 0 5841 y(amou) n(nt) d(of) f(the) g
(backg) n(roun) n(d) h(traf) n(\002c.) 2339 1293 y @beginspecial
4 @llx 486 @lly 575 @urx 829 @ury 1992 @rwi @setspecial
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NP 910 47 M 920 47 L 920 87 L 910 87 L CP F
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 910 47 M 920 47 L 920 87 L 910 87 L CP
      1.000 W
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 910 47 M 920 47 L 920 87 L 910 87 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 910 47 M 920 47 L 920 87 L 910 87 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 904 40 24 56 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 910 47 M 920 47 L 920 87 L 910 87 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 920 47 M 930 47 L 930 87 L 920 87 L CP F
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 920 47 M 930 47 L 930 87 L 920 87 L CP
      1.000 W
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 930 47 M 940 47 L 940 87 L 930 87 L CP F
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 930 47 M 940 47 L 940 87 L 930 87 L CP
      1.000 W
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 930 47 M 940 47 L 940 87 L 930 87 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 930 47 M 940 47 L 940 87 L 930 87 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 928 40 16 56 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 930 47 M 940 47 L 940 87 L 930 87 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 485 47 M 494 47 L 494 87 L 485 87 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 480 40 16 56 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 485 47 M 494 47 L 494 87 L 485 87 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      554 67 M
      0 242 atan DU cos 14.000 MU exch sin 14.000 MU RM
      796 67 L
   TGSM
   4 W
   S
   1 W
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      554 67 14.000 6.000 -242 0 TGAT
   1 SG CP F
   0 SG
   NP
      554 67 14.000 6.000 -242 0 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      310 397 M
      150 297 L
   TGSM
   7 W
   S
   1 W
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      880 307 M
      710 397 L
   TGSM
   7 W
   S
   1 W
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 10 517 M 150 517 L 150 617 L 10 617 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 880 517 M 1020 517 L 1020 617 L 880 617 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      902 562 M
      GS
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (GridFTP) SH
      GR
      0 29 RM
      GS
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (server 4) SH
      GR
   GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      310 397 M
      150 567 L
   TGSM
   7 W
   S
   1 W
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      880 567 M
      710 397 L
   TGSM
   7 W
   S
   1 W
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 880 252 M 1020 252 L 1020 352 L 880 352 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 10 247 M 150 247 L 150 347 L 10 347 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 880 387 M 1020 387 L 1020 487 L 880 487 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      902 432 M
      GS
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (GridFTP) SH
      GR
      0 29 RM
      GS
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (server 3) SH
      GR
   GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      880 437 M
      710 397 L
   TGSM
   7 W
   S
   1 W
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 10 387 M 150 387 L 150 487 L 10 487 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      310 397 M
      150 437 L
   TGSM
   7 W
   S
   1 W
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 870 47 M 880 47 L 880 87 L 870 87 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 870 47 M 880 47 L 880 87 L 870 87 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 864 40 24 56 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 870 47 M 880 47 L 880 87 L 870 87 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 920 47 M 930 47 L 930 87 L 920 87 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 920 47 M 930 47 L 930 87 L 920 87 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 912 40 24 56 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 920 47 M 930 47 L 930 87 L 920 87 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      947 297 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (GridFTP) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (GridFTP) SH
      GR
      0 29 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (server 2) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (server 2) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      648 376 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (DropTail ) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (DropTail ) SH
      GR
      0 29 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (or RED) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (or RED) SH
      GR
      0 29 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (router) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (router) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      77 292 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (GridFTP) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (GridFTP) SH
      GR
      0 29 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (client 2) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (client 2) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      77 432 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (GridFTP) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (GridFTP) SH
      GR
      0 29 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (client 3) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (client 3) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      77 562 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (GridFTP) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (GridFTP) SH
      GR
      0 29 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (client 4) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (client 4) SH
      GR
   GR

GR
tgifsavedpage restore
end
showpage

%%Trailer
%MatchingCreationDate: Sun Feb  5 06:58:53 2006
%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica-Oblique
%%+ Symbol
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%%EOF

%%EndDocument
@endspecial FA 2170 1455 a(Fig.) 11 b(24:) 20 b(Netw) o(ork) f(topolo) r
(gy) e(used) h(in) g(simulat) r(ion) g(for) f(in) m(v) q(estigat) r
(ing) h(the) g(f) o(ai) r(rness) 2390 1535 y(among) f(multip) r(le) g
(GridFTP) g(sessions) 2368 2870 y @beginspecial 50 @llx
50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 1942 @rwi @setspecial
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@endspecial 2170 3033 a(Fig.) 11 b(25:) 20 b(Ev) o(olution) h(of) g
(GridFTP) f(through) r(put) g(with) h(DropT) -5 b(ail) 22
b(routers) f(\() p Fc(\034) p Fb 34 w(=) 27 b(10) p FA
2390 3112 a([ms]\)) p Fr 2170 3497 a(4.6) 82 b(F) o(airness) 20
b(among) f(GridFTP) h(sessions) 2170 3697 y(Finally) -5
b(,) 40 b(we) d(in) m(v) o(estiga) n(te) g(f) o(airness) g(among) e
(GridFTP) i(sessions) 2170 3795 y(when) 15 b(multiple) h(GridFTP) f
(sessions) i(comp) n(ete) g(for) e(the) h(shared) f(net-) 2170
3892 y(w) o(ork) 30 b(resource.) 56 b(W) -7 b(e) 32 b(measure) e(e) n
(v) n(olution) n(s) i(of) f(the) g(thro) n(ughpu) n(t) 2170
3990 y(of) 24 b(GridFTP) f(sessions,) i(and) f(analyz) n(e) h(f) o
(airne) n(ss) g(among) e(GridFTP) 2170 4087 y(sessions.) 2335
4185 y(Figure) 17 b(24) g(sho) n(ws) g(the) g(netw) o(ork) f(model) g
(used) h(in) h(simulation) n(.) 2170 4282 y(In) e(this) g(netw) o(ork) f
(model,) h(four) f(GridFTP) h(serv) o(e) n(rs) h(and) e(four) g
(clients) 2170 4380 y(are) 26 b(connec) n(ted) h(via) f(either) g(tw) o
(o) g(DropT) -7 b(ail) 26 b(router) n(s) h(or) f(tw) o(o) h(RED) 2170
4477 y(router) n(s.) 2335 4574 y(First,) g(we) e(sho) n(w) g(the) g
(results) g(with) g(DropT) -7 b(ail) 24 b(routers.) 39
b(Fig-) 2170 4672 y(ure) 24 b(25) g(sho) n(ws) h(e) n(v) n(olu) n(tion)
g(of) f(the) g(throu) n(ghpu) n(t) i(of) e(each) g(GridFTP) 2170
4769 y(session.) 50 b(In) 28 b(this) g(\002gure,) i(each) e(GridFTP) g
(session) g(initiated) g(e) n(v-) 2170 4867 y(ery) 20
b(100) f([s].) 25 b(This) c(\002gure) e(sho) n(ws) i(that) f(f) o
(airness) g(among) f(GridFTP) 2170 4964 y(sessions) g(de) o(gr) n(ades)
g(when) f(the) g(numb) n(er) h(of) f(GridFTP) g(sessions) h(in-) 2170
5062 y(creases.) 51 b(GridFTP-APT) 29 b(has) g(no) f(mechanism) g(to) h
(adapt) g(to) g(the) 2170 5159 y(chang) n(e) j(in) f(the) g(netw) o
(ork) f(band) n(width,) k(so) d(that) g(f) o(airness) g(among) 2170
5256 y(GridFTP) 21 b(sessions) g(de) o(gr) n(ades.) 27
b(TCP) 22 b(itself) f(has) g(a) g(prob) n(lem) g(when) 2170
5354 y(combin) n(ed) 43 b(with) g(Drop) n(T) -7 b(ail) 43
b(routers;) 54 b(it) 43 b(is) h(kno) l(wn) f(that) f(with) 2170
5451 y(DropT) -9 b(ail) 18 b(routers,) f(f) o(airness) g(amon) n(g) g
(TCP) h(conne) n(ctions) f(de) o(gra) n(des) 2170 5549
y(when) j(the) g(b) n(uf) n(f) n(er) h(size) g(of) e(the) i(rou) n(ter)
g(is) g(small) f([20].) 2335 5646 y(By) 37 b(replacin) n(g) f(DropT) -7
b(ail) 35 b(routers) g(to) h(RED) h(router) n(s,) k(f) o(air) n(-) 2170
5744 y(ness) 25 b(among) e(GridFTP) i(sessions) g(can) f(be) h(impro) m
(v) o(ed.) 37 b(Figure) 24 b(26) 2170 5841 y(sho) n(ws) 31
b(e) n(v) n(olution) n(s) h(of) f(the) g(thro) n(ughpu) n(t) h(of) e
(each) h(GridFTP) g(ses-) p dyy eop end
%%Page: 11 11
TeXDict begin 11 10 bop FB 0 71 a(IT) o(O) 14 b(et) h(al.:) f
(GRIDFTP-APT) m(:) h(A) m(UT) o(OMA) -6 b(T) n(IC) 15
b(P) -5 b(ARALL) n(ELISM) 14 b(TUNING) g(MECHANISM) g(FOR) g(GRIDFTP) h
(IN) g(LONG-F) l(A) -6 b(T) 13 b(NETW) o(ORKS) p FA 4085
142 a(11) 198 1429 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230
@urx 176 @ury 1942 @rwi @setspecial
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  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  Opaque stroke grestore } def
/CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
/BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def
/BoxColFill {
  gsave Rec
  /Fillden exch def
  currentrgbcolor
  /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def
  /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
    PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate
    PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec
    gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip
    currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth
    /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def
    0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
    0 PFa 6 get ne {
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for
    } if
    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
currentdict end definefont pop
/MFshow {
   { dup 5 get 3 ge
     { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse }
     {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont
     [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6
     get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq
     {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5
     get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div
     dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get
     show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop
     pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse }
     ifelse }
   forall} bind def
/MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont
     setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def
/MLshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 exch R MFshow } bind def
/MRshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
/MCshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
end
%%EndProlog
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@endspecial 0 1591 a(Fig.) e(26:) 20 b(Ev) o(olution) c(of) e(GridFTP) h
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Fc(\034) p Fb 28 w(=) 19 b(10) p FA 15 w([ms]\)) 198
3001 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury
1942 @rwi @setspecial
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/CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def
/Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def
/DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def
/BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def
/TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  Opaque stroke grestore } def
/CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
/BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def
/BoxColFill {
  gsave Rec
  /Fillden exch def
  currentrgbcolor
  /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def
  /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
    PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate
    PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec
    gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip
    currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth
    /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def
    0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
    0 PFa 6 get ne {
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for
    } if
    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
currentdict end definefont pop
/MFshow {
   { dup 5 get 3 ge
     { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse }
     {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont
     [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6
     get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq
     {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5
     get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div
     dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get
     show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop
     pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse }
     ifelse }
   forall} bind def
/MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont
     setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def
/MLshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 exch R MFshow } bind def
/MRshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
/MCshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
end
%%EndProlog
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3 -9 V
3 4 V
4 -3 V
3 8 V
3 -9 V
4 6 V
3 -3 V
3 1 V
3 -4 V
4 7 V
3 -4 V
3 1 V
4 -3 V
3 5 V
3 -40 V
4 -52 V
3 -19 V
3 -2 V
4 2 V
3 -3 V
stroke
1727 635 M
3 3 V
3 -1 V
4 -2 V
3 1 V
3 3 V
4 -3 V
3 1 V
3 -2 V
4 2 V
3 1 V
3 -3 V
4 4 V
3 -4 V
3 2 V
4 0 V
3 -3 V
3 3 V
3 -1 V
4 2 V
3 1 V
3 -6 V
4 4 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
4 3 V
3 -6 V
3 5 V
4 -4 V
3 2 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
4 1 V
3 0 V
3 -2 V
4 0 V
3 5 V
3 -5 V
4 3 V
3 -5 V
3 6 V
4 -3 V
3 0 V
3 2 V
4 -3 V
3 4 V
3 -4 V
3 1 V
4 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
4 2 V
3 -5 V
3 3 V
4 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
4 2 V
3 0 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
4 3 V
3 4 V
3 -3 V
4 1 V
3 -5 V
3 5 V
4 -1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
4 -7 V
3 6 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
4 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
4 3 V
3 -4 V
3 2 V
4 -1 V
3 0 V
3 3 V
4 -2 V
3 0 V
3 -2 V
4 0 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
4 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 2 V
4 2 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
4 -7 V
3 7 V
3 -3 V
4 1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
4 1 V
3 -2 V
stroke
2071 636 M
3 -1 V
4 1 V
3 2 V
3 0 V
4 -4 V
3 4 V
3 -2 V
4 0 V
3 2 V
3 -2 V
4 1 V
3 0 V
3 -2 V
3 1 V
4 1 V
3 0 V
3 3 V
4 -7 V
3 4 V
3 -1 V
4 1 V
3 2 V
3 -6 V
4 7 V
3 -4 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
4 0 V
3 2 V
3 0 V
4 -3 V
3 2 V
3 0 V
4 -1 V
3 1 V
3 -2 V
4 5 V
3 -4 V
3 -1 V
4 -1 V
3 4 V
3 1 V
3 -2 V
4 -5 V
3 5 V
3 1 V
4 -1 V
3 1 V
3 -4 V
4 4 V
3 -2 V
3 1 V
4 -1 V
3 2 V
3 -1 V
3 2 V
4 -5 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
4 -3 V
3 5 V
3 -6 V
4 5 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
4 3 V
3 -1 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
4 -5 V
3 3 V
3 0 V
4 -1 V
3 3 V
3 -5 V
4 4 V
3 -2 V
3 0 V
4 2 V
3 -3 V
3 3 V
4 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 1 V
3 3 V
4 -3 V
3 1 V
3 -1 V
4 1 V
3 1 V
3 -3 V
4 4 V
3 -5 V
3 4 V
4 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
4 2 V
3 0 V
3 -3 V
4 2 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
2415 637 M
4 2 V
3 -5 V
3 5 V
4 -3 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
4 7 V
3 -5 V
3 1 V
3 -2 V
4 1 V
3 3 V
3 -3 V
4 4 V
3 -9 V
3 9 V
4 -4 V
3 0 V
3 2 V
4 -3 V
3 3 V
3 -2 V
3 1 V
4 -2 V
3 2 V
3 0 V
4 2 V
3 -4 V
3 2 V
4 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 2 V
4 1 V
3 0 V
3 -2 V
4 -2 V
3 3 V
3 2 V
3 -2 V
4 0 V
3 -4 V
3 5 V
4 0 V
3 -1 V
3 2 V
4 -6 V
3 4 V
3 0 V
4 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
4 3 V
3 -4 V
3 2 V
4 -2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
4 -4 V
3 5 V
3 -7 V
4 3 V
3 0 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
4 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 2 V
4 2 V
3 1 V
3 -1 V
4 -6 V
3 7 V
3 -3 V
4 1 V
3 -2 V
3 1 V
4 2 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 2 V
4 0 V
3 0 V
3 3 V
4 -6 V
3 3 V
3 -1 V
4 0 V
3 2 V
3 -3 V
4 4 V
3 -1 V
3 -5 V
3 3 V
4 1 V
3 0 V
3 3 V
4 -8 V
3 7 V
3 -4 V
4 2 V
3 1 V
3 -5 V
4 7 V
stroke
2760 640 M
3 -4 V
3 0 V
4 -2 V
3 6 V
3 -3 V
3 0 V
4 -3 V
3 4 V
3 -1 V
4 -1 V
3 1 V
3 -1 V
4 2 V
3 -1 V
3 -4 V
4 3 V
3 3 V
3 -2 V
3 2 V
4 -6 V
3 4 V
3 0 V
4 0 V
3 1 V
3 -3 V
4 3 V
3 -1 V
3 -3 V
4 3 V
3 1 V
3 -1 V
4 2 V
3 -5 V
3 3 V
3 0 V
4 -1 V
3 3 V
3 -5 V
4 5 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
4 3 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
4 0 V
3 -3 V
3 3 V
3 0 V
4 0 V
3 3 V
3 -6 V
4 3 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
4 2 V
3 -2 V
3 1 V
4 1 V
3 -4 V
3 1 V
3 4 V
4 -3 V
3 3 V
3 -5 V
4 4 V
3 0 V
3 -4 V
4 5 V
3 -6 V
3 7 V
4 -3 V
3 -2 V
3 1 V
4 0 V
3 3 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
4 2 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
4 -1 V
3 2 V
3 0 V
4 -4 V
3 3 V
3 -3 V
4 7 V
3 -4 V
3 1 V
3 -5 V
4 4 V
3 1 V
3 -1 V
4 3 V
3 -8 V
3 6 V
4 0 V
3 -2 V
3 1 V
4 -2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
4 -4 V
3 2 V
stroke
3104 637 M
3 0 V
3 -3 V
4 6 V
3 -5 V
3 3 V
4 -3 V
3 0 V
3 2 V
4 0 V
3 3 V
3 -5 V
4 -1 V
3 3 V
3 2 V
3 -2 V
4 0 V
3 -3 V
3 3 V
4 -1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
4 -6 V
3 4 V
3 1 V
4 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 3 V
4 0 V
3 2 V
3 -4 V
3 3 V
4 -3 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
4 -3 V
3 4 V
3 -3 V
4 -1 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
4 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -3 V
3 3 V
4 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
4 -5 V
3 7 V
3 -4 V
4 -1 V
3 2 V
3 -1 V
4 2 V
3 -2 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
4 1 V
3 0 V
3 3 V
4 -6 V
3 3 V
3 0 V
4 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 4 V
4 1 V
3 -1 V
3 -4 V
4 2 V
3 2 V
3 -1 V
3 1 V
4 -6 V
3 7 V
3 -3 V
4 1 V
1.000 UL
LT2
LTb
2711 1939 M
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (GridFTP session 3)]
] -46.7 MRshow
LT2
2795 1939 M
399 0 V
1376 420 M
3 119 V
4 163 V
3 34 V
3 10 V
4 -8 V
3 0 V
3 2 V
3 5 V
4 -7 V
3 -1 V
3 4 V
4 3 V
3 -6 V
3 -1 V
4 4 V
3 3 V
3 -3 V
4 -6 V
3 6 V
3 3 V
4 -3 V
3 -5 V
3 3 V
3 7 V
4 -6 V
3 -3 V
3 3 V
4 3 V
3 -3 V
3 -3 V
4 3 V
3 5 V
3 -5 V
4 -5 V
3 6 V
3 3 V
3 -4 V
4 -5 V
3 7 V
3 1 V
4 -3 V
3 -2 V
3 1 V
4 6 V
3 -7 V
3 0 V
4 2 V
3 4 V
3 -6 V
4 0 V
3 4 V
3 0 V
3 -2 V
4 -1 V
3 0 V
3 3 V
4 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
4 5 V
3 -6 V
3 1 V
4 0 V
3 6 V
3 -7 V
3 3 V
4 -1 V
3 2 V
3 -4 V
4 4 V
3 -4 V
3 4 V
4 -2 V
3 0 V
3 -2 V
4 5 V
3 -4 V
3 1 V
3 -2 V
4 6 V
3 -6 V
3 2 V
4 -1 V
3 5 V
3 -5 V
4 1 V
3 -1 V
3 4 V
4 -5 V
3 4 V
3 -4 V
4 6 V
3 -7 V
3 5 V
3 -3 V
4 3 V
3 -5 V
3 5 V
4 -2 V
3 3 V
3 -40 V
4 -49 V
stroke
1714 654 M
3 -17 V
3 -2 V
4 3 V
3 -3 V
3 3 V
3 -1 V
4 -2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
4 -1 V
3 1 V
3 -2 V
4 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
4 2 V
3 -5 V
3 5 V
4 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 3 V
3 1 V
4 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -2 V
4 2 V
3 -2 V
3 2 V
4 3 V
3 -6 V
3 3 V
4 0 V
3 -2 V
3 2 V
3 -2 V
4 4 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
4 2 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
4 3 V
3 -5 V
3 4 V
4 -2 V
3 0 V
3 2 V
4 -4 V
3 6 V
3 -3 V
3 -1 V
4 -1 V
3 3 V
3 -1 V
4 0 V
3 -3 V
3 4 V
4 0 V
3 -3 V
3 4 V
4 -6 V
3 6 V
3 -4 V
3 2 V
4 -2 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
4 0 V
3 -4 V
3 3 V
4 1 V
3 -2 V
3 1 V
4 -2 V
3 4 V
3 -3 V
3 -1 V
4 1 V
3 3 V
3 -2 V
4 0 V
3 -3 V
3 4 V
4 -2 V
3 2 V
3 0 V
4 -4 V
3 5 V
3 -3 V
4 0 V
3 0 V
3 2 V
3 -1 V
4 0 V
3 -3 V
3 3 V
4 3 V
3 -6 V
3 6 V
4 -6 V
3 3 V
3 -1 V
4 1 V
3 0 V
stroke
2058 637 M
3 -2 V
3 4 V
4 -1 V
3 -4 V
3 1 V
4 3 V
3 -1 V
3 1 V
4 -4 V
3 4 V
3 -2 V
4 0 V
3 2 V
3 -2 V
4 1 V
3 0 V
3 -2 V
3 1 V
4 2 V
3 -1 V
3 2 V
4 -6 V
3 5 V
3 -1 V
4 0 V
3 1 V
3 -5 V
4 6 V
3 -3 V
3 -1 V
3 2 V
4 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
4 -3 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
4 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
4 3 V
3 -4 V
3 -1 V
4 2 V
3 3 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
4 -2 V
3 3 V
3 1 V
4 -1 V
3 3 V
3 -8 V
4 5 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
4 -2 V
3 3 V
3 -1 V
3 2 V
4 -5 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
4 -3 V
3 3 V
3 -5 V
4 5 V
3 -4 V
3 1 V
4 2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 2 V
4 -4 V
3 1 V
3 4 V
4 -2 V
3 4 V
3 -10 V
4 7 V
3 -2 V
3 0 V
4 2 V
3 -2 V
3 1 V
4 0 V
3 -2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
4 -1 V
3 2 V
3 -5 V
4 3 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
4 2 V
3 -4 V
3 3 V
4 -1 V
3 -3 V
3 3 V
3 0 V
4 1 V
3 -1 V
stroke
2402 637 M
3 -2 V
4 2 V
3 -2 V
3 2 V
4 3 V
3 -5 V
3 2 V
4 -2 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
4 -2 V
3 4 V
3 -1 V
3 -4 V
4 3 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
4 1 V
3 -3 V
3 4 V
4 -4 V
3 1 V
3 -1 V
4 3 V
3 1 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
4 -1 V
3 5 V
3 -2 V
4 2 V
3 -7 V
3 7 V
4 -3 V
3 1 V
3 -1 V
4 0 V
3 2 V
3 -1 V
4 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 2 V
3 -1 V
4 4 V
3 -6 V
3 3 V
4 1 V
3 -4 V
3 4 V
4 -3 V
3 3 V
3 0 V
4 -5 V
3 3 V
3 2 V
3 -1 V
4 1 V
3 -4 V
3 4 V
4 -3 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
4 -4 V
3 3 V
3 -1 V
4 -2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
3 -1 V
4 2 V
3 -5 V
3 3 V
4 0 V
3 -1 V
3 4 V
4 -6 V
3 5 V
3 -3 V
4 -1 V
3 2 V
3 -2 V
4 4 V
3 -1 V
3 -3 V
3 1 V
4 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
4 -4 V
3 4 V
3 -1 V
4 -3 V
3 1 V
3 4 V
4 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 2 V
3 -1 V
4 1 V
3 0 V
3 2 V
4 -7 V
3 5 V
3 2 V
stroke
2746 639 M
4 -3 V
3 2 V
3 -5 V
4 4 V
3 1 V
3 -2 V
4 0 V
3 1 V
3 -2 V
3 5 V
4 -5 V
3 3 V
3 -2 V
4 -2 V
3 4 V
3 -3 V
4 5 V
3 -5 V
3 1 V
4 -1 V
3 4 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
4 -2 V
3 4 V
3 1 V
4 -3 V
3 1 V
3 -2 V
4 3 V
3 -2 V
3 1 V
4 -2 V
3 3 V
3 -1 V
4 2 V
3 -5 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
4 -4 V
3 4 V
3 -5 V
4 5 V
3 -3 V
3 -1 V
4 2 V
3 1 V
3 -2 V
4 2 V
3 -4 V
3 3 V
3 1 V
4 -2 V
3 4 V
3 -8 V
4 6 V
3 -2 V
3 1 V
4 0 V
3 -1 V
3 1 V
4 -2 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
3 2 V
4 -2 V
3 3 V
3 -5 V
4 3 V
3 -1 V
3 1 V
4 1 V
3 -3 V
3 3 V
4 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 1 V
4 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
3 -2 V
4 2 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
4 2 V
3 -6 V
3 6 V
4 -4 V
3 2 V
3 0 V
4 -1 V
3 2 V
3 0 V
3 -4 V
4 3 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
4 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 5 V
4 -5 V
3 1 V
3 -1 V
4 4 V
stroke
3091 639 M
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
4 -3 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
4 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 5 V
4 -3 V
3 1 V
3 -2 V
4 2 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
4 -3 V
3 3 V
3 2 V
3 -4 V
4 5 V
3 -6 V
3 3 V
4 -1 V
3 0 V
3 2 V
4 -2 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
4 -5 V
3 3 V
3 1 V
4 1 V
3 0 V
3 -4 V
3 4 V
4 -3 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
4 -3 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
4 -2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
4 -1 V
3 2 V
3 -6 V
3 4 V
4 0 V
3 0 V
3 2 V
4 -6 V
3 7 V
3 -4 V
4 -1 V
3 2 V
3 -1 V
4 2 V
3 0 V
3 -3 V
3 1 V
4 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
4 0 V
3 2 V
3 -3 V
4 -2 V
3 1 V
3 3 V
4 1 V
3 -3 V
3 -2 V
4 3 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
3 2 V
4 -5 V
3 3 V
3 0 V
4 -1 V
1.000 UL
LT3
LTb
2711 1799 M
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (GridFTP session 4)]
] -46.7 MRshow
LT3
2795 1799 M
399 0 V
1707 420 M
3 62 V
4 124 V
3 27 V
3 6 V
4 0 V
3 -4 V
3 2 V
3 -2 V
4 2 V
3 -3 V
3 6 V
4 -3 V
3 1 V
3 -6 V
4 5 V
3 1 V
3 -1 V
4 3 V
3 -9 V
3 8 V
4 -2 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
3 -4 V
4 5 V
3 1 V
3 -4 V
4 0 V
3 2 V
3 0 V
4 2 V
3 -4 V
3 3 V
4 -3 V
3 -1 V
3 1 V
3 6 V
4 -2 V
3 -4 V
3 -2 V
4 4 V
3 2 V
3 0 V
4 0 V
3 -8 V
3 6 V
4 1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
4 -2 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
3 -5 V
4 -1 V
3 3 V
3 -2 V
4 6 V
3 -7 V
3 4 V
4 -3 V
3 0 V
3 2 V
4 1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -4 V
4 2 V
3 7 V
3 -6 V
4 3 V
3 -7 V
3 6 V
4 0 V
3 -2 V
3 4 V
4 -7 V
3 4 V
3 1 V
3 -3 V
4 2 V
3 -2 V
3 2 V
4 2 V
3 -3 V
3 0 V
4 1 V
3 -2 V
3 4 V
4 -3 V
3 3 V
3 -3 V
4 -4 V
3 5 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
4 -1 V
3 -6 V
3 5 V
4 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
4 -6 V
stroke
2045 632 M
3 7 V
3 -2 V
4 0 V
3 1 V
3 -4 V
3 3 V
4 -1 V
3 1 V
3 -1 V
4 2 V
3 -3 V
3 6 V
4 -7 V
3 4 V
3 -2 V
4 -2 V
3 4 V
3 -3 V
4 5 V
3 -3 V
3 -4 V
3 2 V
4 4 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
4 -2 V
3 4 V
3 -2 V
4 1 V
3 1 V
3 -3 V
4 3 V
3 -2 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
4 2 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
4 -2 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
4 -3 V
3 4 V
3 -4 V
4 3 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
4 2 V
3 -1 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
4 -6 V
3 2 V
3 -1 V
4 3 V
3 2 V
3 -8 V
4 8 V
3 -5 V
3 2 V
4 0 V
3 -1 V
3 1 V
3 -2 V
4 2 V
3 0 V
3 2 V
4 -4 V
3 4 V
3 -5 V
4 3 V
3 1 V
3 -2 V
4 2 V
3 -5 V
3 7 V
3 -3 V
4 -2 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
4 3 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
4 1 V
3 -2 V
3 3 V
4 -2 V
3 2 V
3 -1 V
4 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
3 4 V
4 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -6 V
4 7 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
4 2 V
3 -9 V
3 10 V
4 -4 V
3 2 V
stroke
2389 638 M
3 -1 V
3 -3 V
4 3 V
3 2 V
3 -4 V
4 0 V
3 2 V
3 0 V
4 -1 V
3 1 V
3 3 V
4 -5 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
4 6 V
3 -2 V
3 -4 V
3 -2 V
4 4 V
3 3 V
3 -3 V
4 2 V
3 -8 V
3 6 V
4 2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
4 0 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
3 -7 V
4 5 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
4 4 V
3 -4 V
3 3 V
4 -3 V
3 0 V
3 2 V
4 2 V
3 -2 V
3 0 V
4 -4 V
3 2 V
3 5 V
3 -3 V
4 3 V
3 -10 V
3 8 V
4 -1 V
3 0 V
3 2 V
4 -6 V
3 4 V
3 0 V
4 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
4 3 V
3 -3 V
3 0 V
4 2 V
3 -4 V
3 4 V
4 -2 V
3 3 V
3 -3 V
4 -4 V
3 5 V
3 2 V
3 -1 V
4 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 3 V
4 0 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
4 -8 V
3 5 V
3 -1 V
4 1 V
3 -2 V
3 2 V
4 0 V
3 1 V
3 -3 V
3 0 V
4 3 V
3 -3 V
3 5 V
4 -6 V
3 5 V
3 -3 V
4 -1 V
3 2 V
3 -1 V
4 1 V
3 1 V
3 -4 V
3 1 V
4 4 V
3 -2 V
stroke
2733 637 M
3 2 V
4 -6 V
3 5 V
3 -3 V
4 2 V
3 2 V
3 -3 V
4 1 V
3 -2 V
3 1 V
4 0 V
3 2 V
3 -1 V
3 2 V
4 -5 V
3 3 V
3 1 V
4 -3 V
3 4 V
3 -4 V
4 3 V
3 -1 V
3 -3 V
4 3 V
3 -1 V
3 2 V
3 0 V
4 -4 V
3 3 V
3 -3 V
4 5 V
3 0 V
3 -5 V
4 5 V
3 -4 V
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@endspecial 0 3164 a(Fig.) 11 b(27:) 20 b(Ev) o(olution) h(of) g
(GridFTP) f(through) r(put) g(with) h(DropT) -5 b(ail) 22
b(routers) f(\() p Fc(\034) p Fb 34 w(=) 26 b(10) p FA
220 3243 a([ms],) p Fc 16 w(N) p Fb 26 w(=) 20 b(4) p
FA(\)) p Fr 0 3600 a(sion) 25 b(with) h(RED) g(routers.) 40
b(In) 25 b(this) i(\002gur) n(e,) g(the) f(queu) n(e) g(discipline) 0
3697 y(of) f(rou) n(ters) h(is) f(RED) h(and) e(other) g(parame) n
(ters) i(are) e(the) h(same) g(v) n(alue) 0 3795 y(used) 37
b(for) g(Fig.) h(25.) 77 b(Figure) 37 b(26) g(sho) n(ws) h(that) g(f) o
(airn) n(ess) h(among) 0 3892 y(GridFTP) c(sessions) g(is) h(impro) o
(v) m(ed) f(lar) o(g) n(ely) g(with) g(RED) h(rou) n(ters.) 0
3990 y(This) 20 b(is) g(because) f(TCP) i(con) n(nections) e(in) h
(GridFTP) f(sessions) i(ope) n(r) n(-) 0 4087 y(ate) f(stably) g(with) g
(RED) g(router) n(s.) 26 b(Ho) n(we) n(v) o(e) n(r) m(,) 20
b(the) g(GridFTP) f(session) 0 4185 y(that) 24 b(starts) h(transfer) f
(at) g(0) h([s]) f(gains) g(lar) o(g) n(e) h(band) n(width) f(e) n(v) o
(en) f(with) 0 4282 y(RED) 30 b(router) n(s.) 54 b(T) -7
b(o) 30 b(impr) n(o) o(v) o(e) f(f) o(airness,) i(we) f(should) f(mod) n
(ify) h(the) 0 4380 y(GridFTP-APT) 19 b(algorithm) g(in) h(the) h(futu)
n(re.) 165 4477 y(F) o(airness) 27 b(de) o(g) n(radation) e(of) h
(GridFTP-APT) f(is) i(a) g(side-ef) n(f) n(ect) 0 4574
y(of) i(achie) n(vin) n(g) h(high) f(perf) n(ormanc) n(e.) 54
b(F) o(or) 29 b(instance,) i(the) f(origin) n(al) 0 4672
y(GridFTP) k(realizes) h(better) f(f) o(airness) g(than) g(GridFTP-APT)
-6 b(.) 34 b(Fig-) 0 4769 y(ures) h(27) f(and) g(28) g(sho) n(w) h(e) n
(v) n(olu) n(tions) g(of) g(the) f(original) g(GridFTP) 0
4867 y(throu) n(ghpu) n(t) 24 b(with) f(Drop) n(T) -7
b(ail) 24 b(rou) n(ters) g(and) e(RED) h(router) n(s,) h(respec-) 0
4964 y(ti) n(v) o(ely) -5 b(.) 70 b(GridFTP-) n(APT) 36
b(gains) f(higher) f(total) i(throu) n(ghpu) n(t) g(\(i.e.,) 0
5062 y(100) 41 b([Mbit/s]) h(and) f(90) g([Mbit/s]) h(in) g(Figs.) g
(25) g(and) f(26\)) g(than) 0 5159 y(the) 30 b(original) g(GridFTP) g
(\(i.e.,) i(87) e([Mbit/s]) g(and) g(87) g([Mbit/s]) g(in) 0
5256 y(Figs.) 39 b(27) f(and) h(28\)) n(.) 81 b(From) 38
b(these) h(observ) n(a) n(tions,) 44 b(we) 39 b(belie) n(v) m(e) 0
5354 y(GridFTP-APT) 28 b(is) j(suitable) e(for) f(bandwid) n(th-inten) n
(si) n(v) o(e) i(applica) n(-) 0 5451 y(tions) 25 b(in) f(a) h(long-) n
(f) o(at) g(netw) o(ork) n(s.) 39 b(GridFTP-APT) 24 b(has) h(no) f
(mecha) n(-) 0 5549 y(nism) i(to) g(adapt) f(to) i(chan) n(ge) f(in) g
(the) g(netw) o(ork) f(con\002gu) n(ration) g(once) 0
5646 y(the) h(numb) n(er) h(of) e(parallel) h(TCP) h(conne) n(ctions) f
(is) i(optim) n(ized.) 43 b(But) 0 5744 y(mode) n(st) 37
b(chang) n(e) f(in) f(the) h(a) n(v) n(ailable) f(band) n(width) g
(should) g(be) g(ab-) 0 5841 y(sorbed) 19 b(by) h(the) g(cong) n
(estion) h(con) n(trol) g(mech) n(anism) f(of) g(TCP) -9
b(.) 2368 1429 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx
176 @ury 1942 @rwi @setspecial
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stroke
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3 -8 V
stroke
2415 755 M
4 14 V
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3 8 V
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3 -26 V
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3 37 V
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4 11 V
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3 168 V
4 -188 V
3 93 V
3 -44 V
4 5 V
3 56 V
3 -10 V
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3 27 V
3 -71 V
4 44 V
stroke
2760 733 M
3 -40 V
3 74 V
4 41 V
3 -22 V
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3 3 V
3 -63 V
4 59 V
3 7 V
3 39 V
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4 34 V
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3 39 V
3 47 V
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3 -71 V
3 94 V
4 33 V
3 -85 V
3 8 V
3 -69 V
4 59 V
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@endspecial FA 2170 1591 a(Fig.) 11 b(28:) 20 b(Ev) o(olution) c(of) g
(GridFTP) f(through) r(put) h(with) g(RED) f(routers) h(\() p
Fc(\034) p Fb 28 w(=) j(10) p FA 16 w([ms],) p Fc 2390
1671 a(N) p Fb 26 w(=) h(4) p FA(\)) p Fx 2170 2027 a(5.) 82
b(Conclusion) p Fr 2170 2222 a(In) 16 b(this) h(pape) n(r) m(,) g(we) g
(ha) n(v) o(e) e(prop) n(osed) h(GridFTP-APT) -6 b(,) 16
b(an) g(autom) n(atic) 2170 2319 y(parallelism) g(tuning) f(mechan) n
(ism) i(for) f(GridFTP) -9 b(,) 16 b(mainly) f(focusing) 2170
2417 y(on) 24 b(the) g(parallel) g(data) g(transfer) g(featur) n(e) h
(for) f(GridFTP) -9 b(.) 23 b(GridFTP-) 2170 2514 y(APT) 16
b(utilizes) h(the) f(f) o(act) g(that) g(GridFTP) g(good) n(put) g(is) h
(a) f(con) m(v) m(e) o(x) g(func) n(-) 2170 2612 y(tion) 22
b(for) f(the) h(numb) n(er) g(of) g(parallel) g(TCP) h(conn) n
(ections.) 30 b(GridFTP-) 2170 2709 y(APT) 24 b(searches) g(for) f(the)
h(optimal) f(numb) n(er) h(of) g(para) n(llel) h(TCP) g(con) n(-) 2170
2807 y(nection) n(s) 20 b(using) e(the) g(GSS) h(algorithm) n(,) g(one)
f(of) g(numerica) n(l) h(compu) n(-) 2170 2904 y(tation) f(algorith) n
(ms) h(for) f(a) h(maximiza) n(tion) g(pro) n(blem.) 24
b(In) 18 b(this) h(paper) m(,) 2170 3001 y(we) g(ha) n(v) o(e) g(sho) n
(wn) f(that) h(GridFTP-APT) f(realized) h(high) f(thro) n(ughpu) n(t)
2170 3099 y(in) i(se) n(v) o(eral) g(netw) o(ork) f(en) m(v) n(ironmen)
n(ts.) 2335 3196 y(As) 35 b(future) e(w) o(ork,) k(we) e(are) f(plann) n
(ing) g(to) g(further) f(impro) m(v) o(e) 2170 3294 y(GridFTP-APT) 21
b(perfo) n(rmance.) 30 b(GridFTP-) n(APT) 23 b(w) o(orks) e(quite) h
(ef-) 2170 3391 y(fecti) n(v) o(ely) 37 b(for) g(a) i(lar) o(ge) e
(data) h(transfer) f(in) i(a) f(long-f) m(at) h(netw) o(ork) n(.) 2170
3489 y(Ho) n(we) n(v) o(e) n(r) m(,) h(as) c(we) h(ha) n(v) o(e) e
(foun) n(d) h(from) f(simulations,) k(GridFTP-) 2170
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