%!PS-Adobe-2.0 %%Creator: dvips(k) p1.7a Copyright 2005 ASCII Corp.(www-ptex@ascii.co.jp) %%+ based on dvips(k) 5.95a Copyright 2005 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com) %%Title: ssa86.dvi %%CreationDate: Tue Apr 15 11:29:47 2008 %%Pages: 7 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%BoundingBox: 0 0 596 842 %%DocumentFonts: Times-Roman CMSY10 Times-Bold CMTT10 Helvetica CMMI10 %%+ CMR10 CMEX10 CMSY7 CMR7 CMMI7 CMBX10 Symbol Helvetica-Oblique CMTT9 %%DocumentPaperSizes: a4 %%EndComments %DVIPSWebPage: (www.radicaleye.com) %DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -o ssa86.ps ssa86.dvi %DVIPSParameters: dpi=600 %DVIPSSource: TeX output 2008.04.15:1129 %%BeginProcSet: tex.pro 0 0 %! /TeXDict 300 dict def TeXDict begin/N{def}def/B{bind def}N/S{exch}N/X{S N}B/A{dup}B/TR{translate}N/isls false N/vsize 11 72 mul N/hsize 8.5 72 mul N/landplus90{false}def/@rigin{isls{[0 landplus90{1 -1}{-1 1}ifelse 0 0 0]concat}if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale isls{ landplus90{VResolution 72 div vsize mul 0 exch}{Resolution -72 div hsize mul 0}ifelse TR}if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul TR[ matrix currentmatrix{A A round sub abs 0.00001 lt{round}if}forall round exch round exch]setmatrix}N/@landscape{/isls true N}B/@manualfeed{ statusdict/manualfeed true put}B/@copies{/#copies X}B/FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0] N/FBB[0 0 0 0]N/nn 0 N/IEn 0 N/ctr 0 N/df-tail{/nn 8 dict N nn begin /FontType 3 N/FontMatrix fntrx N/FontBBox FBB N string/base X array /BitMaps X/BuildChar{CharBuilder}N/Encoding IEn N end A{/foo setfont}2 array copy cvx N load 0 nn put/ctr 0 N[}B/sf 0 N/df{/sf 1 N/fntrx FMat N df-tail}B/dfs{div/sf X/fntrx[sf 0 0 sf neg 0 0]N df-tail}B/E{pop nn A definefont setfont}B/Cw{Cd A length 5 sub get}B/Ch{Cd A length 4 sub get }B/Cx{128 Cd A length 3 sub get sub}B/Cy{Cd A length 2 sub get 127 sub} B/Cdx{Cd A length 1 sub get}B/Ci{Cd A type/stringtype ne{ctr get/ctr ctr 1 add N}if}B/CharBuilder{save 3 1 roll S A/base get 2 index get S /BitMaps get S get/Cd X pop/ctr 0 N Cdx 0 Cx Cy Ch sub Cx Cw add Cy setcachedevice Cw Ch true[1 0 0 -1 -.1 Cx sub Cy .1 sub]{Ci}imagemask restore}B/D{/cc X A type/stringtype ne{]}if nn/base get cc ctr put nn /BitMaps get S ctr S sf 1 ne{A A length 1 sub A 2 index S get sf div put }if put/ctr ctr 1 add N}B/I{cc 1 add D}B/bop{userdict/bop-hook known{ bop-hook}if/SI save N @rigin 0 0 moveto/V matrix currentmatrix A 1 get A mul exch 0 get A mul add .99 lt{/QV}{/RV}ifelse load def pop pop}N/eop{ SI restore userdict/eop-hook known{eop-hook}if showpage}N/@start{ userdict/start-hook known{start-hook}if pop/VResolution X/Resolution X 1000 div/DVImag X/IEn 256 array N 2 string 0 1 255{IEn S A 360 add 36 4 index cvrs cvn put}for pop 65781.76 div/vsize X 65781.76 div/hsize X}N /dir 0 def/dyy{/dir 0 def}B/dyt{/dir 1 def}B/dty{/dir 2 def}B/dtt{/dir 3 def}B/p{dir 2 eq{-90 rotate show 90 rotate}{dir 3 eq{-90 rotate show 90 rotate}{show}ifelse}ifelse}N/RMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N/BDot 260 string N/Rx 0 N/Ry 0 N/V{}B/RV/v{/Ry X/Rx X V}B statusdict begin/product where{pop false[(Display)(NeXT)(LaserWriter 16/600)]{A length product length le{A length product exch 0 exch getinterval eq{pop true exit}if}{pop}ifelse} forall}{false}ifelse end{{gsave TR -.1 .1 TR 1 1 scale Rx Ry false RMat{ BDot}imagemask grestore}}{{gsave TR -.1 .1 TR Rx Ry scale 1 1 false RMat {BDot}imagemask grestore}}ifelse B/QV{gsave newpath transform round exch round exch itransform moveto Rx 0 rlineto 0 Ry neg rlineto Rx neg 0 rlineto fill grestore}B/a{moveto}B/delta 0 N/tail{A/delta X 0 rmoveto}B /M{S p delta add tail}B/b{S p tail}B/c{-4 M}B/d{-3 M}B/e{-2 M}B/f{-1 M} B/g{0 M}B/h{1 M}B/i{2 M}B/j{3 M}B/k{4 M}B/w{0 rmoveto}B/l{p -4 w}B/m{p -3 w}B/n{p -2 w}B/o{p -1 w}B/q{p 1 w}B/r{p 2 w}B/s{p 3 w}B/t{p 4 w}B/x{ 0 S rmoveto}B/y{3 2 roll p a}B/bos{/SS save N}B/eos{SS restore}B end %%EndProcSet %%BeginProcSet: 8r.enc 0 0 % File 8r.enc TeX Base 1 Encoding Revision 2.0 2002-10-30 % % @@psencodingfile@{ % author = "S. 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All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.100) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMMI7) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -14.04 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMMI7 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 105 /i put dup 107 /k put readonly def /FontBBox{0 -250 1171 750}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMR7 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR7 1.0 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:21 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.0) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMR7) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle 0 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMR7 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 48 /zero put dup 49 /one put dup 50 /two put readonly def /FontBBox{-27 -250 1122 750}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA052A014267B7904EB3C0D3BD0B83D891 016CA6CA4B712ADEB258FAAB9A130EE605E61F77FC1B738ABC7C51CD46EF8171 9098D5FEE67660E69A7AB91B58F29A4D79E57022F783EB0FBBB6D4F4EC35014F D2DECBA99459A4C59DF0C6EBA150284454E707DC2100C15B76B4C19B84363758 469A6C558785B226332152109871A9883487DD7710949204DDCF837E6A8708B8 2BDBF16FBC7512FAA308A093FE5CF5B8CABB9FFC6CC3F1E9AE32F234EB60FE7D E34995B1ACFF52428EA20C8ED4FD73E3935CEBD40E0EAD70C0887A451E1B1AC8 47AEDE4191CCDB8B61345FD070FD30C4F375D8418DDD454729A251B3F61DAE7C 8882384282FDD6102AE8EEFEDE6447576AFA181F27A48216A9CAD730561469E4 78B286F22328F2AE84EF183DE4119C402771A249AAC1FA5435690A28D1B47486 1060C8000D3FE1BF45133CF847A24B4F8464A63CEA01EC84AA22FD005E74847E 01426B6890951A7DD1F50A5F3285E1F958F11FC7F00EE26FEE7C63998EA1328B C9841C57C80946D2C2FC81346249A664ECFB08A2CE075036CEA7359FCA1E90C0 F686C3BB27EEFA45D548F7BD074CE60E626A4F83C69FE93A5324133A78362F30 8E8DCC80DD0C49E137CDC9AC08BAE39282E26A7A4D8C159B95F227BDA2A281AF A9DAEBF31F504380B20812A211CF9FEB112EC29A3FB3BD3E81809FC6293487A7 455EB3B879D2B4BD46942BB1243896264722CB59146C3F65BD59B96A74B12BB2 9A1354AF174932210C6E19FE584B1B14C00E746089CBB17E68845D7B3EA05105 EEE461E3697FCF835CBE6D46C75523478E766832751CF6D96EC338BDAD57D53B 52F5340FAC9FE0456AD13101824234B262AC0CABA43B62EBDA39795BAE6CFE97 563A50AAE1F195888739F2676086A9811E5C9A4A7E0BF34F3E25568930ADF80F 0BDDAC3B634AD4BA6A59720EA4749236CF0F79ABA4716C340F98517F6F06D9AB 7ED8F46FC1868B5F3D3678DF71AA772CF1F7DD222C6BF19D8EF0CFB7A76FC6D1 0AD323C176134907AB375F20CFCD667AB094E2C7CB2179C4283329C9E435E7A4 1E042AD0BAA059B3F862236180B34D3FCED833472577BACD472A4B067A46F8EE 2AFACDE591ADF7304939394F37018327C1B4E53C8D6C39E9B246C2D5FC828A32 73B84253139F2C6B481F04AF58F214F040517073839F9755E4CD617458F69780 588263E8AE4F31263902D7D3FD4678C62FD46B635D3C58A7889BAE8B1A90BC93 3F40E07284B2810F1341749474A7B6739A81D32D10896D255229BA209327549E 94EECC4118BC2FCAF2EF08F609197A8BAEC51CCD340D5F0620A3CB41964D487D DDFD0E60882A5D836480F5C04F1911A3DCE205724503F9F2C1C682DDB75E0D93 583387BA5A73FBC7D5D1CB54A63CA5EEF72DAB92D71E04F1D1031290976C570C AC1FFB336E0A87CE1654CC92C45E080A4119002172D426E1F39BA3E99B9A0E18 27FE4AD80A35AA2AAF0D103562DEAF06CC3B171AFC01519A03283894089EDDC4 AE83975075A889F8C0EE0F3A73A8F3E6583AE90FDC35C7FFB1F945AD9C933E6B CAB0FDC0AFC46CEB04B3B76987DD3F6B931D1D2682EFA7B94CC005546E51D15B 634876B8AF9B5CF419927BD58A0D2368F17D31EBBCDD7EF548D586EA659544FA FF1891098A31658D4793DCC282EC23BCE22130F56188BF3BC9E15A8C6D053EEE D43B47C8CF84670F3925D2FB69CA3C2B533ECF1E9D317945394AB4D1AFE3EA5E 28F779BF285604CD654CA4086466CD51181548A8DEC5B9F7204C199BD727B4E7 9DAD816BCBA58C7FEC215FD697F16604282BA4F7CB7C5973FB57C00041E95DEC 76BB77C74FF4301F3BB2AA343385DCFA7C5533DD667687F6E6326E7A523265A9 D7819FF6E8694D0DB5 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMSY7 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY7 1.0 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:21:52 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.0) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMSY7) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -14.035 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMSY7 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 0 /minus put dup 3 /asteriskmath put readonly def /FontBBox{-15 -951 1252 782}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMEX10 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMEX10 1.00 %%CreationDate: 1992 Jul 23 21:22:48 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.00) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMEX10) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle 0 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMEX10 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 18 /parenleftbigg put dup 19 /parenrightbigg put dup 32 /parenleftBigg put dup 33 /parenrightBigg put readonly def /FontBBox{-24 -2960 1454 772}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMR10 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR10 1.00B %%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:54:52 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.00B) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMR10) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle 0 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMR10 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 1 /Delta put dup 40 /parenleft put dup 41 /parenright put dup 43 /plus put dup 48 /zero put dup 49 /one put dup 50 /two put dup 51 /three put dup 52 /four put dup 54 /six put dup 61 /equal put dup 105 /i put dup 109 /m put dup 110 /n put readonly def /FontBBox{-251 -250 1009 969}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMMI10 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI10 1.100 %%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:57 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.100) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMMI10) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -14.04 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMMI10 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 11 /alpha put dup 12 /beta put dup 13 /gamma put dup 17 /eta put dup 26 /rho put dup 28 /tau put dup 59 /comma put dup 60 /less put dup 61 /slash put dup 62 /greater put dup 66 /B put dup 71 /G put dup 78 /N put dup 82 /R put dup 84 /T put dup 87 /W put dup 88 /X put dup 107 /k put dup 112 /p put readonly def /FontBBox{-32 -250 1048 750}readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA0529731C99A784CCBE85B4993B2EEBDE 3B12D472B7CF54651EF21185116A69AB1096ED4BAD2F646635E019B6417CC77B 532F85D811C70D1429A19A5307EF63EB5C5E02C89FC6C20F6D9D89E7D91FE470 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All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.00B) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. 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TGEL CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 485 250 125 210 TGEL CP EC NP pat5 8 352 32 264 432 TGPF GR % BOX 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 50 100 M 200 100 L 200 200 L 50 200 L CP S GR GR % TEXT NP 0 SG GS 1 W 120 140 M GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (GridFTP) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (GridFTP) SH GR 0 29 RM GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (client) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (client) SH GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 700 90 M 850 90 L 850 190 L 700 190 L CP S GR GR % TEXT NP 0 SG GS 1 W 770 130 M GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (GridFTP) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (GridFTP) SH GR 0 29 RM GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (server) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (server) SH GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 700 350 M 850 350 L 850 450 L 700 450 L CP S GR GR % TEXT NP 0 SG GS 1 W 770 390 M GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (GridFTP) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (GridFTP) SH GR 0 29 RM GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (server) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (server) SH GR GR % POLY/OPEN-SPLINE 0 SG GS NP 700 110 M 0 -500 atan DU cos 18.000 MU 200 exch SU exch sin 18.000 MU 110 exch SU L TGSM 5 W S 1 W GR GS TGSM NP 200 110 18.000 7.000 -500 0 TGAT 1 SG CP F 0 SG NP 200 110 18.000 7.000 -500 0 TGAT CP F GR % POLY/OPEN-SPLINE 0 SG GS NP 700 130 M 0 -500 atan DU cos 18.000 MU 200 exch SU exch sin 18.000 MU 130 exch SU L TGSM 5 W S 1 W GR GS TGSM NP 200 130 18.000 7.000 -500 0 TGAT 1 SG CP F 0 SG NP 200 130 18.000 7.000 -500 0 TGAT CP F GR % POLY/OPEN-SPLINE 0 SG GS NP 700 150 M 0 -500 atan DU cos 18.000 MU 200 exch SU exch sin 18.000 MU 150 exch SU L TGSM 5 W S 1 W GR GS TGSM NP 200 150 18.000 7.000 -500 0 TGAT 1 SG CP F 0 SG NP 200 150 18.000 7.000 -500 0 TGAT CP F GR % POLY/OPEN-SPLINE 0 SG GS NP 700 380 M 450 380 L 450 170 L 0 -250 atan DU cos 18.000 MU 200 exch SU exch sin 18.000 MU 170 exch SU L TGSM 5 W S 1 W GR GS TGSM NP 200 170 18.000 7.000 -250 0 TGAT 1 SG CP F 0 SG NP 200 170 18.000 7.000 -250 0 TGAT CP F GR % POLY/OPEN-SPLINE 0 SG GS NP 700 400 M 430 400 L 430 190 L 0 -230 atan DU cos 18.000 MU 200 exch SU exch sin 18.000 MU 190 exch SU L TGSM 5 W S 1 W GR GS TGSM NP 200 190 18.000 7.000 -230 0 TGAT 1 SG CP F 0 SG NP 200 190 18.000 7.000 -230 0 TGAT CP F GR % TEXT NP 0 SG GS 1 W 240 420 M GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (TCP connection) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (TCP connection) SH GR GR % TEXT NP 0 SG GS 1 W 670 310 M GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (TCP socket) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (TCP socket) SH GR 0 29 RM GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (buffer) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (buffer) SH GR GR % TEXT NP 0 SG GS 1 W 620 440 M GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (partial data) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (partial data) SH GR 0 29 RM GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (transfer) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (transfer) SH GR GR % TEXT NP 0 SG GS 1 W 340 50 M GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (parallel file) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (parallel file) SH GR 0 29 RM GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (transfer) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (transfer) SH GR GR % TEXT NP 0 SG GS 1 W 630 50 M GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (parallelism) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (parallelism) SH GR GR % TEXT NP 0 SG GS 1 W 220 250 M GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (TCP socket) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (TCP socket) SH GR 0 29 RM GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (buffer size) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (buffer size) SH GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 740 200 M 780 200 L 780 250 L 740 250 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 780 200 M 820 200 L 820 250 L 780 250 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 780 200 M 820 200 L 820 250 L 780 250 L CP EC NP pat5 8 776 192 48 64 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 780 200 M 820 200 L 820 250 L 780 250 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 630 100 M 640 100 L 640 110 L 630 110 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 630 100 M 640 100 L 640 110 L 630 110 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 640 100 M 650 100 L 650 110 L 640 110 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 640 100 M 650 100 L 650 110 L 640 110 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 650 100 M 660 100 L 660 110 L 650 110 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 650 100 M 660 100 L 660 110 L 650 110 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 660 100 M 670 100 L 670 110 L 660 110 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 660 100 M 670 100 L 670 110 L 660 110 L CP EC NP pat6 8 656 96 16 16 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 660 100 M 670 100 L 670 110 L 660 110 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 670 100 M 680 100 L 680 110 L 670 110 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 670 100 M 680 100 L 680 110 L 670 110 L CP EC NP pat6 8 664 96 24 16 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 670 100 M 680 100 L 680 110 L 670 110 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 680 100 M 690 100 L 690 110 L 680 110 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 680 100 M 690 100 L 690 110 L 680 110 L CP EC NP pat6 8 672 96 24 16 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 680 100 M 690 100 L 690 110 L 680 110 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 630 120 M 640 120 L 640 130 L 630 130 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 630 120 M 640 120 L 640 130 L 630 130 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 640 120 M 650 120 L 650 130 L 640 130 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 640 120 M 650 120 L 650 130 L 640 130 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 650 120 M 660 120 L 660 130 L 650 130 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 650 120 M 660 120 L 660 130 L 650 130 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 660 120 M 670 120 L 670 130 L 660 130 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 660 120 M 670 120 L 670 130 L 660 130 L CP EC NP pat6 8 656 112 16 24 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 660 120 M 670 120 L 670 130 L 660 130 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 670 120 M 680 120 L 680 130 L 670 130 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 670 120 M 680 120 L 680 130 L 670 130 L CP EC NP pat6 8 664 112 24 24 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 670 120 M 680 120 L 680 130 L 670 130 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 680 120 M 690 120 L 690 130 L 680 130 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 680 120 M 690 120 L 690 130 L 680 130 L CP EC NP pat6 8 672 112 24 24 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 680 120 M 690 120 L 690 130 L 680 130 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 630 140 M 640 140 L 640 150 L 630 150 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 630 140 M 640 140 L 640 150 L 630 150 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 640 140 M 650 140 L 650 150 L 640 150 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 640 140 M 650 140 L 650 150 L 640 150 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 650 140 M 660 140 L 660 150 L 650 150 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 650 140 M 660 140 L 660 150 L 650 150 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 660 140 M 670 140 L 670 150 L 660 150 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 660 140 M 670 140 L 670 150 L 660 150 L CP EC NP pat6 8 656 136 16 16 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 660 140 M 670 140 L 670 150 L 660 150 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 670 140 M 680 140 L 680 150 L 670 150 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 670 140 M 680 140 L 680 150 L 670 150 L CP EC NP pat6 8 664 136 24 16 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 670 140 M 680 140 L 680 150 L 670 150 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 680 140 M 690 140 L 690 150 L 680 150 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 680 140 M 690 140 L 690 150 L 680 150 L CP EC NP pat6 8 672 136 24 16 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 680 140 M 690 140 L 690 150 L 680 150 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 240 100 M 250 100 L 250 110 L 240 110 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 240 100 M 250 100 L 250 110 L 240 110 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 250 100 M 260 100 L 260 110 L 250 110 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 250 100 M 260 100 L 260 110 L 250 110 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 260 100 M 270 100 L 270 110 L 260 110 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 260 100 M 270 100 L 270 110 L 260 110 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 270 100 M 280 100 L 280 110 L 270 110 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 270 100 M 280 100 L 280 110 L 270 110 L CP EC NP pat6 8 264 96 24 16 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 270 100 M 280 100 L 280 110 L 270 110 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 280 100 M 290 100 L 290 110 L 280 110 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 280 100 M 290 100 L 290 110 L 280 110 L CP EC NP pat6 8 272 96 24 16 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 280 100 M 290 100 L 290 110 L 280 110 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 290 100 M 300 100 L 300 110 L 290 110 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 290 100 M 300 100 L 300 110 L 290 110 L CP EC NP pat6 8 288 96 16 16 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 290 100 M 300 100 L 300 110 L 290 110 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 240 120 M 250 120 L 250 130 L 240 130 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 240 120 M 250 120 L 250 130 L 240 130 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 250 120 M 260 120 L 260 130 L 250 130 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 250 120 M 260 120 L 260 130 L 250 130 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 260 120 M 270 120 L 270 130 L 260 130 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 260 120 M 270 120 L 270 130 L 260 130 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 270 120 M 280 120 L 280 130 L 270 130 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 270 120 M 280 120 L 280 130 L 270 130 L CP EC NP pat6 8 264 112 24 24 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 270 120 M 280 120 L 280 130 L 270 130 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 280 120 M 290 120 L 290 130 L 280 130 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 280 120 M 290 120 L 290 130 L 280 130 L CP EC NP pat6 8 272 112 24 24 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 280 120 M 290 120 L 290 130 L 280 130 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 290 120 M 300 120 L 300 130 L 290 130 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 290 120 M 300 120 L 300 130 L 290 130 L CP EC NP pat6 8 288 112 16 24 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 290 120 M 300 120 L 300 130 L 290 130 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 240 140 M 250 140 L 250 150 L 240 150 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 240 140 M 250 140 L 250 150 L 240 150 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 250 140 M 260 140 L 260 150 L 250 150 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 250 140 M 260 140 L 260 150 L 250 150 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 260 140 M 270 140 L 270 150 L 260 150 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 260 140 M 270 140 L 270 150 L 260 150 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 270 140 M 280 140 L 280 150 L 270 150 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 270 140 M 280 140 L 280 150 L 270 150 L CP EC NP pat6 8 264 136 24 16 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 270 140 M 280 140 L 280 150 L 270 150 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 280 140 M 290 140 L 290 150 L 280 150 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 280 140 M 290 140 L 290 150 L 280 150 L CP EC NP pat6 8 272 136 24 16 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 280 140 M 290 140 L 290 150 L 280 150 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 290 140 M 300 140 L 300 150 L 290 150 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 290 140 M 300 140 L 300 150 L 290 150 L CP EC NP pat6 8 288 136 16 16 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 290 140 M 300 140 L 300 150 L 290 150 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 240 160 M 250 160 L 250 170 L 240 170 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 240 160 M 250 160 L 250 170 L 240 170 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 250 160 M 260 160 L 260 170 L 250 170 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 250 160 M 260 160 L 260 170 L 250 170 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 260 160 M 270 160 L 270 170 L 260 170 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 260 160 M 270 160 L 270 170 L 260 170 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 270 160 M 280 160 L 280 170 L 270 170 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 270 160 M 280 160 L 280 170 L 270 170 L CP EC NP pat6 8 264 152 24 24 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 270 160 M 280 160 L 280 170 L 270 170 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 280 160 M 290 160 L 290 170 L 280 170 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 280 160 M 290 160 L 290 170 L 280 170 L CP EC NP pat6 8 272 152 24 24 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 280 160 M 290 160 L 290 170 L 280 170 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 290 160 M 300 160 L 300 170 L 290 170 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 290 160 M 300 160 L 300 170 L 290 170 L CP EC NP pat6 8 288 152 16 24 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 290 160 M 300 160 L 300 170 L 290 170 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 240 180 M 250 180 L 250 190 L 240 190 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 240 180 M 250 180 L 250 190 L 240 190 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 250 180 M 260 180 L 260 190 L 250 190 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 250 180 M 260 180 L 260 190 L 250 190 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG NP 260 180 M 270 180 L 270 190 L 260 190 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 260 180 M 270 180 L 270 190 L 260 190 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 270 180 M 280 180 L 280 190 L 270 190 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 270 180 M 280 180 L 280 190 L 270 190 L CP EC NP pat6 8 264 176 24 16 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 270 180 M 280 180 L 280 190 L 270 190 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 280 180 M 290 180 L 290 190 L 280 190 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 280 180 M 290 180 L 290 190 L 280 190 L CP EC NP pat6 8 272 176 24 16 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 280 180 M 290 180 L 290 190 L 280 190 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 290 180 M 300 180 L 300 190 L 290 190 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 290 180 M 300 180 L 300 190 L 290 190 L CP EC NP pat6 8 288 176 16 16 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 290 180 M 300 180 L 300 190 L 290 190 L CP S GR GR % ARC 0 SG GS GS NP 467 135 45 45 -86 86 TGAN S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS NP 740 460 M 780 460 L 780 510 L 740 510 L CP 1 SG F 0 SG NP 740 460 M 780 460 L 780 510 L 740 510 L CP EC NP pat5 8 736 456 48 56 TGPF GR GS 10 SM GS NP 740 460 M 780 460 L 780 510 L 740 510 L CP S GR GR % BOX 0 SG GS 10 SM GS NP 780 460 M 820 460 L 820 510 L 780 510 L CP S GR GR % POLY/OPEN-SPLINE 0 SG GS NP 590 70 M 30 -80 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 510 exch SU exch sin 8.000 MU 100 exch SU L TGSM 1 W S GR GS TGSM NP 510 100 8.000 3.000 -80 30 TGAT 1 SG CP F 0 SG NP 510 100 8.000 3.000 -80 30 TGAT CP F GR % POLY/OPEN-SPLINE 0 SG GS NP 660 280 M -120 0 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 660 exch SU exch sin 8.000 MU 160 exch SU L TGSM 1 W S GR GS TGSM NP 660 160 8.000 3.000 0 -120 TGAT 1 SG CP F 0 SG NP 660 160 8.000 3.000 0 -120 TGAT CP F GR % POLY/OPEN-SPLINE 0 SG GS NP 270 390 M -180 70 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 340 exch SU exch sin 8.000 MU 210 exch SU L TGSM 1 W S GR GS TGSM NP 340 210 8.000 3.000 70 -180 TGAT 1 SG CP F 0 SG NP 340 210 8.000 3.000 70 -180 TGAT CP F GR % POLY/OPEN-SPLINE 0 SG GS NP 240 210 M 0 60 atan DU cos 8.000 MU exch sin 8.000 MU RM 0 60 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 300 exch SU exch sin 8.000 MU 210 exch SU L TGSM 1 W S GR GS TGSM NP 240 210 8.000 3.000 -60 0 TGAT 1 SG CP F 0 SG NP 240 210 8.000 3.000 -60 0 TGAT CP F GR GS TGSM NP 300 210 8.000 3.000 60 0 TGAT 1 SG CP F 0 SG NP 300 210 8.000 3.000 60 0 TGAT CP F GR % TEXT NP 0 SG GS 1 W 780 280 M GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (file) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (file) SH GR GR % TEXT NP 0 SG GS 1 W 780 540 M GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (file) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (file) SH GR GR % POLY/OPEN-SPLINE 0 SG GS NP 680 460 M 30 50 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 730 exch SU exch sin 8.000 MU 490 exch SU L TGSM 1 W S GR GS TGSM NP 730 490 8.000 3.000 50 30 TGAT 1 SG CP F 0 SG NP 730 490 8.000 3.000 50 30 TGAT CP F GR % TEXT NP 0 SG GS 1 W 480 500 M GS GS 0 /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (Grid network) TGSW AD GR 2 DI NE 0 RM 0 SG /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS (Grid network) SH GR GR GR tgifsavedpage restore end showpage %%Trailer %MatchingCreationDate: Thu Nov 3 01:03:07 2005 %%DocumentFonts: Helvetica %%EOF %%EndDocument @endspecial 2312 1208 a(Fig.) 20 b(1.)g(P)o(arallel)g(data)g(transfer) f(in)i(GridFTP) 1939 1465 y(tion) 30 b(results)g(from)e(the)i(f)o(act)g (that,)g(in)f(the)h(TCP)h(congestion)c(a)n(v)n(oid-) 1939 1565 y(ance) 20 b(phase,)f(the)h(AIMD)f(windo)n(w)g(\003o)n(w)h (control)e(is)j(being)e(e)o(x)o(ecuted,) 1939 1664 y(and)i(therefore)f (aggre)o(gated)f(multiple)i(TCP)h(connections)e(can)h(trans-) 1939 1764 y(fer) 16 b(data)f(more)g(adv)n(antageously)d(through)h(the)j (netw)o(ork)e(with)i(smaller) 1939 1864 y(pack)o(et) 24 b(loss)g(probability) -5 b(.) 21 b(\(2\))j(by)f(aggre)o(gating)e (multiple)i(TCP)i(con-) 1939 1963 y(nections,)g(the)g(total)h(TCP)g (sock)o(et)g(b)n(uf)n(fer)e(size)i(a)n(v)n(ailable)f(to)h(the)f(\002le) 1939 2063 y(transfer) 18 b(increases.)g(Aggre)o(gation)d(of)p Fi 18 w(N)p Fn 27 w(TCP)k(connections)e(can)h(uti-) 1939 2162 y(lize) 36 b(as)p Fi 36 w(N)p Fn 45 w(times)g(TCP)h(sock)o(et)e(b) n(uf)n(fer)f(size)i(as)g(that)g(of)f(a)h(single) 1939 2262 y(TCP) 17 b(connection.)c(\(3\))i(by)g(aggre)o(gating)e(multiple)i (TCP)h(connections,) 1939 2362 y(ramp-up) 23 b(time)j(of)e(the)i (transfer)e(rate)h(in)g(the)g(TCP)h(slo)n(w-start)f(phase) 1939 2461 y(is) 30 b(shortened.)d(In)i(the)g(slo)n(w-start)g(phase,)f(the)h (congestion)e(windo)n(w) 1939 2561 y(doubles) 19 b(e)n(v)o(ery)g (round-trip)e(time.)j(F)o(or)g(this)g(reason,)f(through)f(the)i(ag-) 1939 2661 y(gre)o(gation)f(of)p Fi 22 w(N)p Fn 31 w(TCP)j(connections)e (the)i(speed)f(of)g(the)h(transfer)f(rate) 1939 2760 y(increase)f(becomes)p Fi 18 w(N)p Fn 30 w(times)g(as)g(f)o(ast)h(as)f (that)g(of)f(a)i(TCP)f(connection.) 2034 2860 y(Ho)n(we)n(v)o(er)m(,)j (the)j(throughput)d(drops)h(if)i(the)g(number)e(of)h(aggre)o(gate) 1939 2959 y(TCP)e(connections,)p Fi 20 w(N)p Fn 9 w(,)f(becomes)e(too)i(lar) o(ge,)e(since)i(this)h(may)e(cause) 1939 3059 y(the)g(follo)n(wing)e (situations:)h(\(1\))g(the)h(windo)n(w)e(size)i(per)f(TCP)i(connec-) 1939 3159 y(tion)d(becomes)f(smaller)m(,)h(so)g(TCP)h(timeout)e(w)o (ould)h(frequently)e(occur) -5 b(.) 1939 3258 y(\(2\)) 22 b(the)g(o)o(v)o(erhead)d(required)i(for)g(the)h(serv)o(er)g(to)g (process)g(a)g(TCP)h(pro-) 1939 3358 y(tocol)i(stack)g(w)o(ould)g (increase.)f(Therefore,)f(the)i(optimal)f(number)f(of) 1939 3458 y(TCP)j(connections,)p Fi 22 w(N)p Fn 9 w(,)e(should)g(be)g (determined)f(based)h(on)g(the)g(net-) 1939 3557 y(w)o(ork)c(status.)h (Ne)n(v)o(ertheless,)e(ho)n(w)h(to)h(optimize)e(the)i(number)d(of)i (par)n(-) 1939 3657 y(allel)d(TCP)h(connections,)p Fi 14 w(N)p Fn 9 w(,)e(in)h(GridFTP)f(has)h(not)f(suf)n(\002ciently)g (been) 1939 3756 y(studied)k(and)g(still)h(remains)f(as)g(an)h(open)e (issue.)p Fk 1939 3935 a(3.) 33 b(A) -5 b(utomatic) 25 b(P)o(arameter)h(Con\002guration) 2047 4035 y(Mechanism)g(f)n(or)e (GridFTP)p Fl 1939 4213 a(3.1)g(Design)d(Strategy)p Fn 1939 4392 a(First,) 31 b(the)f(basic)h(principles)e(for)h(designing)e (automatic)h(parameter) 1939 4491 y(con\002guration) 18 b(mechanism)h(for)g(GridFTP)h(is)h(e)o(xplained.) 2034 4591 y(It)k(is)h(e)o(xtremely)d(important)h(to)h(pro)o(vide)d(the)j (compatibility)f(with) 1939 4690 y(e)o(xisting)c(GridFTP)h(in)g (designing)e(an)i(automatic)f(parameter)f(con\002g-) 1939 4790 y(uration) 27 b(mechanism)g(for)h(GridFTP) -9 b(.) 27 b(GridFTP)h(is)h(implemented)e(in) 1939 4890 y(the)k(Glob)n(us)f(T) -7 b(oolkit) 29 b(and)h(has)g(been)g(spreading)e(rapidly)h(in)h(recent) 1939 4989 y(years.)c(Since)h(a)g(number)d(of)i(GridFTP)h(serv)o(ers)e (ha)n(v)o(e)h(already)g(been) 1939 5089 y(in) 20 b(operation,)e(it)j (is)f(preferable)e(to)i(realize)g(the)g(automatic)e(parameter) 1939 5189 y(con\002guration)j(mechanism)g(at)j(the)e(side)i(of)e(GridFTP)h (client.)g(Addi-) 1939 5288 y(tionally) -5 b(,) 24 b(it)j(is)f(also)g (f)o(a)n(v)n(orable)e(to)i(establish)f(the)h(automatic)e(param-) 1939 5388 y(eter) 33 b(con\002guration)d(mechanism)i(without)g(changing)f (the)i(e)o(xisting) 1939 5487 y(GridFTP) 21 b(protocol)e(so)j(as)g(to)f (interconnect)e(with)i(e)o(xisting)f(GridFTP) 1939 5587 y(serv)o(ers.) 28 b(If)h(the)g(automatic)f(parameter)f(con\002guration) f(is)k(e)o(x)o(ecuted) 1939 5687 y(on)k(the)g(side)g(of)f(GridFTP)h (client,)g(it)g(will)h(be)f(dif)n(\002cult)f(to)h(realize) 1939 5786 y(the) 22 b(automatic)e(parameter)g(con\002guration)e(in)k(the)f (third-party)e(trans-) 1939 5886 y(fer) -5 b(.) 20 b(Nonetheless,)f(it) i(should)e(not)h(be)g(so)g(problematic)e(because)i(most)p dyy eop end %%Page: 3 3 TeXDict begin 3 2 bop Fn -246 47 a(of) 36 b(the)g(transfers)f(are)h(e)o (x)o(ecuted)e(between)h(GridFTP)g(serv)o(ers)g(and) -246 147 y(clients.) -151 246 y(Ne)o(xt,) 27 b(it)i(is)g(desirable)e(that)h (the)g(automatic)f(parameter)g(con\002gu-) -246 346 y(ration)c (mechanism)g(for)g(GridFTP)g(can)g(easily)h(be)g(installed)f(in)h(Grid) -246 446 y(computing) 14 b(en)m(vironment.)e(Generally) -5 b(,) 14 b(Grid)h(computing)f(is)i(featured) -246 545 y(by) 28 b(the)g(heterogeneity)d(of)j(computers)f(and)g(netw)o(orks)g (constituting) -246 645 y(Grid.) 22 b(Therefore,)d(the)j(automatic)f (parameter)g(con\002guration)e(mech-) -246 745 y(anism) 29 b(needs)f(to)g(operate)g(in)g(v)n(arious)g(computer)e(en)m(vironments)g (as) -246 844 y(well) 33 b(as)h(v)n(arious)d(netw)o(ork)h(en)m (vironments.)d(F)o(or)k(this)g(reason,)f(it)h(is) -246 944 y(preferable)c(for)h(the)g(automatic)f(parameter)g(con\002guration) f(mecha-) -246 1043 y(nism) 37 b(to)g(be)f(realized)g(in)g(the)h(Grid)f (middle)n(w)o(are)f(layer) -5 b(.) 36 b(In)h(other) -246 1143 y(w)o(ords,) 27 b(it)h(is)g(important)d(for)h(the)h(automatic)g (parameter)e(con\002gura-) -246 1243 y(tion) 34 b(mechanism)e(to)i(a)n (v)n(oid)f(using)g(an)o(y)g(functionality)e(speci\002c)j(to) -246 1342 y(certain) 26 b(operating)f(systems)i(or)f(netw)o(ork)f(de)n (vices)h(on)g(the)h(comput-) -246 1442 y(ers.)i(Currently) -5 b(,) 27 b(most)i(of)g(the)g(computers)e(use)i(the)g(transport)e(layer) -246 1542 y(communication)d(protocol)h(based)h(on)g(TCP)h(v)o(ersion)e (Reno.)h(There-) -246 1641 y(fore,) 18 b(it)h(is)g(reasonable)e(to)h (assume)g(the)g(transport)f(layer)h(communica-) -246 1741 y(tion)i(protocol)f(to)h(be)g(TCP)h(v)o(ersion)e(Reno.)p Fl -246 1919 a(3.2) 24 b(Basic)d(Idea)p Fn -246 2098 a(In)h([11)o(],)g(the)h(GridFTP)f(goodput)e(in)i(steady)g(state)h(is)h (approximately) -246 2197 y(deri)n(v)o(ed) 19 b(as)p Fi -10 2400 a(G)p Fm 83 w(')p Fh 83 w(min)p Fg 438 2283 a(\022)p Fi 509 2344 a(N)k(W)p 509 2381 180 4 v 567 2457 a(R) 699 2400 y(;) 306 2571 y(N)p Fh 36 w(\()q(1)p Fm 17 w(\000)p Fi 19 w(p)p Ff 627 2541 a(\003)p Fh 664 2571 a(\))p 306 2608 391 4 v 442 2684 a(2)p Fi 14 w(R)p Fg 721 2510 a(\022)p Fm 782 2627 a(\000)p Fh(3) 17 b(+)p Fm 999 2510 a(p)p 1068 2510 320 4 v Fh 1068 2571 a(6)h(+)g(21)p Fi 14 w(p)p Ff 1351 2547 a(\003)p 999 2608 389 4 v Fm 1119 2625 a(p)p 1188 2625 80 4 v Fi 1188 2684 a(p)p Ff 1230 2660 a(\003)p Fg 1398 2510 a(\023\023)p Fn 1724 2627 a(\(1\))p Fi 35 3030 a(p)p Ff 77 2996 a(\003)p Fm 138 3030 a(')p Fg 226 2888 a( )p Fm 291 3030 a(\000)p Fh(2)g(+) 509 2974 y(2)p Fi 14 w(B)f(R)p 509 3011 201 4 v 571 3087 a(N)p Fh 737 3030 a(+) 830 2974 y(2)p 830 3011 42 4 v 830 3087 a(3)p Fg 896 2913 a(\022)p Fi 967 2974 a(B)h(R)p 967 3011 145 4 v 1001 3087 a(N)p Fg 1121 2913 a(\023)p Fe 1182 2930 a(2)p Fg 1220 2888 a(!)p Ff 1285 2906 a(\000)p Fe(1)p Fn 1724 3030 a(\(2\)) -246 3272 y(where)p Fi 22 w(G)p Fn 23 w(is) 23 b(the)f(GridFTP)g(goodput,)p Fi 19 w(N)p Fn 32 w(is)h(the)f(number)e(of)i(parallel) -246 3372 y(TCP) 32 b(connections,)p Fi 28 w(W)p Fn 43 w(is)f(the)g(TCP)g (sock)o(et)f(b)n(uf)n(fer)f(size)i(for)f(each) -246 3471 y(TCP)g(connection,)p Fi 26 w(B)p Fn 33 w(is)f(the)g(bandwidth)d(for)i (the)g(bottleneck)f(link,)p Fi -246 3571 a(R)p Fn 23 w(is)c(the)e(round-trip)e(time)j(of)f(the)g(TCP)i(connections,)c(and)p Fi 21 w(p)p Ff 1582 3541 a(\003)p Fn 1642 3571 a(is)k(the) -246 3670 y(pack)o(et)i(loss)h(probability)e(in)h(the)h(netw)o(ork.)e (Equation)f(\(1\))i(indicates) -246 3770 y(that) 16 b(the)g(GridFTP)g (goodput)p Fi 14 w(G)p Fn 16 w(is)h(a)f(con)m(v)o(e)o(x)e(function)g (of)i(the)g(number)p Fi -246 3870 a(N)p Fn 36 w(of) 26 b(parallel)g(TCP)i(connections.)c(Thus,)i(the)g(number)f(of)h(parallel) -246 3969 y(TCP) 20 b(connections,)p Fi 17 w(N)p Fn 9 w(,)g(should)e(be)h(selected)g(so)g(as)h(to)g(maximize)e(the) -246 4069 y(GridFTP)g(goodput)p Fi 15 w(G)p Fn(.)g(Ho)n(we)n(v)o(er)m(,)e (Eq.)h(\(1\))g(also)h(indicates)f(that)h(other) -246 4169 y(parameters) 28 b(such)h(as)h(the)f(bottleneck)e(link)i (bandwidth)p Fi 27 w(B)p Fn 33 w(and)g(the) -246 4268 y(TCP)e(connection)d(round-trip)f(time)p Fi 26 w(R)p Fn 28 w(should)i(be)g(kno)n(wn)g(in)h(order) -246 4368 y(to)d(determine)e(the)i(optimal)f(number)f(of)p Fi 22 w(N)p Fn 9 w(.)i(This)f(paper)g(proposes)f(a) -246 4467 y(mechanism)k(to)h(automatically)f(con\002gure)f(the)i(number)e(of)h (parallel) -246 4567 y(TCP)k(connections)e(on)g(the)h(side)h(of)f (GridFTP)f(client)i(by)e(using)h(the) -246 4667 y(analysis) 21 b(result)f(as)h(formulated)d(in)i(Eq.)g(\(1\).) -151 4766 y(The)k(basic)h(idea)g(is)h(to)f(search)g(for)f(the)h(number)e(of) i(parallel)f(TCP) -246 4866 y(connections,)p Fi 16 w(N)p Fn 9 w(,) 18 b(which)g(maximizes)f(Eq.)h(\(1\))f(while)h(measuring)f (the) -246 4966 y(netw)o(ork) 27 b(status)i(\(i.e.,)f(the)g(GridFTP)g (goodput)e(and)h(the)i(round-trip) -246 5065 y(time\)) 16 b(on)f(the)g(side)h(of)f(GridFTP)g(client.)g(Equation)f(\(1\))h(sho)n (ws)g(that)h(the) -246 5165 y(GridFTP)g(goodput)d(is)j(upper)n(-bound)c (by)p Fi 15 w(N) 22 b(W)r(=R)p Fn 17 w(when) 15 b(the)h(number) -246 5264 y(of) 30 b(parallel)f(TCP)h(connections,)p Fi 28 w(N)p Fn 9 w(,)f(is)i(too)e(small.)h(Therefore,)d(the) -246 5364 y(idea)h(is)h(to)f(\002rstly)g(\002x)g(the)g(number)e(of)i (parallel)f(TCP)i(connections,)p Fi -246 5464 a(N)p Fn 9 w(,)d(and)f(transfer)g(a)h(chunk)e(of)i(the)f(\002le)i(to)f(be)f (transferred)f(and)h(then) -246 5563 y(measure) 19 b(the)g(goodput)p Fi 17 w(G)p Fn 20 w(as)g(well)h(as)g(the)f(round-trip)d(time)p Fi 20 w(R)p Fn 20 w(on)j(the) -246 5663 y(side)g(of)f(GridFTP)g (client.)g(Whether)g(the)g(current)f(number)f(of)i(parallel) -246 5763 y(TCP) 29 b(connections,)p Fi 26 w(N)p Fn 9 w(,)f(is)g(lar)o(ger)f (than)g(the)h(optimal)f(v)n(alue)g(can)h(be) -246 5862 y(assessed) 17 b(by)e(e)n(v)n(aluating)f(the)i(relationship)e(between)p Fi 15 w(G)p Fn 17 w(and)p Fi 15 w(N) 22 b(W)r(=R)p Fn -246 5962 a(after)k(transferring)d(the)j(chunk.)e(Based)i(on)f(this)h (result,)g(the)g(number) -246 6061 y(of) 19 b(parallel)f(TCP)h (connections,)p Fi 16 w(N)p Fn 9 w(,)g(is)h(updated,)c(and)i(another)f (chunk) 1939 47 y(is)k(then)f(transferred.)e(By)i(repeating)f(this)i (procedure,)c(the)j(number)e(of) 1939 147 y(parallel) 27 b(TCP)h(connections)e(can)h(automatically)e(be)j(con\002gured)c(so) 1939 246 y(as)d(to)g(maximize)e(the)h(GridFTP)g(goodput.)p Fl 1939 425 a(3.3)k(Measuring)d(Netw)o(ork)e(Status)p Fn 1939 603 a(This) 31 b(section)g(e)o(xplains)f(ho)n(w)g(to)h(measure) f(the)g(netw)o(ork)g(status)h(on) 1939 703 y(the) 22 b(side)g(of)f(GridFTP)g(client.)h(Note)f(that)h(the)g(GridFTP)f (goodput)p Fi 19 w(G)p Fn(,) 1939 803 y(the)k(TCP)f(sock)o(et)g(b)n(uf) n(fer)f(size)p Fi 25 w(W)p Fn 12 w(,)h(and)g(the)g(round-trip)d(time)p Fi 25 w(R)p Fn 1 w(,)j(are) 1939 902 y(measurable) 19 b(in)i(the)f(middle)n(w)o(are)f(layer) -5 b(.) 2034 1002 y(The) 31 b(GridFTP)f(goodput)f(can)i(be)g(calculated)f(from)g(the)h (size)h(of) 1939 1102 y(a) 27 b(chunk)e(and)g(its)j(transfer)d(time,)h (which)g(is)h(measured)e(by)h(transfer)n(-) 1939 1201 y(ring)c(the)h(chunk)f(in)g(the)h(e)o(xtended)e(block)h(mode)g([4)o(].) h(Speci\002cally) -5 b(,) 21 b(a) 1939 1301 y(chunk)g(is)i(transferred) e(by)p Fj 22 w(ERET)p Fn 21 w(or)p Fj 22 w(ESTO)p Fn 21 w(command)f(in)j(GridFTP') -5 b(s) 1939 1400 y(e)o(xtended) 29 b(block)h(mode)g(while)h(measuring)e(its)j(response)e(time,)p Fi 30 w(T)p Fn 12 w(.) 1939 1500 y(Since) 17 b(the)f(response)f(to)p Fj 17 w(ERET)p Fn 15 w(or)p Fj 16 w(ESTO)p Fn 15 w(command)g(is)i (returned)d(when) 1939 1600 y(the) 23 b(chunk)e(transfer)g(is)i (completed)e([4)o(],)i(the)f(GridFTP)g(goodput)e(can) 1939 1699 y(be) 31 b(calculated)e(as)p Fi 31 w(G)p Fh 42 w(=)p Fi 41 w(X=T)p Fn 41 w(from)g(the)i(size)f(of)g(the)h(transferred) 1939 1799 y(chunk,)p Fi 19 w(X)p Fn 7 w(,) 20 b(and)f(the)h(response)g (time,)p Fi 20 w(T)p Fn 12 w(.) 2034 1899 y(The) 27 b(TCP)i(sock)o(et)f (b)n(uf)n(fer)e(size)j(on)e(the)h(side)h(of)e(GridFTP)h(client) 1939 1998 y(can) 18 b(easily)g(be)g(obtained)e(with)i(the)g(use)g(of)g(the)f (sock)o(et)h(API.)g(GridFTP) 1939 2098 y(has)k(a)g(feature)e(to)i (statically)g(con\002gure)d(the)j(sock)o(et)f(b)n(uf)n(fer)f(size)i (\(i.e.,)p Fj 1939 2197 a(SBUF)p Fn 16 w(command\)) 14 b([4)o(],)j(and)f(the)g(TCP)i(sock)o(et)e(b)n(uf)n(fer)g(size)h(on)f (the)h(side) 1939 2297 y(of)g(the)f(serv)o(er)g(can)g(be)h(obtained)e (using)h(this)h(feature)f(\(more)f(precisely) -5 b(,) 1939 2397 y(it) 36 b(can)e(be)h(con\002gured)e(to)i(the)f(v)n(alue)g (speci\002ed)h(by)f(the)h(GridFTP) 1939 2496 y(client\).)c(Either)g (the)h(TCP)g(sock)o(et)g(b)n(uf)n(fer)e(size)i(of)f(GridFTP)h(client) 1939 2596 y(or) 20 b(that)g(of)f(GridFTP)h(serv)o(er)m(,)e(which)i(has) g(the)g(smaller)f(v)n(alue,)g(will)i(be) 1939 2696 y(used)f(as)p Fi 21 w(W)p Fn 33 w(in)g(Eq.)g(\(1\).) 2034 2795 y(The) 31 b(round-trip)d(time)p Fi 31 w(R)p Fn 33 w(can)j(be)g(obtained)f(by)g (measuring)g(the) 1939 2895 y(command) 44 b(response)h(time)i(in)f(the) g(GridFTP)g(control)e(channel.) 1939 2994 y(Speci\002cally) -5 b(,) 37 b(the)h(response)e(time)p Fi 38 w(R)p Fd 3102 3006 a(i)p Fn 3168 2994 a(is)i(measured)f(when)g(com-) 1939 3094 y(mands) 28 b(such)h(as)p Fj 29 w(USER)p Fn(,)p Fj 28 w(PASS)p Fn(,)p Fj 27 w(SITE)p Fn(,)p Fj 27 w(FEAT)p Fn(,)p Fj 28 w(TYPE)p Fn(,)p Fj 27 w(MODE)p Fn(,)p Fj 27 w(SIZE)p Fn(,)p Fj 1939 3194 a(OPTS)p Fn(,)p Fj 22 w(NOOP)p Fn(,) 22 b(and)p Fj 23 w(PBSZ)p Fn 22 w(are)i(e)o(x)o(ecuted)d (by)i(GridFTP)g(client.)g(It)h(can) 1939 3293 y(be)f(assumed)e(that)i (GridFTP)f(serv)o(er)f(w)o(ould)h(instantly)g(complete)f(the) 1939 3393 y(process) 35 b(of)h(these)f(commands.)f(F)o(or)h(this)h(reason,)e (the)i(round-trip) 1939 3493 y(time)p Fi 35 w(R)p Fn 35 w(can)e(be)g(approximated)e(by)h(the)i(response)e(time)h(to)h(these) 1939 3592 y(commands.) 29 b(More)h(precisely) -5 b(,) 29 b(the)h(running)e(a)n(v)o(erage)i(of)g(response) 1939 3692 y(times;)j(i.e.,)p Fi 31 w(R)p Fm 45 w( )p Fi 45 w(R)p Fh 1 w(\(1)p Fm 26 w(\000)p Fi 27 w(\032)p Fh(\)) 27 b(+)p Fi 27 w(R)p Fd 3078 3704 a(i)p Fi 3105 3692 a(\032)p Fn 33 w(is) 32 b(used)g(as)g(the)g(estimated) 1939 3791 y(round-trip)c(time)p Fi 31 w(R)p Fn 32 w(where)p Fi 30 w(\032)p Fh(\(0)p Fi 43 w(<) 42 b(\032)g(<)p Fh 43 w(1\))p Fn 31 w(is) 31 b(a)h(parameter) -5 b(.) 29 b(As) 1939 3891 y(e)o(xplained)e(abo)o(v)o(e,)f(measurement)h(is)i(possible)f(by)g (a)h(passi)n(v)o(e)f(mea-) 1939 3991 y(surement)g(method)g(that)h(does) g(not)f(b)n(urden)g(the)h(netw)o(ork)f(by)g(using) 1939 4090 y(just) 21 b(control)e(pack)o(ets)h(or)g(data)g(pack)o(ets)g(of)g (GridFTP) -9 b(.) 2034 4190 y(On) 21 b(the)g(other)f(hand,)g(among)f (the)i(v)n(ariables)f(that)h(are)g(included)f(in) 1939 4290 y(Eq.)j(\(1\),)f(measurement)f(of)h(the)h(bottleneck)e(link)i (bandwidth)p Fi 21 w(B)p Fn 27 w(and) 1939 4389 y(the)e(pack)o(et)g (loss)h(probability)p Fi 19 w(p)p Ff 2879 4359 a(\003)p Fn 2938 4389 a(in)g(the)f(netw)o(ork)f(is)i(dif)n(\002cult)e(on)h(the) 1939 4489 y(side) 32 b(of)f(GridFTP)f(client.)h(At)h(present,)e(it)i (is)g(dif)n(\002cult)e(to)i(measure) 1939 4588 y(the)c(bottleneck)e (link)h(bandwidth)p Fi 26 w(B)p Fn 32 w(or)g(the)h(pack)o(et)f(loss)h (probabil-) 1939 4688 y(ity)p Fi 31 w(p)p Ff 2100 4658 a(\003)p Fn 2170 4688 a(at)j(the)g(middle)n(w)o(are)e(layer)i(using)f (a)h(passi)n(v)o(e)g(measurement) 1939 4788 y(method.) 24 b(Should)f(features)i(speci\002c)g(to)g(certain)f(operating)f(systems) 1939 4887 y(or) 33 b(netw)o(ork)g(de)n(vices)f(on)h(the)h(computers)d (be)j(used,)f(it)h(w)o(ould)e(be-) 1939 4987 y(come) 23 b(possible)f(to)h(measure)f(the)h(bottleneck)e(link)i(bandwidth)p Fi 21 w(B)p Fn 27 w(or) 1939 5087 y(the) 32 b(pack)o(et)f(loss)i (probability)p Fi 29 w(p)p Ff 2921 5056 a(\003)p Fn 2959 5087 a(.)f(Ho)n(we)n(v)o(er)m(,)e(ease)i(of)f(installation) 1939 5186 y(and/or) 20 b(deplo)o(yment)f(in)j(the)f(Grid)g(computing)e(en)m (vironment)f(should) 1939 5286 y(be) 28 b(compromised.)c(Lik)o(e)n (wise,)k(e)n(v)o(en)e(if)i(the)f(bottleneck)f(link)h(band-) 1939 5385 y(width)p Fi 26 w(B)p Fn 30 w(or)e(the)h(pack)o(et)f(loss)h (probability)p Fi 24 w(p)p Ff 3301 5355 a(\003)p Fn 3365 5385 a(could)f(also)h(be)f(mea-) 1939 5485 y(sured) 20 b(by)g(emplo)o(ying)f(an)h(acti)n(v)o(e)g(measurement)f(method)g (\(e.g.,)h(gen-) 1939 5585 y(erating)e(UDP/ICMP)h(pack)o(et)f(for)g (measurement)f(in)i(the)f(middle)n(w)o(are) 1939 5684 y(layer\),)k(the)h(compatibility)e(with)i(e)o(xisting)f(GridFTP)g(serv) o(ers)h(w)o(ould) 1939 5784 y(be)d(impaired.)p dyy eop end %%Page: 4 4 TeXDict begin 4 3 bop Fl -246 48 a(3.4) 24 b(Adjusting)c(the)h(Number)g (of)f(P)o(arallel)f(TCP)i(Connections)p Fn -246 226 a(This)d(section)f (e)o(xplains)f(ho)n(w)h(to)h(adjust)f(the)g(number)f(of)h(parallel)g (TCP) -246 326 y(connections,)p Fi 20 w(N)p Fn 9 w(,)k(so)h(as)g(to)f (maximize)g(the)g(GridFTP)g(goodput)e(after) -246 426 y(measuring) 27 b(the)i(netw)o(ork)e(status.)h(The)h(automatic)e (parameter)g(con-) -246 525 y(\002guration)c(mechanism)f(proposed)g(in) i(this)h(paper)e(transfers)g(chunks) -246 625 y(of) 16 b(a)h(\002le)g(while)g(measuring)e(the)h(GridFTP)g(goodput,)e(the)j (TCP)g(sock)o(et) -246 724 y(b)n(uf)n(fer)k(size)p Fi 22 w(W)p Fn 12 w(,)h(and)f(the)h(round-trip)d(time)p Fi 22 w(R)p Fn 1 w(.)i(Based)h(on)g(this)g(infor)n(-) -246 824 y(mation,) 15 b(the)h(number)e(of)h(parallel)g(TCP)i(connections,)p Fi 13 w(N)p Fn 9 w(,)f(will)h(be)e(ad-) -246 924 y(justed.) 23 b(F)o(or)f(adjusting)g(the)h(number)e(of)h(parallel)g(TCP)i (connections,)p Fi -246 1023 a(N)p Fn 9 w(,)d(three)e(operation)g (modes)g(as)i(described)e(belo)n(w)h(are)g(discussed.)p Fm -227 1136 a(\017)p Fc 32 w(M)p Fn(I)g(\(Multiplicati)n(v)o(e)e (Increase\))h(Mode) -151 1236 y(The) 27 b(MI)g(mode)g(starts)h(from)e (a)i(small)g(number)e(of)h(parallel)g(TCP) -246 1335 y(connections,)p Fi 17 w(N)p Fn 9 w(,) 19 b(and)f(multiplicati)n(v)o (ely)f(increases)h(it)i(until)e(the)h(TCP) -246 1435 y(sock)o(et)h(b)n(uf)n(fer)e(size)i(becomes)f(not)g(the)g(bottleneck)f (that)i(impedes)f(the) -246 1535 y(GridFTP) 29 b(goodput.)d(In)i(the)h (follo)n(wing,)e(let)p Fi 29 w(N)p Fe 1180 1547 a(0)p Fn 1246 1535 a(denote)h(the)g(initial) -246 1634 y(v)n(alue) 37 b(of)g(the)h(number)d(of)i(parallel)g(TCP)i(connections,)p Fi 35 w(\015)p Fh 5 w(\()p Fi(>)p Fh 54 w(1\))p Fn -246 1734 a(denote) 32 b(a)h(multiplicati)n(v)o(e)e(increase)h(f)o(actor)m (,)g(and)p Fi 32 w(\021)p Fh 3 w(\(0)p Fi 46 w(<) 45 b(\021)p Fm 50 w(\024)p Fh 45 w(1\))p Fn -246 1834 a(denote) 20 b(a)g(control)f(parameter) -5 b(.) 19 b(The)h(operation)f(algorithm)f (of)i(the)h(MI) -246 1933 y(mode)f(is)h(as)g(follo)n(ws.) -210 2033 y(\(i\).) 6 b(Initialize) 20 b(the)g(number)f(of)g(parallel)h(TCP) h(connections.)p Fi 621 2199 a(N)p Fm 32 w( )p Fi 23 w(N)p Fe 893 2211 a(0)p Fn 1724 2199 a(\(3\)) -233 2366 y(\(ii\).) 6 b(T)m(ransfer) 23 b(a)i(chunk)e(and)g(then)h(measure)g (the)g(GridFTP)g(goodput)p Fi -104 2465 a(G)p Fn 21 w(and)c(the)g (round-trip)d(time)p Fi 21 w(R)p Fn 1 w(.) -256 2565 y(\(iii\).) 6 b(If) 20 b(the)h(follo)n(wing)e(inequality)g(is)i (satis\002ed,)g(conjecture)e(the)h(TCP) -104 2664 y(sock)o(et)f(b)n(uf) n(fer)g(size)h(is)g(the)g(bottleneck)e(and)h(proceed)e(to)j(the)g(step) -104 2764 y(\(i)n(v\).)f(Otherwise,)h(terminate)f(the)i(algorithm.)p Fi 515 2962 a(G)i(>)g(\021)p Fm 22 w(\002)p Fi 847 2906 a(N)f(W)p 847 2943 180 4 v 905 3019 a(R)p Fn 1724 2962 a(\(4\)) -250 3142 y(\(i)n(v\).) 6 b(Increase) 28 b(the)h(number)f(of)h (parallel)f(TCP)i(connections)e(as)h(fol-) -104 3242 y(lo)n(ws,) 20 b(and)g(return)f(to)h(the)h(step)f(\(ii\).)p Fi 561 3408 a(N)p Fm 32 w( )p Fi 23 w(\015)p Fm 23 w(\002)p Fi 18 w(N)p Fn 742 w(\(5\))p Fm -246 3574 a(\017)p Fc 14 w(M)p Fn(I+)g(\(Multiplicati)n(v)o(e)e(Increase)h(Plus\))i(Mode) -151 3674 y(The)h(MI+)h(mode)f(starts)h(from)f(a)h(small)g(number)e(of)i (parallel)f(TCP) -246 3774 y(connections,)p Fi 17 w(N)p Fn 9 w(,)d(and)f(multiplicati)n(v)o(ely)f(increases)h(it)i(until)e(the) h(TCP) -246 3873 y(sock)o(et) 35 b(b)n(uf)n(fer)e(size)j(becomes)d(not) i(the)g(bottleneck)e(that)i(impedes) -246 3973 y(the) 21 b(GridFTP)f(goodput.)d(It)k(then)f(optimizes)g(the)g(number)e(of)i (parallel) -246 4072 y(TCP)k(connections,)p Fi 21 w(N)p Fn 9 w(,)f(using)f(the)h(result)g(of)f(the)h(steady)g(state)g(anal-) -246 4172 y(ysis)h(\(Eq.)e(\(1\)\).)g(In)h(the)f(follo)n(wing,)f(let)p Fi 24 w(N)p Fe 996 4184 a(0)p Fn 1056 4172 a(denote)h(the)h(initial)h (v)n(alue) -246 4272 y(of)j(the)f(number)f(of)h(parallel)g(TCP)h (connections,)p Fi 25 w(\015)p Fh 5 w(\()p Fi(>)p Fh 34 w(1\))p Fn 27 w(denote)e(a) -246 4371 y(multiplicati)n(v)o(e) 19 b(increase)g(f)o(actor)m(,)g(and)p Fi 20 w(\021)p Fh 3 w(\(0)p Fi 23 w(<)j(\021)p Fm 26 w(\024)p Fh 23 w(1\))p Fn 20 w(denote)d(a)i(con-) -246 4471 y(trol)g(parameter) -5 b(.) 19 b(The)h(operation)e(algorithm)h(of)h(the)h(MI+)f(mode)g(is)h (as) -246 4571 y(follo)n(ws.) -210 4670 y(\(i\).) 6 b(Initialize) 20 b(the)g(number)f(of)g(parallel)h(TCP)h(connections.)p Fi 621 4837 a(N)p Fm 32 w( )p Fi 23 w(N)p Fe 893 4849 a(0)p Fn 1724 4837 a(\(6\)) -233 5003 y(\(ii\).) 6 b(T)m(ransfer) 22 b(the)i(chunk,)d(and)i(then)g(measure)g(the)g(GridFTP)h(good-) -104 5103 y(put)p Fi 20 w(G)p Fn 21 w(and)c(the)g(round-trip)d(time)p Fi 21 w(R)p Fn 1 w(.) -256 5202 y(\(iii\).) 6 b(If) 20 b(the)h(follo)n(wing)e(inequality)g(is)i(satis\002ed,)g(conjecture)e (the)h(TCP) -104 5302 y(sock)o(et)f(b)n(uf)n(fer)g(size)h(is)g(the)g (bottleneck)e(and)h(proceed)e(to)j(the)g(step) -104 5401 y(\(i)n(v\).)f(Otherwise,)h(proceed)f(to)h(the)g(step)h(\(v\).)p Fi 515 5599 a(G)i(>)g(\021)p Fm 22 w(\002)p Fi 847 5543 a(N)f(W)p 847 5580 V 905 5656 a(R)p Fn 1724 5599 a(\(7\)) -250 5779 y(\(i)n(v\).) 6 b(Increase) 28 b(the)h(number)f(of)h(parallel)f (TCP)i(connections)e(as)h(fol-) -104 5879 y(lo)n(ws,) 20 b(and)g(return)f(to)h(the)h(step)f(\(ii\).)p Fi 561 6045 a(N)p Fm 32 w( )p Fi 23 w(\015)p Fm 23 w(\002)p Fi 18 w(N)p Fn 742 w(\(8\)) 1956 47 y(\(v\).) 6 b(Numerically) 15 b(deri)n(v)o(e)f(the)i(optimal)f(v)n(alue)g(of)h(the)g(number)e(of)h (par)n(-) 2081 147 y(allel) 24 b(TCP)g(connections,)d(which)h (maximizes)h(the)g(second)f(term) 2081 246 y(of)f(the)h(right-hand)c (side)k(of)f(Eq.)g(\(1\).)f(Con\002gure)g(the)i(number)d(of) 2081 346 y(parallel) 27 b(TCP)i(connections)d(to)h(that)h(v)n(alue)f(and)g (terminate)g(the) 2081 446 y(algorithm.)p Fm 1939 561 a(\017)p Fc 14 w(A)p Fn(IMD) 53 b(\(Additi)n(v)o(e)e(Increase)h(and)h (Multiplicati)n(v)o(e)e(Decrease\)) 1939 661 y(Mode) 2034 761 y(The) 15 b(AIMD)g(mode)g(starts)h(from)e(a)i(small)g(number)e(of)h (parallel)g(TCP) 1939 860 y(connections,)p Fi 24 w(N)p Fn 9 w(,) 26 b(and)g(additi)n(v)o(ely)e(increases)i(it)g(if)g(the)g (TCP)h(sock)o(et) 1939 960 y(b)n(uf)n(fer)e(size)i(is)h(the)e (bottleneck)f(or)h(otherwise)g(multiplicati)n(v)o(ely)e(de-) 1939 1059 y(crease) 30 b(it.)g(In)f(the)g(follo)n(wing,)f(let)p Fi 30 w(N)p Fe 3056 1071 a(0)p Fn 3123 1059 a(denote)g(the)i(initial)f (v)n(alue)g(of) 1939 1159 y(the) 19 b(number)e(of)h(parallel)g(TCP)h (connections,)p Fi 16 w(\013)p Fh(\()p Fi(>)p Fh 24 w(1\))p Fn 19 w(denote)e(an)h(ad-) 1939 1259 y(diti)n(v)o(e) 26 b(increase)h(f)o(actor)m(,)p Fi 25 w(\014)p Fh 4 w(\(0)p Fi 35 w(<) 35 b(\014)k(<)p Fh 35 w(1\))p Fn 27 w(denote) 25 b(a)i(multiplicati)n(v)o(e) 1939 1358 y(decrease) 20 b(f)o(actor)m(,)g(and)p Fi 20 w(\021)p Fh 3 w(\(0)p Fi 24 w(<)j(\021)p Fm 28 w(\024)p Fh 23 w(1\))p Fn 21 w(denote)d(a)h (control)e(parameter) -5 b(.) 1939 1458 y(The) 20 b(operation)f (algorithm)f(of)i(the)g(AIMD)g(mode)g(is)h(as)g(follo)n(ws.) 1975 1558 y(\(i\).) 6 b(Initialize) 20 b(the)g(number)f(of)h(parallel)f(TCP) i(connections.)p Fi 2806 1737 a(N)p Fm 32 w( )p Fi 23 w(N)p Fe 3078 1749 a(0)p Fn 3909 1737 a(\(9\)) 1952 1917 y(\(ii\).) 6 b(T)m(ransfer) 15 b(the)h(chunk)f(and)h(then)g(measure)f (the)h(GridFTP)g(goodput)p Fi 2081 2017 a(G)p Fn 21 w(and)k(the)g (round-trip)d(time)p Fi 21 w(R)p Fn 1 w(.) 1929 2116 y(\(iii\).) 6 b(If) 20 b(the)h(follo)n(wing)e(inequality)g(is)i (satis\002ed,)g(conjecture)e(the)h(TCP) 2081 2216 y(sock)o(et)f(b)n(uf) n(fer)g(size)h(is)g(the)g(bottleneck)e(and)h(proceed)e(to)j(the)g(step) 2081 2315 y(\(i)n(v\).)f(Otherwise,)h(proceed)f(to)h(the)g(step)h (\(v\).)p Fi 2700 2526 a(G)i(>)g(\021)p Fm 22 w(\002)p Fi 3032 2470 a(N)f(W)p 3032 2507 V 3090 2583 a(R)p Fn 3868 2526 a(\(10\)) 1935 2720 y(\(i)n(v\).) 6 b(Increase) 28 b(the)h(number)f(of)h(parallel)f(TCP)i(connections)e(as)h(fol-) 2081 2820 y(lo)n(ws,) 20 b(and)g(return)f(to)h(the)h(step)f(\(ii\).)p Fi 2743 2999 a(N)p Fm 32 w( )p Fi 23 w(N)p Fh 27 w(+)p Fi 18 w(\013)p Fn 690 w(\(11\)) 1956 3179 y(\(v\).) 6 b(Decrease) 26 b(the)f(number)f(of)h(parallel)h(TCP)g(connections)e(as) i(fol-) 2081 3278 y(lo)n(ws,) 20 b(and)g(return)f(to)h(the)h(step)f (\(ii\).)p Fi 2691 3458 a(N)p Fm 32 w( )p Fi 23 w(N)p Fh 9 w(\(1)p Fm 18 w(\000)p Fi 18 w(\014)p Fh 4 w(\))p Fn 638 w(\(12\))p Fl 1939 3638 a(3.5)k(Adjusting)c(the)h(Chunk)g(Size)p Fn 1939 3816 a(F)o(or)f(measuring)f(the)h(GridFTP)g(goodput)e (accurately)h(and)h(quickly) -5 b(,) 18 b(it) 1939 3916 y(is) 23 b(important)d(to)i(appropriately)c(determine)j(the)g(chunk)f (size)i(in)g(each) 1939 4016 y(chunk)d(transfer) -5 b(.) 2034 4115 y(F)o(or) 30 b(accelerating)f(the)i(adjustment)e(of)i(the)f (number)f(of)h(parallel) 1939 4215 y(TCP) 18 b(connections,)d(it)j(is)g (desirable)e(to)h(k)o(eep)g(the)g(chunk)e(size)j(as)f(small) 1939 4314 y(as) 23 b(possible.)e(Ho)n(we)n(v)o(er)m(,)f(if)i(the)g(chunk)f (size)h(is)h(too)f(small,)g(the)g(good-) 1939 4414 y(put) 32 b(of)h(each)f(TCP)h(connection)d(cannot)i(be)g(measured)f(accurately) 1939 4514 y(because) 20 b(of)g(TCP') -5 b(s) 21 b(characteristics)f([5) o(].) 2034 4613 y(F)o(or) 28 b(solving)f(this)h(problem,)e(the)i (automatic)g(parameter)e(con\002g-) 1939 4713 y(uration)f(mechanism)f (predicts)h(the)h(GridFTP)f(goodput)f(of)h(the)h(ne)o(xt) 1939 4813 y(chunk)e(transfer)m(,)h(and)g(dynamically)e(con\002gures)h(the)i (chunk)e(size)i(so) 1939 4912 y(that) 21 b(the)f(chunk)f(transfer)g (time)h(becomes)f(as)i(\002x)o(ed)f(as)h(possible.) 2034 5012 y(In)h(what)f(follo)n(ws,)p Fi 22 w(G)p Fh(\()p Fi(N)p Fh 9 w(\))p Fn 23 w(denotes)g(the)h(GridFTP)g(goodput)d(mea-) 1939 5111 y(sured)g(at)h(the)f(chunk)e(transfer)i(with)p Fi 19 w(N)p Fn 28 w(TCP)h(connections,)d(and)p Fi 19 w(N)p Ff 3914 5123 a(\000)p Fd(k)p Fn 1939 5211 a(the) 22 b(number)e(of)h(parallel)h(TCP)g(connections)e(used)i(for)f(the)p Fi 21 w(k)p Fn 3 w(-th)h(pre-) 1939 5311 y(vious)e(chunk)f(transfer) -5 b(.) 2034 5410 y(The) 33 b(automatic)g(parameter)f(con\002guration)f (mechanism)h(deter)n(-) 1939 5510 y(mines) 26 b(the)f(chunk)f(size)p Fi 26 w(X)p Fn 33 w(as)i(follo)n(ws.)f(The)g(automatic)f(parameter) 1939 5610 y(con\002guration) 18 b(mechanism)g(predicts)i(the)g(GridFTP)f (goodput)f(of)i(the) 1939 5709 y(ne)o(xt)j(chunk)e(transfer)h(to)h(be)p Fi 23 w(G)p Fh(\()p Fi(N)p Ff 2962 5721 a(\000)p Fe(1)p Fh 3051 5709 a(\))p Fi(G)p Fh(\()p Fi(N)p Ff 3247 5721 a(\000)p Fe(1)p Fh 3337 5709 a(\))p Fi(=G)p Fh(\()p Fi(N)p Ff 3575 5721 a(\000)p Fe(2)p Fh 3664 5709 a(\))p Fn 24 w(from)f(the) 1939 5809 y(ratio)e(of)g(past)h(chunk)d(transfers,)i(and) f(determine)g(the)h(chunk)f(size)i(as)p Fi 2446 6025 a(X)p Fm 29 w( )p Fi 23 w(G)p Fh(\()p Fi(N)p Ff 2814 6037 a(\000)p Fe(1)p Fh 2904 6025 a(\))p Fi 2946 5969 a(G)p Fh(\()p Fi(N)p Ff 3110 5981 a(\000)p Fe(1)p Fh 3199 5969 a(\))p 2946 6006 286 4 v Fi 2946 6082 a(G)p Fh(\()p Fi(N)p Ff 3110 6094 a(\000)p Fe(2)p Fh 3199 6082 a(\)) 3242 6025 y(\001)p Fi(;)p Fn 534 w(\(13\))p dyy eop end %%Page: 5 5 TeXDict begin 5 4 bop -246 1092 a @beginspecial 40 @llx 409 @lly 547 @urx 604 @ury 2500 @rwi 1311 @rhi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/topology.eps %!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0 %%BoundingBox: 40 409 547 604 %%Title: topology %%CreationDate: Mon Aug 7 15:18:23 2006 %%Creator: Tgif-4.1.43-QPL written by William Chia-Wei Cheng (bill.cheng@acm.org) %%ProducedBy: (unknown) %%Pages: 1 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%EndComments %%BeginProlog /tgifdict 88 dict def tgifdict begin /tgifellipsedict 6 dict def tgifellipsedict /mtrx matrix put /TGEL % tgifellipse { tgifellipsedict begin /yrad exch def /xrad exch def /y exch def /x exch def /savematrix mtrx 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b(2.)g(Netw)o(ork)f(topology)f(used) i(in)g(simulation) -246 1465 y(where)p Fh 18 w(\001)p Fn 18 w(is)f(a)g(control)d(parameter)m(,)g(which)i(is)h(the)f(tar)o (get)f(v)n(alue)g(of)h(the) -246 1565 y(chunk)h(transfer)g(time.) -151 1664 y(Note)d(that,)g(at)h(the)g(time)f(of)g(the)h(\002rst)g(chunk)e (transfer)m(,)g(the)h(GridFTP) -246 1764 y(goodput)p Fi 15 w(G)p Fh(\()p Fi(N)p Ff 208 1776 a(\000)p Fe(1)p Fh 297 1764 a(\))p Fn 17 w(and)p Fi 17 w(G)p Fh(\()p Fi(N)p Ff 648 1776 a(\000)p Fe(2)p Fh 737 1764 a(\))p Fn 17 w(are)h(unkno)n(wn.)d(Hence,)i(the)g(chunk) -246 1864 y(size)p Fi 21 w(X)p Fn 27 w(is) 21 b(determined)e(as)i(follo)n (ws.)p Fi 454 2054 a(X)p Fm 29 w( )p Fi 669 1998 a(N)p Fe 736 2010 a(0)p Fi 786 1998 a(W)p 669 2035 208 4 v 741 2111 a(R)p Fh 886 2054 a(\001)p Fn 728 w(\(14\)) -151 2244 y(At)c(the)g(time)g(of)g(the)g(second)f(chunk)f(transfer)m(,)h (the)h(GridFTP)g(good-) -246 2343 y(put)p Fi 26 w(G)p Fh(\()p Fi(N)p Ff 51 2355 a(\000)p Fe(2)p Fh 141 2343 a(\))p Fn 26 w(is) 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2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def /BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def /TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def /TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def /DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def /Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def /PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath fill grestore } def /Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def /CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def /C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450 arc } bind def /C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def /BoxColFill { gsave Rec /Fillden exch def currentrgbcolor /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor fill grestore } def % % PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine % Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill % x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled % w,h = width and height of box % a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis % XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch % /PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def 0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for 0 PFa 6 get ne { 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for } if stroke grestore } def % /Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall currentdict end definefont pop /MFshow { { dup 5 get 3 ge { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse } {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6 get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5 get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse } ifelse } forall} bind def /MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def /MLshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 exch R MFshow } bind def /MRshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /MCshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont 1.000 UL LTb 714 420 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 420 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 806 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 806 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 20)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 1193 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 1193 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 40)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 1579 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 1579 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 60)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 1966 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 1966 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 80)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 2352 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 2352 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 100)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 714 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1244 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1244 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 200)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1773 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1773 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 400)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2303 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2303 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 600)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2832 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2832 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 800)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 3362 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 3362 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1000)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1.000 UL LTb 714 420 M 2648 0 V 0 1932 V -2648 0 V 714 420 L LTb 140 1386 M currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (GridFTP goodput )] [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (G)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( [Mbit/s])] ] -46.7 MCshow grestore LTb 2038 70 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Time [s])] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT0 LTb 2711 833 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (MI mode)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT0 2795 833 M 399 0 V 714 420 M 0 383 V 30 0 V 0 405 V 26 0 V 0 790 V 28 0 V 0 258 V 45 0 V 0 -18 V 32 0 V 0 17 V 26 0 V 0 46 V 2196 0 V 1.000 UL LT1 LTb 2711 693 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (MI+ mode)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT1 2795 693 M 399 0 V 714 420 M 0 394 V 30 0 V 0 414 V 26 0 V 0 752 V 28 0 V 0 254 V 44 0 V 0 30 V 30 0 V 0 -2 V 27 0 V 0 39 V 2198 0 V 1.000 UL LT2 LTb 2711 553 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (AIMD mode)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT2 2795 553 M 399 0 V 714 420 M 0 395 V 30 0 V 0 756 V 27 0 V 0 678 V 49 0 V 0 2 V 42 0 V 0 10 V 26 0 V 0 -34 V 27 0 V 0 -4 V 27 0 V 0 32 V 26 0 V 0 7 V 27 0 V 0 -12 V 27 0 V 0 6 V 26 0 V 0 4 V 27 0 V 0 -6 V 26 0 V 0 16 V 27 0 V 0 -10 V 27 0 V 0 1 V 26 0 V 0 -4 V 27 0 V 0 -16 V 27 0 V 0 16 V 26 0 V 0 12 V 26 0 V 0 -2 V 27 0 V 0 -10 V 27 0 V 0 -18 V 27 0 V 0 18 V 26 0 V 0 5 V 26 0 V 0 -20 V 27 0 V 0 20 V 26 0 V 0 -2 V 27 0 V 0 -4 V 27 0 V 0 18 V 26 0 V 0 -13 V 27 0 V 0 6 V 27 0 V 0 -10 V 27 0 V 0 -8 V 26 0 V 0 16 V 26 0 V 0 -11 V 27 0 V 0 -17 V 27 0 V 0 21 V 26 0 V 0 15 V 27 0 V 0 -15 V 27 0 V 0 6 V 26 0 V 0 -10 V 27 0 V 0 1 V 27 0 V 0 13 V 26 0 V 0 -15 V 27 0 V 0 -2 V 26 0 V 0 15 V 27 0 V 0 1 V 27 0 V 0 -28 V 27 0 V 0 18 V 26 0 V 0 -3 V 26 0 V stroke 2112 2254 M 0 14 V 27 0 V 0 2 V 27 0 V 0 -6 V 26 0 V 0 -4 V 27 0 V 0 6 V 26 0 V 0 -19 V 27 0 V 0 19 V 26 0 V 0 -9 V 27 0 V 0 -6 V 27 0 V 0 10 V 26 0 V 0 -21 V 27 0 V 0 25 V 26 0 V 0 -25 V 28 0 V 0 18 V 26 0 V 0 2 V 27 0 V 0 2 V 26 0 V 0 -5 V 27 0 V 0 -3 V 26 0 V 0 -2 V 27 0 V 0 -5 V 27 0 V 0 -5 V 26 0 V 0 5 V 27 0 V 0 -7 V 27 0 V 0 27 V 26 0 V 0 -7 V 27 0 V 0 -4 V 26 0 V 0 2 V 27 0 V 0 4 V 26 0 V 0 5 V 27 0 V 0 -11 V 27 0 V 0 16 V 26 0 V 0 -10 V 27 0 V 0 -1 V 27 0 V 0 -17 V 26 0 V 0 19 V 26 0 V 0 -4 V 27 0 V 0 -10 V 27 0 V 0 8 V 26 0 V 0 -3 V 27 0 V 0 -580 V 3 0 V 1.000 UL LTb 714 420 M 2648 0 V 0 1932 V -2648 0 V 714 420 L 1.000 UP stroke grestore end showpage %%Trailer %%DocumentFonts: Helvetica-Oblique Helvetica %%EndDocument @endspecial 1968 1208 a(Fig.) 20 b(3.)g(Ev)n(olution)f(of)g(GridFTP)h (goodput)p Fi 18 w(G)p Fn 21 w(\()p Fi(B)p Fh 27 w(=)j(100)p Fn 19 w([Mbit/s],)p Fi 2451 1307 a(\034)p Fh 33 w(=)f(10)p Fn 20 w([ms],)p Fi 20 w(W)p Fh 35 w(=)g(64)p Fn 20 w([Kbyte]\)) 1939 2609 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2500 @rwi 1311 @rhi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/evolution-N-100-10-1000-0-0.064-10240-1-2-0.5-2-0.8-10.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0 %%CreationDate: Wed Nov 1 16:31:56 2006 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color true def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 10.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -46 def /dl {10.0 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /Rounded false def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /N {newpath moveto} bind def /C {setrgbcolor} bind def /f {rlineto fill} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0 { PL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def /BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def /TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def /TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def /DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def /Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def /PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath fill grestore } def /Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def /CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def /C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450 arc } bind def /C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def /BoxColFill { gsave Rec /Fillden exch def currentrgbcolor /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor fill grestore } def % % PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine % Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill % x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled % w,h = width and height of box % a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis % XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch % /PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def 0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for 0 PFa 6 get ne { 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for } if stroke grestore } def % /Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall currentdict end definefont pop /MFshow { { dup 5 get 3 ge { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse } {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6 get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5 get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse } ifelse } forall} bind def /MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def /MLshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 exch R MFshow } bind def /MRshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /MCshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont 1.000 UL LTb 630 420 M 63 0 V 2669 0 R -63 0 V stroke 546 420 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 630 661 M 63 0 V 2669 0 R -63 0 V stroke 546 661 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 5)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 630 903 M 63 0 V 2669 0 R -63 0 V stroke 546 903 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 10)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 630 1144 M 63 0 V 2669 0 R -63 0 V stroke 546 1144 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 15)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 630 1386 M 63 0 V 2669 0 R -63 0 V stroke 546 1386 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 20)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 630 1627 M 63 0 V 2669 0 R -63 0 V stroke 546 1627 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 25)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 630 1869 M 63 0 V 2669 0 R -63 0 V stroke 546 1869 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 30)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 630 2110 M 63 0 V 2669 0 R -63 0 V stroke 546 2110 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 35)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 630 2352 M 63 0 V 2669 0 R -63 0 V stroke 546 2352 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 40)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 630 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 630 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1176 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1176 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 200)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1723 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1723 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 400)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2269 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2269 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 600)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2816 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2816 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 800)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 3362 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 3362 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1000)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1.000 UL LTb 630 420 M 2732 0 V 0 1932 V -2732 0 V 630 420 L LTb 140 1386 M currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Number of parallel TCP connections )] [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (N)] ] -46.7 MCshow grestore LTb 1996 70 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Time [s])] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT0 LTb 2711 833 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (MI mode)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT0 2795 833 M 399 0 V 630 420 M 0 48 V 31 0 V 0 49 V 27 0 V 0 96 V 28 0 V 0 193 V 48 0 V 0 387 V 32 0 V 0 773 V 27 0 V 2266 0 V 1.000 UL LT1 LTb 2711 693 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (MI+ mode)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT1 2795 693 M 399 0 V 630 420 M 0 48 V 31 0 V 0 49 V 26 0 V 0 96 V 29 0 V 0 193 V 46 0 V 0 387 V 31 0 V 0 773 V 28 0 V 0 -339 V 2267 0 V 1.000 UL LT2 LTb 2711 553 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (AIMD mode)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT2 2795 553 M 399 0 V 630 420 M 0 48 V 30 0 V 0 97 V 29 0 V 0 96 V 50 0 V 0 97 V 43 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 96 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 96 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 96 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 96 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 96 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 -773 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 96 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 96 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 96 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 -773 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 96 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 96 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 96 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 -773 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 96 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 96 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 96 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 -773 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 96 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 96 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V stroke 2073 1821 M 0 96 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 -773 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 96 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 96 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 96 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 -773 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 96 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 96 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 96 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 -773 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 96 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 96 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 96 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 -773 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 96 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 96 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 97 V 28 0 V 0 96 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 27 0 V 0 -773 V 28 0 V 0 97 V 2 0 V 1.000 UL LTb 630 420 M 2732 0 V 0 1932 V -2732 0 V 630 420 L 1.000 UP stroke grestore end showpage %%Trailer %%DocumentFonts: Helvetica-Oblique Helvetica %%EndDocument @endspecial 2196 2725 a(Fig.)e(4.)g(Number)f(of)h(parallel)g(TCP)h (connections)p Fi 18 w(N)p Fn 2119 2825 a(\()p Fi(B)p Fh 26 w(=)i(100)p Fn 19 w([Mbit/s],)p Fi 20 w(\034)p Fh 33 w(=)f(10)p Fn 20 w([ms],)p Fi 20 w(W)p Fh 35 w(=)g(64)p Fn 20 w([Kbyte]\)) 1939 3082 y(start)j(of)g(the)f(\002le)h(transfer) -5 b(.) 24 b(The)g(GridFTP)g(goodput)e(at)j(this)g(point)f(is) 1939 3182 y(approximately) 18 b(97)i([Mbit/s])f(for)h(the)g(MI)g(mode)g(and) f(MI+)h(mode.) 2034 3281 y(These) 32 b(results)h(sho)n(w)g(that)f (GridFTP)h(can)f(suf)n(\002ciently)g(use)h(the) 1939 3381 y(a)n(v)n(ailable) 25 b(bandwidth)f(of)h(the)g(netw)o(ork)f(by)h (using)g(the)g(MI)h(mode)e(or) 1939 3481 y(MI+) 19 b(mode.)f(These)h (also)h(sho)n(w)f(that)g(the)g(rise)h(of)f(the)g(number)e(of)i(par)n(-) 1939 3580 y(allel)k(TCP)f(connections)e(is)j(slo)n(wer)f(in)g(the)f (AIMD)h(mode)f(compared) 1939 3680 y(to) 34 b(both)e(the)h(MI)h(mode)e (and)g(MI+)h(mode,)f(in)i(which)e(the)i(number) 1939 3780 y(of) 27 b(parallel)g(TCP)h(connections,)p Fi 24 w(N)p Fn 9 w(,)g(increases)e(linearly) -5 b(.) 26 b(Ho)n(we)n(v)o(er)m (,) 1939 3879 y(since) 20 b(the)f(transient)g(performance)d(of)j(the)g (AIMD)g(mode)f(lar)o(gely)g(de-) 1939 3979 y(pends) 24 b(on)g(the)g(additi)n(v)o(e)f(increase)g(f)o(actor)p Fi 24 w(\013)p Fn 25 w(and)h(multiplicati)n(v)o(e)e(de-) 1939 4078 y(crease)k(f)o(actor)p Fi 25 w(\014)p Fn 4 w(,)g(further)e(e)o (xamination)g(is)i(necessary)f(to)h(study)f(the) 1939 4178 y(ef)n(fect) 20 b(of)g(these)g(control)f(parameters.) 2034 4278 y(Ne)o(xt,) 28 b(the)g(GridFTP)g(goodput)e(for)h(a)i(dif)n(ferent) d(bottleneck)h(link) 1939 4377 y(bandwidth)p Fi 19 w(B)p Fn 25 w(is) 21 b(sho)n(wn)f(in)h(Fig.)f(5.)h(In)f(this)h(\002gure,)e (the)i(TCP)g(sock)o(et) 1939 4477 y(b)n(uf)n(fer) 27 b(size)p Fi 29 w(W)p Fn 40 w(is)i(set)g(to)f(1)g([Mbyte].)e(F)o(or)i (comparison)d(purposes,) 1939 4577 y(the)d(GridFTP)f(goodput)d(with)k (a)f(single)g(TCP)h(connection)d(is)k(also)e(in-) 1939 4676 y(cluded)g(in)h(the)f(\002gure,)g(sho)n(wing)f(poor)g(performance) f(when)i(the)h(bot-) 1939 4776 y(tleneck)k(link)h(bandwidth)d(is)k(lar) o(ge.)d(This)i(\002gure)f(indicates)g(that)h(the) 1939 4875 y(bottleneck)d(link)i(bandwidth)e(can)h(be)h(almost)f(fully)g (utilized)h(by)f(us-) 1939 4975 y(ing)j(the)g(automatic)f(parameter)g (con\002guration)e(mechanism.)h(Ho)n(w-) 1939 5075 y(e)n(v)o(er)m(,)g (utilization)h(of)g(the)g(bottleneck)f(link)h(is)h(slightly)f(de)o (graded)e(as) 1939 5174 y(the)g(bottleneck)d(link)i(bandwidth)f (becomes)g(lar)o(ge.)g(This)h(is)i(because) 1939 5274 y(TCP)g(connections)d(tak)o(e)i(time)f(to)h(fully)f(utilize)h(the)g (bottleneck)e(link) 1939 5374 y(bandwidth) 33 b(when)g(the)h(link)g (bandwidth)e(is)j(lar)o(ge.)e(Consequently) -5 b(,) 1939 5473 y(the) 28 b(automatic)e(parameter)g(con\002guration)f(mechanism)h (tak)o(es)i(time) 1939 5573 y(to)g(\002nd)g(the)g(optimal)f(number)g (of)g(TCP)i(connections,)d(leading)h(less) 1939 5672 y(GridFTP) 20 b(goodput.) 2034 5772 y(The) 15 b(GridFTP)h(goodput)d (when)i(changing)f(the)i(propagation)c(delay)p Fi 1939 5872 a(\034)p Fn 32 w(is) 23 b(sho)n(wn)d(in)i(Fig.)f(6.)h(This)f (\002gure)g(sho)n(ws)h(that)f(with)h(the)f(MI)h(mode) 1939 5971 y(and) 32 b(MI+)h(mode,)e(the)i(GridFTP)f(goodput)f(hardly)g(de)o (grades)g(e)n(v)o(en)p dyy eop end %%Page: 6 6 TeXDict begin 6 5 bop -246 1092 a @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2500 @rwi 1311 @rhi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/G-bw-10-1000-0-1-10240-1-2-0.5-2-0.8-10.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0 %%CreationDate: Wed Nov 1 16:32:50 2006 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color true def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 10.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -46 def /dl {10.0 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /Rounded false def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /N {newpath moveto} bind def /C {setrgbcolor} bind def /f {rlineto fill} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0{ PL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT1{ PL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT2{ PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT3{ PL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT4{ PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT5{ PL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT6{ PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7{ PL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT8{ PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def /BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def /TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def /TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def /DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def /Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def /PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath fill grestore } def /Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def /CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def /C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450 arc } bind def /C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def /BoxColFill { gsave Rec /Fillden exch def currentrgbcolor /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor fill grestore } def % % PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine % Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill % x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled % w,h = width and height of box % a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis % XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch % /PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def 0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for 0 PFa 6 get ne { 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for } if stroke grestore } def % /Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall currentdict end definefont pop /MFshow { { dup 5 get 3 ge { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse } {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6 get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5 get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse } ifelse } forall} bind def /MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def /MLshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 exch R MFshow } bind def /MRshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /MCshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont 1.000 UL LTb 798 420 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 420 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 806 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 806 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 200)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 1193 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 1193 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 400)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 1579 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 1579 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 600)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 1966 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 1966 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 800)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 2352 M 63 0 V 2501 0 R -63 0 V stroke 714 2352 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1000)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 798 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 798 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1311 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1311 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 200)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1824 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1824 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 400)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2336 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2336 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 600)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2849 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2849 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 800)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 3362 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 3362 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1000)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1.000 UL LTb 798 420 M 2564 0 V 0 1932 V -2564 0 V 798 420 L LTb 140 1386 M currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (GridFTP goodput )] [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (G)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( [Mbit/s])] ] -46.7 MCshow grestore LTb 2080 70 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Bottleneck link bandwidth [Mbit/s])] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT0 LTb 2646 973 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (MI mode)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT0 2730 973 M 399 0 V 1054 608 M 257 186 V 256 186 V 257 179 V 256 173 V 256 164 V 257 156 V 256 133 V 257 129 V 256 154 V 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT1 1054 608 M -31 0 R 62 0 V -62 0 R 62 0 V 226 186 R -31 0 R 62 0 V -62 0 R 62 0 V 225 185 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 226 178 R 0 3 V -31 -3 R 62 0 V -62 3 R 62 0 V 225 170 R 0 3 V -31 -3 R 62 0 V -62 3 R 62 0 V 225 159 R 0 6 V -31 -6 R 62 0 V -62 6 R 62 0 V 226 148 R 0 10 V -31 -10 R 62 0 V -62 10 R 62 0 V 225 123 R 0 11 V -31 -11 R 62 0 V -62 11 R 62 0 V 226 112 R 0 22 V -31 -22 R 62 0 V -62 22 R 62 0 V 225 141 R 0 4 V -31 -4 R 62 0 V -62 4 R 62 0 V 1054 608 BoxF 1311 794 BoxF 1567 980 BoxF 1824 1159 BoxF 2080 1332 BoxF 2336 1496 BoxF 2593 1652 BoxF 2849 1785 BoxF 3106 1914 BoxF 3362 2068 BoxF 1.000 UL LT2 LTb 2646 833 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (MI+ mode)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT2 2730 833 M 399 0 V 1054 608 M 257 186 V 256 185 V 257 180 V 256 174 V 256 165 V 257 160 V 256 68 V 257 138 V 256 204 V 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT3 1054 608 M -31 0 R 62 0 V -62 0 R 62 0 V 226 186 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 225 183 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 226 179 R 0 2 V -31 -2 R 62 0 V -62 2 R 62 0 V 225 172 R 0 2 V -31 -2 R 62 0 V -62 2 R 62 0 V 225 162 R 0 4 V -31 -4 R 62 0 V -62 4 R 62 0 V 226 156 R 0 5 V -31 -5 R 62 0 V -62 5 R 62 0 V 225 34 R 0 62 V -31 -62 R 62 0 V -62 62 R 62 0 V 226 52 R 0 109 V -31 -109 R 62 0 V -62 109 R 62 0 V 225 145 R 0 11 V -31 -11 R 62 0 V -62 11 R 62 0 V 1054 608 DiaF 1311 794 DiaF 1567 979 DiaF 1824 1159 DiaF 2080 1333 DiaF 2336 1498 DiaF 2593 1658 DiaF 2849 1726 DiaF 3106 1864 DiaF 3362 2068 DiaF 1.000 UL LT4 LTb 2646 693 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (AIMD mode)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT4 2730 693 M 399 0 V 1054 597 M 257 177 V 256 181 V 257 171 V 256 163 V 256 161 V 257 146 V 256 126 V 257 126 V 256 218 V 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT5 1054 596 M 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 226 176 R 0 2 V -31 -2 R 62 0 V -62 2 R 62 0 V 225 179 R 0 2 V -31 -2 R 62 0 V -62 2 R 62 0 V 226 169 R 0 3 V -31 -3 R 62 0 V -62 3 R 62 0 V 225 156 R 0 10 V -31 -10 R 62 0 V -62 10 R 62 0 V 225 151 R 0 10 V -31 -10 R 62 0 V -62 10 R 62 0 V 226 136 R 0 11 V -31 -11 R 62 0 V -62 11 R 62 0 V 225 113 R 0 15 V -31 -15 R 62 0 V -62 15 R 62 0 V 226 101 R 0 33 V -31 -33 R 62 0 V -62 33 R 62 0 V 225 195 R 0 13 V -31 -13 R 62 0 V -62 13 R 62 0 V 1054 597 TriUF 1311 774 TriUF 1567 955 TriUF 1824 1126 TriUF 2080 1289 TriUF 2336 1450 TriUF 2593 1596 TriUF 2849 1722 TriUF 3106 1848 TriUF 3362 2066 TriUF 1.000 UL LT6 LTb 2646 553 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (single TCP connection)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT6 2730 553 M 399 0 V 1054 608 M 257 188 V 256 186 V 257 110 V 256 0 V 256 0 V 257 0 V 256 0 V 257 0 V 256 0 V 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT7 1054 608 M -31 0 R 62 0 V -62 0 R 62 0 V 226 187 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 225 186 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 226 108 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 225 -1 R 0 2 V -31 -2 R 62 0 V -62 2 R 62 0 V 225 -2 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 226 -1 R 0 2 V -31 -2 R 62 0 V -62 2 R 62 0 V 225 -2 R 0 2 V -31 -2 R 62 0 V -62 2 R 62 0 V 226 -2 R 0 3 V -31 -3 R 62 0 V -62 3 R 62 0 V 225 -3 R 0 2 V -31 -2 R 62 0 V -62 2 R 62 0 V 1054 608 TriDF 1311 796 TriDF 1567 982 TriDF 1824 1092 TriDF 2080 1092 TriDF 2336 1092 TriDF 2593 1092 TriDF 2849 1092 TriDF 3106 1092 TriDF 3362 1092 TriDF 1.000 UL LTb 798 420 M 2564 0 V 0 1932 V -2564 0 V 798 420 L 1.000 UP stroke grestore end showpage %%Trailer %%DocumentFonts: Helvetica-Oblique Helvetica %%EndDocument @endspecial Fn -234 1208 a(Fig.) 20 b(5.)g(Ef)n(fect)g(of)g(the)g (bottleneck)f(link)g(bandwidth)p Fi 19 w(B)p Fn 25 w(on)g(GridFTP) 76 1307 y(goodput)p Fi 18 w(G)p Fn 21 w(\()p Fi(\034)p Fh 33 w(=)j(10)p Fn 20 w([ms],)p Fi 20 w(W)p Fh 35 w(=)g(1)p Fn 21 w([Mbyte]\)) -246 2609 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2500 @rwi 1311 @rhi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/G-100-delay-1000-0-0.064-10240-1-2-0.5-2-0.8-10.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0 %%CreationDate: Wed Nov 1 16:37:10 2006 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color true def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 10.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -46 def /dl {10.0 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /Rounded false def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /N {newpath moveto} bind def /C {setrgbcolor} bind def /f {rlineto fill} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0{ PL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT1{ PL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT2{ PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT3{ PL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT4{ PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT5{ PL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT6{ PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7{ PL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT8{ PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def /BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def /TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def /TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def /DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def /Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def /PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath fill grestore } def /Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def /CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def /C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450 arc } bind def /C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def /BoxColFill { gsave Rec /Fillden exch def currentrgbcolor /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor fill grestore } def % % PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine % Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill % x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled % w,h = width and height of box % a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis % XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch % /PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def 0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for 0 PFa 6 get ne { 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for } if stroke grestore } def % /Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall currentdict end definefont pop /MFshow { { dup 5 get 3 ge { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse } {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6 get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5 get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse } ifelse } forall} bind def /MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def /MLshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 exch R MFshow } bind def /MRshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /MCshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont 1.000 UL LTb 714 420 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 420 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 806 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 806 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 20)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 1193 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 1193 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 40)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 1579 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 1579 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 60)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 1966 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 1966 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 80)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 2352 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 2352 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 100)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 714 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1244 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1244 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 10)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1773 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 1773 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 20)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2303 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2303 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 30)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 2832 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 2832 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 40)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 3362 420 M 0 63 V 0 1869 R 0 -63 V stroke 3362 280 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 50)] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UL LTb 1.000 UL LTb 714 420 M 2648 0 V 0 1932 V -2648 0 V 714 420 L LTb 140 1386 M currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (GridFTP goodput )] [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (G)] [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( [Mbit/s])] ] -46.7 MCshow grestore LTb 2038 70 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Propagation delay [ms])] ] -46.7 MCshow 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT0 LTb 2748 1386 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (MI mode)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT0 2832 1386 M 399 0 V 767 2295 M 212 -20 V 265 -10 V 264 -16 V 265 -9 V 265 -4 V 265 -2 V 265 -5 V 264 -3 V 265 -5 V 265 -4 V 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT1 767 2295 M 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 181 -21 R -31 0 R 62 0 V -62 0 R 62 0 V 234 -11 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 233 -21 R 0 9 V -31 -9 R 62 0 V -62 9 R 62 0 V 234 -18 R 0 10 V -31 -10 R 62 0 V -62 10 R 62 0 V 234 -12 R 0 7 V -31 -7 R 62 0 V -62 7 R 62 0 V 234 -7 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 234 -5 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 233 -5 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 234 -5 R -31 0 R 62 0 V -62 0 R 62 0 V 234 -5 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 767 2295 BoxF 979 2275 BoxF 1244 2265 BoxF 1508 2249 BoxF 1773 2240 BoxF 2038 2236 BoxF 2303 2234 BoxF 2568 2229 BoxF 2832 2226 BoxF 3097 2221 BoxF 3362 2217 BoxF 1.000 UL LT2 LTb 2748 1246 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (MI+ mode)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT2 2832 1246 M 399 0 V 767 2295 M 212 -21 V 265 -9 V 264 -13 V 265 -9 V 265 -7 V 265 -2 V 265 -5 V 264 -4 V 265 -4 V 265 -4 V 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT3 767 2295 M 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 181 -22 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 234 -10 R -31 0 R 62 0 V -62 0 R 62 0 V 233 -13 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 234 -14 R 0 7 V -31 -7 R 62 0 V -62 7 R 62 0 V 234 -13 R 0 7 V -31 -7 R 62 0 V -62 7 R 62 0 V 234 -7 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 234 -6 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 233 -4 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 234 -5 R -31 0 R 62 0 V -62 0 R 62 0 V 234 -5 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 767 2295 DiaF 979 2274 DiaF 1244 2265 DiaF 1508 2252 DiaF 1773 2243 DiaF 2038 2236 DiaF 2303 2234 DiaF 2568 2229 DiaF 2832 2225 DiaF 3097 2221 DiaF 3362 2217 DiaF 1.000 UL LT4 LTb 2748 1106 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (AIMD mode)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT4 2832 1106 M 399 0 V 767 2278 M 212 -32 V 265 -26 V 264 -35 V 265 -30 V 265 -27 V 265 -21 V 265 -24 V 264 -25 V 265 -23 V 265 -22 V 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT5 767 2277 M 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 181 -33 R 0 2 V -31 -2 R 62 0 V -62 2 R 62 0 V 234 -28 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 233 -36 R 0 2 V -31 -2 R 62 0 V -62 2 R 62 0 V 234 -31 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 234 -28 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 234 -23 R 0 2 V -31 -2 R 62 0 V -62 2 R 62 0 V 234 -26 R 0 2 V -31 -2 R 62 0 V -62 2 R 62 0 V 233 -27 R 0 2 V -31 -2 R 62 0 V -62 2 R 62 0 V 234 -24 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 234 -24 R 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 767 2278 TriUF 979 2246 TriUF 1244 2220 TriUF 1508 2185 TriUF 1773 2155 TriUF 2038 2128 TriUF 2303 2107 TriUF 2568 2083 TriUF 2832 2058 TriUF 3097 2035 TriUF 3362 2013 TriUF 1.000 UL LT6 LTb 2748 966 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (single TCP connection)] ] -46.7 MRshow LT6 2832 966 M 399 0 V 767 2078 M 979 1051 L 1244 842 L 1508 702 L 265 -61 V 265 -39 V 265 -23 V 265 -21 V 264 -17 V 265 -13 V 265 -10 V 1.000 UP 1.000 UL LT7 767 2077 M 0 1 V -31 -1 R 62 0 V -62 1 R 62 0 V 979 1051 M -31 0 R 62 0 V -62 0 R 62 0 V 1244 842 M -31 0 R 62 0 V -62 0 R 62 0 V 1508 702 M -31 0 R 62 0 V -62 0 R 62 0 V 234 -61 R -31 0 R 62 0 V -62 0 R 62 0 V 234 -39 R -31 0 R 62 0 V -62 0 R 62 0 V 234 -23 R -31 0 R 62 0 V -62 0 R 62 0 V 234 -21 R -31 0 R 62 0 V -62 0 R 62 0 V 233 -17 R -31 0 R 62 0 V -62 0 R 62 0 V 234 -13 R -31 0 R 62 0 V -62 0 R 62 0 V 234 -10 R -31 0 R 62 0 V -62 0 R 62 0 V 767 2078 TriDF 979 1051 TriDF 1244 842 TriDF 1508 702 TriDF 1773 641 TriDF 2038 602 TriDF 2303 579 TriDF 2568 558 TriDF 2832 541 TriDF 3097 528 TriDF 3362 518 TriDF 1.000 UL LTb 714 420 M 2648 0 V 0 1932 V -2648 0 V 714 420 L 1.000 UP stroke grestore end showpage %%Trailer %%DocumentFonts: Helvetica-Oblique Helvetica %%EndDocument @endspecial -216 2725 a(Fig.)e(6.)g(Ef)n(fect)f(of)h(propagation)d (delay)p Fi 20 w(\034)p Fn 30 w(on)j(GridFTP)g(goodput)p Fi 18 w(G)p Fn 160 2825 a(\()p Fi(B)p Fh 27 w(=)j(100)p Fn 19 w([Mbit/s],)p Fi 20 w(W)p Fh 35 w(=)g(64)p Fn 19 w([Kbyte]\)) -246 4127 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2500 @rwi 1311 @rhi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figure/G-100-10-1000-0-0.064-10240-1-2-0.5-2-eta-10.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0 %%CreationDate: Wed Nov 1 16:37:48 2006 %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176 %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments /gnudict 256 dict def gnudict begin /Color true def /Solid false def /gnulinewidth 10.000 def /userlinewidth gnulinewidth def /vshift -46 def /dl {10.0 mul} def /hpt_ 31.5 def /vpt_ 31.5 def /hpt hpt_ def /vpt vpt_ def /Rounded false def /M {moveto} bind def /L {lineto} bind def /R {rmoveto} bind def /V {rlineto} bind def /N {newpath moveto} bind def /C {setrgbcolor} bind def /f {rlineto fill} bind def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /Lshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 vshift R show } def /Rshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def /Cshow { currentpoint stroke M dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def /UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def /DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def /BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def /PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def /LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def /LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def /LT0{ PL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT1{ PL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT2{ PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT3{ PL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT4{ PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT5{ PL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT6{ PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT7{ PL [] 0 0 0 DL } def /LT8{ PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def /Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def /Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V currentpoint stroke M hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke } def /Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def /TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def /BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def /TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def /TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke Pnt } def /TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def /DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def /Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def /PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath fill grestore } def /Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def /CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def /C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450 arc } bind def /C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 2 copy vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc } bind def /C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def /Rec { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def /Square { dup Rec } bind def /Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def /S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def /S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def /S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def /S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def /D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def /D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def /D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def /D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def /D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def /D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def /D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def /D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def /D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def /D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def /D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def /D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def /D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def /D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def /D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def /D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def /DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def /BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def /TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def /PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat closepath stroke grestore } def /CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def /Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def /DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def /BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def /TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V hpt 2 mul 0 V hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def /PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat Opaque stroke grestore } def /CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def /BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def /BoxColFill { gsave Rec /Fillden exch def currentrgbcolor /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor fill grestore } def % % PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine % Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill % x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled % w,h = width and height of box % a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis % XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch % /PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def 0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for 0 PFa 6 get ne { 0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi { PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for } if stroke grestore } def % /Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall currentdict end definefont pop /MFshow { { dup 5 get 3 ge { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse } {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6 get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5 get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse } ifelse } forall} bind def /MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def /MLshow { currentpoint stroke M 0 exch R MFshow } bind def /MRshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def /MCshow { currentpoint stroke M exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def end %%EndProlog gnudict begin gsave 50 50 translate 0.050 0.050 scale 0 setgray newpath (Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont 1.000 UL LTb 714 420 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 420 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 806 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 806 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 20)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 1193 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 1193 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 40)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 1579 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V stroke 630 1579 M [ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 60)] ] -46.7 MRshow 1.000 UL LTb 714 1966 M 63 0 V 2585 0 R -63 0 V 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y(theory) -5 b(.) 19 b(He)h(is)h(a)g(member)e(of)h (IPSJ,)g(JSIAM,)h(and)e(IEICE.)p dyy eop end %%Trailer userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if %%EOF