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% 
% Authors: S. Rahtz, P. MacKay, Alan Jeffrey, B. Horn, K. Berry, W. Schmidt
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% Idea is to have all the characters normally included in Type 1 fonts
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% 
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% 
% (1) the Windows ANSI characters are almost all in their Windows ANSI
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI6
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI6 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:52
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI6) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI6 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 104 /h put
dup 112 /p put
dup 113 /q put
dup 116 /t put
readonly def
/FontBBox{11 -250 1241 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087381 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI9
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI9 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:55
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI9) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI9 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 11 /alpha put
dup 78 /N put
dup 97 /a put
dup 105 /i put
dup 109 /m put
dup 110 /n put
dup 119 /w put
dup 120 /x put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-29 -250 1075 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087384 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI7
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI7 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:53
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI7) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI7 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 78 /N put
dup 107 /k put
dup 108 /l put
dup 109 /m put
dup 114 /r put
readonly def
/FontBBox{0 -250 1171 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087382 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMR7
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR7 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:21
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMR7) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMR7 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 48 /zero put
dup 49 /one put
dup 50 /two put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-27 -250 1122 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000790 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMSY7
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY7 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:21:52
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMSY7) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.035 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMSY7 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /minus put
dup 3 /asteriskmath put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-15 -951 1252 782}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000817 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMEX10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMEX10 1.00
%%CreationDate: 1992 Jul 23 21:22:48
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.00) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMEX10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMEX10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 18 /parenleftbigg put
dup 19 /parenrightbigg put
dup 26 /braceleftbigg put
dup 32 /parenleftBigg put
dup 33 /parenrightBigg put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-24 -2960 1454 772}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000774 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMR10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR10 1.00B
%%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:54:52
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.00B) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMR10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMR10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 1 /Delta put
dup 40 /parenleft put
dup 41 /parenright put
dup 43 /plus put
dup 48 /zero put
dup 49 /one put
dup 50 /two put
dup 51 /three put
dup 52 /four put
dup 53 /five put
dup 54 /six put
dup 58 /colon put
dup 61 /equal put
dup 91 /bracketleft put
dup 93 /bracketright put
dup 105 /i put
dup 109 /m put
dup 110 /n put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-251 -250 1009 969}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000793 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMSY10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY10 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:20:57
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMSY10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.035 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMSY10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /minus put
dup 2 /multiply put
dup 32 /arrowleft put
dup 33 /arrowright put
dup 39 /similarequal put
dup 102 /braceleft put
dup 103 /braceright put
dup 112 /radical put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-29 -960 1116 775}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000820 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMBX10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMBX10 1.00B
%%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:54:06
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.00B) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMBX10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Bold) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMBX10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 45 /hyphen put
dup 46 /period put
dup 49 /one put
dup 50 /two put
dup 51 /three put
dup 52 /four put
dup 53 /five put
dup 65 /A put
dup 66 /B put
dup 67 /C put
dup 68 /D put
dup 69 /E put
dup 70 /F put
dup 71 /G put
dup 73 /I put
dup 78 /N put
dup 79 /O put
dup 80 /P put
dup 83 /S put
dup 84 /T put
dup 97 /a put
dup 98 /b put
dup 99 /c put
dup 100 /d put
dup 101 /e put
dup 102 /f put
dup 103 /g put
dup 104 /h put
dup 105 /i put
dup 106 /j put
dup 107 /k put
dup 108 /l put
dup 109 /m put
dup 110 /n put
dup 111 /o put
dup 112 /p put
dup 114 /r put
dup 115 /s put
dup 116 /t put
dup 117 /u put
dup 120 /x put
dup 122 /z put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-301 -250 1164 946}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000768 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI10 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:57
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 11 /alpha put
dup 23 /nu put
dup 24 /xi put
dup 28 /tau put
dup 59 /comma put
dup 60 /less put
dup 61 /slash put
dup 62 /greater put
dup 66 /B put
dup 71 /G put
dup 78 /N put
dup 82 /R put
dup 84 /T put
dup 87 /W put
dup 88 /X put
dup 102 /f put
dup 107 /k put
dup 108 /l put
dup 109 /m put
dup 112 /p put
dup 114 /r put
dup 116 /t put
dup 120 /x put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-32 -250 1048 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087385 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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1655 y(ration) h(method) g(of) h(the) h(GridFTP) f(con) n(trol) h(para)
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f(size) j(for) e(GridFTP) -9 b(.) 16 b(By) i(measuring) e(the) i(roun) n
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(ines) h(the) f(TCP) h(sock) o(et) f(b) n(uf) n(fer) f(size.) 32
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(GridFTP) g(proto) n(col) g(needs) g(to) h(be) f(mod) n(i\002ed) h
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([17]) n(,) h(interop) n(erability) e(with) h(e) o(x-) 1974
2452 y(isting) 26 b(GridFTP) g(serv) o(ers) g(is) i(unr) n(ealizable.)
43 b(Moreo) o(v) m(er) m(,) 27 b(in) g([17) n(],) 1974
2551 y(the) g(autho) n(rs) h(focus) f(only) f(on) h(the) g(TCP) h(sock)
o(et) f(b) n(uf) n(f) n(er) g(size,) j(and) 1974 2651
y(do) 20 b(not) f(consider) h(the) g(num) n(ber) g(of) g(parallel) g
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(hput) g(of) g(parallel) g(TCP) h(conn) n(ections) f(is) i(de-) 1974
2878 y(ri) n(v) o(ed) f(using) h(a) g(simple) g(analytic) g(mode) n(l.)
32 b(Ho) n(we) n(v) o(e) n(r) m(,) 23 b(the) f(analytic) 1974
2978 y(appr) n(oach) k(in) g([7]) f(does) h(not) g(mode) n(l) h(de) o
(gr) n(adation) e(of) h(throu) n(ghput) 1974 3077 y(when) 19
b(the) i(num) n(ber) f(of) g(parallel) g(TCP) h(conn) n(ections) f(is) h
(too) f(lar) o(ge) n(.) 2073 3205 y(Moreo) o(v) m(er) m(,) 49
b(in) 44 b([9]) n(,) 50 b(the) 44 b(optima) n(l) h(contr) n(ol) f
(parame) n(ters) g(of) 1974 3305 y(GridFTP) 20 b(is) g(deri) n(v) o(e) n
(d) g(using) g(mathem) n(atical) h(analy) n(sis.) 26
b(In) 20 b([9],) f(the) 1974 3404 y(autho) n(rs) e(clarify) e(the) h
(con) n(\002guration) f(metho) n(d) h(of) g(GridFTP) f(control) 1974
3504 y(param) n(eters) 33 b(\(i.e.,) i(the) d(num) n(ber) g(of) g
(parallel) g(TCP) h(conn) n(ections) 1974 3603 y(and) c(the) h(TCP) h
(sock) o(et) e(b) n(uf) n(fer) g(size\)) h(by) f(deri) n(ving) g(the) g
(GridFTP) 1974 3703 y(goo) n(dput) 22 b(in) g(steady) f(state.) 31
b(Ho) n(we) n(v) o(er) -5 b(,) 23 b(to) f(apply) f(the) h(result) g(in)
g([9]) 1974 3803 y(to) 16 b(a) h(real) f(netw) o(ork) n(,) i(the) e
(roun) n(d-trip) f(time) i(and) f(the) g(bottlen) n(eck) g(link) 1974
3902 y(band) n(width) 24 b(of) g(a) g(netw) o(ork) f(must) i(be) f(kno)
l(wn) g(in) g(adv) n(anc) n(e.) 38 b(Ho) n(w-) 1974 4002
y(e) n(v) o(er) -5 b(,) 26 b(it) f(is) h(not) e(discussed) h(in) f([9])
g(ho) n(w) g(the) h(roun) n(d-trip) f(time) h(and) 1974
4102 y(the) 20 b(bottlenec) n(k) h(link) f(ban) n(dwidth) g(are) g
(measured) f(by) h(GridFTP) -9 b(.) 2073 4229 y(Moreo) o(v) m(er) m(,)
22 b(in) g([10],) g(the) g(autho) n(rs) h(pro) n(pose) f(an) g
(automatic) g(pa-) 1974 4329 y(rameter) 36 b(con) n(\002guration) g
(mech) n(anism) h(for) f(GridFTP) -9 b(.) 36 b(The) g(pro-) 1974
4428 y(posed) 30 b(method) g(transfers) h(a) g(\002le) h(as) g(a) g
(series) g(of) f(block) n(s) h(called) p Fs 1974 4528
a(c) o(hu) n(nk) p Fr(,) 42 b(and) 37 b(measur) n(es) h(netw) o(ork) f
(status) h(\(i.e.,) j(the) c(roun) n(d-trip) 1974 4628
y(time) 18 b(and) f(GridFTP) g(good) n(put\)) g(for) h(e) n(v) o(e) n
(ry) g(chun) n(k) g(transfer) -5 b(.) 24 b(Based) 1974
4727 y(on) 29 b(the) h(analytic) f(result) g(in) h([9]) f(and) g
(measurem) n(ent) h(results,) i(the) 1974 4827 y(num) n(ber) e(of) f
(parallel) h(TCP) g(connec) n(tions) g(is) h(adjusted.) 53
b(In) 30 b([10) n(],) 1974 4926 y(three) 18 b(oper) n(ation) h(mod) n
(es) g(are) g(pro) n(posed) f(for) g(heuristically) g(adjust-) 1974
5026 y(ing) d(the) h(num) n(ber) f(of) g(parallel) g(TCP) i(conn) n
(ections.) 23 b(Ho) n(we) n(v) o(er) -5 b(,) 17 b(there) 1974
5126 y(is) 34 b(a) f(prob) n(lem) g(that) g(GridFTP) g(good) n(put) g
(does) f(not) h(impro) m(v) o(e) g(so) 1974 5225 y(much) 19
b(in) h(some) g(cond) n(itions) g(\227) h(for) e(instance,) h(in) g(a) g
(netw) o(ork) f(with) 1974 5325 y(a) h(lar) o(ge) g(band) n(width-d) n
(elay) g(produ) n(ct) h([10) n(].) 1859 5574 y(1) p dyy
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b(by) f(utilizing) h(only) f(infor) n(mation) g(measurable) g(in) h
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980 y(tation) 31 b(algorithm) g(for) g(a) i(maxim) n(ization) f(prob) n
(lem.) 61 b(W) -7 b(e) 33 b(e) n(v) n(alu-) -182 1079
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1279 y(GridFTP-) n(APT) d(can) e(realize) g(high) g(throug) n(hput) g
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(this) h(paper) f(is) i(as) g(follo) l(ws.) 28 b(First,) 21
b(Section) g(2) -182 1579 y(pro) m(vides) 31 b(a) h(gener) n(al) g
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y(tures) 26 b(of) h(GridFTP) -9 b(.) 26 b(Section) g(3) h(discusses) g
(design) f(principles) g(of) -182 1878 y(an) 32 b(automatic) g
(parallelism) g(tuning) g(mechan) n(ism) h(for) g(GridFTP) -9
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3132 y(tocol\)) g([12) n(,) h(6,) g(8]) g(that) f(has) i(been) e
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3231 y(und) n(er) 17 b(standardiza) n(tion) g(in) h(GGF) f(\(The) g
(Global) f(Grid) h(F) o(orum) n(\)) h([1].) -182 3331
y(GridFTP) -9 b(,) 16 b(which) g(uses) i(TCP) g(as) f(its) h(transpor) n
(t) g(layer) e(commu) n(nica-) -182 3431 y(tion) j(pro) n(tocol,) g(is)
h(designed) f(to) g(solv) o(e) g(se) n(v) o(eral) g(pro) n(blems) g(of)
h(TCP) -9 b(.) -182 3530 y(F) o(or) 19 b(e) o(xam) n(ple,) h(besides) f
(the) h(feature) n(s) h(of) e(the) h(e) o(xisting) f(FTP) -9
b(,) 19 b(it) i(has) -182 3630 y(add) n(itional) 33 b(featur) n(es) h
(such) e(as) h(automa) n(tic) g(ne) o(gotiatio) n(n) g(of) f(TCP) -182
3730 y(sock) o(et) 22 b(b) n(uf) n(f) n(er) g(size,) h(parallel) f
(data) g(transfer) m(,) f(third-p) n(arty) h(contro) n(l) -182
3829 y(of) 15 b(\002le) h(transfer) m(,) f(partial) g(\002le) i
(transfer) -5 b(,) 17 b(security) -5 b(,) 15 b(and) g(reliable) g(data)
-182 3929 y(transfe) n(r) 21 b([4].) -83 4030 y(Most) 27
b(of) f(these) g(speci\002c) g(features) g(of) g(GridFTP) f(are) i
(realized) -182 4129 y(by) k(a) h(ne) n(w) g(transfer) f(mod) n(e) i
(called) e(e) o(xtend) n(ed) h(block) f(mode) g([4].) -182
4229 y(Curren) n(tly) -5 b(,) 43 b(GridFTP) 38 b(serv) o(er) g(and) g
(client) h(softw) o(are) f(confo) n(rm-) -182 4329 y(ing) 26
b(to) i(GridFTP) f(v) o(er) n(sion) h(1) f(\(GridFTP) f(v1\)) h(is) h
(includ) n(ed) g(in) f(the) -182 4428 y(Glob) n(u) n(s) 37
b(T) -7 b(oolkit) 36 b([2],) j(which) d(is) h(the) f(de) g(f) o(acto) g
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(speci\002c) -182 4628 y(GridFTP) 27 b(implem) n(entation,) h(the) f
(feature) f(of) h(the) g(automatic) f(ne-) -182 4727
y(gotiatio) n(n) e(of) g(TCP) h(sock) o(et) f(b) n(uf) n(fer) f(size) i
(is) g(not) f(implem) n(ented,) h(so) -182 4827 y(a) j(user) g(must) g
(manually) f(specify) g(the) h(numb) n(er) h(of) e(parallel) h(TCP) -182
4926 y(con) n(nections) 21 b(for) f(parallel) h(data) g(transfer) -7
b(.) 29 b(In) 20 b(addition) n(,) i(GGF) g(has) -182
5026 y(been) 17 b(discussing) g(the) h(prob) n(lems) g(with) g(GridFTP)
g(v1) f(and) h(also) g(un-) -182 5126 y(dertak) n(ing) f(a) h(study) f
(on) g(GridFTP) h(v2) f(\(v) o(er) n(sion) h(2\)) f(as) h(a) g
(solution) f(to) -182 5225 y(these) 26 b(prob) n(lems) h([11]) n(.) 44
b(Addition) n(al) 27 b(feature) n(s) h(ha) n(v) o(e) d(been) h(incor) l
(-) -182 5325 y(por) n(ated) 21 b(in) g(GridFTP) f(v2.) 26
b(These) 21 b(featur) n(es) h(relax) e(se) n(v) o(eral) g(limita-) 1989
1335 y @beginspecial 26 @llx 510 @lly 479 @urx 822 @ury
2326 @rwi @setspecial
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      0 -250 atan DU cos 18.000 MU 200 exch SU
      exch sin 18.000 MU 170 exch SU L
   TGSM
   5 W
   S
   1 W
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      200 170 18.000 7.000 -250 0 TGAT
   1 SG CP F
   0 SG
   NP
      200 170 18.000 7.000 -250 0 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      700 400 M
      430 400 L
      430 190 L
      0 -230 atan DU cos 18.000 MU 200 exch SU
      exch sin 18.000 MU 190 exch SU L
   TGSM
   5 W
   S
   1 W
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      200 190 18.000 7.000 -230 0 TGAT
   1 SG CP F
   0 SG
   NP
      200 190 18.000 7.000 -230 0 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      240 420 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (TCP connection) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (TCP connection) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      670 310 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (TCP socket) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (TCP socket) SH
      GR
      0 29 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (buffer) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (buffer) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      640 540 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (partial data) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (partial data) SH
      GR
      0 29 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (transfer) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (transfer) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      340 50 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (parallel file) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (parallel file) SH
      GR
      0 29 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (transfer) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (transfer) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      630 50 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (parallelism) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (parallelism) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      220 250 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (TCP socket) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (TCP socket) SH
      GR
      0 29 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (buffer size) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (buffer size) SH
      GR
   GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 740 200 M 780 200 L 780 250 L 740 250 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 780 200 M 820 200 L 820 250 L 780 250 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 780 200 M 820 200 L 820 250 L 780 250 L CP EC NP
   pat5 8 776 192 48 64 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 780 200 M 820 200 L 820 250 L 780 250 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 630 100 M 640 100 L 640 110 L 630 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 630 100 M 640 100 L 640 110 L 630 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 640 100 M 650 100 L 650 110 L 640 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 640 100 M 650 100 L 650 110 L 640 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 650 100 M 660 100 L 660 110 L 650 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 650 100 M 660 100 L 660 110 L 650 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 660 100 M 670 100 L 670 110 L 660 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 660 100 M 670 100 L 670 110 L 660 110 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 656 96 16 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 660 100 M 670 100 L 670 110 L 660 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 670 100 M 680 100 L 680 110 L 670 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 670 100 M 680 100 L 680 110 L 670 110 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 664 96 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 670 100 M 680 100 L 680 110 L 670 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 680 100 M 690 100 L 690 110 L 680 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 680 100 M 690 100 L 690 110 L 680 110 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 672 96 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 680 100 M 690 100 L 690 110 L 680 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 630 120 M 640 120 L 640 130 L 630 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 630 120 M 640 120 L 640 130 L 630 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 640 120 M 650 120 L 650 130 L 640 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 640 120 M 650 120 L 650 130 L 640 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 650 120 M 660 120 L 660 130 L 650 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 650 120 M 660 120 L 660 130 L 650 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 660 120 M 670 120 L 670 130 L 660 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 660 120 M 670 120 L 670 130 L 660 130 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 656 112 16 24 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 660 120 M 670 120 L 670 130 L 660 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 670 120 M 680 120 L 680 130 L 670 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 670 120 M 680 120 L 680 130 L 670 130 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 664 112 24 24 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 670 120 M 680 120 L 680 130 L 670 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 680 120 M 690 120 L 690 130 L 680 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 680 120 M 690 120 L 690 130 L 680 130 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 672 112 24 24 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 680 120 M 690 120 L 690 130 L 680 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 630 140 M 640 140 L 640 150 L 630 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 630 140 M 640 140 L 640 150 L 630 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 640 140 M 650 140 L 650 150 L 640 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 640 140 M 650 140 L 650 150 L 640 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 650 140 M 660 140 L 660 150 L 650 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 650 140 M 660 140 L 660 150 L 650 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 660 140 M 670 140 L 670 150 L 660 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 660 140 M 670 140 L 670 150 L 660 150 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 656 136 16 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 660 140 M 670 140 L 670 150 L 660 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 670 140 M 680 140 L 680 150 L 670 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 670 140 M 680 140 L 680 150 L 670 150 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 664 136 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 670 140 M 680 140 L 680 150 L 670 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 680 140 M 690 140 L 690 150 L 680 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 680 140 M 690 140 L 690 150 L 680 150 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 672 136 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 680 140 M 690 140 L 690 150 L 680 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 240 100 M 250 100 L 250 110 L 240 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 240 100 M 250 100 L 250 110 L 240 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 250 100 M 260 100 L 260 110 L 250 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 250 100 M 260 100 L 260 110 L 250 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 260 100 M 270 100 L 270 110 L 260 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 260 100 M 270 100 L 270 110 L 260 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 270 100 M 280 100 L 280 110 L 270 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 270 100 M 280 100 L 280 110 L 270 110 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 264 96 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 270 100 M 280 100 L 280 110 L 270 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 280 100 M 290 100 L 290 110 L 280 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 280 100 M 290 100 L 290 110 L 280 110 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 272 96 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 280 100 M 290 100 L 290 110 L 280 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 290 100 M 300 100 L 300 110 L 290 110 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 290 100 M 300 100 L 300 110 L 290 110 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 288 96 16 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 290 100 M 300 100 L 300 110 L 290 110 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 240 120 M 250 120 L 250 130 L 240 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 240 120 M 250 120 L 250 130 L 240 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 250 120 M 260 120 L 260 130 L 250 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 250 120 M 260 120 L 260 130 L 250 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 260 120 M 270 120 L 270 130 L 260 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 260 120 M 270 120 L 270 130 L 260 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 270 120 M 280 120 L 280 130 L 270 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 270 120 M 280 120 L 280 130 L 270 130 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 264 112 24 24 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 270 120 M 280 120 L 280 130 L 270 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 280 120 M 290 120 L 290 130 L 280 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 280 120 M 290 120 L 290 130 L 280 130 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 272 112 24 24 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 280 120 M 290 120 L 290 130 L 280 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 290 120 M 300 120 L 300 130 L 290 130 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 290 120 M 300 120 L 300 130 L 290 130 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 288 112 16 24 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 290 120 M 300 120 L 300 130 L 290 130 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 240 140 M 250 140 L 250 150 L 240 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 240 140 M 250 140 L 250 150 L 240 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 250 140 M 260 140 L 260 150 L 250 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 250 140 M 260 140 L 260 150 L 250 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 260 140 M 270 140 L 270 150 L 260 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 260 140 M 270 140 L 270 150 L 260 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 270 140 M 280 140 L 280 150 L 270 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 270 140 M 280 140 L 280 150 L 270 150 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 264 136 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 270 140 M 280 140 L 280 150 L 270 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 280 140 M 290 140 L 290 150 L 280 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 280 140 M 290 140 L 290 150 L 280 150 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 272 136 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 280 140 M 290 140 L 290 150 L 280 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 290 140 M 300 140 L 300 150 L 290 150 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 290 140 M 300 140 L 300 150 L 290 150 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 288 136 16 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 290 140 M 300 140 L 300 150 L 290 150 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 240 160 M 250 160 L 250 170 L 240 170 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 240 160 M 250 160 L 250 170 L 240 170 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 250 160 M 260 160 L 260 170 L 250 170 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 250 160 M 260 160 L 260 170 L 250 170 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 260 160 M 270 160 L 270 170 L 260 170 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 260 160 M 270 160 L 270 170 L 260 170 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 270 160 M 280 160 L 280 170 L 270 170 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 270 160 M 280 160 L 280 170 L 270 170 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 264 152 24 24 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 270 160 M 280 160 L 280 170 L 270 170 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 280 160 M 290 160 L 290 170 L 280 170 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 280 160 M 290 160 L 290 170 L 280 170 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 272 152 24 24 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 280 160 M 290 160 L 290 170 L 280 170 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 290 160 M 300 160 L 300 170 L 290 170 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 290 160 M 300 160 L 300 170 L 290 170 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 288 152 16 24 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 290 160 M 300 160 L 300 170 L 290 170 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 240 180 M 250 180 L 250 190 L 240 190 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 240 180 M 250 180 L 250 190 L 240 190 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 250 180 M 260 180 L 260 190 L 250 190 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 250 180 M 260 180 L 260 190 L 250 190 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 260 180 M 270 180 L 270 190 L 260 190 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 260 180 M 270 180 L 270 190 L 260 190 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 270 180 M 280 180 L 280 190 L 270 190 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 270 180 M 280 180 L 280 190 L 270 190 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 264 176 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 270 180 M 280 180 L 280 190 L 270 190 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 280 180 M 290 180 L 290 190 L 280 190 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 280 180 M 290 180 L 290 190 L 280 190 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 272 176 24 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 280 180 M 290 180 L 290 190 L 280 190 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 290 180 M 300 180 L 300 190 L 290 190 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 290 180 M 300 180 L 300 190 L 290 190 L CP EC NP
   pat6 8 288 176 16 16 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 290 180 M 300 180 L 300 190 L 290 190 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% ARC
0 SG
GS
   GS
      NP
         467 135 45 45 -86 86 TGAN
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   NP 740 460 M 780 460 L 780 510 L 740 510 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
   NP 740 460 M 780 460 L 780 510 L 740 510 L CP EC NP
   pat5 8 736 456 48 56 TGPF
GR
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 740 460 M 780 460 L 780 510 L 740 510 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 780 460 M 820 460 L 820 510 L 780 510 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      590 70 M
      30 -80 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 510 exch SU
      exch sin 8.000 MU 100 exch SU L
   TGSM
   1 W
   S
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      510 100 8.000 3.000 -80 30 TGAT
   1 SG CP F
   0 SG
   NP
      510 100 8.000 3.000 -80 30 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      660 280 M
      -120 0 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 660 exch SU
      exch sin 8.000 MU 160 exch SU L
   TGSM
   1 W
   S
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      660 160 8.000 3.000 0 -120 TGAT
   1 SG CP F
   0 SG
   NP
      660 160 8.000 3.000 0 -120 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      270 390 M
      -180 70 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 340 exch SU
      exch sin 8.000 MU 210 exch SU L
   TGSM
   1 W
   S
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      340 210 8.000 3.000 70 -180 TGAT
   1 SG CP F
   0 SG
   NP
      340 210 8.000 3.000 70 -180 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      240 210 M
      0 60 atan DU cos 8.000 MU exch sin 8.000 MU RM
      0 60 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 300 exch SU
      exch sin 8.000 MU 210 exch SU L
   TGSM
   1 W
   S
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      240 210 8.000 3.000 -60 0 TGAT
   1 SG CP F
   0 SG
   NP
      240 210 8.000 3.000 -60 0 TGAT
   CP F
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      300 210 8.000 3.000 60 0 TGAT
   1 SG CP F
   0 SG
   NP
      300 210 8.000 3.000 60 0 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      780 280 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (file) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (file) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      780 540 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (file) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (file) SH
      GR
   GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      660 520 M
      -30 70 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 730 exch SU
      exch sin 8.000 MU 490 exch SU L
   TGSM
   1 W
   S
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      730 490 8.000 3.000 70 -30 TGAT
   1 SG CP F
   0 SG
   NP
      730 490 8.000 3.000 70 -30 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      480 500 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (Grid network) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (Grid network) SH
      GR
   GR

GR
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%%Trailer
%MatchingCreationDate: Wed Jun 29 20:52:16 2005
%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica
%%EOF

%%EndDocument
@endspecial Fq 2141 1518 a(Figure) j(1.) g(P) n(arallel) h(data) f
(transf) o(er) g(in) g(GridFTP) p Fr 1974 1896 a(tions) f(of) g(the) g
(e) o(xtende) n(d) h(block) e(mode) g(in) i(GridFTP) f(v1,) g(such) g
(that) 1974 1996 y(data) e(transfer) g(is) i(restricted) e(to) h(a) g
(single) f(direction) f(and) h(unable) g(to) 1974 2095
y(open) n(/close) 28 b(data) g(chann) n(els) h(in) f(the) g(midst) g
(of) f(the) h(data) g(transfer) -7 b(.) 1974 2195 y(Ho) n(we) n(v) m
(er) m(,) 19 b(ho) n(w) f(to) i(con\002g) n(ure) f(the) g(GridFTP) g
(con) n(trol) g(parameter) n(s) 1974 2294 y(re) o(ga) n(rding) h
(parallel) h(TCP) h(connectio) n(ns) g(has) g(not) f(been) f(addressed)
1974 2394 y(e) n(v) o(en) f(in) h(the) h(discussion) e(on) h(GridFTP) g
(v2.) 2073 2508 y(Multiple) i(TCP) h(conn) n(ections) f(can) g(be) g
(established) f(in) i(parallel) 1974 2607 y(in) 30 b(GridFTP) g(using) p
Fp 30 w(OPTS) 49 b(RETR) p Fr 30 w(comman) n(d) 31 b(\(Fig.) f(1\).) 55
b(W) m(ith) 1974 2707 y(this) 30 b(feature,) h(a) g(single) e(\002le) i
(can) e(be) h(transferr) n(ed) g(from) f(a) h(single) 1974
2806 y(serv) o(er) 21 b(throug) n(h) h(multiple) g(TCP) h(conn) n
(ections.) 31 b(Higher) 22 b(thro) n(ugh-) 1974 2906
y(put) j(can) h(be) f(e) o(xpected) f(by) i(aggr) n(e) o(gatin) n(g) g
(multiple) f(TCP) i(conn) n(ec-) 1974 3006 y(tions) 20
b(in) g(compar) n(ison) h(to) f(using) g(a) g(single) g(TCP) h(connec) n
(tion) f([14].) 2073 3119 y(This) 25 b(can) g(be) f(e) o(xplain) n(ed) h
(by) f(the) g(follo) n(wing) f(reasons:) 34 b(\(1\)) 24
b(By) 1974 3219 y(aggr) n(e) o(gating) 35 b(multiple) h(TCP) h
(connectio) n(ns,) k(lar) o(ge) n(r) c(band) n(width) 1974
3319 y(can) 23 b(be) f(gained) g(in) h(the) g(TCP) g(congestion) e(a) n
(v) n(oidance) h(phase) h(than) 1974 3418 y(those) 31
b(gaine) n(d) h(by) f(other) g(comp) n(eting) g(TCP) h(connec) n
(tions.) 59 b(This) 1974 3518 y(situation) 27 b(results) h(from) f(the)
h(f) o(act) f(that,) j(in) e(the) f(TCP) i(cong) n(estion) 1974
3617 y(a) n(v) n(oidan) n(ce) 37 b(pha) n(se,) k(the) 36
b(AIMD) f(windo) n(w) g(\003o) n(w) h(contro) n(l) h(is) g(be-) 1974
3717 y(ing) 26 b(e) o(x) o(ecu) n(ted,) i(and) e(theref) n(ore) g
(aggre) o(g) n(ated) g(multiple) g(TCP) h(con-) 1974
3817 y(nection) n(s) 21 b(can) e(transfer) f(data) i(more) e(adv) n
(antag) n(eously) h(throu) n(gh) g(the) 1974 3916 y(netw) o(ork) 24
b(with) h(a) g(smaller) g(pack) o(et) f(loss) i(prob) n(ability) -5
b(.) 39 b(\(2\)) 24 b(By) i(ag-) 1974 4016 y(gre) o(g) n(ating) h
(multiple) g(TCP) h(conn) n(ections,) h(the) e(total) h(TCP) g(sock) o
(et) 1974 4116 y(b) n(uf) n(f) n(er) h(size) h(a) n(v) n(ailable) f(to)
g(the) g(\002le) g(transfer) f(increases.) 51 b(Aggre-) 1974
4215 y(gatio) n(n) 27 b(of) p Fo 26 w(N) p Fr 35 w(TCP) g(connec) n
(tions) g(can) f(utilize) g(as) p Fo 27 w(N) p Fr 36
w(times) g(TCP) 1974 4315 y(sock) o(et) h(b) n(uf) n(fe) n(r) h(size) g
(as) g(that) f(of) g(a) h(single) f(TCP) h(conn) n(ection.) 46
b(\(3\)) 1974 4414 y(By) 19 b(aggre) o(g) n(ating) f(multiple) g(TCP) i
(connec) n(tions,) f(ramp-u) n(p) g(time) g(of) 1974
4514 y(the) e(transfer) g(rate) h(in) g(the) f(TCP) i(slo) n(w-start) e
(phase) g(is) i(shorten) n(ed.) 24 b(In) 1974 4614 y(the) f(slo) n
(w-start) g(phase,) g(the) g(conge) n(stion) h(windo) l(w) g(dou) n
(bles) g(e) n(v) o(e) n(ry) 1974 4713 y(roun) n(d-trip) 19
b(time.) 26 b(F) o(or) 20 b(this) h(reason,) f(thro) n(ugh) g(the) g
(aggre) o(g) n(ation) f(of) p Fo 1974 4813 a(N) p Fr
35 w(TCP) 26 b(conn) n(ections) f(the) g(speed) g(of) g(the) h
(transfer) e(rate) i(increa) n(se) 1974 4913 y(becom) n(es) p
Fo 21 w(N) p Fr 30 w(times) 20 b(as) h(f) o(ast) g(as) g(that) f(of) g
(a) h(TCP) g(conn) n(ection.) 2073 5026 y(Ho) n(we) n(v) o(er) -5
b(,) 28 b(the) e(throu) n(ghput) f(drops) h(if) g(the) g(numb) n(er) h
(of) f(agg) n(re-) 1974 5126 y(gate) 18 b(TCP) h(conn) n(ections,) p
Fo 18 w(N) p Fr 9 w(,) g(becom) n(es) g(too) f(lar) o(ge) f(since) i
(this) g(may) 1974 5225 y(cause) 34 b(the) g(follo) l(wing) g
(situations:) 52 b(\(1\)) 34 b(The) f(windo) n(w) g(size) i(per) 1974
5325 y(TCP) 30 b(connec) n(tion) g(beco) n(mes) g(smaller) m(,) i(so) e
(TCP) g(timeout) f(w) o(ould) 1859 5574 y(2) p dyy eop
end
%%Page: 3 3
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b(Therefo) n(re,) -182 282 y(the) 23 b(optimal) g(numb) n(er) h(of) f
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b(Design) g(Principles) p Fr -83 1501 a(First,) g(we) d(e) o(xp) n
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2204 y(ha) n(v) o(e) 30 b(already) h(been) g(in) g(operatio) n(n,) j
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y(the) 26 b(automa) n(tic) i(para) n(llelism) g(tunin) n(g) f(mecha) n
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b(Addition) n(ally) -5 b(,) 24 b(it) g(is) g(also) f(f) o(a) n(v) n
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2602 y(ing) 21 b(the) h(e) o(xisting) g(GridFTP) g(pro) n(tocol) g(so) g
(as) h(to) f(enable) g(interco) n(n-) -182 2702 y(nection) 16
b(with) h(e) o(xisting) g(GridFTP) g(serv) o(e) n(rs.) 25
b(If) 17 b(the) g(automatic) f(par) n(-) -182 2801 y(allelism) 21
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(GridFTP) h(client,) f(it) -182 2901 y(will) 25 b(be) g(dif) n
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b(.) 25 b(Non) n(etheless,) c(we) f(belie) n(v) o(e) f(that) -182
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(because) f(most) h(of) g(the) f(trans-) -182 3200 y(fers) h(are) g(e) o
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(the) h(autom) n(atic) g(parallelism) f(tuning) -182
3405 y(mech) n(anism) e(for) e(GridFTP) h(can) g(easily) h(be) f
(installed) g(in) h(Grid) f(com-) -182 3504 y(putin) n(g) 35
b(en) m(v) n(ironm) n(ent.) 67 b(Generally) -5 b(,) 36
b(Grid) e(compu) n(ting) g(is) h(char) n(-) -182 3604
y(acterized) 26 b(by) h(the) g(hetero) n(geneity) g(of) g(comp) n
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b(Grid.) 25 b(Ther) n(efore,) 19 b(the) g(autom) n(atic) h(parallelism)
f(tun-) -182 3803 y(ing) 24 b(mech) n(anism) h(need) n(s) g(to) g(oper)
n(ate) g(in) f(v) n(arious) g(comp) n(uter) g(en) m(vi-) -182
3903 y(ron) n(ments) 19 b(as) h(well) f(as) h(v) n(ario) n(us) f(netw) o
(ork) f(en) m(vir) n(onmen) n(ts.) 26 b(F) o(or) 18 b(this) -182
4002 y(reason) n(,) 24 b(it) f(is) h(prefe) n(rable) f(for) f(the) g
(automatic) g(parallelism) g(tuning) -182 4102 y(mech) n(anism) i(to) f
(be) g(realized) g(in) h(the) f(Grid) g(middle) n(w) m(are) h(layer) -5
b(.) 34 b(In) -182 4202 y(other) c(w) o(ords,) j(it) f(is) g(impor) n
(tant) g(for) e(the) h(automatic) f(parallelism) -182
4301 y(tunin) n(g) g(mecha) n(nism) g(to) f(a) n(v) n(oid) g(using) g
(an) o(y) g(fun) n(ction) g(speci\002c) h(to) -182 4401
y(certain) c(operating) g(systems) i(or) f(netw) o(ork) f(de) n(vices) h
(on) g(the) h(com-) -182 4500 y(puter) n(s.) p Fn -182
4724 a(3.2) o(.) 35 b(Basic) g(Ideas) h(of) e(GridFTP-APT) p
Fr -83 4948 a(In) 20 b([9],) f(the) h(GridFTP) g(good) n(put) p
Fo 20 w(G) p Fr 21 w(in) g(steady) f(state) i(is) g(appro) n(x-) -182
5047 y(imately) e(deri) n(v) o(ed) g(as) p Fo 19 5288
a(G) p Fm 83 w(') p Fl 83 w(min) p Fk 467 5171 a(\022) p
Fo 538 5231 a(N) k(W) p 538 5269 180 4 v 596 5345 a(R) 751
5288 y(;) 2491 67 y(N) p Fl 36 w(\() q(1) p Fm 18 w(\000) p
Fo 18 w(p) p Fj 2812 37 a(\003) p Fl 2849 67 a(\)) p
2491 104 391 4 v 2627 180 a(2) p Fo 14 w(R) p Fk 2906
6 a(\022) p Fm 2967 123 a(\000) p Fl(3) 17 b(+) p Fm
3184 7 a(p) p 3253 7 320 4 v Fl 3253 67 a(6) h(+) g(21) p
Fo 14 w(p) p Fj 3536 43 a(\003) p 3184 104 389 4 v Fm
3304 121 a(p) p 3373 121 80 4 v Fo 3373 180 a(p) p Fj
3415 156 a(\003) p Fk 3583 6 a(\023\023) p Fo 3719 123
a(;) p Fr 104 w(\(1\)) p Fo 2160 398 a(p) p Fj 2202 363
a(\003) p Fm 2323 398 a(') p Fk 2471 256 a( ) p Fm 2537
398 a(\000) p Fl(2) f(+) 2754 342 y(2) p Fo 14 w(B) g(R) p
2754 379 201 4 v 2816 455 a(N) p Fl 2983 398 a(+) 3076
342 y(2) p 3076 379 42 4 v 3076 455 a(3) p Fk 3141 281
a(\022) p Fo 3212 342 a(B) h(R) p 3212 379 145 4 v 3246
455 a(N) p Fk 3367 281 a(\023) p Fi 3428 298 a(2) p Fk
3465 256 a(!) p Fj 3531 273 a(\000) p Fi(1) p Fo 3634
398 a(;) p Fr 189 w(\(2\)) 1974 813 y(where) p Fo 23
w(N) p Fr 34 w(is) 25 b(the) f(num) n(ber) g(of) f(parallel) h(TCP) h
(conn) n(ections,) p Fo 25 w(W) p Fr 36 w(is) 1974 913
y(the) h(TCP) h(sock) o(et) e(b) n(uf) n(fer) g(size) i(for) e(each) h
(TCP) h(con) n(nection,) p Fo 27 w(B) p Fr 30 w(is) 1974
1013 y(the) 21 b(bottlenec) n(k) h(link) f(band) n(width,) g(and) p
Fo 21 w(R) p Fr 22 w(is) h(the) g(rou) n(nd-trip) e(time) 1974
1112 y(of) g(the) g(TCP) h(conn) n(ections.) 2073 1294
y(Equation) i(\(1\)) h(indicates) h(that) f(the) h(GridFTP) f(good) n
(put) p Fo 25 w(G) p Fr 25 w(is) i(a) 1974 1393 y(con) m(v) m(e) o(x) 21
b(fun) n(ction) g(for) g(the) g(numbe) n(r) p Fo 22 w(N) p
Fr 31 w(of) g(parallel) g(TCP) h(conn) n(ec-) 1974 1493
y(tions.) 50 b(Thus,) 31 b(the) d(numb) n(er) h(of) g(para) n(llel) h
(TCP) f(connec) n(tions,) p Fo 31 w(N) p Fr 9 w(,) 1974
1593 y(should) 20 b(be) i(selected) f(so) h(as) g(to) f(maximize) g
(the) g(GridFTP) g(good) n(put) p Fo 1974 1692 a(G) p
Fr(.) 2073 1874 y(In) 31 b(this) h(paper) -5 b(,) 34
b(we) d(prop) n(ose) h(a) f(GridFTP-APT) f(mechanism) 1974
1973 y(that) 23 b(automa) n(tically) g(adjusts) h(the) f(num) n(ber) g
(of) g(parallel) f(TCP) i(con-) 1974 2073 y(nection) n(s.) 44
b(GridFTP-APT) 26 b(utilizes) h(the) f(f) o(act) h(that) f(the) g
(GridFTP) 1974 2172 y(goo) n(dput) 35 b(is) h(a) g(con) m(v) m(e) o(x) f
(functio) n(n) h(for) e(the) i(numb) n(er) f(of) h(parallel) 1974
2272 y(TCP) 27 b(conn) n(ections.) 43 b(The) 26 b(basic) h(idea) f(of) g
(GridFTP-APT) g(is) h(that) 1974 2372 y(a) 21 b(GridFTP) f(client) g
(di) n(vides) g(a) h(\002le) g(to) f(transfer) g(into) g(block) n(s) h
(called) p Fs 1974 2471 a(c) o(hu) n(nk) p Fr(,) h(and) f(adjusts) h
(the) g(numb) n(er) g(of) f(parallel) g(TCP) i(conn) n(ections) 1974
2571 y(at) 31 b(the) f(end) g(of) g(e) n(v) o(ery) f(chun) n(k) i
(transfer) -7 b(.) 57 b(Chunk) n(-based) 30 b(transfer) 1974
2671 y(can) 20 b(be) g(realized) g(using) g(the) g(e) o(xten) n(ded) g
(block) f(mode) h(of) g(GridFTP) -9 b(.) 1974 2770 y(More) 27
b(speci\002cally) -5 b(,) 29 b(GridFTP-APT) e(measures) h(the) g(goo) n
(dput) g(at) 1974 2870 y(e) n(v) o(er) n(y) k(chun) n(k) g(transfer) -7
b(.) 60 b(Accordin) n(g) 32 b(to) f(measureme) n(nt) h(results,) 1974
2970 y(GridFTP-APT) 23 b(adjusts) h(the) g(num) n(ber) g(of) f
(parallel) g(TCP) i(conn) n(ec-) 1974 3069 y(tions) 33
b(so) g(that) f(the) h(GridFTP) f(goodp) n(ut) h(is) g(maximized) f
(using) g(a) 1974 3169 y(num) n(erical) 21 b(compu) n(tation) g(algor) n
(ithm) g(for) f(a) i(maxim) n(ization) f(pro) n(b-) 1974
3268 y(lem.) 2073 3450 y(GridFTP-APT) 36 b(uses) g(the) g(GSS) g
(\(Golden) f(Section) g(Search\)) 1974 3549 y(algor) n(ithm,) 30
b(one) d(of) g(numer) n(ical) i(comp) n(utation) e(algorith) n(ms) i
(for) e(a) 1974 3649 y(maxim) n(ization) d(prob) n(lem) h([13) n(].) 37
b(GSS) 25 b(algorithm) e(is) i(a) g(techniq) n(ue) 1974
3749 y(of) e(numer) n(ically) h(searching) e(for) p Fo
23 w(x) p Fr 25 w(that) i(max) n(imizes) p Fo 24 w(f) p
Fl 9 w(\() p Fo(x) p Fl(\)) p Fr(,) i(when) p Fo 1974
3848 a(f) p Fl 9 w(\() p Fo(x) p Fl(\)) p Fr 35 w(is) 34
b(a) g(con) m(v) m(e) o(x) g(fun) n(ction) g(in) f(the) h(range) f(of) p
Fl 33 w([) p Fo(x) p Fh 3536 3860 a(l) p Fl 3610 3848
a(:) p Fo 48 w(x) p Fh 3728 3860 a(r) p Fl 3765 3848
a(]) p Fr 35 w(and) 1974 3948 y(deri) n(v) l(ati) n(v) o(es) d(of) p
Fo 30 w(f) p Fl 9 w(\() p Fo(x) p Fl(\)) p Fr 32 w(are) g(unk) n(no) n
(wn.) 54 b(GridFTP-APT) 30 b(num) n(eri-) 1974 4048 y(cally) 22
b(searches) f(for) h(the) g(optima) n(l) h(numb) n(er) f(of) g
(parallel) f(TCP) i(con-) 1974 4147 y(nection) n(s) 30
b(that) f(maximizes) f(the) h(GridFTP) g(good) n(put) g(using) f(GSS)
1974 4247 y(algor) n(ithm.) 2073 4428 y(The) 19 b(GridFTP) g(good) n
(put) g(of) g(each) f(chunk) g(transfer) g(can) h(be) g(cal-) 1974
4528 y(culated) f(from) g(the) h(chunk) f(size) h(and) g(its) h
(transfer) e(time,) h(which) f(can) 1974 4628 y(be) e(measur) n(ed) g
(by) g(transfer) n(ring) g(the) g(chun) n(k) g(in) g(the) g(e) o(xtend)
n(ed) g(block) 1974 4727 y(mod) n(e) 27 b([4]) n(.) 42
b(Speci\002cally) -5 b(,) 26 b(a) g(chunk) e(is) j(transferr) n(ed) f
(by) p Fp 25 w(ERET) p Fr 25 w(or) p Fp 1974 4827 a(ESTO) p
Fr 30 w(comm) n(and) k(in) g(the) g(e) o(xten) n(ded) g(block) f(mod) n
(e) i(of) e(GridFTP) 1974 4926 y(while) 19 b(measur) n(ing) g(its) g
(response) f(time,) p Fo 19 w(T) p Fr 12 w(.) 24 b(Since) 19
b(the) f(response) g(to) p Fp 1974 5026 a(ERET) p Fr
18 w(or) p Fp 18 w(ESTO) p Fr 18 w(comm) n(and) g(is) h(return) n(ed) f
(when) g(the) g(chun) n(k) h(trans-) 1974 5126 y(fer) e(is) h(com) n
(pleted) f([4],) g(the) g(GridFTP) g(goo) n(dput) f(can) h(be) g
(calculated) 1974 5225 y(as) p Fo 16 w(G) p Fl 23 w(=) p
Fo 23 w(X=T) p Fr 26 w(from) d(the) i(chun) n(k) g(size,) p
Fo 16 w(X) p Fr 7 w(,) g(and) f(the) h(respon) n(se) g(time,) p
Fo 1974 5325 a(T) p Fr 12 w(.) 1859 5574 y(3) p dyy eop
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b(the) g(num) n(ber) g(of) g(parallel) g(TCP) h(conn) n(ections:) p
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a(0) p Fo 945 2368 a(;) p Fr -16 2558 a(where) p Fo 16
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(er) g(of) g(parallel) g(TCP) h(con) n(nec-) -16 2657
y(tions.) -120 2836 y(2.) 41 b(T) m(ran) n(sfer) 23 b(a) h(chun) n(k) f
(while) g(measurin) n(g) g(the) g(GridFTP) g(goo) n(d-) -16
2936 y(put) p Fo 20 w(G) p Fl(\() p Fo(N) p Fl 9 w(\)) p
Fr(.) -120 3115 y(3.) 41 b(If) 29 b(the) g(follo) n(win) n(g) h(inequ) n
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Fl 9 w(\)) p Fr 43 w(and) 42 b(terminate) g(the) h(algo-) -16
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Fl 9 w(\)) p Fo 24 w(<) 22 b(G) p Fl(\() p Fo(N) p Fj
981 3515 a(\000) p Fi(1) p Fl 1071 3503 a(\)) p Fr -16
3692 a(Otherwise,) d(proceed) g(to) h(the) g(step) h(4.) -120
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b(and) f(return) f(to) h(the) g(step) h(2.) p Fo 575
4160 a(N) p Fm 32 w( ) p Fo 23 w(\013) p Fm 19 w(\002) p
Fo 18 w(N) t(;) p Fr -16 4349 a(where) p Fo 22 w(\013) p
Fl(\() p Fo(>) p Fl 27 w(1\)) p Fr 23 w(is) j(a) f(contr) n(ol) g
(paramete) n(r) -5 b(.) 33 b(Note) 23 b(that,) g(since) -16
4449 y(the) 28 b(num) n(ber) g(of) g(parallel) f(TCP) i(conne) n
(ctions) f(is) h(a) g(positi) n(v) o(e) -16 4548 y(inte) o(g) n(er) m
(,) 23 b(the) g(inte) o(ger) f(closest) h(to) p Fo 23
w(N) p Fr 32 w(in) g(the) g(abo) o(v) m(e) g(equation) -16
4648 y(is) e(used) f(as) h(the) f(num) n(ber) g(of) g(parallel) g(TCP) h
(conn) n(ections.) -83 4824 y(Using) 35 b(the) g(GSS) g(algorithm) n(,)
k(GridFTP-APT) 34 b(searches) h(for) -182 4923 y(the) 19
b(numb) n(er) h(of) f(parallel) g(TCP) i(conn) n(ections) e(that) h
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h(the) g(brac) n(k) o(et) p Fl 30 w(\() p Fo(l) r(;) 14
b(m;) g(r) p Fl 2 w(\)) p Fr 31 w(durin) n(g) 30 b(suc-) -182
5123 y(ceedin) n(g) 21 b(chu) n(nk) f(transfers.) -83
5225 y(GridFTP-APT) 36 b(searches) g(for) f(the) i(optim) n(al) g(numb)
n(er) p Fo 37 w(N) p Fr 45 w(of) -182 5325 y(para) n(llel) 21
b(TCP) g(connec) n(tions) g(as) g(follo) l(ws.) 2036
83 y(1.) 41 b(Update) 19 b(the) i(num) n(ber) p Fo 20
w(N) p Fr 30 w(of) e(parallel) h(TCP) h(conne) n(ctions:) p
Fo 2188 311 a(N) p Fm 32 w( ) p Fk 2393 194 a(\032) p
Fo 2497 261 a(l) p Fl 20 w(+) d(\() p Fo(m) p Fm 19 w(\000) p
Fo 18 w(l) p Fl 2 w(\)) p Fo(\027) p Fr 147 w(if) p Fo
21 w(m) p Fm 18 w(\000) p Fo 18 w(l) 25 b(>) d(r) p Fm
22 w(\000) p Fo 18 w(m) 2497 360 y(m) p Fl 18 w(+) c(\() p
Fo(r) p Fm 22 w(\000) p Fo 18 w(m) p Fl(\)) p Fo(\027) p
Fr 88 w(otherwise) 3846 311 y(\(3\)) 2140 555 y(where) p
Fo 18 w(\027) p Fr 25 w(is) i(the) f(golden) f(ratio) h(\() p
Fl(=) j(\(3) p Fm 14 w(\000) 3324 487 y(p) p 3393 487
42 4 v Fl 3393 555 a(5) o(\)) p Fo(=) p Fl(2) p Fr(\)) d([13) n(].) 25
b(Note) 2140 655 y(that,) i(since) e(the) h(num) n(ber) f(of) g
(parallel) g(TCP) i(conn) n(ections) e(is) 2140 755 y(a) 20
b(positi) n(v) o(e) e(inte) o(ger) m(,) g(the) i(inte) o(ger) e
(closest) i(to) p Fo 20 w(N) p Fr 29 w(in) f(the) h(abo) o(v) m(e) 2140
854 y(equatio) n(n) 29 b(is) i(used) d(as) i(the) f(numb) n(er) h(of) e
(parallel) h(TCP) h(con-) 2140 954 y(nection) n(s.) 2036
1119 y(2.) 41 b(T) m(ransfer) 22 b(a) h(chun) n(k) g(while) g(measurin)
n(g) g(the) g(GridFTP) g(goo) n(d-) 2140 1219 y(put) p
Fo 20 w(G) p Fl(\() p Fo(N) p Fl 9 w(\)) p Fr(.) 2036
1384 y(3.) 41 b(If) 26 b(the) g(follo) n(wing) f(inequ) n(ality) i(is) g
(satis\002ed,) h(procee) n(d) f(to) f(the) 2140 1484
y(step) 20 b(4.) p Fo 2699 1665 a(G) p Fl(\() p Fo(N) p
Fl 9 w(\)) p Fo 23 w(>) j(G) p Fl(\() p Fo(m) p Fl(\)) p
Fr 2140 1847 a(If) 39 b(the) h(abo) o(v) m(e) g(inequality) f(is) h
(not) g(satis\002ed,) 45 b(chan) n(ge) 40 b(the) 2140
1946 y(brack) m(et) 21 b(as) g(follo) n(ws) f(and) f(return) g(to) i
(the) f(step) h(1.) p Fl 2309 2174 a(\() p Fo(l) r(;) 14
b(m;) g(r) p Fl 2 w(\)) p Fm 24 w( ) p Fk 2716 2057 a(\032) p
Fl 2820 2124 a(\() p Fo(l) r(;) g(m;) g(N) p Fl 9 w(\)) p
Fr 91 w(if) p Fo 20 w(m) 23 b(<) g(N) p Fl 2820 2223
a(\() p Fo(N) t(;) 14 b(m;) g(r) p Fl 2 w(\)) p Fr 84
w(other) n(wise) 2036 2433 y(4.) 41 b(Change) 17 b(the) h(brack) o(et) f
(as) i(follo) n(ws,) f(and) g(retur) n(n) h(to) f(the) g(step) g(1.) p
Fl 2309 2661 a(\() p Fo(l) r(;) c(m;) g(r) p Fl 2 w(\)) p
Fm 24 w( ) p Fk 2716 2544 a(\032) p Fl 2820 2610 a(\() p
Fo(m;) g(N) t(;) g(r) p Fl 2 w(\)) p Fr 84 w(if) p Fo
20 w(m) 23 b(<) g(N) p Fl 2820 2710 a(\() p Fo(l) r(;) 14
b(N) t(;) g(m) p Fl(\)) p Fr 96 w(other) n(wise) 3846
2661 y(\(4\)) p Fn 1974 2926 a(3.4) o(.) 35 b(Determining) g(Ch) m(unk)
i(Size) p Fr 2073 3133 a(It) 18 b(is) h(an) e(impor) n(tant) h(prob) n
(lem) g(to) f(appro) n(priately) g(determin) n(e) h(the) 1974
3233 y(size) j(of) f(a) g(chunk) f(in) h(e) n(v) o(ery) f(chun) n(k) i
(transfer) -7 b(.) 2073 3332 y(F) o(or) 18 b(acceleratin) n(g) g
(search) f(of) h(the) f(optimal) g(numb) n(er) h(of) g(parallel) 1974
3432 y(TCP) 27 b(connectio) n(ns,) i(it) e(is) h(desirable) e(to) h(k) o
(eep) f(the) h(chun) n(k) g(size) g(as) 1974 3532 y(small) c(as) g
(possible.) 30 b(W) m(ith) 23 b(a) g(small) g(chu) n(nk) f(size,) h
(since) g(each) f(step) 1974 3631 y(in) c(the) g(algorith) n(m) g
(described) f(abo) o(v) m(e) h(is) h(complete) n(d) f(more) g(shortly)
-7 b(,) 1974 3731 y(it) 25 b(is) h(e) o(xp) n(ected) f(that) g(the) f
(numb) n(er) h(of) f(parallel) h(TCP) g(conn) n(ections) 1974
3831 y(con) m(v) m(er) o(g) n(es) c(f) o(aster) f(to) h(the) f(optimal)
f(v) n(alue.) 2073 3930 y(Ho) n(we) n(v) o(er) -5 b(,) 27
b(if) f(the) g(chun) n(k) g(size) g(is) g(too) g(small,) h(the) e(good)
n(put) g(of) 1974 4030 y(each) 33 b(TCP) g(connec) n(tion) g(cannot) f
(be) h(measured) f(accura) n(tely) i(be-) 1974 4129 y(cause) 22
b(of) g(TCP') -5 b(s) 24 b(character) n(istics) g([5].) 31
b(Conseque) n(ntly) -5 b(,) 23 b(since) f(the) 1974 4229
y(num) n(ber) 28 b(of) f(parallel) h(TCP) g(connectio) n(ns) g(does) g
(not) f(con) m(v) m(er) o(ge) g(to) 1974 4329 y(the) k(optim) n(al) h
(v) n(alu) n(e,) i(the) d(GridFTP) f(good) n(put) h(cann) n(ot) g(be) g
(maxi-) 1974 4428 y(mized.) 24 b(F) o(or) 19 b(this) i(reason) n(,) g
(it) f(is) h(necessary) e(to) h(increa) n(se) h(the) f(chun) n(k) 1974
4528 y(size) h(so) f(that) h(the) f(TCP) h(goo) n(dput) f(can) g(be) g
(measure) n(d) h(accur) n(ately) -5 b(.) 2073 4628 y(The) 35
b(chun) n(k) g(size) g(requir) n(ed) g(for) f(accura) n(tely) h
(measurin) n(g) g(the) 1974 4727 y(TCP) 20 b(goo) n(dput) f(is) h(af) n
(fected) e(by) h(the) g(netw) o(ork) f(bandw) n(idth.) 25
b(Hence,) 1974 4827 y(it) d(is) h(necessary) d(to) i(determin) n(e) g
(the) g(chun) n(k) g(size) g(accord) n(ing) f(to) h(the) 1974
4926 y(netw) o(ork) i(bandwid) n(th.) 42 b(Ho) n(we) n(v) o(e) n(r) m
(,) 27 b(of) e(course,) h(we) h(cann) n(ot) f(kno) n(w) 1974
5026 y(the) 21 b(netw) o(or) n(k) g(bandw) n(idth) p
Fs 21 w(befor) m(e) p Fr 20 w(the) g(chun) n(k) g(transfer) -5
b(.) 26 b(Since) 21 b(the) 1974 5126 y(GridFTP-APT) 29
b(uses) h(the) g(e) o(xtend) n(ed) g(block) f(mode) g(of) g(GridFTP)
1974 5225 y(for) 23 b(chun) n(k) h(transfer) n(s,) h(there) e(is) i(a) f
(limitation) f(that) g(the) h(block) f(size) 1974 5325
y(must) d(be) g(speci\002ed) g(befor) n(e) h(starting) f(the) g(block) f
(transfer) -5 b(.) 1859 5574 y(4) p dyy eop end
%%Page: 5 5
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(transfer) -5 b(,) 32 b(and) d(dyn) n(am-) -182 282 y(ically) e
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(size) p Fo 21 w(X) p Fr 27 w(as) i(follo) n(ws.) -83
581 y(When) 45 b(searchin) n(g) g(for) f(the) g(brack) o(et,) 50
b(GridFTP-APT) 44 b(pre-) -182 681 y(dicts) 33 b(the) h(GridFTP) f(goo)
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a(\(\(1) p Fm 18 w(\000) p Fo 18 w(\030) p Fl 4 w(\)) p
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4727 y(GridFTP-) n(APT) -6 b(.) 38 b(Figure) g(2) g(sho) n(ws) g(an) g
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Fo 31 w(N) 1989 1407 y @beginspecial 30 @llx 540 @lly
340 @urx 765 @ury 2326 @rwi @setspecial
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%%Trailer
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%%EndDocument
@endspecial Fq 2073 1590 a(Figure) c(2.) f(Example) h(of) f
(GridFTP-APT) g(operation) 2073 1689 y(when) e(sear) n(c) o(hing) h(f) n
(or) f(a) g(brac) n(ket) p Fr 1974 2134 a(of) 32 b(para) n(llel) h(TCP)
g(conn) n(ections) f(to) p Fo 32 w(N) p Fi 3135 2146
a(0) p Fr 3205 2134 a(\(=) g(1\).) 60 b(GridFTP-APT) 1974
2234 y(multiplicati) n(v) m(ely) 24 b(incre) n(ases) h(the) f(num) n
(ber) f(of) h(para) n(llel) h(TCP) f(con-) 1974 2333
y(nection) n(s) k(as) g(1) p Fm 27 w(!) p Fr 27 w(2) p
Fm 27 w(!) p Fr 28 w(4) p Fm 27 w(!) p Fr 28 w(8) f(at) g(e) n(v) o
(ery) f(chun) n(k) h(transfer) f(until) 1974 2433 y(the) 20
b(GridFTP) g(good) n(put) g(starts) i(to) e(decrease.) 25
b(Since) 20 b(the) g(GridFTP) 1974 2533 y(goo) n(dput) c(decre) n(ases)
h(when) f(the) g(numb) n(er) p Fo 16 w(N) p Fr 26 w(of) g(para) n(llel)
h(TCP) g(con-) 1974 2632 y(nection) n(s) 22 b(chang) n(es) g(as) f(4) p
Fm 21 w(!) p Fr 22 w(8,) g(the) f(brack) o(et) g(is) i(determin) n(ed) f
(as) h(\(2,) 1974 2732 y(4,) e(8\).) 2073 2837 y(Ne) o(xt,) 32
b(Fig.) e(3) g(sho) n(ws) g(an) g(e) o(xam) n(ple) g(operatio) n(n) g
(of) g(GridFTP-) 1974 2937 y(APT) 36 b(when) f(searching) f(for) i(the)
f(optimal) g(numb) n(er) h(of) g(parallel) 1974 3037
y(TCP) 20 b(conn) n(ections.) 25 b(In) 19 b(Fig.) h(3,) f(the) g(numbe)
n(r) p Fo 20 w(k) p Fr 23 w(on) g(an) g(arro) n(w) g(indi-) 1974
3136 y(cates) i(that) f(the) g(brack) m(et) h(is) g(changed) e(at) p
Fo 21 w(k) p Fr 3 w(-th) g(chunk) g(transfer) -5 b(.) 2073
3242 y(The) 17 b(GSS) i(algor) n(ithm) e(is) h(applied) f(to) g(the) h
(brac) n(k) o(et) g(\(2,) f(4,) h(8\)) f(dur) n(-) 1974
3341 y(ing) 28 b(chun) n(k) g(transfers,) i(and) d(the) h(numb) n(er) h
(of) e(parallel) h(TCP) h(con-) 1974 3441 y(nection) n(s) d(is) f
(adjusted) f(for) h(max) n(imizing) f(the) h(GridFTP) g(goo) n(dput.)
1974 3541 y(Since) j(the) f(brack) o(et) g(is) i(\(2,) g(4,) g(8\),) g
(the) f(num) n(ber) g(of) f(parallel) g(TCP) 1974 3640
y(conn) n(ections) g(at) g(the) g(5-th) f(chunk) g(transfe) n(r) p
Fo 28 w(N) p Fr 36 w(is) i(deter) n(mined) e(as) p Fo
1974 3740 a(N) p Fl 52 w(=) 43 b(6) p Fr 31 w(from) 30
b(Eq.) h(\(3\).) 57 b(The) 31 b(GridFTP) g(goo) n(dput) f(in) i(the) f
(5-th) 1974 3840 y(chun) n(k) 21 b(transfer) f(is) p
Fo 22 w(G) p Fl(\(6\)) p Fr(,) h(and) f(since) p Fo 21
w(G) p Fl(\(4\)) p Fo 25 w(<) j(G) p Fl(\(6\)) p Fr 22
w(is) f(satis\002ed,) 1974 3939 y(the) i(brack) o(et) g(is) i(upd) n
(ated) f(as) g(\(4,) g(6,) g(8\)) g(from) e(Eq.) h(\(4\).) 38
b(Hereafter) -5 b(,) 1974 4039 y(in) 19 b(a) h(similar) g(w) o(ay) -5
b(,) 19 b(GridFTP-APT) g(chang) n(es) h(the) g(num) n(ber) f(of) h(par)
n(-) 1974 4138 y(allel) 28 b(TCP) h(connec) n(tions) p
Fo 29 w(N) p Fr 37 w(as) g(6) p Fm 28 w(!) p Fr 29 w(7) p
Fm 28 w(!) p Fr 28 w(5,) h(and) e(upd) n(ates) h(the) 1974
4238 y(brack) m(et) 24 b(as) g(\(4,) g(6,) g(8) f(\)) p
Fm 24 w(!) p Fr 24 w(\(4,) g(6,) h(7\)) p Fm 23 w(!) p
Fr 24 w(\(5,) g(6,) f(7\).) 34 b(Finally) -5 b(,) 24
b(when) 1974 4338 y(the) 31 b(brack) m(et) h(is) f(\(5,) i(6,) h(7\),) f
(the) d(numbe) n(r) h(of) g(parallel) f(TCP) i(con-) 1974
4437 y(nection) n(s) 24 b(is) h(\002x) o(ed) d(at) p
Fo 24 w(N) p Fl 38 w(=) 29 b(6) p Fr(,) 24 b(which) e(maximizes) h(the)
g(GridFTP) 1974 4537 y(goo) n(dput.) p Ft 1974 4787 a(4.) h(Simulation)
p Fr 2073 5020 a(In) i(this) h(section,) g(we) f(quan) n(titati) n(v) o
(ely) g(e) n(v) n(alua) n(te) h(the) f(ef) n(fecti) n(v) m(e-) 1974
5120 y(ness) 21 b(of) e(GridFTP-APT) h(throu) n(gh) g(simulation) f(e) o
(xper) n(iments.) 2073 5225 y(Figure) 29 b(4) g(sho) n(ws) g(the) g
(netw) o(ork) f(model) g(used) h(in) g(simulation.) 1974
5325 y(W) -7 b(e) 25 b(perfo) n(rmed) f(simulation) f(by) h(chan) n
(ging) g(the) g(pro) n(pagatio) n(n) h(de-) 1859 5574
y(5) p dyy eop end
%%Page: 6 6
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540 @lly 340 @urx 765 @ury 2326 @rwi @setspecial
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%%EndDocument
@endspecial Fq -83 1590 a(Figure) 25 b(3.) h(Example) g(of) f
(GridFTP-APT) f(operation) -83 1689 y(when) 42 b(sear) n(c) q(hing) g
(f) n(or) h(the) f(optimal) g(n) o(umber) g(of) -83 1789
y(TCP) 23 b(connections) -167 2967 y @beginspecial 0
@llx 594 @lly 494 @urx 822 @ury 2326 @rwi @setspecial
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%%Trailer
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%%EndDocument
@endspecial -54 3150 a(Figure) f(4.) i(Netw) n(ork) f(model) f(used) h
(in) g(sim) n(ulation) p Fr -182 3516 a(lay) g(of) g(the) g(bottleneck)
f(link) h(in) h(Fig.) f(4.) 35 b(In) 23 b(this) h(netw) o(ork) e
(model,) -182 3615 y(a) 33 b(GridFTP) g(serv) o(er) f(and) g(client) h
(are) g(conn) n(ected) g(via) g(tw) o(o) g(RED) -182
3715 y(rou) n(ters.) 25 b(Data) 19 b(transfer) f(w) o(as) i(contin) n
(uously) e(perfo) n(rmed) g(from) g(the) -182 3815 y(GridFTP) k(client)
h(to) f(the) h(GridFTP) f(serv) o(er) -5 b(.) 32 b(Moreo) m(v) o(er) m
(,) 22 b(for) g(clari-) -182 3914 y(fyin) n(g) i(the) f(fun) n
(damental) f(character) n(istics) j(of) e(GridFTP-) n(APT) -6
b(,) 24 b(we) -182 4014 y(perf) n(ormed) 18 b(simulation) g(in) i(an) f
(en) m(v) n(ironmen) n(t) h(where) e(backgr) n(ound) -182
4114 y(traf) n(\002c) k(does) g(not) g(e) o(xist.) 32
b(Note) 23 b(that) f(ns-2) g(simulator) g([3]) g(with) h(our) -182
4213 y(GridFTP-) n(APT) e(implemen) n(tation) f(w) o(as) h(used) f(for)
g(simulation) n(.) -83 4321 y(T) -7 b(able) 19 b(1) h(sho) n(ws) f(the)
g(param) n(eter) h(con) n(\002guration) e(used) h(in) g(simu-) -182
4420 y(lation.) 27 b(Unless) 22 b(e) o(xplicitly) e(stated,) h
(parameter) n(s) h(sho) n(wn) f(in) g(T) -7 b(ab) m(.) 21
b(1) -182 4520 y(are) f(used) g(in) g(the) g(follo) n(win) n(g) h
(simulation) n(s.) -83 4628 y(The) c(e) n(v) n(olu) n(tion) g(of) f
(the) h(numb) n(er) g(of) g(parallel) f(TCP) i(conn) n(ections) -182
4727 y(of) j(GridFTP-A) n(PT) h(when) f(the) g(propa) n(gation) f
(delay) h(of) g(the) h(bottle-) -182 4827 y(neck) i(link) g(is) i(10) e
([ms]) g(is) i(sho) n(wn) e(in) h(Fig.) g(5.) 38 b(This) 25
b(\002gure) f(sho) n(ws) -182 4926 y(that) k(the) g(numb) n(er) h(of) e
(parallel) h(TCP) h(conne) n(ctions) g(of) e(GridFTP-) -182
5026 y(APT) i(con) m(v) m(er) o(ge) n(s) i(to) p Fo 29
w(N) p Fl 49 w(=) 39 b(13) p Fr 29 w(at) 30 b(app) n(roximately) p
Fo 28 w(t) p Fl 40 w(=) 39 b(15) p Fr 29 w([s].) -182
5126 y(In) 27 b(this) i(case,) h(the) e(brack) m(et) h(w) o(as) f
(determin) n(ed) g(at) h(appr) n(oximately) p Fo -182
5225 a(t) p Fl 25 w(=) d(10) p Fr 21 w([s].) k(After) 21
b(appro) n(ximately) g(5) h([s],) g(the) f(numbe) n(r) h(of) g(paral-)
-182 5325 y(lel) e(TCP) h(connectio) n(ns) g(w) o(as) g(optimiz) n(ed.)
p Fq 2073 177 a(T) -7 b(ab) o(le) 21 b(1.) f(P) n(arameter) g
(con\002guration) e(used) i(in) f(sim-) 2073 276 y(ulation) p
1974 462 2188 4 v Fg 2024 526 a(Bottleneck) g(link) g(bandwidth) 840
b(100) 101 b([Mbit/s]) 2024 618 y(Propagation) 19 b(delay) h(of) f(the)
g(bottleneck) g(link) 298 b(10) 20 b(or) f(20) 100 b([ms]) 2024
709 y(Buf) n(fer) 18 b(size) h(of) g(RED) f(router) 858
b(100) 101 b([pack) o(et]) 2024 800 y(Control) 19 b(parameter) g(of) g
(RED) f(router) p Ff 19 w(max) p Fe 3187 809 a(th) p
Fg 3693 800 a(75) 2024 892 y(Control) h(parameter) g(of) g(RED) f
(router) p Ff 19 w(min) p Fe 3174 901 a(th) p Fg 3693
892 a(25) 2024 983 y(Control) h(parameter) g(of) g(RED) f(router) p
Ff 19 w(max) p Fe 3187 991 a(p) p Fg 3674 983 a(0.1) 2024
1074 y(Control) h(parameter) g(of) g(RED) f(router) p
Ff 19 w(w) p Fe 3089 1082 a(q) p Fg 3599 1074 a(0.002) 2024
1166 y(TCP) f(sock) o(e) r(t) h(b) o(uf) n(fer) h(size) 991
b(64) 100 b([Kbyte]) 2024 1257 y(TCP) 17 b(pack) o(e) r(t) h(size) 1110
b(1000) 101 b([byte]) 2024 1348 y(Initial) 18 b(number) i(of) f
(parallel) f(TCP) g(conne) r(ctions) p Ff 19 w(N) p Fd
3384 1356 a(0) p Fg 3730 1348 a(4) 2024 1440 y(GridFTP) n(-APT) g
(control) h(parameter) p Ff 20 w(\013) p Fg 659 w(2) 2024
1531 y(T) -6 b(ar) o(get) 18 b(v) n(alue) i(of) f(chunk) h(transfer) f
(time) p Fc 18 w(\001) p Fg 521 w(1.0) 100 b([s]) 1989
3112 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury
2326 @rwi @setspecial
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@endspecial Fq 2073 3294 a(Figure) 27 b(5.) g(The) g(n) o(umber) f(of) g
(TCP) h(connections) f(in) 2073 3394 y(GridFTP-APT) d(f) n(or) p
Fo 23 w(\034) p Fl 33 w(=) f(10) p Fq 22 w([ms]) p Fr
2073 3831 a(The) 36 b(GridFTP-APT) g(goo) n(dput) g(in) g(this) g
(scenario) g(is) h(sho) n(wn) 1974 3930 y(in) i(Fig.) g(6.) 82
b(F) o(or) 39 b(compa) n(rison) g(purp) n(oses,) 45 b(GridFTP) 38
b(good) n(put) 1974 4030 y(in) f(steady) g(state) h(when) f(\002xing) g
(the) g(numb) n(er) g(of) g(parallel) g(TCP) 1974 4129
y(conn) n(ections) 42 b(at) g(1,) 47 b(4,) g(8,) h(16,) e(and) c(32) f
(are) h(also) g(plotted) f(in) 1974 4229 y(the) c(\002gure.) 75
b(First,) 42 b(one) 36 b(can) h(\002nd) g(that) g(the) h(optim) n(al) g
(numb) n(er) 1974 4329 y(of) h(parallel) g(TCP) h(conn) n(ections) f
(seems) h(to) g(e) o(xist) f(between) g(8\226) 1974 4428
y(16) 34 b(from) g(the) h(GridFTP) g(goo) n(dput) f(with) h(the) g
(\002x) o(ed) f(numbe) n(r) h(of) 1974 4528 y(parallel) i(TCP) h(conn) n
(ections.) 76 b(GridFTP-APT) 36 b(reaches) h(goo) n(d-) 1974
4628 y(put) g(of) h(appr) n(oximately) f(80) g([Mbit/s]) h(at) g(appro)
n(ximately) p Fo 37 w(t) p Fl 56 w(=) 1974 4727 y(10) p
Fr 33 w([s].) 64 b(After) 32 b(approx) n(imately) h(5) g([s],) j(the) e
(GridFTP) e(good) n(put) 1974 4827 y(con) m(v) m(er) o(g) n(es) 24
b(to) g(85.3) e([Mbit/s].) 35 b(Note) 23 b(that,) h(since) g(the) f(b) n
(uf) n(fer) g(size) 1974 4926 y(of) j(RED) h(rou) n(ters) g(is) g
(small) g(\(i.e.,) g(100) f([pack) m(et]\)) h(in) f(our) g(simula-) 1974
5026 y(tions,) 16 b(the) g(max) n(imum) f(good) n(put) g(w) o(as) i
(appr) n(oximately) d(85) h([Mbit/s]) 1974 5126 y(e) n(v) o(en) 39
b(with) h(the) h(optim) n(al) g(numb) n(er) f(of) g(parallel) g(TCP) h
(conn) n(ec-) 1974 5225 y(tions.) 30 b(Namely) -5 b(,) 21
b(this) i(indica) n(tes) g(that) f(GridFTP-APT) f(can) h(utilize) 1974
5325 y(the) 27 b(netw) o(ork) f(resource) g(quite) h(ef) n(fecti) n(v) o
(e) n(ly) h(after) f(appro) n(ximately) 1859 5574 y(6) p
dyy eop end
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@endspecial Fq -83 1540 a(Figure) 39 b(6.) f(Ev) n(olution) g(of) g
(goodp) n(ut) g(in) h(GridFTP-) -83 1639 y(APT) 23 b(f) n(or) p
Fo 23 w(\034) p Fl 33 w(=) g(10) p Fq 22 w([ms]) p Fr
-182 2074 a(15) c([s]) i(from) e(starting) h(the) g(transfer) -7
b(.) -83 2175 y(Ev) n(olution) n(s) 32 b(of) e(the) h(numb) n(er) g(of)
g(parallel) f(TCP) i(conn) n(ections) -182 2275 y(and) e(the) h
(GridFTP) g(good) n(put) g(when) g(the) g(pro) n(pagatio) n(n) h(delay)
e(of) -182 2374 y(the) d(bottlen) n(eck) h(link) e(is) j(20) d([ms]) h
(are) h(sho) n(wn) e(in) h(Figs.) h(7) f(and) g(8,) -182
2474 y(respecti) n(v) m(ely) -5 b(.) -83 2575 y(Figure) 20
b(7) h(sho) n(ws) g(that) g(the) g(numb) n(er) g(of) g(para) n(llel) h
(TCP) g(con) n(nec-) -182 2674 y(tions) 33 b(con) m(v) m(er) o(g) n(es)
i(at) f(appr) n(oximately) p Fo 32 w(t) p Fl 48 w(=) 47
b(25) p Fr 33 w([s].) 65 b(Since) 34 b(the) -182 2774
y(pro) n(pagatio) n(n) 28 b(delay) f(of) h(the) g(bottlen) n(eck) g
(link) f(is) i(lar) o(ger) e(than) g(the) -182 2874 y(pre) n(v) n(ious)
k(case) g(\(Fig.) f(7\),) j(the) e(con) m(v) m(er) o(g) n(ence) g(time)
g(of) f(the) h(num-) -182 2973 y(ber) c(of) g(parallel) g(TCP) h(conn) n
(ections) g(beco) n(mes) g(lar) o(ger) -7 b(.) 48 b(One) 27
b(can) -182 3073 y(\002nd) 19 b(that) h(the) g(optimal) f(numb) n(er) h
(of) g(parallel) f(TCP) i(conn) n(ections) f(is) p Fo
-182 3173 a(N) p Fl 48 w(=) 39 b(25) p Fr(,) 31 b(which) e(is) h
(signi\002cantly) e(dif) n(feren) n(t) i(from) e(that) i(in) f(the) -182
3272 y(pre) n(v) n(ious) 20 b(case) h(\() p Fo(N) p Fl
31 w(=) i(13) p Fr(\).) -83 3373 y(Figure) c(8) g(sho) n(ws) h(that) f
(the) g(GridFTP-APT) g(can) g(realize) g(a) h(high) -182
3473 y(goo) n(dput) 26 b(by) h(appro) n(priately) f(adjusting) g(the) h
(numb) n(er) h(of) e(parallel) -182 3573 y(TCP) g(con) n(nections.) 39
b(Figure) 25 b(8) g(sho) n(ws) g(that) h(the) f(GridFTP) g(goo) n(d-)
-182 3672 y(put) 36 b(de) o(g) n(rades) h(tempo) n(rarily) f(until) g
(GridFTP-APT) g(determin) n(es) -182 3772 y(the) 20 b(brack) m(et.) 26
b(Ho) n(we) n(v) m(er) m(,) 20 b(Fig.) g(8) g(also) g(sho) n(ws) g
(that) h(GridFTP-A) n(PT) -182 3871 y(\002nally) 29 b(achie) n(v) o(e) n
(s) i(high) e(goo) n(dput) g(by) h(adjusting) e(the) i(numb) n(er) g
(of) -182 3971 y(para) n(llel) 19 b(TCP) g(connectio) n(ns) g(durin) n
(g) f(chunk) f(transfers.) 24 b(Note) 18 b(that,) -182
4071 y(in) 25 b(this) i(simulation) n(,) h(due) d(to) h(small) g(b) n
(uf) n(f) n(er) g(of) f(RED) i(rou) n(ters) f(and) -182
4170 y(a) 35 b(lar) o(g) n(e) g(prop) n(agation) e(delay) -5
b(,) 37 b(the) e(maxim) n(um) f(GridFTP) h(goo) n(d-) -182
4270 y(put) 21 b(w) o(as) i(appro) n(ximately) f(67.) n(5) g([Mbit/s]) g
(e) n(v) o(en) f(with) i(the) f(optim) n(al) -182 4370
y(num) n(ber) 17 b(of) h(para) n(llel) h(TCP) f(conn) n(ections.) 24
b(Namely) -5 b(,) 17 b(this) h(indicates) -182 4469 y(that) 31
b(GridFTP-APT) f(can) h(utilize) g(the) h(netw) o(or) n(k) f(resource) f
(quite) -182 4569 y(ef) n(fec) n(ti) n(v) o(ely) 18 b(re) o(ga) n
(rdless) h(of) f(the) g(prop) n(agation) f(delay) g(of) h(the) h
(bottle-) -182 4669 y(neck) g(link.) p Ft -182 4905 a(5) o(.) 25
b(Conclusion) p Fr -83 5126 a(In) 30 b(this) g(paper) -5
b(,) 32 b(we) e(ha) n(v) o(e) g(pro) n(posed) f(GridFTP-APT) -6
b(,) 29 b(an) g(au-) -182 5225 y(tomatic) 20 b(parallelism) g(tunin) n
(g) h(mechan) n(ism) g(for) f(GridFTP) -9 b(,) 20 b(mainly) -182
5325 y(focu) n(sing) 27 b(on) g(the) h(parallel) f(data) g(transfer) f
(feature) h(for) g(GridFTP) -9 b(.) 1989 1357 y @beginspecial
50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2326 @rwi @setspecial
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@endspecial Fq 2073 1540 a(Figure) 27 b(7.) g(The) g(n) o(umber) f(of) g
(TCP) h(connections) f(in) 2073 1639 y(GridFTP-APT) d(f) n(or) p
Fo 23 w(\034) p Fl 33 w(=) f(20) p Fq 22 w([ms]) p Fr
1974 2082 a(GridFTP-APT) 29 b(utilizes) g(the) h(f) o(act) f(that) h
(GridFTP) f(good) n(put) g(is) i(a) 1974 2182 y(con) m(v) m(e) o(x) i
(func) n(tion) h(for) f(the) g(numb) n(er) h(of) f(parallel) g(TCP) i
(conn) n(ec-) 1974 2281 y(tions.) 58 b(GridFTP-APT) 31
b(searches) g(for) g(the) g(optimal) g(num) n(ber) g(of) 1974
2381 y(parallel) 37 b(TCP) i(conn) n(ections) f(using) g(the) f(GSS) i
(algorith) n(m,) k(one) 1974 2481 y(of) 34 b(num) n(erical) g(comp) n
(utation) g(algor) n(ithms) g(for) g(a) g(maximiza) n(tion) 1974
2580 y(prob) n(lem.) 40 b(In) 25 b(this) h(pap) n(er) m(,) g(we) g(ha) n
(v) o(e) e(sho) n(wn) h(that) g(GridFTP) g(with) 1974
2680 y(GridFTP-APT) g(realizes) g(high) g(thro) n(ughp) n(ut) h(in) g
(se) n(v) o(er) n(al) g(netw) o(ork) 1974 2779 y(en) m(v) n(ironmen) n
(ts.) 2073 2885 y(As) 20 b(futu) n(re) f(w) o(ork,) f(we) g(are) h
(plan) n(ning) f(to) g(do) g(perfor) n(mance) g(e) n(v) n(al-) 1974
2984 y(uation) 25 b(of) g(GridFTP-APT) g(in) h(more) f(gen) n(eral) h
(netw) o(ork) f(en) m(v) n(iron-) 1974 3084 y(ments.) 61
b(In) 31 b(particular) m(,) j(we) e(need) g(perf) n(ormanc) n(e) h(e) n
(v) n(aluatio) n(n) f(of) 1974 3183 y(GridFTP-APT) 23
b(in) g(a) h(netw) o(ork) f(with) g(backg) n(round) f(traf) n(\002c) h
(and/or) 1974 3283 y(multiple) 33 b(GridFTP-APT) h(sessions.) 68
b(Moreo) m(v) o(er) m(,) 37 b(it) e(w) o(ould) e(be) 1974
3383 y(v) n(aluab) n(le) 27 b(to) g(implemen) n(t) g(our) f(propo) n
(sed) h(GridFTP-APT) f(and) g(to) 1974 3482 y(demo) n(nstrate) 20
b(its) i(ef) n(fec) n(ti) n(v) o(eness) e(in) h(a) f(real) h(netw) o
(or) n(k.) p Ft 1974 3732 a(Ackno) o(wledgments) p Fr
2073 3964 a(W) -7 b(e) 47 b(w) o(ould) e(lik) o(e) h(to) f(e) o(xpre) n
(ss) i(our) e(appr) n(eciation) g(to) h(Prof.) 1974 4064
y(Masayuk) n(i) 23 b(Murata) e(for) h(joining) f(meanin) n(gful) h
(discussions.) 30 b(This) 1974 4164 y(w) o(ork) 18 b(is) h(suppo) n
(rted) f(by) g(the) g(N) m(AREGI) h(\(Nation) n(al) g(Research) f(Grid)
1974 4263 y(Initiati) n(v) o(e) n(\)) 23 b(Project) g(from) f(the) g
(Ministry) h(of) f(Educatio) n(n,) i(Culture,) 1974 4363
y(Sports,) j(Science) f(and) g(T) -6 b(echno) n(logy) h(,) 27
b(Japan.) 42 b(This) 27 b(w) o(ork) f(is) h(also) 1974
4462 y(suppo) n(rted) 20 b(by) g(a) g(Grant-in-) n(Aid) g(for) g
(Scienti\002c) g(Research) g(on) g(Pri-) 1974 4562 y(ority) 15
b(Areas) i(\(No.) e(1601) n(6261) n(\)) i(fro) n(m) g(the) f(Ministry) f
(of) h(Educatio) n(n,) 1974 4662 y(Culture,) j(Sports,) h(Science) g
(and) g(T) -6 b(echn) n(ology) h(,) 19 b(Japan.) p Ft
1974 4911 a(Refer) n(enc) r(es) p Fg 2025 5135 a([1]) 42
b(Global) 19 b(Grid) f(F) o(orum.) p Fb 27 w(http://www) n(.ggf.org/) p
Fg(.) 2025 5234 y([2]) 42 b(Glob) o(us) e(T) -6 b(oolkit.) 95
b(a) o(v) n(ailable) 40 b(at) p Fb 40 w(http://) n(www.globus.) 2154
5325 y(org/) p Fg(.) p Fr 1859 5574 a(7) p dyy eop end
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%%Trailer
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Fl 33 w(=) 23 b(20) p Fq 22 w([ms]) p Fg -131 2080 a([3]) 41
b(The) 23 b(netw) o(ork) g(simulator) g(\226) g(ns2.) 39
b(a) o(v) n(ailable) 23 b(at) p Fb 22 w(http://www.) -3
2172 y(isi.edu/nsna) n(m/ns/) p Fg(.) -131 2268 y([4]) 41
b(W) -7 b(.) 50 b(Allcock) h(et) g(al.) 128 b(GridFTP:) 49
b(Protocol) h(e) o(xtension) r(s) g(to) -3 2360 y(FTP) e(for) h(the) g
(Grid.) p Fa 124 w(GGF) f(Document) i(Series) g(GFD.20) p
Fg(,) -3 2451 y(Apr) l(.) 28 b(2003) r(.) 56 b(Also) 28
b(a) o(v) n(ailable) g(as) p Fb 29 w(http://) n(www.ggf.org/) -3
2542 y(documents/GF) n(D.20.pdf) p Fg(.) -131 2639 y([5]) 41
b(N.) 24 b(Ehsan) h(and) h(M.) e(Liu.) 45 b(Analysis) 25
b(of) f(TCP) g(transient) g(beha) o(vior) -3 2730 y(and) 17
b(its) f(ef) n(fect) g(on) g(\002le) f(transfer) h(latenc) o(y) -5
b(.) 22 b(In) p Fa 16 w(Pr) m(oceedings) 17 b(of) f(IEEE) -3
2822 y(Internation) r(al) 32 b(Confer) m(enc) r(e) g(on) h
(Communication) r(s) f(\(ICC2003\)) p Fg(,) -3 2913 y(v) o(olume) 20
b(26,) f(pages) h(1806\2261) r(811,) f(May) h(2003.) -131
3010 y([6]) 41 b(R.) 24 b(Elz) f(and) i(P) -8 b(.) 23
b(Hethmon.) 44 b(FTP) 22 b(security) i(e) o(xtension) r(s.) p
Fa 43 w(Request) -3 3101 y(for) 19 b(Comments) g(\(RFC\)) f(2228) p
Fg(,) i(Oct.) e(1997) r(.) -131 3198 y([7]) 41 b(T) -6
b(.) 27 b(J.) g(Hack) o(er) m(,) i(B.) d(D.) h(Athe) o(y) -5
b(,) 29 b(and) e(B.) g(Noble.) 53 b(The) 27 b(end-to-end) -3
3289 y(performan) r(ce) 16 b(ef) n(fects) f(of) h(parallel) g(TCP) e
(sock) o(e) r(ts) h(on) h(a) g(lossy) g(wide-) -3 3380
y(area) j(netw) o(ork.) 25 b(In) p Fa 19 w(Pr) m(oceedings) 18
b(of) g(the) h(16th) f(IEEE-CS/A) n(C) n(M) g(In-) -3
3472 y(ternationa) r(l) h(P) -6 b(ar) o(allel) 20 b(and) h(Distrib) o
(uted) f(Pr) m(ocessing) g(Symposium) -3 3563 y(\(IPDPS\)) p
Fg(,) e(pages) i(434\2264) r(43,) f(Apr) l(.) f(2002) r(.) -131
3660 y([8]) 41 b(P) -8 b(.) 32 b(Hethmon) h(and) g(R.) f(Elz.) 70
b(Feature) 33 b(ne) o(gotiation) g(mechanism) -3 3751
y(for) 22 b(the) g(\002le) g(transfer) g(protocol.) p
Fa 37 w(Request) g(for) g(Comments) g(\(RFC\)) -3 3842
y(238) r(9) p Fg(,) c(Aug.) h(1998) r(.) -131 3939 y([9]) 41
b(T) -6 b(.) 15 b(Ito,) g(H.) g(Ohsaki,) h(and) f(M.) g(Imase.) k(On) c
(parameter) g(tuning) h(of) f(data) -3 4030 y(transfer) 21
b(protocol) h(GridFTP) d(in) i(wide-area) g(Grid) f(computing) r(.) 32
b(In) p Fa -3 4122 a(Pr) m(oceeding) r(s) 16 b(of) g(Secon) r(d) g
(Internationa) r(l) g(W) -7 b(orksho) r(p) 16 b(on) h(Networks) -3
4213 y(for) g(Grid) f(Applications) h(\(GridNets) f(2005\)) p
Fg(,) i(pages) f(415\2264) r(21,) g(Oct.) -3 4304 y(200) r(5.) -169
4401 y([10]) 42 b(T) -6 b(.) 20 b(Ito,) g(H.) f(Ohsaki,) h(and) h(M.) f
(Imase.) 30 b(Automatic) 20 b(parameter) h(con-) -3 4492
y(\002guration) d(mechanism) g(for) e(data) i(transfer) e(protoco) r(l)
g(GridFTP.) 21 b(In) p Fa -3 4584 a(Pr) m(oceeding) r(s) c(of) h(the) g
(2006) h(Internationa) r(l) e(Symposiu) r(m) g(on) i(Appli-) -3
4675 y(cations) 29 b(and) f(the) f(Internet) h(\(SAINT) f(2006\)) p
Fg(,) j(pages) e(32\2263) r(8,) h(Jan.) -3 4766 y(200) r(6.) -169
4863 y([11]) 42 b(I.) 21 b(Mand) r(richenk) o(o,) i(W) -7
b(.) 21 b(Allcock,) h(and) g(T) -6 b(.) 21 b(Perelmuto) o(v) -5
b(.) 36 b(GridFTP) -3 4954 y(v2) 30 b(protocol) g(description.) p
Fa 61 w(GGF) f(Document) h(Series) g(GFD.47) p Fg(,) -3
5046 y(May) e(200) r(5.) 53 b(Also) 28 b(a) o(v) n(ailable) f(as) p
Fb 28 w(http://) n(www.ggf.org/) -3 5137 y(documents/GF) n(D.47.pdf) p
Fg(.) -169 5234 y([12]) 42 b(J.) 21 b(Postel) f(and) h(J.) f(Re) o
(ynold) r(s.) 32 b(File) 20 b(transfer) g(protoco) r(l) g(\(FTP) n(\).)
p Fa 33 w(Re-) -3 5325 y(quest) g(for) f(Comments) g(\(RFC\)) e(959) p
Fg 2 w(,) h(Oct.) g(1985) r(.) 1988 83 y([13]) 42 b(W) -7
b(.) 18 b(H.) h(Press,) f(B.) h(P) -8 b(.) 18 b(Flannery) -5
b(,) 20 b(S.) e(A.) h(T) -5 b(euk) o(olsk) o(y) g(,) 20
b(and) g(W) -7 b(.) 18 b(T) -6 b(.) 19 b(V) -8 b(et-) 2154
174 y(terling.) p Fa 30 w(Numerical) 20 b(Recipes) g(in) g(C:) g(The) g
(Art) f(of) h(Scienti\002c) h(Com-) 2154 266 y(puting) p
Fg(.) 27 b(Cambridge) 20 b(Uni) n(v) o(ersity) f(Press,) f(1992) r(.)
1988 353 y([14]) 42 b(L.) 20 b(Qiu,) i(Y) -10 b(.) 21
b(Zhang,) i(and) f(S.) e(K) n(esha) o(v) -5 b(.) 36 b(On) 21
b(indi) n(vidua) r(l) g(and) h(aggre-) 2154 444 y(gate) e(TCP) f
(performanc) r(e.) 31 b(In) p Fa 20 w(Pr) m(oceeding) r(s) 20
b(of) g(Internetl) h(Confer) o(-) 2154 535 y(ence) e(on) h(Network) f
(Pr) m(otocols) p Fg(,) f(pages) i(203\2262) r(12,) f(Oct.) f(1999) r
(.) 1988 623 y([15]) 42 b(The) 24 b(Glob) o(us) h(Project.) 45
b(GridFTP) 24 b(update) h(Janua) r(ry) f(2002) r(,) h(200) r(2.) 2154
714 y(a) o(v) n(ailable) 39 b(at) p Fb 40 w(http://w) n(ww.globus.or) n
(g/datagrid/) 2154 805 y(deliver) n(ables/GridFT) n(P-) t(Overview-) t
(200) n(201.) 2154 897 y(pdf) p Fg(.) 1988 984 y([16]) j(The) 50
b(Glob) o(us) g(Project.) 126 b(GridFTP:) 48 b(uni) n(v) o(ersal) j
(data) f(trans-) 2154 1075 y(fer) c(for) g(the) h(Grid.) p
Fa 115 w(White) g(P) -6 b(aper) p Fg(,) 53 b(Sept.) 46
b(2003) r(.) 115 b(a) o(v) n(ail-) 2154 1166 y(able) c(at) p
Fb 110 w(http://w) n(ww.globus.or) n(g/datagrid/) 2154
1258 y(deliver) n(ables/C2WPdr) n(aft3.pdf) p Fg(.) 1988
1345 y([17]) 42 b(S.) 22 b(Thulasidasan,) i(W) -7 b(.) 22
b(Feng,) i(and) f(M.) g(K.) f(Gardner) l(.) 40 b(Optimizing) 2154
1436 y(GridFTP) 24 b(through) k(dynamic) f(right-sizing.) 50
b(In) p Fa 26 w(Pr) m(oceedings) 27 b(of) 2154 1528 y(IEEE) d
(Internation) r(al) i(Symposium) h(on) g(High) f(P) -6
b(erformance) 27 b(Dis-) 2154 1619 y(trib) o(uted) 18
b(Computing) p Fg 2 w(,) g(pages) i(14\22623) r(,) e(June) i(2003.) p
Fr 1859 5574 a(8) p dyy eop end
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