%!PS-Adobe-2.0
%%Creator: dvips(k) 5.94a p1.6 Copyright 2003 ASCII Corp.(www-ptex@ascii.co.jp)
%%+ based on dvips(k) 5.94a Copyright 2003 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
%%Title: paper.dvi
%%CreationDate: Sat Mar 18 12:57:14 2006
%%Pages: 14
%%PageOrder: Ascend
%%BoundingBox: 0 0 596 842
%%DocumentFonts: Times-Bold Times-Roman CMSY10 Times-Italic CMMI10
%%+ Symbol Helvetica-Oblique Helvetica CMR10 CMMI8 CMMI7 CMEX10 CMR8
%%+ CMSY8 CMR7 CMMI5 CMSY6 CMMI6 CMBX10 Courier
%%EndComments
%DVIPSWebPage: (www.radicaleye.com)
%DVIPSCommandLine: dvips paper.dvi
%DVIPSParameters: dpi=600, compressed
%DVIPSSource:  TeX output 2006.03.18:1257
%%BeginProcSet: texc.pro 0 0
%!
/TeXDict 300 dict def TeXDict begin/N{def}def/B{bind def}N/S{exch}N/X{S
N}B/A{dup}B/TR{translate}N/isls false N/vsize 11 72 mul N/hsize 8.5 72
mul N/landplus90{false}def/@rigin{isls{[0 landplus90{1 -1}{-1 1}ifelse 0
0 0]concat}if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale isls{
landplus90{VResolution 72 div vsize mul 0 exch}{Resolution -72 div hsize
mul 0}ifelse TR}if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul TR[
matrix currentmatrix{A A round sub abs 0.00001 lt{round}if}forall round
exch round exch]setmatrix}N/@landscape{/isls true N}B/@manualfeed{
statusdict/manualfeed true put}B/@copies{/#copies X}B/FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]
N/FBB[0 0 0 0]N/nn 0 N/IEn 0 N/ctr 0 N/df-tail{/nn 8 dict N nn begin
/FontType 3 N/FontMatrix fntrx N/FontBBox FBB N string/base X array
/BitMaps X/BuildChar{CharBuilder}N/Encoding IEn N end A{/foo setfont}2
array copy cvx N load 0 nn put/ctr 0 N[}B/sf 0 N/df{/sf 1 N/fntrx FMat N
df-tail}B/dfs{div/sf X/fntrx[sf 0 0 sf neg 0 0]N df-tail}B/E{pop nn A
definefont setfont}B/Cw{Cd A length 5 sub get}B/Ch{Cd A length 4 sub get
}B/Cx{128 Cd A length 3 sub get sub}B/Cy{Cd A length 2 sub get 127 sub}
B/Cdx{Cd A length 1 sub get}B/Ci{Cd A type/stringtype ne{ctr get/ctr ctr
1 add N}if}B/id 0 N/rw 0 N/rc 0 N/gp 0 N/cp 0 N/G 0 N/CharBuilder{save 3
1 roll S A/base get 2 index get S/BitMaps get S get/Cd X pop/ctr 0 N Cdx
0 Cx Cy Ch sub Cx Cw add Cy setcachedevice Cw Ch true[1 0 0 -1 -.1 Cx
sub Cy .1 sub]/id Ci N/rw Cw 7 add 8 idiv string N/rc 0 N/gp 0 N/cp 0 N{
rc 0 ne{rc 1 sub/rc X rw}{G}ifelse}imagemask restore}B/G{{id gp get/gp
gp 1 add N A 18 mod S 18 idiv pl S get exec}loop}B/adv{cp add/cp X}B
/chg{rw cp id gp 4 index getinterval putinterval A gp add/gp X adv}B/nd{
/cp 0 N rw exit}B/lsh{rw cp 2 copy get A 0 eq{pop 1}{A 255 eq{pop 254}{
A A add 255 and S 1 and or}ifelse}ifelse put 1 adv}B/rsh{rw cp 2 copy
get A 0 eq{pop 128}{A 255 eq{pop 127}{A 2 idiv S 128 and or}ifelse}
ifelse put 1 adv}B/clr{rw cp 2 index string putinterval adv}B/set{rw cp
fillstr 0 4 index getinterval putinterval adv}B/fillstr 18 string 0 1 17
{2 copy 255 put pop}for N/pl[{adv 1 chg}{adv 1 chg nd}{1 add chg}{1 add
chg nd}{adv lsh}{adv lsh nd}{adv rsh}{adv rsh nd}{1 add adv}{/rc X nd}{
1 add set}{1 add clr}{adv 2 chg}{adv 2 chg nd}{pop nd}]A{bind pop}
forall N/D{/cc X A type/stringtype ne{]}if nn/base get cc ctr put nn
/BitMaps get S ctr S sf 1 ne{A A length 1 sub A 2 index S get sf div put
}if put/ctr ctr 1 add N}B/I{cc 1 add D}B/bop{userdict/bop-hook known{
bop-hook}if/SI save N @rigin 0 0 moveto/V matrix currentmatrix A 1 get A
mul exch 0 get A mul add .99 lt{/QV}{/RV}ifelse load def pop pop}N/eop{
SI restore userdict/eop-hook known{eop-hook}if showpage}N/@start{
userdict/start-hook known{start-hook}if pop/VResolution X/Resolution X
1000 div/DVImag X/IEn 256 array N 2 string 0 1 255{IEn S A 360 add 36 4
index cvrs cvn put}for pop 65781.76 div/vsize X 65781.76 div/hsize X}N
/dir 0 def/dyy{/dir 0 def}B/dyt{/dir 1 def}B/dty{/dir 2 def}B/dtt{/dir 3
def}B/p{dir 2 eq{-90 rotate show 90 rotate}{dir 3 eq{-90 rotate show 90
rotate}{show}ifelse}ifelse}N/RMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N/BDot 260 string N/Rx 0
N/Ry 0 N/V{}B/RV/v{/Ry X/Rx X V}B statusdict begin/product where{pop
false[(Display)(NeXT)(LaserWriter 16/600)]{A length product length le{A
length product exch 0 exch getinterval eq{pop true exit}if}{pop}ifelse}
forall}{false}ifelse end{{gsave TR -.1 .1 TR 1 1 scale Rx Ry false RMat{
BDot}imagemask grestore}}{{gsave TR -.1 .1 TR Rx Ry scale 1 1 false RMat
{BDot}imagemask grestore}}ifelse B/QV{gsave newpath transform round exch
round exch itransform moveto Rx 0 rlineto 0 Ry neg rlineto Rx neg 0
rlineto fill grestore}B/a{moveto}B/delta 0 N/tail{A/delta X 0 rmoveto}B
/M{S p delta add tail}B/b{S p tail}B/c{-4 M}B/d{-3 M}B/e{-2 M}B/f{-1 M}
B/g{0 M}B/h{1 M}B/i{2 M}B/j{3 M}B/k{4 M}B/w{0 rmoveto}B/l{p -4 w}B/m{p
-3 w}B/n{p -2 w}B/o{p -1 w}B/q{p 1 w}B/r{p 2 w}B/s{p 3 w}B/t{p 4 w}B/x{
0 S rmoveto}B/y{3 2 roll p a}B/bos{/SS save N}B/eos{SS restore}B end

%%EndProcSet
%%BeginProcSet: 8r.enc 0 0
% File  8r.enc as of 2002-03-12 for PSNFSS 9
%
% This is the encoding vector for Type1 and TrueType fonts to be used
% with TeX.  This file is part of the PSNFSS bundle, version 9
% 
% Authors: S. Rahtz, P. MacKay, Alan Jeffrey, B. Horn, K. Berry, W. Schmidt
%
% Idea is to have all the characters normally included in Type 1 fonts
% available for typesetting. This is effectively the characters in Adobe
% Standard Encoding + ISO Latin 1 + extra characters from Lucida + Euro.
% 
% Character code assignments were made as follows:
% 
% (1) the Windows ANSI characters are almost all in their Windows ANSI
% positions, because some Windows users cannot easily reencode the
% fonts, and it makes no difference on other systems. The only Windows
% ANSI characters not available are those that make no sense for
% typesetting -- rubout (127 decimal), nobreakspace (160), softhyphen
% (173). quotesingle and grave are moved just because it's such an
% irritation not having them in TeX positions.
% 
% (2) Remaining characters are assigned arbitrarily to the lower part
% of the range, avoiding 0, 10 and 13 in case we meet dumb software.
% 
% (3) Y&Y Lucida Bright includes some extra text characters; in the
% hopes that other PostScript fonts, perhaps created for public
% consumption, will include them, they are included starting at 0x12.
% 
% (4) Remaining positions left undefined are for use in (hopefully)
% upward-compatible revisions, if someday more characters are generally
% available.
% 
% (5) hyphen appears twice for compatibility with both ASCII and Windows.
%
% (6) /Euro is assigned to 128, as in Windows ANSI
% 
/TeXBase1Encoding [
% 0x00 (encoded characters from Adobe Standard not in Windows 3.1)
  /.notdef /dotaccent /fi /fl
  /fraction /hungarumlaut /Lslash /lslash
  /ogonek /ring /.notdef
  /breve /minus /.notdef 
% These are the only two remaining unencoded characters, so may as
% well include them.
  /Zcaron /zcaron 
% 0x10
 /caron /dotlessi 
% (unusual TeX characters available in, e.g., Lucida Bright)
 /dotlessj /ff /ffi /ffl 
 /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
 /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
 % very contentious; it's so painful not having quoteleft and quoteright
 % at 96 and 145 that we move the things normally found there down to here.
 /grave /quotesingle 
% 0x20 (ASCII begins)
 /space /exclam /quotedbl /numbersign
 /dollar /percent /ampersand /quoteright
 /parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash
% 0x30
 /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven
 /eight /nine /colon /semicolon /less /equal /greater /question
% 0x40
 /at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G /H /I /J /K /L /M /N /O
% 0x50
 /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W
 /X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash /bracketright /asciicircum /underscore
% 0x60
 /quoteleft /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h /i /j /k /l /m /n /o
% 0x70
 /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w
 /x /y /z /braceleft /bar /braceright /asciitilde
 /.notdef % rubout; ASCII ends
% 0x80
 /Euro /.notdef /quotesinglbase /florin
 /quotedblbase /ellipsis /dagger /daggerdbl
 /circumflex /perthousand /Scaron /guilsinglleft
 /OE /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
% 0x90
 /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /quotedblleft
 /quotedblright /bullet /endash /emdash
 /tilde /trademark /scaron /guilsinglright
 /oe /.notdef /.notdef /Ydieresis
% 0xA0
 /.notdef % nobreakspace
 /exclamdown /cent /sterling
 /currency /yen /brokenbar /section
 /dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine /guillemotleft
 /logicalnot
 /hyphen % Y&Y (also at 45); Windows' softhyphen
 /registered
 /macron
% 0xD0
 /degree /plusminus /twosuperior /threesuperior
 /acute /mu /paragraph /periodcentered
 /cedilla /onesuperior /ordmasculine /guillemotright
 /onequarter /onehalf /threequarters /questiondown
% 0xC0
 /Agrave /Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde /Adieresis /Aring /AE /Ccedilla
 /Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis
 /Igrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis
% 0xD0
 /Eth /Ntilde /Ograve /Oacute
 /Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /multiply
 /Oslash /Ugrave /Uacute /Ucircumflex
 /Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn /germandbls
% 0xE0
 /agrave /aacute /acircumflex /atilde
 /adieresis /aring /ae /ccedilla
 /egrave /eacute /ecircumflex /edieresis
 /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis
% 0xF0
 /eth /ntilde /ograve /oacute
 /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /divide
 /oslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex
 /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis
] def

%%EndProcSet
%%BeginProcSet: texps.pro 0 0
%!
TeXDict begin/rf{findfont dup length 1 add dict begin{1 index/FID ne 2
index/UniqueID ne and{def}{pop pop}ifelse}forall[1 index 0 6 -1 roll
exec 0 exch 5 -1 roll VResolution Resolution div mul neg 0 0]FontType 0
ne{/Metrics exch def dict begin Encoding{exch dup type/integertype ne{
pop pop 1 sub dup 0 le{pop}{[}ifelse}{FontMatrix 0 get div Metrics 0 get
div def}ifelse}forall Metrics/Metrics currentdict end def}{{1 index type
/nametype eq{exit}if exch pop}loop}ifelse[2 index currentdict end
definefont 3 -1 roll makefont/setfont cvx]cvx def}def/ObliqueSlant{dup
sin S cos div neg}B/SlantFont{4 index mul add}def/ExtendFont{3 -1 roll
mul exch}def/ReEncodeFont{CharStrings rcheck{/Encoding false def dup[
exch{dup CharStrings exch known not{pop/.notdef/Encoding true def}if}
forall Encoding{]exch pop}{cleartomark}ifelse}if/Encoding exch def}def
end

%%EndProcSet
%%BeginProcSet: special.pro 0 0
%!
TeXDict begin/SDict 200 dict N SDict begin/@SpecialDefaults{/hs 612 N
/vs 792 N/ho 0 N/vo 0 N/hsc 1 N/vsc 1 N/ang 0 N/CLIP 0 N/rwiSeen false N
/rhiSeen false N/letter{}N/note{}N/a4{}N/legal{}N}B/@scaleunit 100 N
/@hscale{@scaleunit div/hsc X}B/@vscale{@scaleunit div/vsc X}B/@hsize{
/hs X/CLIP 1 N}B/@vsize{/vs X/CLIP 1 N}B/@clip{/CLIP 2 N}B/@hoffset{/ho
X}B/@voffset{/vo X}B/@angle{/ang X}B/@rwi{10 div/rwi X/rwiSeen true N}B
/@rhi{10 div/rhi X/rhiSeen true N}B/@llx{/llx X}B/@lly{/lly X}B/@urx{
/urx X}B/@ury{/ury X}B/magscale true def end/@MacSetUp{userdict/md known
{userdict/md get type/dicttype eq{userdict begin md length 10 add md
maxlength ge{/md md dup length 20 add dict copy def}if end md begin
/letter{}N/note{}N/legal{}N/od{txpose 1 0 mtx defaultmatrix dtransform S
atan/pa X newpath clippath mark{transform{itransform moveto}}{transform{
itransform lineto}}{6 -2 roll transform 6 -2 roll transform 6 -2 roll
transform{itransform 6 2 roll itransform 6 2 roll itransform 6 2 roll
curveto}}{{closepath}}pathforall newpath counttomark array astore/gc xdf
pop ct 39 0 put 10 fz 0 fs 2 F/|______Courier fnt invertflag{PaintBlack}
if}N/txpose{pxs pys scale ppr aload pop por{noflips{pop S neg S TR pop 1
-1 scale}if xflip yflip and{pop S neg S TR 180 rotate 1 -1 scale ppr 3
get ppr 1 get neg sub neg ppr 2 get ppr 0 get neg sub neg TR}if xflip
yflip not and{pop S neg S TR pop 180 rotate ppr 3 get ppr 1 get neg sub
neg 0 TR}if yflip xflip not and{ppr 1 get neg ppr 0 get neg TR}if}{
noflips{TR pop pop 270 rotate 1 -1 scale}if xflip yflip and{TR pop pop
90 rotate 1 -1 scale ppr 3 get ppr 1 get neg sub neg ppr 2 get ppr 0 get
neg sub neg TR}if xflip yflip not and{TR pop pop 90 rotate ppr 3 get ppr
1 get neg sub neg 0 TR}if yflip xflip not and{TR pop pop 270 rotate ppr
2 get ppr 0 get neg sub neg 0 S TR}if}ifelse scaleby96{ppr aload pop 4
-1 roll add 2 div 3 1 roll add 2 div 2 copy TR .96 dup scale neg S neg S
TR}if}N/cp{pop pop showpage pm restore}N end}if}if}N/normalscale{
Resolution 72 div VResolution 72 div neg scale magscale{DVImag dup scale
}if 0 setgray}N/psfts{S 65781.76 div N}N/startTexFig{/psf$SavedState
save N userdict maxlength dict begin/magscale true def normalscale
currentpoint TR/psf$ury psfts/psf$urx psfts/psf$lly psfts/psf$llx psfts
/psf$y psfts/psf$x psfts currentpoint/psf$cy X/psf$cx X/psf$sx psf$x
psf$urx psf$llx sub div N/psf$sy psf$y psf$ury psf$lly sub div N psf$sx
psf$sy scale psf$cx psf$sx div psf$llx sub psf$cy psf$sy div psf$ury sub
TR/showpage{}N/erasepage{}N/setpagedevice{pop}N/copypage{}N/p 3 def
@MacSetUp}N/doclip{psf$llx psf$lly psf$urx psf$ury currentpoint 6 2 roll
newpath 4 copy 4 2 roll moveto 6 -1 roll S lineto S lineto S lineto
closepath clip newpath moveto}N/endTexFig{end psf$SavedState restore}N
/@beginspecial{SDict begin/SpecialSave save N gsave normalscale
currentpoint TR @SpecialDefaults count/ocount X/dcount countdictstack N}
N/@setspecial{CLIP 1 eq{newpath 0 0 moveto hs 0 rlineto 0 vs rlineto hs
neg 0 rlineto closepath clip}if ho vo TR hsc vsc scale ang rotate
rwiSeen{rwi urx llx sub div rhiSeen{rhi ury lly sub div}{dup}ifelse
scale llx neg lly neg TR}{rhiSeen{rhi ury lly sub div dup scale llx neg
lly neg TR}if}ifelse CLIP 2 eq{newpath llx lly moveto urx lly lineto urx
ury lineto llx ury lineto closepath clip}if/showpage{}N/erasepage{}N
/setpagedevice{pop}N/copypage{}N newpath}N/@endspecial{count ocount sub{
pop}repeat countdictstack dcount sub{end}repeat grestore SpecialSave
restore end}N/@defspecial{SDict begin}N/@fedspecial{end}B/li{lineto}B
/rl{rlineto}B/rc{rcurveto}B/np{/SaveX currentpoint/SaveY X N 1
setlinecap newpath}N/st{stroke SaveX SaveY moveto}N/fil{fill SaveX SaveY
moveto}N/ellipse{/endangle X/startangle X/yrad X/xrad X/savematrix
matrix currentmatrix N TR xrad yrad scale 0 0 1 startangle endangle arc
savematrix setmatrix}N end

%%EndProcSet
%%BeginFont: CMBX10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMBX10 1.00B
%%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:54:06
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.00B) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMBX10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Bold) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMBX10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 65 /A put
dup 66 /B put
dup 120 /x put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-301 -250 1164 946}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000768 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI6
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI6 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:52
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI6) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI6 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 82 /R put
readonly def
/FontBBox{11 -250 1241 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087381 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMSY6
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY6 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:21:34
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMSY6) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.035 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMSY6 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 3 /asteriskmath put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-4 -948 1329 786}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000816 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI5
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI5 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Aug 02 08:21:10
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI5) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI5 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 101 /e put
readonly def
/FontBBox{37 -250 1349 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087380 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMR7
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR7 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:21
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMR7) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMR7 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 40 /parenleft put
dup 41 /parenright put
dup 50 /two put
dup 51 /three put
dup 56 /eight put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-27 -250 1122 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000790 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMSY8
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY8 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:22:10
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMSY8) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.035 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMSY8 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /minus put
dup 3 /asteriskmath put
dup 33 /arrowright put
dup 49 /infinity put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-30 -955 1185 779}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000818 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMR8
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR8 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:40
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMR8) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMR8 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 1 /Delta put
dup 40 /parenleft put
dup 41 /parenright put
dup 43 /plus put
dup 48 /zero put
dup 49 /one put
dup 50 /two put
dup 51 /three put
dup 61 /equal put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-36 -250 1070 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000791 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMEX10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMEX10 1.00
%%CreationDate: 1992 Jul 23 21:22:48
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.00) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMEX10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMEX10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 16 /parenleftBig put
dup 17 /parenrightBig put
dup 18 /parenleftbigg put
dup 19 /parenrightbigg put
dup 26 /braceleftbigg put
dup 27 /bracerightbigg put
dup 50 /bracketlefttp put
dup 51 /bracketrighttp put
dup 52 /bracketleftbt put
dup 53 /bracketrightbt put
dup 54 /bracketleftex put
dup 55 /bracketrightex put
dup 56 /bracelefttp put
dup 58 /braceleftbt put
dup 60 /braceleftmid put
dup 62 /braceex put
dup 88 /summationdisplay put
dup 110 /braceleftBig put
dup 111 /bracerightBig put
dup 112 /radicalbig put
dup 113 /radicalBig put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-24 -2960 1454 772}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000774 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI7
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI7 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:53
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI7) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI7 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 79 /O put
dup 82 /R put
dup 84 /T put
dup 101 /e put
dup 104 /h put
dup 107 /k put
dup 112 /p put
dup 113 /q put
dup 116 /t put
readonly def
/FontBBox{0 -250 1171 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087382 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMR10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR10 1.00B
%%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:54:52
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.00B) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMR10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMR10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 1 /Delta put
dup 40 /parenleft put
dup 41 /parenright put
dup 43 /plus put
dup 48 /zero put
dup 49 /one put
dup 50 /two put
dup 51 /three put
dup 52 /four put
dup 53 /five put
dup 61 /equal put
dup 91 /bracketleft put
dup 93 /bracketright put
dup 97 /a put
dup 102 /f put
dup 105 /i put
dup 108 /l put
dup 109 /m put
dup 110 /n put
dup 120 /x put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-251 -250 1009 969}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000793 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI10 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:57
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 14 /delta put
dup 21 /lambda put
dup 22 /mu put
dup 28 /tau put
dup 30 /phi put
dup 58 /period put
dup 59 /comma put
dup 60 /less put
dup 61 /slash put
dup 62 /greater put
dup 76 /L put
dup 77 /M put
dup 78 /N put
dup 82 /R put
dup 88 /X put
dup 97 /a put
dup 99 /c put
dup 100 /d put
dup 105 /i put
dup 107 /k put
dup 109 /m put
dup 110 /n put
dup 111 /o put
dup 112 /p put
dup 113 /q put
dup 116 /t put
dup 117 /u put
dup 119 /w put
dup 120 /x put
dup 121 /y put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-32 -250 1048 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087385 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI8
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI8 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:54
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI8) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI8 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 30 /phi put
dup 68 /D put
dup 77 /M put
dup 78 /N put
dup 79 /O put
dup 82 /R put
dup 84 /T put
dup 97 /a put
dup 98 /b put
dup 101 /e put
dup 104 /h put
dup 105 /i put
dup 107 /k put
dup 110 /n put
dup 112 /p put
dup 113 /q put
dup 116 /t put
dup 119 /w put
dup 120 /x put
dup 121 /y put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-24 -250 1110 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087383 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMSY10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY10 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:20:57
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMSY10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.035 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMSY10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /minus put
dup 1 /periodcentered put
dup 2 /multiply put
dup 17 /equivalence put
dup 20 /lessequal put
dup 21 /greaterequal put
dup 32 /arrowleft put
dup 33 /arrowright put
dup 39 /similarequal put
dup 49 /infinity put
dup 71 /G put
dup 102 /braceleft put
dup 103 /braceright put
dup 112 /radical put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-29 -960 1116 775}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000820 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA052F09F9C8ADE9D907C058B87E9B6964
7D53359E51216774A4EAA1E2B58EC3176BD1184A633B951372B4198D4E8C5EF4
A213ACB58AA0A658908035BF2ED8531779838A960DFE2B27EA49C37156989C85
E21B3ABF72E39A89232CD9F4237FC80C9E64E8425AA3BEF7DED60B122A52922A
221A37D9A807DD01161779DDE7D31FF2B87F97C73D63EECDDA4C49501773468A
27D1663E0B62F461F6E40A5D6676D1D12B51E641C1D4E8E2771864FC104F8CBF
5B78EC1D88228725F1C453A678F58A7E1B7BD7CA700717D288EB8DA1F57C4F09
0ABF1D42C5DDD0C384C7E22F8F8047BE1D4C1CC8E33368FB1AC82B4E96146730
DE3302B2E6B819CB6AE455B1AF3187FFE8071AA57EF8A6616B9CB7941D44EC7A
71A7BB3DF755178D7D2E4BB69859EFA4BBC30BD6BB1531133FD4D9438FF99F09
4ECC068A324D75B5F696B8688EEB2F17E5ED34CCD6D047A4E3806D000C199D7C
515DB70A8D4F6146FE068DC1E5DE8BC57034F30B748EA02516C927663E107D2F
D32CCA94568EB69302E2F74AA6593C8429D46F4DBC544134390BB87A58263EA1
0964FE588E1CD9E1596234BF0B69BD326EBCE2F93E19207F5ECB65C86E0131E3
D9DC9078FA5E267B004C8999067F54B67D07FDDBD1CBD824276311868CD490C5
FA019FB9AE0584A2C6A8B6BECFA3837047261E9565918367C68B0F71FB08625D
FB1F45182B19DDFBCD6B33AAF2B45F517C2C70680FA90A6AEE5CFA2106ECA99F
B82D6FA78009B7B8BE7FFA1FF4E6A5E7F7B7DC21FF5D85F59EEFC09117F90365
D5C8660E99FFEFCF8ACC27D0174CF9CD192D1FED0B797CCE5D01B8873C16B42C
BFBDBD29EE61C513A269A4E8061D8836C338DB1F0853DCD8B1F0923D3AA54793
F513A70B73DE4537E9A1E1B57AD0B189F40E0512DD089BF7271057D37939D61A
1491A38504AC58674A314C72E38812275812EEC03F11E91736F3AA49FAFE888F
1092F9A4CC8A14A5FA4FFA2008C25C3366CB4506D3E88C431F6B1C4482B1D439
24D71514AC5DA715B66630B1D8838E2B843CA5C4C7B0D15C63FF5EE483C8F9DC
718AB92FB4BB18878D84E0E50BC0092682A6EB2EB4E99E4253734983EAC57190
D58B93F692C362399F57938FBC6BA6983CC69A37D2A7848B0B80B388414B54F7
1A7481C64E63410E6CC12127FFAB5E6557B4AF5E0FB6C439A532B8055E1B2DBA
7678F78DFD760F4F2C002301F81C4630580B92FD81BBE210ECB63C8AACC36E14
402755125DE22E838CDB272D5E8340F546998B15FA4506A97B2C656D157CF12C
F7DB43B8A948CDA10C62825371EF7DBA9EC257337EE1EC6EC7DC0BA9D5519D93
4ABC9C6DCF59DBE91D5145CAC981C1EC1B9B4655CCDE60E1571046B5EA54807C
8C9BEBAC187B43BA711A6B40E4C7A926395BF99763FF094A9191908C8CDADF56
6F5BE6D76465D0930F4859A731F91C6C0D40C837A109EB3A767743CDED2CE507
51A3286AD087AB6278191A321638483B5427934A9A0114C46462805FF7FC9282
A21BED52479FCF302B116F320D62FDF2845ECDD3A56E48D4DED8670E5117963A
F5A5E61CD0FD6612BFAD87BCBF363E0ADA303578A7CBD1C8FF041C2E3A6C2E85
53D9AF31548D8858737C558B8D37DCE009A3130041CD65A4F15C3B383A8D1F76
7D05F9EE84B3692BC411ADFAF5A06C72FE1C606C7B544707164C3F3B8060F975
0BAC36CCFA787070882547C7D4F2069ABCE14D9AE768BD3042514D4BDF35ED84
70176C468D04CFDCB0A4C6133C1878ABB4816F2308D7F1BD45D3812EAD8D698A
01D5B8BA1C7C6E4DB47B807E9F9ADC65847E38FF859800CA2D52B15DA16688D5
C06D2EF532A1468499A0C2DE1FF812C715B18E297394614A45B768895FE2D593
403C2B88901DEEB7A7758AA79F44CE1FDD714E762243D7B04DAB544EDF37A53D
382E7346C35A80C6E31D652856C8CA4B10E502B82CA313A077908845238FA20B
242F8E42949515985D01E131A8BCFBC5DC2E60814A3F7022848D3D7D9A51E60F
2C5DCBF026291D91017D00EE653E3B7CD4435BCC127EF7E9168716BA4D530082
2E32898B8F935297E73AA85858517B0FB6705A66152C6D45C4A07E229E5C9180
4019146869B0318B1D98B3F207D79F5D0C8111D644D0AA9F14E73DC42710EE09
675898A29D222AB98C12B6F69D333BB048CF7A5D324CA19CF76F3F81FBE62815
4F8A7C2E19BAF417A0D3F34E4070C91B427271686B35F7B4F804A660C84D18ED
4B0AE9B512C913186CAEBED0CD46BD0D278A3AE40A010E67AB064DB733A7E73B
0832A82EC9878DBB7CBC3AD7BE70F4593AF78C3BBF68D33EB9413768BFD3FBA6
F5C0E6E8BB99FF19D2BEDDF1A6CB0A88886AE14C7B637E82677AEAC6FDC47E25
C38E7B69AE0A3A9EF69342B559459CC2DF058F2D031842A5D21D0407CBB18BED
321F36E7FDE51E2F1C24FD9E1628C841A8693FB033B4C28B6C3554A8F628A976
2BBA0219592880C27BD89C5C904B171804D9EB304F730E2F62F936279BC9C2A4
C4A3747CA43E189EE8E8CD73C26365C12517DE2B202BB2889C394501E3C623EE
A8195AA1346AB66A8AEF34CD740BD31031AA8D4215C744A22A72D8255E0B2C87
260087758132BCABB1F6CD374CA7C9732B684E884494D6105C1D894E10080B3C
017BF96CDB69A44B41B3A508950FD060C3021CE85902A57F68C75E450451C86E
BE466A0E2EAE3A5D842DF43EAE7FB1A4064179EF8F8C4AD6C651A7FEE38BE34B
EB4F2D72CFBBCCD59CDDC8B00D1FC5BAEBE1ED7AD616F0EF4E33A6CB3763A2B4
094931CB521FDFD311F6F4194678B6364A85B186CB70247973F9A79F6229F694
9FDF554FBC4C43C02D895EC61174B63803B2E955FAC8E7EE094B237DF3D8A7B7
B76B1BA147D92F2B733DEE8158194B4F4DD54AD1D679486C39B318EB6949D3E3
9EBA6EB49A3175C2EF457FB60926447EF3A8C6FB2C005C90C9C6A95EABB6C153
9045852D94FA5507DF9164DF8BC80B1429D108D5AF89EF8A41BF5AFF5F9AFBA0
D21414DDF0095A4BCA9F20DD705BB702181F003469673AE6FF129772ACDB4161
242B4B6BFCF6C7A0E5C9A32C704B79518705A20745A819549C642034728D7789
C3FBB1FEAA2FEAC5EDDB1DCF1812C4C6BCCD3423C76ACD280AE180825F478E6E
DF4CBA759102348E90F9E3EA2AD618E41A71FB6CFB4F23260D45B64F701ECDBA
BB760B09C27BEFD2AA98B64A8BE4E17D37DBD6CCE56248C2DDE34D32648FE665
D6AF738DD095B98D125AE52CE8BF2174BF6EE44FF2BE8AE994036FD7C40638B6
B20CF4A956800F5AB6AAA9C8E3760C35213BA3D28B81411D64CC3B50415CA860
4A2EFAB21CBC258D6154A1A3681B7E51B00FC2F6D109D59DAAB3A4726A29AC0A
22EAF4CFB371A249CC9A3AEAFB933A82BC639C4BD2E386647281FB662004834B
9D2E5760CC3DE6AB0A782F676B14C727FF1E951942326CBD596726754D91CFBB
A392FA40B56B8488BD08C059E966BEB26CFC930C0AA09104926FEA916FCC6448
C2F1CC2055A65508AC989780C6CB9BDBB3C16C59BB481DF2EEAF38C8B25FEA97
DA3DA28CFB6AD81026215D0C781B06B2170AA35A84B1CB2A234F17A430970285
644B6B3DD36E140CEF82E8D6D9E2B34A5BC62FE4A8F23C1BE0060DCCB99A9555
59E908A22467788F15DC903066329E61177483A6B910
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
cleartomark
%%EndFont 
TeXDict begin 39158280 55380996 1000 600 600 (paper.dvi)
@start /Fa 134[ 45 3[ 51 30 35 40 2[ 45 1[ 76 1[ 51 1[ 25
51 6[ 45 17[ 71 1[ 86 4[ 71 72[{ TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont} 14
90.9091 /Times-Bold rf /Fb 135[ 55 3[ 55 55 55 1[ 55
6[ 55 2[ 55 55 55 55 1[ 55 34[ 55 1[ 55 8[ 55 55 55 55
1[ 55 55 45[{ TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont} 19 90.9091
/Courier rf /Fc 136[ 54 2[ 21 29 25 1[ 37 37 37 1[ 21
37 1[ 21 37 37 1[ 33 1[ 33 37 33 12[ 46 1[ 50 1[ 42 9[ 42
1[ 54 50 21[ 25 3[ 25 25 37[ 42 2[{ TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont} 26
74.7198 /Times-Roman rf /Fd 135[ 55 53[ 74 79 65[{ } 3
90.9091 /CMBX10 rf /Fe 173[ 46 82[{ } 1 49.8132 /CMMI6
rf /Ff 252[ 32 3[{ } 1 49.8132 /CMSY6 rf /Fg 154[ 28
101[{ } 1 41.511 /CMMI5 rf /Fh 199[ 33 4[ 33 33 8[ 26
26 40[{ } 5 58.1154 /CMR7 rf /Fi 206[ 71 15[ 71 29[ 35
2[ 55{ } 4 66.4176 /CMSY8 rf /Fj 194[ 55 9[ 35 35 35
35 4[ 55 1[ 27 27 38[ 59 1[{ } 9 66.4176 /CMR8 rf /Fk
142[ 83 83 55 55 21[ 120 25[ 74 1[ 74 1[ 74 1[ 74 55
55 55 55 55 55 22[ 62 62 6[ 61 61 50 50 16[{ } 21 83.022
/CMEX10 rf /Fl 139[ 25 2[ 30 34 4[ 35 2[ 39 2[ 31 16[ 39
1[ 50 2[ 50 79[{ } 9 58.1154 /CMMI7 rf /Fm 194[ 65 9[ 42
42 42 5[ 65 1[ 32 32 38[ 69 1[{ } 8 83.022 /CMR10 rf
/Fn 135[ 47 59 2[ 30 2[ 37 42 1[ 50 73 1[ 43 1[ 29 7[ 44
8[ 69 5[ 63 3[ 67 1[ 57 16[ 23 30[ 36 5[ 50 22[{ } 17
83.022 /CMMI10 rf /Fo 133[ 37 42 42 60 42 42 23 32 28
42 42 42 42 65 23 42 1[ 23 42 42 28 37 42 37 42 37 14[ 55
1[ 46 6[ 28 3[ 51 60 55 15[ 42 42 4[ 28 45[{
TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont} 34 83.022 /Times-Roman
rf /Fp 134[ 35 40 51 2[ 25 2[ 32 36 1[ 43 2[ 37 1[ 24
41 2[ 33 2[ 30 37 12[ 41 1[ 53 2[ 54 56 68 8[ 58 37[ 42
30[{ } 20 66.4176 /CMMI8 rf /Fq 135[ 48 9[ 51 76 25 2[ 25
2[ 28 4[ 45 3[ 25 1[ 25 29[ 71 7[ 45 45 45 45 45 45 4[ 71
1[ 35 35 38[ 76 1[{ } 20 90.9091 /CMR10 rf /Fr 134[ 45
52 65 1[ 52 33 2[ 41 46 44 55 80 1[ 47 1[ 31 4[ 47 39
1[ 48 8[ 75 5[ 69 3[ 73 88 62 13[ 71 45 71 25 25 27[ 54
1[ 40 5[ 55 53 6[ 40 14[{ } 30 90.9091 /CMMI10 rf /Fs
134[ 60 60 86 1[ 66 40 47 53 1[ 66 60 66 100 33 66 1[ 33
66 60 40 53 66 53 1[ 60 9[ 120 2[ 80 66 86 93 73 1[ 86
113 3[ 47 2[ 73 80 86 86 1[ 86 8[ 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
60 3[ 40 3[ 40 40 40[{ TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont} 46
119.552 /Times-Bold rf /Ft 105[ 45 28[ 40 40 61 40 45
25 35 35 45 45 45 45 66 25 40 1[ 25 45 45 25 40 45 40
45 45 9[ 76 56 1[ 51 45 56 1[ 56 66 61 76 1[ 61 40 30
1[ 66 56 56 66 61 1[ 56 6[ 30 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45
45 45 25 23 30 3[ 30 30 30 39[{ TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont} 60
90.9091 /Times-Italic rf /Fu 143[ 76 8[ 45 45 30[ 54
21[ 91 9[ 71 5[ 91 91 10[ 71 71 2[ 71 14[ 71 25 71{ } 14
90.9091 /CMSY10 rf /Fv 105[ 45 1[ 40 40 24[ 40 45 45
66 45 45 25 35 30 45 45 45 45 71 25 45 25 25 45 45 30
40 45 40 45 40 3[ 30 1[ 30 56 66 1[ 86 66 66 56 51 61
66 51 66 66 81 56 66 35 30 66 66 51 56 66 61 61 66 84
40 3[ 25 25 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 25 23 30 23
2[ 30 30 30 71 76 33[ 51 51 2[{ TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont} 81
90.9091 /Times-Roman rf /Fw 134[ 72 72 104 1[ 80 48 56
64 1[ 80 72 80 120 40 2[ 40 1[ 72 1[ 64 80 64 1[ 72 14[ 104
1[ 88 112 1[ 135 6[ 88 96 104 104 1[ 104 19[ 48 45[{
TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont} 28 143.462 /Times-Bold
rf end
%%EndProlog
%%BeginSetup
%%Feature: *Resolution 600dpi
TeXDict begin
%%PaperSize: A4
 end
%%EndSetup
%%Page: 1 1
TeXDict begin 1 0 bop Fw 295 522 a(On) 35 b(Modeling) g(Datag) n(ram) g
(Conges) n(tion) g(Contr) m(ol) g(Pr) m(otoco) n(l) 3
704 y(and) g(Random) f(Early) h(Dete) n(ction) g(using) g(Fluid-) n
(Flo) o(w) g(A) l(ppr) m(oxim) n(ation) p Fv 160 957
a(HIR) l(O) -5 b(YUKI) 22 b(HISAM) n(A) -10 b(TSU) -114
1061 y(Osaka) 24 b(Electro-) r(Communicati) r(on) f(Uni) n(v) o(ersi) r
(ty) 42 1164 y(Departmen) r(t) g(of) g(Compute) r(r) g(Science) -246
1268 y(1130) r(\22670) h(Kiyotak) r(i,) e(Shijon) r(a) o(w) o(ate,) h
(Osaka) h(575-) r(0063) 517 1372 y(J) -5 b(AP) d(AN) 299
1476 y(hisamat) r(u@anar) n(g) r(.jp) 1652 957 y(HIR) l(O) j(YUK) n(I)
23 b(OHSAKI) 203 b(MASA) -10 b(YUK) n(I) 23 b(MURA) -10
b(T) i(A) 2279 1061 y(Osaka) 24 b(Uni) n(v) o(ercit) r(y) 1560
1164 y(Graduate) h(School) f(of) f(Info) r(rmation) h(Scienc) r(e) f
(and) h(T) -6 b(echnolo) r(gy) 1866 1268 y(1\2265) 25
b(Y) -9 b(amadaoka) r(,) 22 b(Suita,) h(Osaka) h(565) r(-0871) 2462
1372 y(J) -5 b(AP) d(A) n(N) p Fu 1959 1476 a(f) p Fv(oos) r(aki,murat)
r(a) p Fu(g) p Fv(@ist.os) r(aka-u.a) r(c.jp) p Ft -158
1677 a(Abstr) o(act:) p Fv 44 w(In) 30 b(this) i(paper) l(,) h(we) d
(model) h(DCCP) d(cong) r(estio) r(n) i(contr) r(ol) g(mechan) r(ism) g
(and) h(RED) d(as) j(indep) r(ende) r(nt) f(disc) r(rete-ti) r(me) -158
1781 y(syste) r(ms) d(using) i(\003uid-\003o) n(w) f(appro) r(ximatio) r
(n.) 41 b(By) 28 b(interc) r(onnec) r(ting) h(DCC) n(P) e(conn) r
(ectio) r(ns) h(and) g(RED) e(rout) r(ers,) j(we) e(model) i(the) -158
1885 y(entire) 20 b(net) r(w) o(ork) f(as) h(a) f(feedb) r(ack) h
(system) g(called) p Ft 21 w(DCCP) n(/RED) p Fv(.) e(W) -7
b(e) 18 b(then) j(analyz) r(e) e(the) h(stead) r(y) f(state) h(perfo) r
(rmance) g(and) g(the) g(tran-) -158 1988 y(sient) k(state) f(perf) r
(ormance) h(of) f(DCCP) n(/RED.) e(Speci\002cal) r(ly) -6
b(,) 22 b(we) h(deri) n(v) o(e) g(the) h(pack) o(e) r(t) e(trans) r
(mission) i(rate) f(of) g(DCCP) e(conne) r(ction) r(s,) -158
2092 y(the) j(pack) o(e) r(t) f(tran) r(smission) i(rate,) f(the) g
(pack) q(et) f(loss) i(proba) r(bility) l(,) e(and) h(the) g(a) n(v) o
(era) r(ge) g(queue) h(length) g(of) f(the) g(RED) e(router) j(in) e
(stea) r(dy) -158 2196 y(state.) 28 b(Moreo) q(v) o(er) l(,) 20
b(we) g(in) l(v) q(estigate) h(the) g(para) r(meter) f(re) o(gio) r(n) g
(where) h(DCCP) n(/RED) e(ope) r(rates) i(stabl) r(y) f(by) h(linear) r
(izing) g(DCCP/RE) n(D) -158 2300 y(aroun) r(d) i(its) h(equ) r
(ilibriu) r(m) f(point) r(.) 29 b(W) -7 b(e) 23 b(also) i(e) n(v) n
(aluat) r(e) e(the) i(transi) r(ent) f(state) h(perfor) r(mance) f(of) g
(DCCP) n(/RED) f(in) h(terms) g(of) g(ramp-up) -158 2403
y(time,) g(o) o(v) o(ersho) r(ot,) g(and) h(settli) r(ng) f(time.) 31
b(Conseq) r(uently) l(,) 23 b(we) h(sho) n(w) g(that) h(the) g(stabili)
r(ty) f(and) h(the) f(tran) r(sient) h(state) g(perfo) r(rmance) g(of)
-158 2507 y(DCCP) n(/RED) f(de) o(gr) r(ade) i(when) g(the) g(weight) h
(of) f(the) g(e) o(xpon) r(ential) h(weighte) r(d) e(mo) o(ving) i(a) n
(v) o(erag) r(e,) f(which) g(is) g(one) g(of) g(RED) e(cont) r(rol) -158
2611 y(paramet) r(ers,) 30 b(is) f(small.) 47 b(T) -7
b(o) 28 b(solv) q(e) g(this) i(prob) r(lem,) g(by) f(addi) r(ng) g
(chan) r(ges) g(to) h(the) f(fun) r(ction) h(with) f(which) h(RED) d
(dete) r(rmines) j(the) -158 2715 y(pack) o(e) r(t) 22
b(loss) h(pro) r(babili) r(ty) -6 b(,) 22 b(we) g(prop) r(ose) h
(RED-IQI) e(\(RED) g(with) i(Immediate) h(Queue) f(Informa) r(tion\),) g
(as) g(an) g(applic) r(ation) r(s) f(of) h(our) -158
2819 y(analy) r(tic) i(resu) r(lt.) 33 b(W) -7 b(e) 25
b(analy) r(ze) g(the) h(transi) r(ent) f(stat) r(e) g(perfor) r(mance) g
(of) h(the) f(feed) r(back) h(syste) r(m) e(DCCP/R) n(ED-IQI) h(where) g
(DCCP) -158 2922 y(conne) r(ction) r(s) 30 b(and) i(RED-IQI) d(rou) r
(ters) i(are) g(inte) r(rconn) r(ected) r(.) 50 b(Conse) r(quent) r(ly)
-6 b(,) 32 b(we) f(sho) n(w) g(that) g(DCCP/RE) n(D-IQI) g(has) g(sign)
r(i\002-) -158 3026 y(cantly) 25 b(better) f(tran) r(sient) g(state) g
(per) r(formance) h(than) f(DCCP) n(/RED.) p Ft -158
3224 a(K) m(e) m(y\226W) -8 b(or) m(ds:) p Fv 44 w(DCCP) 28
b(\(Datagr) r(am) h(Conge) r(stion) i(Contro) r(l) f(Protoco) r(l\),) h
(RED) e(\(Rando) r(m) g(Early) i(Detectio) r(n\),) h(Control) f(Theory)
l(,) -158 3328 y(Fluid-\003o) n(w) 23 b(Approx) r(imation) r(,) f
(Steady) i(State) g(Performanc) r(e,) f(T) m(ransien) r(t) g(State) g
(Performan) r(ce) p Fs -150 3607 a(1) 119 b(Intr) n(oduction) p
Fv -150 3778 a(In) 29 b(rece) r(nt) g(years) r(,) h(real-ti) r(me) e
(app) r(licatio) r(ns,) i(suc) r(h) f(as) g(vide) r(o) -150
3882 y(strea) r(ming,) 24 b(IP) f(telep) r(hone,) i(TV) d(con) r
(ferenc) r(e,) h(and) i(netw) o(or) r(k) -150 3986 y(game,) f(beco) r
(me) f(pop) r(ular) i(rapid) r(ly) f(by) g(incr) r(easin) r(g) g(speed)
h(of) -150 4090 y(the) h(netw) o(or) r(k,) g(or) f(the) i(rising) g
(demand) g(for) f(multimedia) h(ap-) -150 4193 y(plica) r(tions) d
([1].) 30 b(General) r(ly) -6 b(,) 23 b(eithe) r(r) g(UDP) f(\(User) i
(Datagram) -150 4297 y(Protoco) r(l\)) 41 b([2]) g(or) g(TCP) e(\(T) m
(ransmissi) r(on) i(Control) h(Proto-) -150 4401 y(col\)) 37
b([3]) f(has) h(been) g(used) g(as) f(a) g(tran) r(sport) h(layer) g
(proto) r(col) -150 4505 y(for) 23 b(real-t) r(ime) f(appli) r(cation) r
(s.) 28 b(Since) 22 b(the) h(Inte) r(rnet) g(is) f(a) g(best) r(-) -150
4609 y(ef) n(fort) g(netw) o(ork) g(where) f(multip) r(le) g(users) h
(share) g(the) f(netw) o(or) r(k) -150 4712 y(band) r(width,) 42
b(all) c(netw) o(ork) h(appl) r(icatio) r(ns) f(need) h(to) f(ha) n(v) o
(e) h(a) -150 4816 y(mechan) r(ism) e(for) h(adap) r(ting) g(to) f(con)
r(gestio) r(n) g(stat) r(us) g(of) h(the) -150 4920 y(netw) o(or) r(k.)
27 b(Ho) n(we) n(v) o(er) l(,) 20 b(UDP) e(is) i(simply) h(a) f(proto) r
(col) g(for) g(data) r(-) -150 5024 y(gram) f(transf) r(er) l(,) g(and)
g(doe) r(s) f(not) h(ha) n(v) o(e) g(a) g(mechani) r(sm) f(for) g(con) r
(-) -150 5127 y(troll) r(ing) 24 b(netw) o(o) r(rk) g(conge) r(stion) r
(.) 30 b(Hence,) 25 b(when) f(a) g(real-t) r(ime) -150
5231 y(appl) r(icatio) r(n) i(uses) i(UDP) d(as) i(a) f(tran) r(sport) i
(layer) g(proto) r(col,) f(it) -150 5335 y(is) 22 b(necess) r(ary) g
(for) g(the) g(appli) r(cation) h(to) e(imple) r(ment) g(a) h(certai) r
(n) -150 5439 y(cong) r(estion) k(con) r(trol) g(mechani) r(sm) e(at) h
(an) h(appli) r(cation) g(laye) r(r) -150 5543 y(for) d(pre) n(v) o(en)
r(ting) g(con) r(gestio) r(n) f(coll) r(apse) h(of) g(the) g(netw) o
(or) r(k) f([4].) 7 5650 y(On) d(the) i(contra) r(ry) -6
b(,) 20 b(TCP) e(has) j(a) f(mechani) r(sm) f(for) i(adjust) r(-) -150
5753 y(ing) f(the) f(pack) q(et) g(trans) r(mission) h(rate) g(accord) r
(ing) f(to) h(the) f(a) n(v) n(ail) r(-) -150 5857 y(able) 40
b(band) r(width) f(of) g(the) h(netw) o(or) r(k) f(by) g(perfo) r
(rming) g(con) r(-) 2040 3607 y(gesti) r(on) 26 b(contro) r(l) f
(betwee) r(n) g(sourc) r(e) g(and) h(des) r(tinatio) r(n) f(hos) r(ts.)
2040 3711 y(Ho) n(we) n(v) o(er) l(,) 52 b(TCP) 44 b(is) j(a) f(trans) r
(port) h(layer) g(prot) r(ocol) g(origi) r(-) 2040 3815
y(nally) 32 b(design) r(ed) e(for) h(data) g(tran) r(sfer) g(applic) r
(ation) r(s) f(that) h(can) 2040 3919 y(toler) r(ate) 37
b(a) g(certa) r(in) g(amount) h(of) g(transmis) r(sion) g(delay) g
([5].) 2040 4022 y(Since) h(the) h(conge) r(stion) g(cont) r(rol) f
(mechan) r(ism) f(of) h(TCP) e(is) 2040 4126 y(the) 29
b(AIMD) f(\(Additiv) o(e) g(Incr) r(ease) h(and) h(Multipl) r(icati) n
(v) o(e) g(De-) 2040 4230 y(creas) r(e\)) c(windo) n(w) h(\003o) n(w) e
(contro) r(l,) h(the) h(pack) q(et) f(tran) r(smissio) r(n) 2040
4334 y(rate) i(from) f(a) f(sou) r(rce) h(host) h(\003uctuat) r(es) f
(at) g(the) g(time) g(scal) r(e) f(of) 2040 4437 y(appr) r(oximatel) r
(y) 34 b(round) r(-trip) h(time.) 61 b(Althou) r(gh) 34
b(such) h(\003uc-) 2040 4541 y(tuati) r(on) e(is) f(not) h(a) g(prob) r
(lem) f(when) h(using) h(TCP) d(with) h(non) r(-) 2040
4645 y(realt) r(ime) 41 b(app) r(licatio) r(ns) h(such) h(as) f(data) h
(trans) r(fer) f(appl) r(ica-) 2040 4749 y(tions) r(,) 35
b(it) e(bec) r(omes) g(a) h(seriou) r(s) f(prob) r(lem) g(in) h(real-t)
r(ime) f(ap-) 2040 4853 y(plica) r(tions) 24 b(such) h(as) e(vide) r(o)
g(streamin) r(g) g([5].) 2197 5027 y(DCC) n(P) 34 b(\(Datag) r(ram) g
(Conge) r(stion) i(Control) g(Protocol) r(\)) 2040 5131
y(is) 20 b(there) r(fore) g(pro) r(posed) h(as) f(a) g(ne) n(w) f(tran)
r(sport) i(layer) g(proto) r(col) 2040 5235 y(for) 34
b(real-ti) r(me) e(app) r(licatio) r(ns) h([6].) 59 b(DCCP) 31
b(perfo) r(rms) h(con) r(-) 2040 5338 y(gesti) r(on) 26
b(contro) r(l) f(betwee) r(n) g(sourc) r(e) g(and) h(des) r(tinatio) r
(n) f(hos) r(ts,) 2040 5442 y(and) 20 b(an) g(app) r(licatio) r(n) g
(using) h(DCCP) c(can) k(choos) r(e) e(the) i(type) f(of) 2040
5546 y(cong) r(estion) i(cont) r(rol) f(mechani) r(sms.) 27
b(Curren) r(tly) -6 b(,) 21 b(\223TCP-lik) o(e) 2040
5650 y(cong) r(estion) 30 b(contr) r(ol) e(pro\002le) r(\224) g([7]) h
(that) g(perf) r(orms) f(con) r(ges-) 2040 5753 y(tion) 38
b(contr) r(ol) f(similar) h(to) f(TCP) -10 b(,) 35 b(and) j(\223TFRC) d
(cong) r(estio) r(n) 2040 5857 y(cont) r(rol) e(pro\002le\224) h([8]) f
(that) g(perfo) r(rms) f(con) r(gestio) r(n) g(con) r(trol) p
dyy eop end
%%Page: 2 2
TeXDict begin 2 1 bop Fv -150 249 a(similar) 21 b(to) g(TFR) n(C) f
(\(TCP) e(Friend) r(ly) i(Rate) g(Contro) r(l\)) g(are) h(pro-) -150
352 y(pose) r(d.) 7 457 y(In) 45 b(the) i(TCP-lik) o(e) e(con) r
(gestio) r(n) h(contro) r(l) f(pro\002le) r(,) 50 b(an) -150
561 y(AIMD) 23 b(windo) n(w) h(contr) r(ol) g(is) g(perfo) r(rmed) g
(as) g(with) g(TCP) e([7].) -150 665 y(The) 36 b(AIMD) f(windo) n(w) h
(con) r(trol) g(add) r(iti) n(v) o(ely) h(incre) r(ases) g(the) -150
769 y(windo) n(w) 30 b(size) h(\(i.e.,) h(the) f(number) g(of) g(pack) o
(e) r(ts) f(that) h(can) g(be) -150 872 y(trans) r(mitted) 19
b(in) f(a) g(round) r(-trip) h(time\)) f(unti) r(l) f(a) h(sour) r(ce) g
(host) h(de-) -150 976 y(tects) h(netw) o(ork) g(cong) r(estio) r(n.) 27
b(If) 18 b(con) r(gestio) r(n) h(in) g(the) g(netw) o(or) r(k) -150
1080 y(is) 36 b(detec) r(ted,) j(a) c(sou) r(rce) h(host) g(multip) r
(licativ) o(ely) g(decre) r(ases) -150 1184 y(the) 30
b(window) e(size) r(.) 47 b(Theref) r(ore,) 31 b(the) g(pack) o(e) r(t)
e(tran) r(smissio) r(n) -150 1287 y(rate) i(of) g(DCC) n(P) f(using) i
(the) f(TCP) n(-lik) q(e) f(conge) r(stion) h(con) r(trol) -150
1391 y(pro\002le) 36 b(\003uctua) r(tes) f(at) h(the) g(time) f(scale) h
(of) g(appro) r(ximatel) r(y) -150 1495 y(roun) r(d-trip) 29
b(time.) 41 b(Hence,) 29 b(for) f(insta) r(nce,) h(DCCP) c(with) j(the)
-150 1599 y(TCP-lik) o(e) 35 b(conge) r(stion) h(contro) r(l) e
(pro\002le) i(is) f(suitab) r(le) g(for) g(a) -150 1703
y(strea) r(ming) e(app) r(licatio) r(n) g(that) h(b) n(uf) n(fe) r(rs) f
(a) g(lar) n(g) r(e) g(amount) h(of) -150 1806 y(data) 24
b(at) g(a) f(destin) r(ation) h(hos) r(t) f([7].) 7 1911
y(On) 40 b(the) h(con) r(trary) -6 b(,) 46 b(in) 41 b(the) g(TFRC) e
(cong) r(estio) r(n) h(con) r(-) -150 2015 y(trol) 33
b(pro\002le,) i(v) n(ariat) r(ion) d(of) h(the) f(pac) r(k) o(et) g
(tran) r(smissio) r(n) g(rate) -150 2119 y(caus) r(ed) g(by) g(the) g
(TCP-lik) o(e) g(cong) r(estion) h(cont) r(rol) f(pro\002le) g(is) -150
2223 y(pre) n(v) o(en) r(ted,) 50 b(and) 45 b(con) r(gestio) r(n) f
(cont) r(rol) h(is) f(per) r(formed) h(so) -150 2326
y(that) 24 b(the) f(netw) o(o) r(rk) g(bandwid) r(th) g(is) g(f) o
(airl) r(y) f(sha) r(red) h(with) g(othe) r(r) -150 2430
y(compet) r(ing) 33 b(TCP) e(conn) r(ectio) r(ns) i([8].) 57
b(In) 33 b(DCCP) e(with) i(the) -150 2534 y(TFRC) h(con) r(gestio) r(n)
j(contro) r(l) f(pro\002le) r(,) j(a) d(dest) r(inatio) r(n) g(hos) r
(t) -150 2638 y(primari) r(ly) 19 b(perf) r(orms) h(conge) r(stion) h
(contro) r(l.) 27 b(Namely) -6 b(,) 20 b(in) g(the) -150
2742 y(TFRC) j(cong) r(estio) r(n) i(contr) r(ol) g(pro\002le) r(,) g
(the) h(destin) r(ation) g(hos) r(t) -150 2845 y(detec) r(ts) g(netw) o
(ork) h(con) r(gestio) r(n) f(and) g(not) r(i\002es) g(it) g(of) g(a) g
(sourc) r(e) -150 2949 y(host) r(.) 35 b(The) 25 b(sour) r(ce) g(hos) r
(t) g(adju) r(sts) h(the) g(pack) q(et) f(tran) r(smissio) r(n) -150
3053 y(rate) e(from) g(a) g(sourc) r(e) f(hos) r(t) g(base) r(d) g(on) h
(the) h(conge) r(stion) g(infor-) -150 3157 y(mation) j(\(e.g.,) p
Ft 27 w(pac) n(k) q(et) f(loss) h(e) o(vent) g(r) o(ate) p
Fv(\)) g(noti) r(\002ed) f(from) g(the) -150 3260 y(desti) r(natio) r
(n) g(host.) 39 b(F) o(or) 26 b(instan) r(ce,) h(DCCP) d(with) j(the) g
(TFR) n(C) -150 3364 y(cong) r(estion) 32 b(con) r(trol) f(pro\002le) h
(is) f(suita) r(ble) g(for) h(a) e(stre) r(aming) -150
3468 y(appl) r(icatio) r(n) 35 b(that) h(b) n(uf) n(fe) r(rs) f(a) g
(small) h(amount) g(of) g(data) g(at) g(a) -150 3572
y(desti) r(natio) r(n) 23 b(host) h([8].) 7 3677 y(Whereas) 30
b(DCCP) d(perfo) r(rms) i(conge) r(stion) h(contr) r(ol) f(be-) -150
3780 y(tween) 47 b(sourc) r(e) f(and) h(destin) r(ation) g(hos) r(ts,) k
(A) -5 b(QM) 45 b(\(Acti) n(v) o(e) -150 3884 y(Queue) 35
b(Manage) r(ment\)) f(mecha) r(nisms) g(that) h(perfo) r(rm) e(con) r
(-) -150 3988 y(gesti) r(on) k(con) r(trol) g(at) h(router) r(s) f(in) g
(the) h(netw) o(ork) g(ha) n(v) q(e) e(bee) r(n) -150
4092 y(captu) r(ring) 31 b(the) f(spo) r(tlight) h(in) f(rece) r(nt) g
(years) h([4,) f(9].) 49 b(A) 29 b(rep-) -150 4196 y(resen) r(tati) n
(v) o(e) f(A) -5 b(QM) 26 b(mechan) r(ism) h(is) g(RED) f(\(Rando) r(m)
g(Early) -150 4299 y(Detecti) r(on\)) 39 b([10],) k(which) d(proba) r
(bilist) r(ically) g(disca) r(rds) f(an) -150 4403 y(arri) n(vi) r(ng) h
(pack) q(et.) 79 b(W) l(ith) 40 b(RED,) f(as) h(compare) r(d) g(with) g
(the) -150 4507 y(con) l(v) q(entio) r(nal) 24 b(DropT) -7
b(ail,) 23 b(the) h(a) n(v) o(er) r(age) g(queue) h(lengt) r(h) e
(\(i.e.,) -150 4611 y(the) 36 b(a) n(v) o(er) r(age) g(numbe) r(r) f
(of) h(pack) q(ets) g(in) g(the) g(b) n(uf) n(f) r(er\)) g(of) g(the)
-150 4714 y(route) r(r) 27 b(can) h(be) f(k) o(ep) r(t) g(small,) h
(and) g(high) h(throug) r(hput) f(can) g(be) -150 4818
y(achiev) o(ed) h([10) r(,) f(11].) 48 b(In) 30 b(partic) r(ular) l(,) i
(k) o(eepi) r(ng) e(the) g(a) n(v) o(erag) r(e) -150
4922 y(queu) r(e) c(length) h(small) g(is) f(ef) n(fect) r(i) n(v) o(e)
f(in) i(decrea) r(sing) g(the) f(end) r(-) -150 5026
y(to-en) r(d) j(trans) r(mission) h(dela) r(y) -6 b(.) 46
b(Hence) r(,) 30 b(it) f(is) g(e) o(xpec) r(ted) h(that) -150
5130 y(an) 21 b(A) -5 b(QM) 20 b(mechan) r(ism) g(is) i(ef) n(fecti) n
(v) q(e) e(for) i(real-ti) r(me) e(appl) r(ica-) -150
5233 y(tions) r(.) 7 5338 y(In) 43 b(the) h(litera) r(ture,) k(the) r
(re) 43 b(e) o(xist) h(not) g(man) o(y) f(theo) r(ret-) -150
5442 y(ical) i(studi) r(es) f(on) h(DCCP) d([12].) 92
b(On) 44 b(the) h(contr) r(ary) -6 b(,) 98 b(in) -150
5546 y(the) 27 b(litera) r(ture,) g(man) o(y) g(studi) r(es) f(on) h
(the) g(conge) r(stion) g(con) r(trol) -150 5650 y(mechan) r(ism) e(of)
g(TCP) -10 b(,) 23 b(which) i(is) g(ado) r(pted) h(in) f(the) h(TCP) n
(-lik) q(e) -150 5753 y(cong) r(estion) i(cont) r(rol) f(pro\002le) h
(of) f(DCCP) -12 b(,) 26 b(ha) n(v) q(e) g(e) o(xtens) r(i) n(v) o(ely)
-150 5857 y(perfo) r(rmed) 40 b([13-2) r(0].) 77 b(In) 40
b(partic) r(ular) l(,) k(char) r(acteri) r(stics) c(of) 2040
249 y(the) 25 b(mix) o(ed) g(en) l(vi) r(ronment) h(of) e(TCP) f(conn) r
(ection) r(s) h(and) h(RED) 2040 352 y(route) r(rs) 33
b(ha) n(v) o(e) g(been) h(e) o(xten) r(si) n(v) o(ely) f(stud) r(ied.)
57 b(F) o(or) 32 b(inst) r(ance,) 2040 456 y(in) 42 b([14-1) r(6],) 21
b(the) h(cong) r(estion) g(con) r(trol) f(mecha) r(nism) g(of) g(TCP)
2040 560 y(and) 38 b(RED) d(are) i(modele) r(d) g(as) g(indep) r(enden)
r(t) f(disc) r(rete-t) r(ime) 2040 664 y(syste) r(ms.) 76
b(The) 39 b(entir) r(e) g(netw) o(ork) i(is) e(then) h(model) r(ed) f
(as) h(a) 2040 767 y(feedb) r(ack) 19 b(system) g(where) f(TCP) e(conn)
r(ectio) r(ns) i(and) h(the) f(RED) 2040 871 y(route) r(r) j(are) h
(inte) r(rconn) r(ected.) 29 b(By) 21 b(appl) r(ying) h(con) r(trol) g
(theor) r(y) -6 b(,) 2040 975 y(the) 38 b(stead) r(y) f(stat) r(e) g
(perfo) r(rmance) h(and) g(the) g(tran) r(sient) g(stat) r(e) 2040
1079 y(perfo) r(rmance) g(of) f(the) g(TCP) e(con) r(gestio) r(n) i
(contro) r(l) f(mecha) r(-) 2040 1183 y(nism) f(and) g(RED) d(are) j
(analy) r(zed.) 62 b(Moreo) o(v) o(er) n(,) 36 b(in) f([13,) f(17,) 2040
1286 y(18],) 23 b(the) f(TCP) e(cong) r(estion) j(con) r(trol) f
(mechan) r(ism) g(and) g(RED) 2040 1390 y(are) g(modeled) h(as) e(ind) r
(epend) r(ent) h(contin) r(uous) r(-time) f(sys) r(tems,) 2040
1494 y(and) j(the) h(stead) r(y) e(state) i(perfo) r(rmance) f(of) g
(RED) e(is) i(anal) r(yzed.) 2040 1598 y(In) 19 b([20]) r(,) g(it) g
(is) g(sho) n(wn) g(tha) r(t) f(the) i(trans) r(ient) g(state) g
(perfor) r(mance) 2040 1701 y(and) 32 b(the) f(rob) n(u) r(stnes) r(s) g
(of) g(RED) e(impro) o(v) o(e,) k(when) f(the) f(func) r(-) 2040
1805 y(tion) 21 b(with) g(which) g(RED) d(dete) r(rmines) j(the) g
(pack) o(e) r(t) f(loss) h(prob) r(-) 2040 1909 y(abili) r(ty) g(is) g
(chan) r(ged) g(to) g(a) g(con) r(ca) n(v) o(e) g(fun) r(ction) h(to) f
(the) h(a) n(v) o(erag) r(e) 2040 2013 y(queu) r(e) h(lengt) r(h.) 2197
2119 y(Althoug) r(h) 43 b(charac) r(terist) r(ics) g(of) g(the) h(mix) o
(ed) g(en) l(vi) r(ron-) 2040 2223 y(ment) 22 b(of) g(TCP) d(con) r
(gestio) r(n) i(con) r(trol) h(mechan) r(ism) f(and) h(RED) 2040
2326 y(ha) n(v) o(e) 31 b(been) h(suf) n(\002cient) r(ly) e(in) l(v) q
(estigate) r(d,) h(cha) r(racter) r(istics) g(of) 2040
2430 y(the) k(mix) o(ed) g(en) l(vir) r(onment) g(of) g(TFR) n(C) f
(cong) r(estion) h(con) r(trol) 2040 2534 y(mechan) r(ism) 26
b(and) g(RED) e(ha) n(v) q(e) h(not) i(been) g(suf) n(\002cien) r(tly) f
(stud) r(-) 2040 2638 y(ied) f([5,) g(21-2) r(3].) 33
b(In) 25 b(parti) r(cular) l(,) h(to) f(the) h(best) f(of) g(our) h
(kno) n(wl-) 2040 2742 y(edge) r(,) 42 b(tran) r(sient) e(state) h
(perfo) r(rmance) f(of) g(TFR) n(C) f(has) h(not) 2040
2845 y(been) d(full) r(y) f(in) l(v) o(es) r(tigated) r(.) 133
b(In) 37 b([21],) j(f) o(airne) r(ss) c(betwee) r(n) 2040
2949 y(TCP-friendly) 50 b(rate) f(con) r(trol) g(mechan) r(ism) f(and) h
(TCP) e(in) 2040 3053 y(stead) r(y) 40 b(state) h(is) g(e) n(v) n
(aluat) r(ed) f(with) h(simulati) r(ons) g(and) g(traf-) 2040
3157 y(\002c) 34 b(measu) r(rements) i(of) f(the) g(Inte) r(rnet.) 64
b(Moreo) o(v) o(er) n(,) 37 b(in) e([5],) 2040 3260 y(f) o(airn) r(ess)
24 b(between) g(TFRC) e(and) i(TCP) d(is) j(e) n(v) n(alua) r(ted) g
(by) f(sim-) 2040 3364 y(ulati) r(on.) 67 b(The) 36 b(tran) r(sient) h
(state) g(per) r(formance) h(of) e(a) g(TCP-) 2040 3468
y(frien) r(dly) 48 b(rate) g(contro) r(l) f(mechan) r(ism) g(is) g
(also) h(e) n(v) n(alu) r(ated.) 2040 3572 y(Ho) n(we) n(v) o(er) l(,) g
(thes) r(e) 43 b(stud) r(ies) h(assume) g(that) h(all) f(router) r(s) f
(are) 2040 3676 y(DropT) -7 b(ail) 44 b(and) g(the) f(ef) n(fec) r(t) g
(of) g(the) h(intera) r(ction) g(betwee) r(n) 2040 3779
y(TFRC) 16 b(conn) r(ectio) r(ns) i(and) h(RED) e(route) r(rs) h(has) h
(not) g(been) g(full) r(y) 2040 3883 y(in) l(v) q(estigated) 25
b([22,) e(23].) 2197 3989 y(In) 43 b(this) h(pap) r(er) l(,) k(we) 43
b(there) r(fore) h(model) g(DCCP) d(con) r(-) 2040 4093
y(gesti) r(on) 52 b(cont) r(rol) g(mechan) r(ism) g(and) g(RED) f(as) h
(indep) r(en-) 2040 4197 y(dent) e(discre) r(te-time) f(sys) r(tems) f
(by) h(usin) r(g) f(the) i(modelin) r(g) 2040 4301 y(appr) r(oach) 45
b(in) g([14-16) r(].) 91 b(W) -7 b(e) 44 b(then) h(ana) r(lyze) g(the) g
(stead) r(y) 2040 4404 y(state) 25 b(perf) r(ormance) h(and) f(the) f
(tran) r(sient) h(stat) r(e) f(perfor) r(mance) 2040
4508 y(of) 47 b(DCCP/R) n(ED.) f(Speci\002cally) l(,) 52
b(we) 46 b(deriv) o(e) g(the) i(pack) o(e) r(t) 2040
4612 y(trans) r(mission) 40 b(rate) g(of) g(DCCP) d(conn) r(ectio) r
(ns,) 43 b(the) d(pack) o(e) r(t) 2040 4716 y(trans) r(mission) 49
b(rate,) 54 b(the) 48 b(pac) r(k) o(et) g(loss) h(proba) r(bility) l(,)
k(and) 2040 4819 y(the) 58 b(a) n(v) o(er) r(age) g(queu) r(e) g
(length) h(of) f(the) h(RED) d(route) r(r) h(in) 2040
4923 y(stead) r(y) 36 b(state) r(.) 67 b(Moreo) o(v) q(er) l(,) 39
b(we) d(in) l(v) o(es) r(tigate) h(the) g(para) r(me-) 2040
5027 y(ter) 32 b(re) o(gio) r(n) f(where) i(DCCP) n(/RED) e(opera) r
(tes) h(stabl) r(y) f(by) i(lin-) 2040 5131 y(eariz) r(ing) 49
b(DCCP) n(/RED) e(aro) r(und) i(its) g(equi) r(libriu) r(m) e(poi) r
(nt.) 2040 5235 y(W) -7 b(e) 37 b(also) i(e) n(v) n(aluat) r(e) e(the) i
(transi) r(ent) f(state) h(perfo) r(rmance) f(of) 2040
5338 y(DCCP) n(/RED) 46 b(in) i(terms) f(of) h(ramp-up) g(time,) 53
b(o) o(v) o(ers) r(hoot,) 2040 5442 y(and) f(settli) r(ng) f(time.) 113
b(Consequ) r(ently) l(,) 57 b(we) 51 b(sho) n(wn) h(that) 2040
5546 y(the) 42 b(stab) r(ility) h(and) f(the) g(tran) r(sient) h(state)
g(perfor) r(mance) f(of) 2040 5650 y(DCCP) n(/RED) 20
b(de) o(grad) r(e) g(when) h(the) g(weight) g(of) g(the) g(e) o(xpon) r
(en-) 2040 5753 y(tial) 32 b(weight) r(ed) f(mo) o(ving) i(a) n(v) o
(era) r(ge,) g(which) f(is) g(one) g(of) g(RED) 2040
5857 y(cont) r(rol) g(par) r(ameters,) j(is) e(small.) 56
b(T) -7 b(o) 32 b(solv) o(e) h(this) g(prob) r(lem,) p
dyy eop end
%%Page: 3 3
TeXDict begin 3 2 bop Fv -150 249 a(by) 34 b(add) r(ing) g(cha) r(nges)
h(to) f(the) h(funct) r(ion) f(with) g(which) h(RED) -150
352 y(deter) r(mines) 42 b(the) h(pack) o(e) r(t) e(loss) i(prob) r
(abilit) r(y) -6 b(,) 46 b(we) 41 b(prop) r(ose) -150
456 y(RED-IQI) 24 b(\(RED) g(with) i(Immediate) h(Queue) f(Informa) r
(tion\),) -150 560 y(as) g(an) f(app) r(licatio) r(ns) g(of) h(our) g
(anal) r(ytic) g(result) r(.) 69 b(W) -7 b(e) 24 b(ana) r(lyze) -150
664 y(the) 35 b(tran) r(sient) g(stat) r(e) f(perfo) r(rmance) h(of) g
(the) g(feed) r(back) h(sys-) -150 767 y(tem) d(DCCP/RE) n(D-IQI,) g
(where) h(DCCP) d(con) r(nectio) r(ns) j(and) -150 871
y(RED-IQI) h(route) r(rs) h(are) g(inte) r(rconn) r(ected) r(.) 66
b(Conseq) r(uentl) r(y) -6 b(,) -150 975 y(we) 23 b(sho) n(w) h(that) h
(DCCP) n(/RED-IQI) e(has) h(sign) r(i\002cantly) h(bette) r(r) -150
1079 y(trans) r(ient) f(state) g(perf) r(ormance) g(than) h(DCC) n
(P/RED.) 7 1185 y(The) 32 b(or) n(g) r(anizat) r(ion) h(of) h(this) g
(paper) g(is) f(as) g(foll) r(o) n(ws.) 57 b(In) -150
1288 y(Section) 32 b(2,) g(we) e(brie\003y) h(e) o(xpla) r(in) f(the) i
(o) o(v) o(ervie) n(w) f(of) g(DCC) n(P) -150 1392 y(and) 46
b(its) f(tw) o(o) h(conge) r(stion) g(cont) r(rol) f(pro\002le) r(s:) 72
b(the) 46 b(TCP-) -150 1496 y(lik) o(e) 26 b(cong) r(estio) r(n) f
(contr) r(ol) g(pro\002le) h(and) g(the) g(TFRC) d(con) r(ges-) -150
1600 y(tion) 36 b(contro) r(l) e(pro\002le) r(.) 61 b(In) 35
b(Sectio) r(n) f(3,) j(we) d(model) i(DCC) n(P) -150
1703 y(cong) r(estion) c(contro) r(l) e(mechani) r(sm) f(and) i(RED) e
(as) h(indep) r(en-) -150 1807 y(dent) f(discre) r(te-time) f(sys) r
(tems.) 41 b(By) 28 b(interc) r(onnec) r(ting) g(thes) r(e) -150
1911 y(models) r(,) 53 b(we) 48 b(obtai) r(n) g(DCCP) n(/RED) f(model,)
55 b(the) 49 b(model) -150 2015 y(of) 38 b(the) h(enti) r(re) f(netw) o
(or) r(k.) 73 b(In) 39 b(Section) g(4,) j(we) c(deri) n(v) o(e) h(the)
-150 2119 y(pack) q(et) g(trans) r(mission) h(rate) h(of) e(DCCP) e
(conn) r(ectio) r(ns,) 43 b(the) -150 2222 y(pack) q(et) i(trans) r
(mission) h(rate,) 51 b(the) 46 b(pack) o(e) r(t) f(loss) h(proba) r
(bil-) -150 2326 y(ity) -6 b(,) 34 b(and) f(the) g(a) n(v) o(erag) r(e)
f(queue) h(leng) r(th) f(of) g(the) h(RED) d(route) r(r) -150
2430 y(in) 38 b(stead) r(y) g(state.) 73 b(In) 38 b(Sectio) r(n) f(5,)
42 b(we) 37 b(analy) r(ze) h(the) g(tran) r(-) -150 2534
y(sient) j(stat) r(e) f(perfo) r(rmance) h(of) f(DCCP/RE) n(D) f(by) i
(linea) r(riz-) -150 2637 y(ing) 30 b(DCCP) n(/RED) e(arou) r(nd) h
(its) h(equi) r(libriu) r(m) e(poin) r(t.) 46 b(More-) -150
2741 y(o) o(v) o(er) l(,) 35 b(in) e(Section) g(6,) i(we) d(presen) r
(t) g(se) n(v) o(era) r(l) g(numeric) r(al) g(e) o(x-) -150
2845 y(amples) g(and) f(sho) n(w) g(quan) r(titati) n(v) o(el) r(y) f
(ho) n(w) h(the) g(stead) r(y) f(stat) r(e) -150 2949
y(perfo) r(rmance) 40 b(and) g(the) g(tran) r(sient) g(stat) r(e) f
(perfo) r(rmance) h(of) -150 3053 y(DCCP) n(/RED) h(chan) r(ge) h(with)
g(the) g(bott) r(leneck) h(link) g(band) r(-) -150 3156
y(width) 30 b(and) f(the) h(propa) r(gation) g(delay) g(of) g(the) f
(netw) o(or) r(k.) 45 b(W) -7 b(e) -150 3260 y(also) 24
b(show) e(that) i(the) g(stab) r(ility) g(and) h(the) f(transi) r(ent) g
(state) g(per-) -150 3364 y(forman) r(ce) g(of) h(DCCP/RE) n(D) f(de) o
(grad) r(e) g(when) h(the) h(weight) f(of) -150 3468
y(the) g(e) o(xpone) r(ntial) g(weighte) r(d) e(mo) o(ving) i(a) n(v) o
(er) r(age) f(is) g(small.) 31 b(In) -150 3571 y(Section) 24
b(7,) e(we) g(propo) r(se) g(RED-IQI) f(by) i(add) r(ing) g(chang) r
(es) f(to) -150 3675 y(the) 33 b(func) r(tion) g(with) g(which) g(RED) e
(determin) r(es) i(the) g(pack) o(e) r(t) -150 3779 y(loss) h(proba) r
(bility) l(.) 56 b(W) -7 b(e) 32 b(then) h(anal) r(yze) g(the) g(tran) r
(sient) g(stat) r(e) -150 3883 y(perfo) r(rmance) 19
b(of) f(DCCP) n(/RED-IQI.) f(Finally) -6 b(,) 20 b(in) e(Section) h(8,)
-150 3987 y(we) k(concl) r(ude) h(this) g(paper) g(and) g(disc) r(uss) g
(future) h(w) o(orks.) p Fs -150 4292 a(2) 119 b(DCCP) 156
b(\(Datagram) e(Congestion) 29 4441 y(Contr) n(ol) 31
b(Pr) n(otocol\)) p Fv -150 4610 a(DCCP) 24 b(is) j(a) f(tran) r(sport)
i(layer) f(prot) r(ocol) g(desi) r(gned) g(for) g(real) r(-) -150
4714 y(time) e(applic) r(ation) r(s) f([6].) 33 b(The) 24
b(relia) r(ble) h(data) g(tran) r(sfer) g(is) g(not) -150
4817 y(guar) r(anteed) i(in) f(DCCP) -10 b(.) 24 b(Namely) -6
b(,) 26 b(e) n(v) o(en) g(if) g(a) g(pack) q(et) g(is) g(dis-) -150
4921 y(carde) r(d) e(in) h(the) g(netw) o(or) r(k,) f(a) h(sourc) r(e) f
(host) h(doe) r(s) f(not) h(retr) r(ans-) -150 5025 y(mit) e(a) g(lost)
h(pack) q(et.) 7 5131 y(In) h(DCCP) -10 b(,) 23 b(app) r(licatio) r(ns)
j(using) h(DCCP) c(can) j(choo) r(se) g(a) -150 5235
y(cong) r(estion) g(contro) r(l) e(mechan) r(ism) g(by) g(spec) r
(ifyin) r(g) g(the) g(con) r(-) -150 5338 y(gesti) r(on) 39
b(contr) r(ol) g(pro\002le.) 75 b(The) 39 b(iden) r(ti\002er) g(called)
h(CCID) -150 5442 y(\(Conge) r(stion) g(Contro) r(l) f(IDenti\002er\)) h
(is) g(assig) r(ned) g(to) f(eac) r(h) -150 5546 y(cong) r(estion) 25
b(contr) r(ol) e(pro\002le) h(sup) r(ported) h(by) e(DCCP) -10
b(.) 21 b(At) i(the) -150 5650 y(time) 37 b(of) g(conne) r(ction) h
(estab) r(lishmen) r(t,) h(sour) r(ce) e(and) g(desti) r(-) -150
5753 y(natio) r(n) 29 b(hos) r(ts) g(of) h(DCCP) e(e) o(xcha) r(nge) i
(infor) r(mation) g(on) g(sup) r(-) -150 5857 y(porte) r(d) 36
b(CCIDs,) i(and) f(ne) o(goti) r(ate) f(the) h(cong) r(estion) g(con) r
(trol) 2040 249 y(pro\002le) 20 b(used) g(durin) r(g) f(the) g(data) h
(tran) r(sfer) -5 b(.) 27 b(Moreo) q(v) o(er) l(,) 20
b(DCC) n(P) 2040 352 y(supp) r(orts) 32 b(ECN) e([24]) j(and) f(ECN) e
(Nonce) i([25) r(],) h(which) f(are) 2040 456 y(mechan) r(isms) 42
b(by) h(which) f(the) h(route) r(r) f(e) o(xplici) r(tly) g(noti) r
(\002es) 2040 560 y(the) 37 b(cong) r(estion) h(occur) r(rence) f(of) g
(the) g(sour) r(ce) f(host) r(.) 67 b(Cur) n(-) 2040
664 y(rentl) r(y) -6 b(,) 38 b(CCID2) c(\(TCP-lik) o(e) h(con) r
(gestio) r(n) g(cont) r(rol) g(pro) r(\002le\)) 2040
767 y(and) 46 b(CCID3) e(\(TFRC) g(conge) r(stion) i(con) r(trol) g
(pro\002le\)) g(are) 2040 871 y(supp) r(orted) 24 b(as) g(conge) r
(stion) g(con) r(trol) g(pro\002les) g([7,) f(8].) 2197
976 y(In) 41 b(the) i(TCP) n(-lik) q(e) e(con) r(gestio) r(n) g(con) r
(trol) h(pro\002le,) 47 b(the) 2040 1080 y(AIMD) 54 b(windo) n(w) h
(contr) r(ol) g(is) g(perfor) r(med) g(similarly) h(to) 2040
1183 y(TCP) 23 b([7].) 33 b(In) 25 b(the) g(AIMD) e(window) g(contr) r
(ol,) i(a) f(sour) r(ce) g(hos) r(t) 2040 1287 y(addi) r(ti) n(v) o
(ely) 36 b(incre) r(ases) g(the) g(windo) n(w) f(size) h(\(i.e.,) i
(the) e(num-) 2040 1391 y(ber) 29 b(of) f(pack) q(ets) h(that) g(can) g
(be) f(trans) r(mitted) h(in) f(a) g(rou) r(nd-tri) r(p) 2040
1495 y(time\)) 19 b(until) g(the) g(sou) r(rce) g(host) g(dete) r(cts) f
(net) r(w) o(ork) g(con) r(gestio) r(n.) 2040 1598 y(If) 26
b(the) g(netw) o(ork) h(cong) r(estion) g(is) f(detect) r(ed,) g(the) g
(sour) r(ce) f(hos) r(t) 2040 1702 y(multipl) r(icati) n(v) o(el) r(y) e
(decrea) r(ses) g(the) h(windo) n(w) e(size) r(.) 28
b(Ho) n(we) n(v) o(er) l(,) 2040 1806 y(the) e(TCP-lik) o(e) f(cong) r
(estion) i(contro) r(l) e(pro\002le) h(of) g(DCC) n(P) f(dif-) 2040
1910 y(fers) 42 b(from) g(TCP) d(cong) r(estio) r(n) i(contr) r(ol) g
(in) h(the) g(follo) n(win) r(g) 2040 2014 y(four) 24
b(poin) r(ts.) 2197 2118 y(First,) 51 b(the) 46 b(con) r(gestio) r(n) g
(contr) r(ol) g(of) g(DCCP) d(is) j(per-) 2040 2222 y(formed) 32
b(also) g(to) f(A) l(CK) e(pack) q(ets) i(from) g(a) g(dest) r(inatio) r
(n) f(hos) r(t) 2040 2326 y(to) d(a) f(sour) r(ce) h(host) g(usin) r(g)
f(the) p Ft 27 w(A) m(CK) g(Ratio) h(mec) o(hanis) r(m) p
Fv 25 w([7].) 2040 2429 y(The) 38 b(transmis) r(sion) h(rate) f(of) g
(A) l(CK) f(pack) o(e) r(ts) h(that) g(a) g(desti) r(-) 2040
2533 y(natio) r(n) 29 b(host) h(retu) r(rns) f(to) h(a) f(sourc) r(e) g
(host) h(is) f(dete) r(rmined) h(by) 2040 2637 y(the) e(A) l(CK) e
(Ratio.) 42 b(Speci\002cal) r(ly) -6 b(,) 28 b(when) g(the) g(A) l(CK) e
(Ratio) i(is) p Fr 2040 2741 a(R) p Fv 1 w(,) h(the) g(dest) r(inatio) r
(n) f(hos) r(t) g(of) h(DCCP) e(will) h(sen) r(d) g(one) i(A) l(CK) 2040
2845 y(pack) q(et) d(back) g(to) g(the) g(sou) r(rce) g(host) h(per) p
Fr 27 w(R) p Fv 27 w(data) f(pack) q(ets) g(re-) 2040
2948 y(cei) n(v) o(ed) d(from) g(a) f(sourc) r(e) g(host.) 2197
3053 y(Second,) 46 b(since) c(DCC) n(P) e(is) h(an) g(unre) r(liable) h
(trans) r(port) 2040 3157 y(layer) 37 b(protoc) r(ol,) h(a) d(sou) r
(rce) g(hos) r(t) g(of) g(DCCP) f(does) i(not) g(re-) 2040
3260 y(trans) r(mit) 22 b(a) g(pack) q(et) g([7].) 29
b(In) 23 b(the) g(conge) r(stion) g(con) r(trol) g(mech-) 2040
3364 y(anism) j(of) g(TCP) -12 b(,) 25 b(when) h(a) f(pack) o(e) r(t) g
(is) g(disc) r(arded) r(,) g(the) h(sourc) r(e) 2040
3468 y(host) 35 b(identi) r(\002es) e(whethe) r(r) g(it) g(is) h(a) g
(retran) r(smission) h(pack) q(et.) 2040 3572 y(Ho) n(we) n(v) o(er) l
(,) 23 b(such) h(pro) r(cedur) r(e) f(is) g(not) h(perfo) r(rmed) f(in)
h(DCCP) -12 b(.) 2197 3676 y(Third,) 27 b(a) g(desti) r(nation) h(host)
g(of) f(DCCP) d(can) k(notify) g(the) 2040 3780 y(caus) r(e) 41
b(of) i(a) f(pack) o(e) r(t) g(loss) h(of) f(a) g(sourc) r(e) g(host) h
([7].) 85 b(This) 2040 3884 y(is) 31 b(realiz) r(ed) g(by) g(the) p
Ft 31 w(Data) h(Dr) l(opped) g(optio) r(n) p Fv 31 w(contai) r(ned) f
(in) 2040 3988 y(A) l(CK) 21 b(pac) r(k) o(ets) i(from) g(a) g(desti) r
(nation) h(host) g(to) f(a) f(sou) r(rce) h(host.) 2040
4091 y(F) o(or) 29 b(insta) r(nce,) i(the) f(desti) r(natio) r(n) f
(host) h(can) h(notify) g(it) e(of) h(the) 2040 4195
y(sour) r(ce) i(host) h(wheth) r(er) f(the) h(pack) o(e) r(t) f(loss) h
(is) g(result) r(ed) f(from) 2040 4299 y(bit) 25 b(error) g(of) f(the) h
(transmis) r(sion) g(link) g(or) f(b) n(uf) n(fe) r(r) g(o) o(v) o
(er\003o) n(w) f(at) 2040 4403 y(the) h(desti) r(nation) h(host.) 2197
4507 y(F) o(ourth,) c(the) g(TCP-lik) o(e) g(cong) r(estion) h(cont) r
(rol) f(pro\002le) g(of) 2040 4611 y(DCCP) d(does) j(not) g(perfo) r
(rm) e(the) i(\003o) n(w) d(con) r(trol;) k(i.e.,) e(only) h(the) 2040
4715 y(AIMD) f(windo) n(w) h(con) r(trol) g(is) h(perfo) r(rmed.) 28
b(The) 21 b(b) n(uf) n(fer) h(man-) 2040 4819 y(agemen) r(t) j(of) h(a)
f(desti) r(natio) r(n) g(host,) i(which) f(is) f(per) r(formed) h(by)
2040 4922 y(TCP) j(cong) r(estion) j(contr) r(ol) e(mecha) r(nism) h
(using) h(the) f(adv) o(er-) 2040 5026 y(tisin) r(g) 23
b(windo) n(w) -6 b(,) 23 b(is) g(not) h(perf) r(ormed) g(in) f(DCCP) -10
b(.) 2197 5131 y(On) 40 b(the) h(con) r(trary) -6 b(,) 46
b(in) 41 b(the) g(TFRC) e(cong) r(estio) r(n) h(con) r(-) 2040
5235 y(trol) 29 b(pro\002le,) g(TCP-friendly) g(cong) r(estio) r(n) e
(con) r(trol) h(that) h(can) 2040 5338 y(f) o(airl) r(y) i(share) h
(band) r(width) f(with) h(competin) r(g) f(TCP) e(con) r(ges-) 2040
5442 y(tion) 39 b(cont) r(rol) f(is) g(perf) r(ormed,) k(a) n(v) n(o) r
(iding) d(v) n(aria) r(tion) g(of) f(the) 2040 5546 y(pack) q(et) 22
b(transmis) r(sion) g(rate) h([8].) 28 b(In) 22 b(DCCP) e(with) h(the) i
(TFR) n(C) 2040 5650 y(cong) r(estion) 34 b(cont) r(rol) f(pro\002le,) i
(con) r(gestio) r(n) d(con) r(trol) h(is) g(pri-) 2040
5753 y(marily) j(per) r(formed) g(at) g(a) g(destin) r(ation) h(host.)
66 b(Namely) -6 b(,) 39 b(in) 2040 5857 y(DCCP) c(with) j(the) f(TFRC) e
(con) r(gestio) r(n) i(cont) r(rol) g(pro\002le) r(,) j(a) p
dyy eop end
%%Page: 4 4
TeXDict begin 4 3 bop -150 1078 a @beginspecial 2 @llx
583 @lly 434 @urx 822 @ury 2434 @rwi 1094 @rhi @setspecial
%%BeginDocument: figure/model.eps
%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
%%BoundingBox: 2 583 434 822
%%Title: model
%%CreationDate: Thu Jun  2 03:37:31 2005
%%Creator: Tgif-4.1.43-QPL written by William Chia-Wei Cheng (bill.cheng@acm.org)
%%ProducedBy: (unknown)
%%Pages: 1
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%EndComments
%%BeginProlog

/tgifdict 86 dict def
tgifdict begin

/tgifarrowtipdict 8 dict def
tgifarrowtipdict /mtrx matrix put

/TGAT % tgifarrowtip
 { tgifarrowtipdict begin
      /dy exch def
      /dx exch def
      /h exch def
      /w exch def
      /y exch def
      /x exch def
      /savematrix mtrx currentmatrix def
      x y translate
      dy dx atan rotate
      0 0 moveto
      w neg h lineto
      w neg h neg lineto
      savematrix setmatrix
   end
 } def

/tgifpatdict 10 dict def

/tgifpatbyte
 { currentdict /retstr get exch
   pat i cellsz mod get put
 } def

/tgifpatproc
 { 0 1 widthlim {tgifpatbyte} for retstr
   /i i 1 add def
 } def

/TGPF % tgifpatfill
 { tgifpatdict begin
      /h exch def
      /w exch def
      /lty exch def
      /ltx exch def
      /cellsz exch def
      /pat exch def

      /widthlim w cellsz div cvi 1 sub def
      /retstr widthlim 1 add string def
      /i 0 def

      tgiforigctm setmatrix
      ltx lty translate
      w h true [1 0 0 1 0 0] {tgifpatproc} imagemask
      ltx neg lty neg translate
   end
 } def

/pat3 <8000000008000000> def
/pat4 <8800000022000000> def
/pat5 <8800220088002200> def
/pat6 <8822882288228822> def
/pat7 <aa55aa55aa55aa55> def
/pat8 <77dd77dd77dd77dd> def
/pat9 <77ffddff77ffddff> def
/pat10 <77ffffff77ffffff> def
/pat11 <7fffffff7fffffff> def
/pat12 <8040200002040800> def
/pat13 <40a00000040a0000> def
/pat14 <ff888888ff888888> def
/pat15 <ff808080ff080808> def
/pat16 <f87422478f172271> def
/pat17 <038448300c020101> def
/pat18 <081c22c180010204> def
/pat19 <8080413e080814e3> def
/pat20 <8040201008040201> def
/pat21 <8844221188442211> def
/pat22 <77bbddee77bbddee> def
/pat23 <c1e070381c0e0783> def
/pat24 <7fbfdfeff7fbfdfe> def
/pat25 <3e1f8fc7e3f1f87c> def
/pat26 <0102040810204080> def
/pat27 <1122448811224488> def
/pat28 <eeddbb77eeddbb77> def
/pat29 <83070e1c3870e0c1> def
/pat30 <fefdfbf7efdfbf7f> def
/pat31 <7cf8f1e3c78f1f3e> def

/TGMAX
 { exch dup 3 1 roll exch dup 3 1 roll gt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse
 } def
/TGMIN
 { exch dup 3 1 roll exch dup 3 1 roll lt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse
 } def
/TGSW { stringwidth pop } def

/bd { bind def } bind def

/GS { gsave } bd
/GR { grestore } bd
/NP { newpath } bd
/CP { closepath } bd
/CHP { charpath } bd
/CT { curveto } bd
/L { lineto } bd
/RL { rlineto } bd
/M { moveto } bd
/RM { rmoveto } bd
/S { stroke } bd
/F { fill } bd
/TR { translate } bd
/RO { rotate } bd
/SC { scale } bd
/MU { mul } bd
/DI { div } bd
/DU { dup } bd
/NE { neg } bd
/AD { add } bd
/SU { sub } bd
/PO { pop } bd
/EX { exch } bd
/CO { concat } bd
/CL { clip } bd
/EC { eoclip } bd
/EF { eofill } bd
/IM { image } bd
/IMM { imagemask } bd
/ARY { array } bd
/SG { setgray } bd
/RG { setrgbcolor } bd
/SD { setdash } bd
/W { setlinewidth } bd
/SM { setmiterlimit } bd
/SLC { setlinecap } bd
/SLJ { setlinejoin } bd
/SH { show } bd
/FF { findfont } bd
/MS { makefont setfont } bd
/AR { arcto 4 {pop} repeat } bd
/CURP { currentpoint } bd
/FLAT { flattenpath strokepath clip newpath } bd
/TGSM { tgiforigctm setmatrix } def
/TGRM { savematrix setmatrix } def

end

%%EndProlog
%%Page: 1 1

%%PageBoundingBox: 2 583 434 822
tgifdict begin
/tgifsavedpage save def

1 SM
1 W

0 SG

72 0 MU 72 11.602 MU TR
72 128 DI 100.000 MU 100 DI DU NE SC

GS

/tgiforigctm matrix currentmatrix def

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   167 292 TR
   [0.707 0.707 0.707 -0.707 -12 31] CO
   167 NE 292 NE TR
GS
   NP
      207 278 M
      153 411 L
   TGSM
   4 W
   S
   1 W
GR
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      180 130 M
      220 220 L
   TGSM
   4 W
   S
   1 W
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 220 195 M 330 195 L 330 275 L 220 275 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 220 195 M 330 195 L 330 275 L 220 275 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      275 230 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (RED) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (RED) SH
      GR
      0 30 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (router) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (router) SH
      GR
   GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 30 310 M 179 310 L 179 375 L 30 375 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 30 310 M 179 310 L 179 375 L 30 375 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      100 340 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (DCCP) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (DCCP) SH
      GR
      0 29 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (source) TGSW 
        AD
            /Helvetica-Oblique FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            ( N) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (source) SH
            0 SG
            /Helvetica-Oblique FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            ( N) SH
      GR
   GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 30 110 M 179 110 L 179 175 L 30 175 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 30 110 M 179 110 L 179 175 L 30 175 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      330 240 M
      480 240 L
   TGSM
   3 W
   S
   1 W
GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      100 140 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (DCCP) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (DCCP) SH
      GR
      0 29 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            ( source) TGSW 
        AD
            /Helvetica FF [14 0 0 -14 0 0] MS
            ( ) TGSW 
        AD
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (1) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            ( source) SH
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [14 0 0 -14 0 0] MS
            ( ) SH
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (1) SH
      GR
   GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   [4 4] 0 SD
   NP
      100 240 M
      100 295 L
   TGSM
   6 W
   S
   [] 0 SD
   1 W
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      335 240 M
      460 240 L
      465 240 L
   CP EC NP
   pat7 8 328 232 144 16 TGPF
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   [4 4] 0 SD
   NP
      680 200 M
      680 295 L
   TGSM
   6 W
   S
   [] 0 SD
   1 W
GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      430 300 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (bottleneck link bandwidth: ) TGSW 
        AD
            /Symbol FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (m) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (bottleneck link bandwidth: ) SH
            0 SG
            /Symbol FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (m) SH
      GR
   GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      100 100 M
      700 100 L
   TGSM
   3 W
   S
   1 W
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      700 100 M
      700 70 L
      460 70 L
   TGSM
   3 W
   S
   1 W
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      470 70 M
      0 -370 atan DU cos 12.000 MU 100 exch SU
      exch sin 12.000 MU 70 exch SU L
   TGSM
   3 W
   S
   1 W
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      100 70 12.000 5.000 -370 0 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      620 130 M
      580 220 L
   TGSM
   4 W
   S
   1 W
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   659 292 TR
   [-0.707 0.707 -0.707 -0.707 -12 31] CO
   659 NE 292 NE TR
GS
   NP
      699 292 M
      659 382 L
   TGSM
   4 W
   S
   1 W
GR
GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 620 110 M 769 110 L 769 175 L 620 175 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 620 110 M 769 110 L 769 175 L 620 175 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      695 140 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (DCCP) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (DCCP) SH
      GR
      0 29 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (destination) TGSW 
        AD
            /Helvetica FF [14 0 0 -14 0 0] MS
            ( ) TGSW 
        AD
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (1) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (destination) SH
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [14 0 0 -14 0 0] MS
            ( ) SH
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (1) SH
      GR
   GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 620 310 M 769 310 L 769 375 L 620 375 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 620 310 M 769 310 L 769 375 L 620 375 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      695 340 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (DCCP) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (DCCP) SH
      GR
      0 29 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (destination) TGSW 
        AD
            /Helvetica FF [14 0 0 -14 0 0] MS
            ( ) TGSW 
        AD
            /Helvetica-Oblique FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (N) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (destination) SH
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [14 0 0 -14 0 0] MS
            ( ) SH
            0 SG
            /Helvetica-Oblique FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (N) SH
      GR
   GR

% BOX
0 SG
NP 475 195 M 585 195 L 585 275 L 475 275 L CP 1 SG F
   0 SG
GS
   10 SM
   GS
      NP 475 195 M 585 195 L 585 275 L 475 275 L CP
      S
   GR
GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      530 230 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (RED) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (RED) SH
      GR
      0 30 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (router) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (router) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      310 140 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (DCCP output: ) TGSW 
        AD
            /Helvetica-Oblique FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (y\(k\)) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (DCCP output: ) SH
            0 SG
            /Helvetica-Oblique FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (y\(k\)) SH
      GR
   GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      420 210 M
      0 -70 atan DU cos 8.000 MU exch sin 8.000 MU RM
      350 210 L
   TGSM
   1 W
   S
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      420 210 8.000 3.000 70 0 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      190 110 M
      60 30 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 220 exch SU
      exch sin 8.000 MU 170 exch SU L
   TGSM
   1 W
   S
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      220 170 8.000 3.000 30 60 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      210 239 M
      -60 -30 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 180 exch SU
      exch sin 8.000 MU 179 exch SU L
   TGSM
   1 W
   S
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      180 179 8.000 3.000 -30 -60 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      100 220 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (DCCP input: ) TGSW 
        AD
            /Helvetica-Oblique FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (x\(k\)) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (DCCP input: ) SH
            0 SG
            /Helvetica-Oblique FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (x\(k\)) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      400 190 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (RED output: ) TGSW 
        AD
            /Helvetica-Oblique FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (y\(k\)) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (RED output: ) SH
            0 SG
            /Helvetica-Oblique FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (y\(k\)) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      300 330 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (RED input: ) TGSW 
        AD
            /Helvetica-Oblique FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (x\(k\)) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (RED input: ) SH
            0 SG
            /Helvetica-Oblique FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (x\(k\)) SH
      GR
   GR

% POLY/OPEN-SPLINE
0 SG
GS
   NP
      200 350 M
      -60 20 atan DU cos 8.000 MU 220 exch SU
      exch sin 8.000 MU 290 exch SU L
   TGSM
   1 W
   S
GR
GS
   TGSM
   NP
      220 290 8.000 3.000 20 -60 TGAT
   CP F
GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      450 370 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (RED control parameters: ) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (RED control parameters: ) SH
      GR
      0 30 RM
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica-Oblique FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (maxp, wq, minth, maxth) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica-Oblique FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (maxp, wq, minth, maxth) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      420 440 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (RED buffer size: ) TGSW 
        AD
            /Helvetica-Oblique FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (L) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (RED buffer size: ) SH
            0 SG
            /Helvetica-Oblique FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (L) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      485 50 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Symbol FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (t) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Symbol FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (t) SH
      GR
   GR

% TEXT
NP
0 SG
   GS
      1 W
      380 50 M
      GS
        GS
        0
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (propagation delay:) TGSW 
        AD
        GR
      2 DI NE 0 RM
            0 SG
            /Helvetica FF [24 0 0 -24 0 0] MS
            (propagation delay:) SH
      GR
   GR

GR
tgifsavedpage restore
end
showpage

%%Trailer
%MatchingCreationDate: Thu Jun  2 03:37:31 2005
%%DocumentFonts: Symbol
%%+ Helvetica-Oblique
%%+ Helvetica
%%EOF

%%EndDocument
@endspecial Fv 364 1273 a(Figure) 24 b(1:) 29 b(Analyti) r(c) 23
b(model) -150 1652 y(desti) r(natio) r(n) 41 b(host) i(detec) r(ts) e
(net) r(w) o(ork) h(conge) r(stion) r(,) j(and) d(it) -150
1756 y(is) i(noti) r(\002ed) f(of) h(a) g(sou) r(rce) g(host.) 91
b(The) 44 b(sou) r(rce) g(host) h(ad-) -150 1860 y(justs) 31
b(the) f(pack) q(et) g(trans) r(mission) h(rate) f(from) g(a) g(sourc) r
(e) f(hos) r(t) -150 1964 y(base) r(d) 22 b(on) h(the) h(conge) r
(stion) g(infor) r(mation) f(\(e.g.,) g(pack) q(et) g(loss) -150
2067 y(e) n(v) o(ent) 40 b(rate\)) h(noti\002ed) f(from) g(the) g
(desti) r(nation) h(host.) 78 b(The) -150 2171 y(TFRC) 46
b(cong) r(estion) j(con) r(trol) g(pro\002le) g(of) f(DCCP) e(dif) n
(fer) r(s) -150 2275 y(from) 22 b(TFRC) e(con) r(gestio) r(n) i(cont) r
(rol) g(in) h(the) f(foll) r(o) n(wing) g(poi) r(nt.) 7
2380 y(In) 32 b(the) h(TFRC) d(con) r(gestio) r(n) i(cont) r(rol) h
(pro\002le,) i(a) d(desti) r(-) -150 2484 y(natio) r(n) c(host) h(can) g
(noti) r(fy) f(the) h(cause) g(of) g(a) f(pack) q(et) g(loss) h(of) g
(a) -150 2587 y(sour) r(ce) 24 b(host) h([8].) 32 b(This) 24
b(is) h(realize) r(d) f(similarl) r(y) g(to) g(the) h(TCP-) -150
2691 y(lik) o(e) 20 b(conge) r(stion) g(contr) r(ol) f(pro\002le) g
(usin) r(g) g(the) g(Data) g(Droppe) r(d) -150 2795 y(optio) r(n) k
(cont) r(ained) h(in) g(A) l(CK) e(pack) o(e) r(ts.) p
Fs -150 3094 a(3) 119 b(Modeling) 31 b(DCCP) g(and) g(RED) p
Fv -150 3261 a(In) 43 b(this) g(pap) r(er) l(,) k(we) 42
b(model) i(DCCP) c(con) r(gestio) r(n) i(con) r(trol) -150
3364 y(mechan) r(ism) k(and) h(RED) d(as) i(ind) r(epend) r(ent) g
(disc) r(rete-t) r(ime) -150 3468 y(syste) r(ms) 52 b(with) h(a) g
(time) g(slot) h(of) p Fq 53 w(\001) p Fv(.) 116 b(W) -7
b(e) 52 b(model) i(the) -150 3572 y(entir) r(e) 44 b(netw) o(o) r(rk) h
(as) g(a) f(sing) r(le) h(feedb) r(ack) g(syst) r(em) f(where) -150
3676 y(DCCP) g(conn) r(ection) r(s) i(and) h(RED) d(rout) r(ers) i(are)
h(interc) r(on-) -150 3779 y(necte) r(d.) 32 b(First,) 25
b(we) f(model) i(the) f(cong) r(estio) r(n) f(cont) r(rol) h(mech-) -150
3883 y(anism) k(of) f(DCCP) e(as) i(a) g(discre) r(te-time) h(system,) g
(where) g(the) -150 3987 y(inpu) r(t) 37 b(is) g(the) g(pac) r(k) o(et)
g(arriv) n(al) g(rate) h(at) f(a) g(desti) r(nation) h(hos) r(t) -150
4091 y(and) 30 b(the) f(outpu) r(t) f(is) h(the) h(pack) o(e) r(t) e
(tran) r(smission) i(rate) g(from) f(a) -150 4195 y(sour) r(ce) f
(host.) 43 b(Ne) o(xt,) 28 b(we) g(model) g(RED) f(as) h(a) f(disc) r
(rete-t) r(ime) -150 4298 y(syste) r(m,) h(where) g(the) g(inpu) r(t) f
(is) h(the) h(pack) o(e) r(t) e(arri) n(val) g(rate) i(and) -150
4402 y(the) 24 b(outpu) r(t) f(is) g(the) h(pack) q(et) f(tran) r
(smission) i(rate.) 7 4507 y(Figure) 37 b(1) g(sho) n(ws) g(the) h
(analy) r(tic) f(model) h(used) g(in) f(this) -150 4611
y(pape) r(r) -5 b(.) p Fr 46 w(N) p Fv 38 w(DCCP) 28
b(conne) r(ctions) i(sha) r(re) f(the) h(singl) r(e) f(bottle) r(-) -150
4715 y(neck) d(link) r(.) 33 b(All) 25 b(DCCP) e(con) r(nectio) r(ns') i
(tw) o(o-w) o(ay) h(pro) r(paga-) -150 4818 y(tion) 34
b(delay) r(s) f(are) g(equa) r(l,) i(which) e(are) h(deno) r(ted) f(by)
p Fr 33 w(\034) p Fv 10 w(.) 58 b(The) -150 4922 y(bottl) r(eneck) 22
b(link) f(ban) r(dwidth) g(is) g(deno) r(ted) g(by) p
Fr 21 w(\026) p Fv(.) 27 b(W) -7 b(e) 20 b(denot) r(e) -150
5026 y(four) 26 b(con) r(trol) g(para) r(meters) g(of) g(RED) e(by) p
Fr 25 w(max) p Fp 1336 5040 a(p) p Fv 1401 5026 a(\(maximum) -150
5130 y(pack) q(et) 43 b(loss) h(prob) r(abili) r(ty\),) p
Fr 48 w(max) p Fp 993 5145 a(th) p Fv 1106 5130 a(\(maximum) g(thresh) r
(-) -150 5233 y(old\),) p Fr 28 w(min) p Fp 212 5248
a(th) p Fv 307 5233 a(\(minimu) r(m) 25 b(thres) r(hold\)) r(,) h(and) p
Fr 27 w(w) p Fp 1357 5247 a(q) p Fv 1421 5233 a(\(weight) h(of) -150
5337 y(e) o(xpon) r(entia) r(l) d(weigh) r(ted) h(mo) o(ving) h(a) n(v)
o(er) r(age\).) 35 b(Furthermo) r(re,) -150 5441 y(RED) 27
b(b) n(u) r(f) n(fer) i(size) h(is) f(den) r(oted) h(by) p
Fr 29 w(L) p Fv(.) 46 b(T) -7 b(able) 29 b(1) g(shows) f(the) -150
5545 y(de\002niti) r(on) 23 b(of) h(symbols) h(used) f(in) f(this) h
(ana) r(lysis.) 7 5650 y(In) 39 b(this) h(analys) r(is,) j(we) 38
b(intro) r(duce) i(a) f(conce) r(pt) g(of) p Ft 39 w(the) -150
5753 y(pac) n(k) q(et) 29 b(arriva) r(l) f(r) o(ate) h(at) g(a) f(des) r
(tinati) r(on) h(host) p Fv 29 w(noti) r(\002ed) f(of) h(a) -150
5857 y(sour) r(ce) 19 b(host) h(by) f(A) l(CK) e(pac) r(k) o(ets,) j
(to) f(unif) r(y) g(the) g(inpu) r(t) f(and) i(the) 2458
302 y(T) -7 b(able) 23 b(1:) 29 b(De\002nition) c(of) e(symbo) r(ls) p
2040 334 2051 4 v Fo 2737 403 a(netw) o(ork) c(parame) n(ters) p
2040 436 V Fn 2168 506 a(N) p Fo 187 w(num) n(ber) h(of) g(DCCP) i
(conn) n(ections) p Fn 2183 606 a(\034) p Fo 203 w(tw) o(o-w) o(ay) d
(propa) n(gation) g(delay) h(of) g(DCCP) h(connectio) n(n) p
Fn 2181 705 a(\026) p Fo 191 w(bottlen) n(eck) f(link) g(bandwid) n(th)
p Fn 2178 805 a(L) p Fo 187 w(b) n(uf) n(f) n(er) h(size) f(of) g(RED) h
(router) p Fm 2171 905 a(\001) p Fo 182 w(time) f(slot) p
2040 938 V 2764 1008 a(DCCP) i(param) n(eters) p 2040
1041 V Fn 2120 1111 a(w) p Fm 2 w(\() p Fn(k) p Fm 3
w(\)) p Fo 131 w(windo) l(w) f(size) g(of) f(CCID2) p
Fn 2114 1210 a(t) p Fl 2144 1222 a(RT) 9 b(O) p Fo 2422
1210 a(retran) n(smission) 21 b(timer) f(of) g(CCID2) p
Fn 2112 1310 a(p) p Fl 2154 1322 a(e) p Fm 2189 1310
a(\() p Fn(k) p Fm 3 w(\)) p Fo 123 w(pack) o(et) f(loss) i(e) n(v) o
(ent) f(rate) g(of) g(CCID3) p Fn 2119 1409 a(R) p Fm
1 w(\() p Fn(k) p Fm 3 w(\)) p Fo 129 w(rou) n(nd-trip) f(time) p
2040 1443 V 2790 1512 a(RED) i(para) n(meters) p 2040
1546 V Fn 2105 1615 a(max) p Fl 2269 1627 a(p) p Fo 2422
1615 a(maxim) n(um) f(pack) o(et) g(loss) h(pro) n(bability) p
Fn 2096 1715 a(min) p Fl 2248 1727 a(th) p Fo 2422 1715
a(minimu) n(m) f(threshold) p Fn 2090 1815 a(max) p Fl
2254 1827 a(th) p Fo 2422 1815 a(maxim) n(um) g(threshold) p
Fn 2158 1914 a(w) p Fl 2217 1926 a(q) p Fo 2422 1914
a(weight) g(of) f(e) o(xpon) n(ential) h(weighted) f(mo) o(vin) n(g) i
(a) n(v) o(era) n(ge) p Fn 2131 2014 a(q) p Fm 3 w(\() p
Fn(k) p Fm 3 w(\)) p Fo 141 w(curr) n(ent) g(queu) n(e) g(length) p
2131 2068 41 4 v Fn 2131 2113 a(q) p Fm 3 w(\() p Fn(k) p
Fm 3 w(\)) p Fo 141 w(a) n(v) o(erag) n(e) g(queu) n(e) g(length) p
Fn 2130 2213 a(p) p Fm(\() p Fn(k) p Fm 3 w(\)) p Fo
140 w(pack) o(et) e(loss) i(prob) n(ability) p Fv 2040
2483 a(outp) r(ut) e(of) h(the) g(models) g(to) g(the) g(pack) q(et) f
(arriv) n(al/tran) r(smissio) r(n) 2040 2587 y(rate.) 45
b(Since) 29 b(info) r(rmation) g(on) g(the) g(arriv) n(al) f(statu) r
(s) g(of) h(pack) r(-) 2040 2690 y(ets) h(at) h(a) e(des) r(tinati) r
(on) h(host) h(is) f(inclu) r(ded) h(in) f(A) l(CK) f(pack) o(e) r(ts,)
2040 2794 y(a) e(sou) r(rce) g(hos) r(t) g(can) h(estimat) r(e) f(the) h
(pack) q(et) f(arri) n(val) g(rate) h(at) g(a) 2040 2898
y(desti) r(natio) r(n) 23 b(host.) 2197 3002 y(In) k(this) g(ana) r
(lysis,) h(we) f(assume) h(the) f(followings;) i(sinc) r(e) 2040
3105 y(DCCP) d(is) j(mainly) h(used) f(for) g(real) r(-time) f(app) r
(licati) r(ons,) i(it) e(is) 2040 3209 y(assu) r(med) i(that) i(a) e
(sourc) r(e) g(hos) r(t) g(al) o(w) o(ays) i(has) f(data) g(to) g
(trans) r(-) 2040 3313 y(fer) -5 b(.) 45 b(When) 30 b(the) f(pack) q
(et) g(loss) g(pro) r(babili) r(ty) g(of) g(the) g(netw) o(or) r(k) 2040
3417 y(is) i(small) h(and) f(DCCP) e(con) r(gestio) r(n) i(contr) r(ol)
g(w) o(orks) h(appro) r(-) 2040 3521 y(priat) r(ely) -6
b(,) 31 b(DCCP) c(oper) r(ates) j(in) f(the) h(con) r(gestio) r(n) f(a)
n(v) n(o) r(idanc) r(e) 2040 3624 y(phas) r(e.) 54 b(Therefo) r(re,) 34
b(DCCP) c(with) i(the) g(TCP-lik) o(e) g(con) r(ges-) 2040
3728 y(tion) e(cont) r(rol) f(pro) r(\002le) f(is) i(assumed) h(to) e
(oper) r(ate) g(in) h(the) f(con) r(-) 2040 3832 y(gesti) r(on) 23
b(a) n(v) n(o) r(idan) r(ce) g(phas) r(e.) 2197 3936
y(First,) 47 b(we) 42 b(model) h(chan) r(ge) f(of) h(the) g(DCCP) d
(window) 2040 4039 y(size.) 30 b(The) 23 b(pack) q(et) g(los) r(s) g
(proba) r(bility) i(in) e(the) h(net) r(w) o(ork) f(is) h(de-) 2040
4143 y(note) r(d) g(by) p Fr 24 w(p) p Fv(,) g(and) h(the) g(DCC) n(P) f
(windo) n(w) g(size) h(is) g(denot) r(ed) f(by) p Fr
2040 4247 a(w) p Fv 2 w(.) k(Change) c(of) e(the) h(DCCP) d(window) h
(size) i(is) g(gi) n(v) o(en) g(by) g([26]) p Fr 2079
4448 a(w) p Fu 85 w( ) p Fr 83 w(w) p Fq 23 w(+) d(\(1) p
Fu 21 w(\000) p Fr 20 w(p) p Fq(\)) 2876 4386 y(1) p
2865 4426 68 4 v Fr 2865 4510 a(w) p Fu 2963 4448 a(\000) p
Fr 20 w(p) p Fq 15 w(\(1) p Fu 21 w(\000) p Fr 19 w(p) p
Fp 3352 4462 a(T) 10 b(O) p Fq 3463 4448 a(\() p Fr(w) r(;) 15
b(p) p Fq(\)\)) 3748 4386 y(1) p 3748 4426 46 4 v 3748
4510 a(2) 3813 4386 y(4) p Fr 15 w(w) p 3813 4426 129
4 v Fq 3854 4510 a(3) p Fu 2403 4673 a(\000) p Fr(p) g(p) p
Fp 2581 4687 a(T) 10 b(O) p Fq 2691 4673 a(\() p Fr(w) r(;) 15
b(p) p Fq(\)) p Fk 2929 4554 a(\022) p Fq 3002 4611 a(4) p
Fr 15 w(w) p Fq 2 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p 3002 4652
250 4 v 3104 4735 a(3) p Fu 3281 4673 a(\000) p Fq 20
w(1) p Fk 3417 4554 a(\023) p Fr 3494 4673 a(;) p Fv
2040 4879 a(where) p Fr 23 w(p) p Fp 2330 4893 a(T) 10
b(O) p Fq 2440 4879 a(\() p Fr(w) r(;) 15 b(p) p Fq(\)) p
Fv 23 w(is) 22 b(the) g(pro) r(babili) r(ty) g(that) h(DCCP) d(detect) r
(s) 2040 4982 y(the) 33 b(pac) r(k) o(et) g(loss) h(by) f(the) h
(timeout) g(mechan) r(ism) f(when) g(the) 2040 5086 y(windo) n(w) i
(size) h(is) p Fr 35 w(w) p Fv 37 w(and) g(the) f(pack) q(et) g(loss) h
(prob) r(ability) g(is) p Fr 2040 5190 a(p) p Fv 22 w([27) r(]:) p
Fr 2040 5346 a(p) p Fp 2086 5360 a(T) 10 b(O) p Fq 2196
5346 a(\() p Fr(w) r(;) 15 b(p) p Fq(\)) 27 b(=) 2216
5478 y(\(1) p Fu 21 w(\000) p Fq 20 w(\(1) p Fu 21 w(\000) p
Fr 20 w(p) p Fq(\)) p Fj 2681 5445 a(3) p Fq 2720 5478
a(\)) 15 b(\(1) 22 b(+) e(\(1) p Fu 21 w(\000) p Fr 20
w(p) p Fq(\)) p Fj 3236 5445 a(3) p Fq 3290 5478 a(\(1) p
Fu 21 w(\000) p Fq 20 w(\(1) p Fu 21 w(\000) p Fr 20
w(p) p Fq(\)) p Fp 3755 5445 a(w) p Fi 2 w(\000) p Fj(3) p
Fq 3902 5478 a(\)\)) p 2216 5518 1757 4 v 2816 5602 a(\(1) p
Fu 21 w(\000) p Fq 20 w(\(1) p Fu 21 w(\000) p Fr 20
w(p) p Fq(\)) p Fp 3281 5575 a(w) p Fq 3337 5602 a(\)) p
Fr 3983 5539 a(:) 2040 5753 y(p) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq
3 w(\)) p Fv 25 w(is) 25 b(de\002ned) h(as) f(the) h(pack) o(e) r(t) f
(loss) h(proba) r(bility) g(at) f(slot) p Fr 26 w(k) p
Fv 2040 5857 a(in) k(the) f(net) r(w) o(ork,) p Fr 29
w(R) p Fq 1 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 29 w(the) h(DCC) n(P) f
(round) r(-trip) h(time,) h(and) p dyy eop end
%%Page: 5 5
TeXDict begin 5 4 bop Fr -150 249 a(w) p Fq 2 w(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 26 w(the) 25 b(DCCP) e(windo) n(w) h(size) r(.)
32 b(The) 25 b(pack) o(e) r(t) f(loss) i(proba) r(-) -150
352 y(bilit) r(y) g(of) h(the) g(netw) o(ork) g(tha) r(t) f(a) g(sour) r
(ce) g(hos) r(t) g(detec) r(ts) g(at) h(slot) p Fr -150
474 a(k) p Fv 25 w(is) c(gi) n(v) o(en) h(by) p Fr 23
w(p) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fu 21 w(\000) p Fp 586 430 a(R) p
Fj(\() p Fp(k) p Fj 2 w(\)) p 586 453 147 4 v 630 506
a(\001) p Fq 743 474 a(\)) p Fv(.) k(Suppo) r(se) 22
b(tha) r(t) g(A) l(CK) f(pack) q(ets) -150 578 y(are) g(not) h(disca) r
(rded) f(due) h(to) f(cong) r(estion) h(on) f(the) h(path) g(from) f(a)
-150 682 y(desti) r(natio) r(n) g(host) h(to) f(a) g(sour) r(ce) g
(host,) h(the) g(A) l(CK) e(Ratio) h(v) n(alu) r(e) -150
786 y(con) l(v) q(er) n(ge) r(s) 34 b(to) i(1) f([7].) 64
b(Hence,) 38 b(the) e(DCCP) d(windo) n(w) i(size) p Fr
-150 890 a(w) p Fq 2 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 24 w(+) 20 b(1\)) p
Fv 24 w(at) j(slot) p Fr 24 w(k) p Fq 24 w(+) c(1) p
Fv 24 w(is) k(appr) r(oximatel) r(y) g(gi) n(v) o(en) h(by) p
Fr 26 1209 a(w) p Fq 2 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 24 w(+) c(1\)) p
Fu 26 w(') p Fr 25 w(w) p Fq 2 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) h(+) p
Fr 806 1148 a(w) p Fq 2 w(\() p Fr(\016) p Fq 3 w(\)) p
801 1188 191 4 v Fr 801 1272 a(R) p Fq 1 w(\() p Fr(k) p
Fq 3 w(\)) 1017 1209 y(\001) p Fk 1093 1115 a(n) p Fq
1148 1209 a(\(1) p Fu 21 w(\000) p Fr 20 w(p) p Fq(\() p
Fr(\016) p Fq 3 w(\)\)) 1617 1148 y(1) p 1544 1188 189
4 v Fr 1544 1272 a(w) p Fq 2 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p
Fu 192 1457 a(\000) p Fr(p) p Fq(\() p Fr(\016) p Fq
3 w(\)\(1) p Fu 22 w(\000) p Fr 20 w(p) p Fp 661 1471
a(T) 10 b(O) p Fq 771 1457 a(\() p Fr(w) p Fq 2 w(\() p
Fr(\016) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fr(;) 15 b(p) p Fq(\() p Fr(\016) p
Fq 3 w(\)\)\)) 1265 1396 y(2) p Fr 15 w(w) p Fq 2 w(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p 1265 1436 250 4 v 1371 1520 a(3) p
Fu 192 1682 a(\000) p Fr(p) p Fq(\() p Fr(\016) p Fq
3 w(\)) p Fr 15 w(p) p Fp 483 1696 a(T) 10 b(O) p Fq
594 1682 a(\() p Fr(w) p Fq 2 w(\() p Fr(\016) p Fq 3
w(\)) p Fr(;) 15 b(p) p Fq(\() p Fr(\016) p Fq 3 w(\)\)\() 1088
1621 y(4) p Fr 15 w(w) p Fq 2 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 4 w(\)) p
1088 1661 V 1195 1745 a(3) p Fu 1372 1682 a(\000) p Fq
20 w(1\)) p Fk 1543 1588 a(o) p Fr 1599 1682 a(;) p Fv
70 w(\(1\)) -150 1899 y(where) p Fr 24 w(\016) p Fu 29
w(\021) p Fr 25 w(k) p Fu 23 w(\000) p Fr 20 w(R) p Fq
1 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fr(=) p Fq(\001) p Fv(.) 7
2003 y(The) 27 b(pack) q(et) h(arri) n(v) n(al) h(rate) f(at) g(a) f
(dest) r(inatio) r(n) g(hos) r(t) p Fr 27 w(x) p Fq(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv -150 2107 a(is) 21 b(deter) r(mined) g(by) h
(the) f(past) h(pack) q(et) f(trans) r(mission) h(rate) g(of) f(a) -150
2211 y(sour) r(ce) j(host) h(and) g(the) g(past) g(pac) r(k) o(et) f
(los) r(s) g(proba) r(bility) h(in) g(the) -150 2314
y(netw) o(or) r(k,) p Fr 22 w(y) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(\016) p
Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 25 w(and) p Fr 24 w(p) p Fq(\() p Fr(\016) p
Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv(.) p Fr 345 2496 a(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p
Fq 3 w(\)) 84 b(=) f(\(1) p Fu 21 w(\000) p Fr 20 w(p) p
Fq(\() p Fr(\016) p Fq 3 w(\)\)) p Fr(y) p Fq 3 w(\() p
Fr(\016) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 392 w(\(2\)) -150 2678 y(Thus,) 28
b(the) g(DCCP) d(pack) q(et) i(tran) r(smission) i(rate) f(is) f(gi) n
(v) o(en) h(by) -150 2782 y(the) 20 b(follo) n(win) r(g) f(equat) r
(ion) h(from) f(chan) r(ge) g(of) g(the) h(DCCP) d(win-) -150
2885 y(do) n(w) 23 b(size) h(gi) n(v) o(en) g(by) g(Eq.) e(\(1\).) p
Fr -139 3171 a(y) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 23 w(+) e(1\)) 26
b(=) p Fv 1412 w(\(3\)) p Fr 27 3356 a(y) p Fq 3 w(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) 21 b(+) e(\001) p Fr 505 3295 a(x) p
Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p 392 3335 399 4 v Fr 392
3419 a(y) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fr(R) p
Fq 1 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fj 750 3393 a(2) p
Fu 821 3356 a(\000) p Fq 922 3295 a(2) p 922 3335 46
4 v 922 3419 a(3) 977 3356 y(\001) p Fr(y) p Fq 3 w(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fu 15 w(f) p Fr 1 w(y) p Fq 3 w(\() p
Fr(\016) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fu 22 w(\000) p Fr 20 w(x) p
Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fu(g) 27 3604 y(\002) p
Fk 113 3485 a(\032) p Fq 175 3604 a(1) p Fu 20 w(\000) p
Fr 20 w(p) p Fp 377 3618 a(T) 10 b(O) p Fq 488 3604 a(\() p
Fr(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(\016) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fr 15 w(R) p
Fq 1 w(\() p Fr(\016) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fr(;) p Fq 15 w(1) p
Fu 24 w(\000) p Fr 1096 3543 a(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p
Fq 3 w(\)) p 1096 3583 173 4 v Fr 1101 3667 a(y) p Fq
3 w(\() p Fr(\016) p Fq 3 w(\)) 1279 3604 y(\)) p Fk
1314 3485 a(\033) p Fu 27 3845 a(\000) p Fq(\001) p Fk
189 3726 a(\032) p Fq 260 3784 a(4) p 260 3824 46 4 v
260 3907 a(3) p Fr 316 3845 a(y) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p
Fq 3 w(\)) p Fu 21 w(\000) p Fq 678 3784 a(1) p 606 3824
191 4 v Fr 606 3907 a(R) p Fq 1 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3
w(\)) p Fk 806 3726 a(\033) p Fu 884 3845 a(f) p Fr(y) p
Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(\016) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fu 22 w(\000) p
Fr 20 w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(x) p Fq(\)) p Fu(g) 27 4093
y(\002) p Fr(p) p Fp 144 4107 a(T) g(O) p Fq 254 4093
a(\() p Fr(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(\016) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fr 15
w(R) p Fq 1 w(\() p Fr(\016) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fr(;) p Fq
15 w(1) p Fu 24 w(\000) p Fr 862 4032 a(x) p Fq(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p 862 4072 173 4 v Fr 867 4155 a(y) p
Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(\016) p Fq 3 w(\)) 1045 4093 y(\)) p
Fv 7 4326 a(Ne) o(xt,) 42 b(we) c(model) h(the) g(cong) r(estion) h
(contr) r(ol) e(mecha) r(-) -150 4430 y(nism) 20 b(of) h(DCCP) d(with) i
(the) h(TFRC) d(cong) r(estion) j(con) r(trol) g(pro-) -150
4534 y(\002le) 43 b(as) h(a) g(discre) r(te-time) g(syst) r(em.) 89
b(The) 43 b(inpu) r(t) p Fr 43 w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p
Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 44 w(of) -150 4638 y(DCCP) 17 b(with) j(the) g(TFRC) d
(con) r(gestio) r(n) i(con) r(trol) h(pro\002le) g(is) g(the) -150
4741 y(pack) q(et) 33 b(arriv) n(al) g(rate) h(at) g(the) g(desti) r
(natio) r(n) f(host) h(not) r(i\002ed) f(of) -150 4845
y(the) 24 b(sourc) r(e) f(host) h(at) f(slot) p Fr 24
w(k) p Fv 3 w(.) 29 b(Moreo) o(v) o(er) l(,) 24 b(the) g(outpu) r(t) p
Fr 23 w(y) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 23
w(is) -150 4949 y(the) g(pack) o(e) r(t) f(transmis) r(sion) h(rate) g
(from) f(a) g(sou) r(rce) g(host) h(at) g(slot) p Fr
-150 5053 a(k) p Fv 3 w(.) 7 5157 y(The) 41 b(pack) q(et) g(loss) i(e) n
(v) o(ent) f(rate) g(at) g(slot) p Fr 42 w(k) p Fv 45
w(is) f(de\002ne) r(d) -150 5260 y(by) p Fr 24 w(p) p
Fp 10 5274 a(e) p Fq 47 5260 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p
Fv(,) 24 b(and) g(the) h(DCCP) d(conne) r(ction) r(') -5
b(s) 23 b(rou) r(nd-tri) r(p) g(time) p Fr -150 5364
a(R) p Fq 1 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv(.) 40 b(Suppose) 28
b(that) g(the) f(sou) r(rce) g(host) h(receiv) o(es) f(an) g(A) l(CK)
-150 5468 y(pack) q(et) j(at) h(slot) p Fr 31 w(k) p
Fv 3 w(.) 49 b(In) 31 b(this) g(case) r(,) g(the) g(DCCP) d(sou) r(rce)
i(hos) r(t) -150 5572 y(chan) r(ges) g(the) g(trans) r(mission) g(rate)
p Fr 31 w(y) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 28 w(+) 24 b(1\)) p
Fv 30 w(at) 30 b(slot) p Fr 30 w(k) p Fq 28 w(+) 25 b(1) p
Fv -150 5675 a(as) e([28) r(]) p Fr -26 5857 a(y) p Fq
3 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 24 w(+) d(1\)) 84 b(=) e(min) 15
b(\() p Fr(X) p Fq 7 w(\() p Fr(p) p Fp 901 5871 a(e) p
Fq 939 5857 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fr(;) g(R) p
Fq 1 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)\)) p Fr(;) p Fq 15 w(2) p
Fr 15 w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)\)) p Fr 19 w(;) p
Fv 19 w(\(4\)) 2040 249 y(where) p Fr 24 w(X) p Fq 7
w(\() p Fr(p) p Fp 2448 263 a(e) p Fq 2485 249 a(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fr(;) g(R) p Fq 1 w(\() p Fr(k) p
Fq 3 w(\)\)) p Fv 25 w(is) 24 b(gi) n(v) o(en) g(by) p
Fn 2040 432 a(X) p Fm 7 w(\() p Fn(p) p Fl 2190 444 a(e) p
Fm 2225 432 a(\() p Fn(k) p Fm 3 w(\)) p Fn(;) 14 b(R) p
Fm 1 w(\() p Fn(k) p Fm 3 w(\)\)) 24 b(=) 3157 540 y(1) p
2216 577 1924 4 v Fn 2216 707 a(R) p Fm 1 w(\() p Fn(k) p
Fm 3 w(\)) p Fk 2390 604 a(q) p 2473 604 209 4 v Fh 2483
667 a(2) p Fl(p) p Fg 2550 675 a(e) p Fh 2583 667 a(\() p
Fl(k) p Fh 1 w(\)) p 2483 688 189 4 v 2561 736 a(3) p
Fm 2700 707 a(+) p Fn 18 w(t) p Fl 2813 719 a(RT) 9 b(O) p
Fk 2981 590 a(\022) p Fm 3042 707 a(3) p Fk 3084 604
a(q) p 3167 604 209 4 v Fh 3177 667 a(3) p Fl(p) p Fg
3244 675 a(e) p Fh 3277 667 a(\() p Fl(k) p Fh 1 w(\)) p
3177 688 189 4 v 3255 736 a(8) p Fn 3375 707 a(p) p Fl
3417 719 a(e) p Fm 3453 707 a(\() p Fn(k) p Fm 3 w(\)\(1) 18
b(+) g(32) p Fn(p) p Fl 3864 719 a(e) p Fm 3899 707 a(\() p
Fn(k) p Fm 3 w(\)) p Fh 4009 683 a(2) p Fm 4046 707 a(\)) p
Fk 4078 590 a(\023) p Fn 4150 596 a(;) p Fv 2197 983
a(where) p Fr 24 w(t) p Fp 2475 997 a(RT) 10 b(O) p Fv
2662 983 a(is) 24 b(the) h(TCP) d(retran) r(smission) j(timer) l(,) g
(and) 2040 1086 y(is) e(can) h(be) g(appro) r(ximated) g(by) p
Fq 24 w(4) p Fr(R) p Fq 1 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p
Fv 24 w([28].) 2197 1191 y(Supposi) r(ng) 38 b(that) g(a) f(RED) f
(rout) r(er) h(disc) r(ards) h(a) g(pack) o(e) r(t) 2040
1295 y(rand) r(omly) 23 b(with) g(the) g(pro) r(babili) r(ty) p
Fr 23 w(p) p Fv(,) f(the) h(pack) q(et) g(loss) h(e) n(v) o(ent) 2040
1398 y(rate) p Fr 23 w(p) p Fp 2244 1412 a(e) p Fv 2303
1398 a(measure) r(d) e(by) h(DCCP) d(and) j(the) g(pack) q(et) f(loss) i
(proba) r(-) 2040 1502 y(bilit) r(y) p Fr 23 w(p) p Fv
22 w(at) g(a) f(RED) e(rout) r(er) i(satis) r(fy) g(the) h(following) f
(relati) r(on:) p Fq 2224 1721 a(1) p 2164 1761 167 4
v Fr 2164 1845 a(p) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) 2424
1782 y(=) 82 b(1) p Fu 21 w(\002) p Fp 2756 1677 a(M) p
Fk 2734 1702 a(X) p Fp 2737 1884 a(i) p Fj(=1) p Fk 2869
1688 a(\020) p Fq 2918 1782 a(\(1) p Fu 21 w(\000) p
Fr 20 w(p) p Fp 3156 1796 a(e) p Fq 3193 1782 a(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)\)) p Fp 3348 1745 a(i) p Fi(\000) p
Fj(1) p Fr 3483 1782 a(p) p Fp 3529 1796 a(e) p Fq 3565
1782 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fk 3685 1688 a(\021) p
Fq 2577 2068 a(+) p Fi 2750 1962 a(1) p Fk 2725 1987
a(X) p Fp 2663 2171 a(i) p Fj(=) p Fp(M) p Fj 7 w(+1) p
Fk 2922 1974 a(\020) p Fr 2972 2068 a(i) p Fq 15 w(\(1) p
Fu 21 w(\000) p Fr 20 w(p) p Fp 3256 2082 a(e) p Fq 3293
2068 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)\)) p Fp 3448 2030 a(i) p
Fi(\000) p Fj(1) p Fr 3583 2068 a(p) p Fp 3629 2082 a(e) p
Fq 3665 2068 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fk 3785 1974
a(\021) p Fr 3851 2068 a(;) p Fv 2197 2356 a(where) p
Fr 68 w(M) p Fv 78 w(is) 68 b(the) g(numbe) r(r) f(of) i(pack) o(e) r
(ts) p Fr 68 w(M) p Fq 10 w(\(=) p Fr 2040 2460 a(R) p
Fq 1 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fr 15 w(y) p Fq 3 w(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)\)) p Fv 45 w(that) 44 b(arri) n(v) o(e) g(at) f(the) h
(RED) e(router) j(during) g(a) 2040 2564 y(roun) r(d-trip) 24
b(time.) 2197 2668 y(Finally) -6 b(,) 34 b(we) c(model) i(the) g(RED) d
(rout) r(er) i(as) g(a) g(discr) r(ete-) 2040 2772 y(time) 26
b(system.) 36 b(The) 25 b(inpu) r(t) p Fr 25 w(x) p Fq(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 26 w(is) h(the) g(pack) o(e) r(t) f(arri) n(v) n
(al) i(rate) 2040 2875 y(at) 22 b(the) g(RED) e(route) r(r) h(at) h
(slot) p Fr 22 w(k) p Fv 3 w(.) 27 b(Moreo) q(v) o(er) l(,) 22
b(the) g(outpu) r(t) p Fr 21 w(y) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p
Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 2040 2979 a(is) g(the) h(pack) o(e) r(t) f(transmis) r
(sion) h(rate) g(from) f(the) g(RED) f(route) r(r) g(at) 2040
3083 y(slot) p Fr 24 w(k) p Fv 3 w(.) 2197 3187 y(W) -7
b(e) 21 b(de\002ne) p Fr 24 w(\026) p Fv 21 w(as) i(the) g(bottl) r
(eneck) h(link) f(band) r(width) g(and) p Fr 2040 3291
a(p) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 32 w(as) 33 b(the) f(pro) r
(babili) r(ty) g(that) h(the) g(RED) d(rou) r(ter) i(disc) r(ards) 2040
3395 y(pack) q(ets.) 86 b(Since) 43 b(the) g(pack) o(e) r(t) f(arri) n
(v) n(al) i(rate) f(at) f(the) h(RED) 2040 3499 y(route) r(r) 31
b(is) p Fr 31 w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv(,) i(the) e(pack)
q(et) g(trans) r(mission) h(rate) g(from) f(the) 2040
3602 y(RED) 20 b(route) r(r) h(is) g(gi) n(v) o(en) i(by) p
Fq 22 w(\(1) p Fu 14 w(\000) p Fr 14 w(p) p Fq(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)\)) p Fr 15 w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p
Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv(.) 29 b(Furthermo) r(re,) 2040 3706 y(since) c(the) g
(maximum) f(pack) o(e) r(t) f(tran) r(smission) i(rate) g(from) f(the)
2040 3810 y(RED) 30 b(rout) r(er) i(is) f(limite) r(d) g(by) i(the) f
(outp) r(ut) g(link) g(ban) r(dwidth,) 2040 3914 y(the) 22
b(maximum) f(of) p Fr 21 w(y) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p
Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 22 w(is) g(limited) h(by) g(the) f(bott) r(lenec) r(k) g
(link) 2040 4018 y(band) r(width) p Fr 23 w(\026) p Fv(.) 27
b(Hence) r(,) 22 b(the) h(outpu) r(t) p Fr 22 w(y) p
Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 23 w(of) g(RED) e(is) i(gi) n(v) o
(en) 2040 4121 y(by) h([26]) p Fr 2325 4318 a(y) p Fq
3 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) i(=) f(min) o(\(\(1) p Fu
22 w(\000) p Fr 19 w(p) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)\)) p
Fr 15 w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fr(;) 15 b(\026) p
Fq(\)) p Fr(:) p Fv 348 w(\(5\)) 2197 4515 y(The) 27
b(curre) r(nt) g(queu) r(e) g(leng) r(th) g(of) h(RED) e(at) h(slot) p
Fr 28 w(k) p Fv 30 w(is) h(de-) 2040 4619 y(note) r(d) 36
b(by) p Fr 37 w(q) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p
Fv(,) j(and) f(the) f(a) n(v) o(erag) r(e) f(queu) r(e) g(leng) r(th) g
(is) h(de-) 2040 4723 y(note) r(d) 19 b(by) p 2371 4674
44 4 v Fr 20 w(q) p Fq 2 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p
Fv(.) 28 b(When) 20 b(the) g(b) n(uf) n(fer) h(size) f(of) f(the) h
(RED) e(route) r(r) 2040 4827 y(is) p Fr 23 w(L) p Fv(,) j(the) i
(curre) r(nt) f(que) r(ue) g(leng) r(th) p Fr 23 w(q) p
Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 20 w(+) 17 b(1\)) p Fv 22 w(at) 23
b(slot) p Fr 23 w(k) p Fq 20 w(+) 17 b(1) p Fv 22 w(is) 2040
4930 y(gi) n(v) o(en) 24 b(by) g([26]) p Fr 2176 5127
a(q) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 23 w(+) c(1\)) 26 b(=) p
Fv 1291 w(\(6\)) p Fq 2342 5256 a(min) 15 b([max) p Fu
15 w(f) p Fr 1 w(q) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) 21
b(+) e(\() p Fr 1 w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p
Fu 21 w(\000) p Fr 20 w(\026) p Fq(\)) c(\001) p Fr(;) p
Fq 15 w(0) p Fu(g) p Fr 16 w(;) g(L) p Fq(]) p Fr 16
w(:) p Fv 2197 5453 a(Let) p Fr 27 w(q) p Fv 30 w(be) 29
b(the) f(curr) r(ent) g(queu) r(e) g(length) h(of) f(RED,) e(and) p
3946 5404 V Fr 29 w(q) p Fv 2040 5557 a(be) 21 b(the) g(a) n(v) o(erag)
r(e) f(queu) r(e) g(lengt) r(h) g(of) g(RED.) f(RED) f(upd) r(ates) j
(the) 2040 5660 y(a) n(v) o(era) r(ge) e(queu) r(e) g(lengt) r(h) p
2820 5611 V Fr 19 w(q) p Fv 21 w(for) h(e) n(v) o(ery) f(pac) r(k) o
(et) g(rece) r(ipt) g(as) h([10]) p 2495 5808 V Fr 2495
5857 a(q) p Fu 29 w( ) p Fq 25 w(\(1) p Fu 21 w(\000) p
Fr 20 w(w) p Fp 2938 5871 a(q) p Fq 2976 5857 a(\)) p
3026 5808 V Fr 15 w(q) p Fq 23 w(+) p Fr 20 w(w) p Fp
3246 5871 a(q) p Fr 3299 5857 a(q) s(:) p Fv 516 w(\(7\)) p
dyy eop end
%%Page: 6 6
TeXDict begin 6 5 bop Fv -150 249 a(Since) 22 b(the) h(pack) o(e) r(t) f
(arri) n(v) n(al) h(rate) f(at) g(slot) p Fr 23 w(k) p
Fv 25 w(is) p Fr 22 w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p
Fv(,) g(the) g(a) n(v) o(er-) -150 352 y(age) 28 b(que) r(ue) g(lengt) r
(h) p 502 303 44 4 v Fr 27 w(q) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p
Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 28 w(at) g(slot) p Fr 29 w(k) p Fq 27
w(+) 23 b(1) p Fv 28 w(is) 28 b(appro) r(ximatel) r(y) -150
456 y(gi) n(v) o(en) c(by) g([26]) p -51 611 V Fr -51
660 a(q) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 23 w(+) c(1\)) p Fu
84 w(') p 507 611 V Fr 83 w(q) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p
Fq 3 w(\)) h(+) p Fr 20 w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3
w(\)) 15 b(\001) p Fr 15 w(w) p Fp 1126 674 a(q) p Fq
1165 660 a(\() p Fr(q) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p
Fu 21 w(\000) p 1476 611 V Fr 20 w(q) p Fq 3 w(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)\)) p Fr(:) p Fv -6 w(\(8\)) -150 864
y(RED) 46 b(determin) r(es) h(the) h(pack) q(et) f(loss) h(prob) r
(abili) r(ty) p Fr 47 w(p) p Fp 1645 879 a(b) p Fq 1679
864 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv -150 968 a(from) 23
b(its) h(a) n(v) o(era) r(ge) f(que) r(ue) g(leng) r(th) p
950 919 V Fr 23 w(q) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p
Fv 24 w([10]) h(as) p Fr -123 1464 a(p) p Fp -77 1479
a(b) p Fq -43 1464 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) 84 b(=) p
Fk 315 1192 a(8) 315 1267 y(>) 315 1292 y(>) 315 1317
y(>) 315 1342 y(>) 315 1367 y(<) 315 1516 y(>) 315 1541
y(>) 315 1566 y(>) 315 1591 y(>) 315 1616 y(:) p Fq 404
1262 a(0) 274 b(if) p 828 1213 V Fr 52 w(q) p Fq 3 w(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fr 26 w(<) 25 b(min) p Fp 1280 1277
a(th) p Fr 602 1335 a(max) p Fp 782 1349 a(p) p 414 1375
598 4 v Fr 414 1459 a(max) p Fp 594 1474 a(th) p Fu 684
1459 a(\000) p Fr 20 w(min) p Fp 941 1474 a(th) p Fq
1021 1397 a(\() p 1056 1347 44 4 v Fr(q) p Fq 3 w(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fu 21 w(\000) p Fr 20 w(min) p Fp
1498 1412 a(th) p Fq 1568 1397 a(\)) 723 1553 y(if) p
Fr 52 w(min) p Fp 994 1568 a(th) p Fu 1090 1553 a(\024) p
1186 1504 V Fr 25 w(q) p Fq 2 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p
Fr 27 w(<) g(max) p Fp 1652 1568 a(th) p Fq 404 1666
a(1) 274 b(if) p 828 1617 V Fr 52 w(q) p Fq 3 w(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fu 26 w(\025) p Fr 25 w(max) p Fp
1294 1681 a(th) p Fr 1364 1666 a(:) p Fv 1694 1464 a(\(9\)) 7
1873 y(Finally) -6 b(,) 27 b(the) g(RED) d(rout) r(er) i(disca) r(rds) g
(arri) n(v) r(ing) g(pack) q(ets) -150 1977 y(with) d(the) h(prob) r
(abilit) r(y) p Fr 23 w(p) p Fp 636 1991 a(a) p Fq 677
1977 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 24 w(deter) r(mined) g(by) p
Fr 209 2238 a(p) p Fp 255 2252 a(a) p Fq 296 2238 a(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) i(=) p Fr 794 2176 a(p) p Fp 840 2191
a(b) p Fq 874 2176 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p 548 2217
692 4 v 548 2300 a(1) p Fu 21 w(\000) p Fr 20 w(count) p
Fu 20 w(\002) p Fr 20 w(p) p Fp 1085 2315 a(b) p Fq 1119
2300 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fr 1250 2238 a(;) p
Fv 374 w(\(10\)) -150 2493 y(where) p Fr 32 w(count) p
Fv 31 w(is) 31 b(the) h(number) h(of) e(pack) q(ets) h(arri) n(v) o(ed)
g(at) g(the) -150 2597 y(route) r(r) 18 b(since) i(the) f(last) g(pack)
o(e) r(t) f(disc) r(arded.) 28 b(Since) 19 b(the) g(pack) o(e) r(t) -150
2701 y(loss) 25 b(prob) r(ability) p Fr 25 w(p) p Fq(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 24 w(in) g(the) f(RED) e(rou) r(ter) i(is) g
(the) h(a) n(v) o(erag) r(e) -150 2805 y(of) p Fr 23
w(p) p Fp -6 2819 a(a) p Fq 36 2805 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq
3 w(\)) p Fv(,) e(it) g(is) h(gi) n(v) o(en) g(by) g([10]) p
Fr 422 3065 a(p) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) 84 b(=) 891
3004 y(2) p Fr(p) p Fp 982 3019 a(b) p Fq 1016 3004 a(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p 835 3044 358 4 v 835 3128 a(1) 21
b(+) p Fr 20 w(p) p Fp 1038 3143 a(b) p Fq 1072 3128
a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fr 1203 3065 a(:) p Fv 421
w(\(11\)) 7 3330 y(Note) 29 b(that) h(usin) r(g) f(the) h(curren) r(t) f
(queu) r(e) g(lengt) r(h) p Fr 29 w(q) p Fq 3 w(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 29 w(of) -150 3434 y(RED,) e(a) j(DCC) n(P) f
(conn) r(ection) r(') -5 b(s) 29 b(roun) r(d-trip) i(time) e(at) h
(slot) p Fr 30 w(k) p Fv -150 3538 a(is) 23 b(gi) n(v) o(en) h(by) p
Fr 428 3796 a(R) p Fq 1 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) 84
b(=) p Fr 866 3734 a(q) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p
866 3775 165 4 v Fr 921 3858 a(\026) p Fq 1061 3796 a(+) p
Fr 19 w(\034) 5 b(:) p Fs -150 4127 a(4) 119 b(Steady) 31
b(State) e(Analysis) p Fv -150 4298 a(In) k(what) g(follows,) h(we) e
(analy) r(ze) h(the) g(stead) r(y) g(state) g(per) r(for) n(-) -150
4401 y(mance) e(of) f(DCCP/R) n(ED) f(utili) r(zing) i(analy) r(tic) f
(model) r(s) f(con) r(-) -150 4505 y(struc) r(ted) 45
b(in) g(Section) h(3.) 93 b(Speci\002cal) r(ly) -6 b(,) 50
b(we) 44 b(deri) n(v) q(e) g(the) -150 4609 y(pack) q(et) 39
b(trans) r(mission) h(rate) h(of) e(DCCP) e(conn) r(ectio) r(ns,) 43
b(the) -150 4713 y(pack) q(et) 32 b(transmis) r(sion) h(rate,) h(the) f
(pack) o(e) r(t) e(loss) i(prob) r(abilit) r(y) -6 b(,) -150
4816 y(and) 27 b(the) g(a) n(v) o(er) r(age) g(queu) r(e) f(lengt) r(h)
g(of) h(RED) e(in) h(stea) r(dy) h(state.) -150 4920
y(In) e(Sectio) r(n) g(6,) g(we) g(will) g(v) n(alida) r(te) g(our) h
(appro) r(ximate) g(analy) r(-) -150 5024 y(sis) c(by) f(compar) r(ing)
g(numer) r(ical) g(e) o(xampl) r(es) g(with) g(simula) r(tion) -150
5128 y(ones) r(.) 7 5235 y(Since) 68 b(the) h(con) r(gestio) r(n) f
(cont) r(rol) g(mecha) r(nism) g(of) -150 5338 y(DCCP) 21
b(with) i(the) h(TCP-lik) o(e) f(cong) r(estion) h(con) r(trol) f(pro) r
(\002le) f(is) -150 5442 y(the) g(AIMD) e(windo) n(w) h(contr) r(ol,) g
(the) h(windo) n(w) f(size) h(oscill) r(ates) -150 5546
y(when) 38 b(the) h(feedb) r(ack) g(delay) g(is) f(not) h(ne) o(glig) r
(ible.) 73 b(Conse) r(-) -150 5650 y(quen) r(tly) -6
b(,) 27 b(the) g(pac) r(k) o(et) g(trans) r(mission) h(rate) f(ne) n(v)
o(er) g(con) l(v) q(er) n(ge) r(s) -150 5753 y(to) e(a) f(\002x) o(ed) h
(v) n(alue.) 34 b(Note) 24 b(that) i(the) f(outp) r(ut) f(from) h(our) h
(DCC) n(P) -150 5857 y(model) 39 b(with) g(the) g(TCP-lik) o(e) g(cong)
r(estion) h(cont) r(rol) f(pro\002le) 2040 249 y(repre) r(sents) 32
b(not) f(an) g(instan) r(taneo) r(us) g(v) n(alue) g(of) g(the) g(osci)
r(llat-) 2040 352 y(ing) 21 b(pack) q(et) g(transmis) r(sion) g(rate) r
(,) f(b) n(ut) i(the) f(e) o(xpect) r(ed) g(v) n(alue) g(of) 2040
456 y(the) j(pack) o(e) r(t) f(trans) r(mission) h(rate) r(.) 2197
560 y(The) k(pack) o(e) r(t) g(transmis) r(sion) h(rate) g(of) f(DCCP) e
(and) j(RED) 2040 664 y(in) h(steady) h(state) f(\() p
Fr(k) p Fu 40 w(!) 37 b(1) p Fv(\)) 29 b(are) h(deno) r(ted) g(by) p
Fr 29 w(y) p Fi 3615 631 a(\003) p Fp 3612 689 a(D) p
Fv 3705 664 a(and) p Fr 30 w(y) p Fi 3913 631 a(\003) p
Fp 3910 689 a(R) p Fv 3967 664 a(,) 2040 767 y(respe) r(cti) n(v) o
(ely) l(.) 37 b(Let) p Fr 26 w(N) p Fv 36 w(be) 26 b(the) h(number) h
(of) e(DCCP) e(con) r(nec-) 2040 871 y(tions) r(.) 33
b(W) -7 b(e) 24 b(can) i(numeric) r(ally) g(obtain) p
Fr 26 w(y) p Fi 3325 838 a(\003) p Fp 3322 897 a(D) p
Fv 3410 871 a(and) p Fr 26 w(y) p Fi 3614 838 a(\003) p
Fp 3611 897 a(R) p Fv 3693 871 a(by) f(solv) r(-) 2040
1003 y(ing) 34 b(equat) r(ions) p Fr 34 w(y) p Fq 3 w(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 31 w(+) 27 b(1\)) 44 b(=) p Fr 44 w(y) p Fq
3 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) g(=) p Fr 43 w(y) p Fi 3442
970 a(\003) p Fp 3439 1029 a(R) p Fv 3496 1003 a(,) p
Fr 35 w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) h(=) p Fp 3895
952 a(y) p Ff 3932 928 a(\003) p Fe 3930 976 a(R) p 3895
982 86 4 v Fp 3906 1035 a(N) p Fv 2040 1107 a(\(Eq.) 25
b(\(3\)\)) r(,) p Fr 26 w(y) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq
25 w(+) d(1\)) 31 b(=) p Fr 30 w(y) p Fq 3 w(\() p Fr(k) p
Fq 3 w(\)) g(=) p Fr 30 w(y) p Fi 3213 1074 a(\003) p
Fp 3210 1133 a(D) p Fv 3274 1107 a(,) 26 b(and) p Fr
26 w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) 31 b(=) p Fr 30
w(N) 25 b(y) p Fi 3929 1074 a(\003) p Fp 3926 1133 a(D) p
Fv 2040 1211 a(\(Eq.) d(\(5\)\)) r(.) 27 b(F) o(ocusi) r(ng) c(on) g
(the) h(input) p Fr 24 w(x) p Fi 3266 1178 a(\003) p
Fp 3266 1237 a(R) p Fv 3346 1211 a(and) g(the) f(outp) r(ut) p
Fr 23 w(y) p Fi 3936 1178 a(\003) p Fp 3933 1237 a(R) p
Fv 2040 1315 a(of) g(a) h(RED) d(rout) r(er) l(,) i(we) g(ha) n(v) o(e)
h(the) g(follo) n(win) r(g) f(relati) r(on) p Fr 2614
1492 a(y) p Fi 2662 1454 a(\003) p Fp 2659 1514 a(R) p
Fq 2800 1492 a(=) 82 b(\(1) p Fu 21 w(\000) p Fr 20 w(p) p
Fi 3191 1454 a(\003) p Fq 3230 1492 a(\)) p Fr 15 w(x) p
Fi 3332 1454 a(\003) p Fp 3332 1514 a(R) p Fr 3391 1492
a(;) p Fv 423 w(\(12\)) 2040 1669 y(where) p Fr 38 w(p) p
Fi 2345 1636 a(\003) p Fv 2422 1669 a(is) 38 b(the) g(pack) q(et) g
(loss) h(proba) r(bility) g(at) f(the) g(RED) 2040 1773
y(route) r(r) 33 b(in) h(stead) r(y) f(stat) r(e.) 59
b(W) -7 b(e) 33 b(can) i(obtain) p Fr 35 w(p) p Fi 3526
1740 a(\003) p Fv 3598 1773 a(by) f(solv) r(ing) 2040
1876 y(Eq.) 23 b(\(12\)) h(for) p Fr 24 w(p) p Fi 2536
1843 a(\003) p Fv 2575 1876 a(.) 29 b(Furthe) r(rmore,) 24
b(from) f(Eqs.) g(\(9\)) h(and) h(\() e(11\),) 2040 1980
y(we) 32 b(can) g(easi) r(ly) g(obta) r(in) g(the) h(a) n(v) o(erag) r
(e) f(queu) r(e) f(len) r(gth) p 3799 1931 44 4 v Fr
32 w(q) p Fi 3843 1947 a(\003) p Fv 3914 1980 a(of) 2040
2084 y(the) 24 b(RED) d(rou) r(ter) -5 b(.) p Fs 2040
2374 a(5) 119 b(T) -9 b(ransient) 31 b(State) e(Analysis) p
Fv 2040 2538 a(W) -7 b(e) 39 b(then) h(analy) r(ze) f(the) h(trans) r
(ient) g(state) g(perf) r(ormance) g(of) 2040 2642 y(DCCP) n(/RED) i
(by) i(linear) r(izing) g(the) g(discre) r(te-time) g(model) 2040
2746 y(arou) r(nd) 23 b(its) h(equil) r(ibrium) g(point) r(.) 2197
2850 y(First,) 46 b(we) c(focu) r(s) g(on) g(the) h(feedb) r(ack) g
(syste) r(m) e(where) 2040 2953 y(DCCP) 18 b(conn) r(ectio) r(ns) i
(with) g(the) h(TCP-lik) o(e) f(cong) r(estion) h(con) r(-) 2040
3057 y(trol) 29 b(pro\002le) g(and) g(RED) e(rout) r(ers) h(are) h
(inte) r(rconn) r(ected.) 45 b(The) 2040 3161 y(state) 29
b(of) g(DCCP) d(and) j(RED) d(is) j(determin) r(ed) f(by) h(the) g
(pack) o(e) r(t) 2040 3265 y(arri) n(v) n(al) 21 b(rate) p
Fr 21 w(x) p Fp 2500 3279 a(D) p Fq 2564 3265 a(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 21 w(at) f(the) h(dest) r(inatio) r(n) f(host) h
(\(not) r(i\002ed) f(by) h(a) 2040 3368 y(desti) r(natio) r(n) f(host) i
(via) f(A) l(CK) e(pack) q(ets\)) i(at) g(slot) p Fr
21 w(k) p Fv 3 w(,) g(the) g(pack) o(e) r(t) 2040 3491
y(trans) r(mission) 37 b(rates) p Fr 36 w(y) p Fp 2786
3505 a(D) p Fq 2850 3491 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p
Fu 15 w(\001) 15 b(\001) g(\001) p Fr 17 w(y) p Fp 3152
3505 a(D) p Fq 3215 3491 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fu 33 w(\000) p
Fp 3440 3446 a(R) p Fj(\() p Fp(k) p Fj 2 w(\)) p 3440
3469 147 4 v 3484 3522 a(\001) p Fq 3597 3491 a(\)) p
Fv 35 w(from) 36 b(the) 2040 3594 y(sour) r(ce) 22 b(host,) h(the) f
(pack) q(et) g(arri) n(v) n(al) r(/trans) r(mission) h(rate) g(of) f
(the) 2040 3698 y(RED) g(router) j(at) e(slot) p Fr 24
w(k) p Fv 3 w(,) p Fr 23 w(x) p Fp 2875 3712 a(R) p Fq
2933 3698 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 23 w(and) p
Fr 24 w(y) p Fp 3275 3712 a(R) p Fq 3333 3698 a(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv(.) 29 b(W) -7 b(e) 23 b(introd) r(uce) 2040
3802 y(a) 31 b(stat) r(e) g(v) o(ector) p Fd 33 w(x) p
Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 32 w(that) h(are) g(compo) r(sed) g
(of) f(dif) n(fe) r(rence) r(s) 2040 3906 y(between) i(each) f(state) g
(v) n(aria) r(ble) f(at) h(slot) p Fr 32 w(k) p Fv 34
w(and) g(its) f(equi) r(lib-) 2040 4009 y(rium) 23 b(v) n(alu) r(e:) p
Fd 2282 4489 a(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fu
84 w(\021) p Fk 2694 4096 a(2) 2694 4242 y(6) 2694 4292
y(6) 2694 4341 y(6) 2694 4391 y(6) 2694 4441 y(6) 2694
4491 y(6) 2694 4541 y(6) 2694 4590 y(6) 2694 4640 y(6) 2694
4693 y(4) p Fr 3062 4175 a(x) p Fp 3114 4189 a(D) p Fq
3178 4175 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fu 84 w(\000) p
Fr 83 w(x) p Fi 3588 4142 a(\003) p Fp 3588 4201 a(D) p
Fr 3069 4288 a(y) p Fp 3114 4302 a(D) p Fq 3178 4288
a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fu 84 w(\000) p Fr 83 w(y) p
Fi 3584 4255 a(\003) p Fp 3581 4314 a(D) p Fv 3406 4381
a(.) 3406 4414 y(.) 3406 4448 y(.) p Fr 2791 4576 a(y) p
Fp 2836 4590 a(D) p Fq 2900 4576 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fu 24
w(\000) p Fp 3107 4531 a(R) p Fj(\() p Fp(k) p Fj 2 w(\)) p
3107 4555 V 3151 4607 a(\001) p Fq 3263 4576 a(\)) p
Fu 84 w(\000) p Fr 83 w(y) p Fi 3584 4543 a(\003) p Fp
3581 4601 a(D) p Fr 3068 4689 a(x) p Fp 3120 4703 a(R) p
Fq 3178 4689 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fu 84 w(\000) p
Fr 83 w(x) p Fi 3588 4656 a(\003) p Fp 3588 4714 a(R) p
Fr 3076 4801 a(y) p Fp 3121 4815 a(R) p Fq 3178 4801
a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fu 84 w(\000) p Fr 83 w(y) p
Fi 3584 4768 a(\003) p Fp 3581 4827 a(R) p Fk 3693 4096
a(3) 3693 4242 y(7) 3693 4292 y(7) 3693 4341 y(7) 3693
4391 y(7) 3693 4441 y(7) 3693 4491 y(7) 3693 4541 y(7) 3693
4590 y(7) 3693 4640 y(7) 3693 4693 y(5) p Fv 2040 4984
a(W) -7 b(e) 32 b(focus) h(on) g(state) h(transi) r(tion) f(between) g
(slo) r(t) p Fr 32 w(k) p Fv 35 w(and) g(slot) p Fr 2040
5088 a(k) p Fq 11 w(+) 8 b(1) p Fv(.) 27 b(Althou) r(gh) 20
b(all) g(disc) r(rete) g(model) r(s) f(\(Eqs.) h(\(1\)\226) r(\(3\),) h
(\(5\)\226) 2040 5192 y(\(11\)\)) 31 b(in) f(our) h(analy) r(sis) f
(are) g(non) r(linea) r(r) l(,) h(the) o(y) g(can) f(be) g(writ-) 2040
5296 y(ten) g(in) f(the) h(following) f(matrix) h(form) g(by) g(linear)
r(izing) g(them) 2040 5399 y(arou) r(nd) 23 b(thei) r(r) g(equili) r
(brium) h(v) n(alues) p Fr 24 w(x) p Fi 3256 5366 a(\003) p
Fp 3256 5425 a(D) p Fv 3320 5399 a(,) p Fr 23 w(y) p
Fi 3414 5366 a(\003) p Fp 3411 5425 a(D) p Fv 3474 5399
a(,) p Fr 23 w(x) p Fi 3572 5366 a(\003) p Fp 3572 5425
a(R) p Fv 3629 5399 a(,) f(and) p Fr 24 w(y) p Fi 3877
5366 a(\003) p Fp 3874 5425 a(R) p Fv 3931 5399 a(.) p
Fd 2590 5576 a(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 24 w(+) d(1\)) 84
b(=) p Fd 83 w(Ax) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fr(;) p
Fv 400 w(\(13\)) 2040 5753 y(where) p Fd 23 w(A) p Fv
22 w(is) 23 b(the) g(stat) r(e) f(trans) r(ition) i(matrix) f(of) g
(the) g(state) h(v) o(ec-) 2040 5857 y(tor) c(from) p
Fd 20 w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 20 w(to) p
Fd 20 w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 9 w(+) 7 b(1\)) p Fv(.) 28
b(The) 19 b(eige) r(n) l(v) n(alu) r(es) g(of) h(the) g(stat) r(e) p
dyy eop end
%%Page: 7 7
TeXDict begin 7 6 bop Fv -150 249 a(trans) r(ition) 29
b(matrix) p Fd 28 w(A) p Fv 28 w(deter) r(mine) f(the) g(trans) r(ient)
h(state) f(per-) -150 352 y(forman) r(ce) f(\(i.e.,) h(con) l(v) q(er) n
(ge) r(nce) g(perfor) r(mance) g(to) f(the) h(equi) r(-) -150
456 y(libri) r(um) k(poin) r(t\)) h(of) g(the) g(disc) r(rete-ti) r(me)
f(syst) r(ems) g(gi) n(v) o(en) i(by) -150 578 y(Eqs.) 20
b(\(1\)\226) r(\(3\),) h(\(5\)\226) r(\(11\)) g([29) r(].) 54
b(Let) p Fr 21 w(\025) p Fp 1077 592 a(i) p Fq 1105 578
a(\(1) p Fu 26 w(\024) p Fr 25 w(i) p Fu 26 w(\024) p
Fp 1469 534 a(R) p Fj(\() p Fp(k) p Fj 2 w(\)) p 1469
557 147 4 v 1514 610 a(\001) p Fq 1637 578 a(+) 11 b(3\)) p
Fv -150 682 a(be) 38 b(the) f(eige) r(n) l(v) n(alu) r(es) g(of) h(the)
g(state) g(trans) r(ition) g(matrix) p Fd 38 w(A) p Fv(.) -150
786 y(The) d(maximum) g(absol) r(ute) g(v) n(alue) h(of) f(eige) r(n) l
(v) n(alu) r(es) g(\() p Ft(maxi-) -150 890 y(mum) c(modulu) r(s) p
Fv(\)) g(dete) r(rmines) h(the) h(stabil) r(ity) f(and) g(the) g(tran) r
(-) -150 993 y(sient) 21 b(state) f(perf) r(ormance) g(of) g(the) g
(feed) r(back) g(syst) r(em) f(aroun) r(d) -150 1097
y(its) k(equil) r(ibrium) g(point) g([29) r(].) 28 b(It) 22
b(is) g(known) f(that) i(the) g(smalle) r(r) -150 1201
y(the) f(maximum) f(modulu) r(s) g(is,) g(the) h(better) g(the) g
(transi) r(ent) f(stat) r(e) -150 1305 y(perfo) r(rmance) 30
b(beco) r(mes.) 46 b(It) 30 b(is) f(also) h(known) e(tha) r(t) h(the) h
(sys-) -150 1408 y(tem) 21 b(is) f(stab) r(le) h(if) g(the) g(maximum) g
(modulu) r(s) f(is) h(less) h(than) g(1.0.) 7 1515 y(Ne) o(xt,) 45
b(we) 40 b(focu) r(s) g(on) i(the) f(feed) r(back) h(syste) r(m) e
(where) -150 1619 y(DCCP) c(conne) r(ctions) j(with) f(the) g(TFRC) d
(con) r(gestio) r(n) i(con) r(-) -150 1722 y(trol) 29
b(pro\002le) g(and) g(RED) e(rout) r(ers) h(are) h(inte) r(rconn) r
(ected.) 45 b(The) -150 1826 y(state) 23 b(of) e(DCCP) f(with) h(the) h
(TFRC) d(con) r(gestio) r(n) i(cont) r(rol) h(pro-) -150
1930 y(\002le) g(and) g(RED) f(are) h(dete) r(rmined) h(by) f(the) h
(pack) o(e) r(t) f(arri) n(v) n(al) h(rate) p Fr -150
2034 a(x) p Fp -98 2048 a(D) p Fq -34 2034 a(\() p Fr(k) p
Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 37 w(at) 38 b(the) f(dest) r(inatio) r(n) g(host) h(at)
f(slot) p Fr 38 w(k) p Fv 39 w(,) j(the) e(pack) o(e) r(t) -150
2159 y(trans) r(mission) f(rates) p Fr 36 w(y) p Fp 596
2173 a(D) p Fq 660 2159 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p
Fu 15 w(\001) 15 b(\001) g(\001) p Fr 17 w(y) p Fp 962
2173 a(D) p Fq 1025 2159 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fu 33 w(\000) p
Fp 1250 2114 a(R) p Fj(\() p Fp(k) p Fj 2 w(\)) p 1250
2138 V 1294 2190 a(\001) p Fq 1407 2159 a(\)) p Fv 35
w(from) 36 b(the) -150 2263 y(sour) r(ce) e(host) r(,) i(and) f(the) g
(pack) q(et) f(arri) n(val/tran) r(smission) i(rate) -150
2366 y(of) 28 b(RED,) n(at) g(slot) p Fr 28 w(k) p Fv
3 w(,) p Fr 28 w(x) p Fp 561 2380 a(R) p Fq 619 2366
a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 28 w(and) p Fr 28 w(y) p
Fp 970 2380 a(R) p Fq 1028 2366 a(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3
w(\)) p Fv(.) 41 b(Hence,) 29 b(the) f(stat) r(e) -150
2470 y(v) o(ecto) r(r) p Fd 22 w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p
Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 22 w(that) 23 b(are) g(compo) r(sed) f(of) h(dif) n
(fere) r(nces) g(betwee) r(n) -150 2574 y(each) 29 b(state) f(v) n
(aria) r(ble) g(at) f(slot) p Fr 29 w(k) p Fv 30 w(and) h(its) g(equi) r
(libriu) r(m) e(v) n(alu) r(e) -150 2678 y(is) d(gi) n(v) o(en) h(by) g
(\(14\)) r(.) 7 2784 y(W) -7 b(e) 24 b(assume) i(that) f(the) g(DCCP) e
(dest) r(inatio) r(n) h(hos) r(t) g(send) r(s) -150 2888
y(an) 32 b(A) l(CK) e(pack) q(et) i(to) f(its) h(sou) r(rce) g(host) g
(e) n(v) o(ery) p Fr 33 w(n) p Fv 30 w(slo) r(ts.) 53
b(W) -7 b(e) -150 2992 y(focu) r(s) 20 b(on) i(state) g(transi) r(tion)
g(between) g(slot) p Fr 22 w(k) p Fv 23 w(and) g(slot) p
Fr 22 w(k) p Fq 14 w(+) p Fr 12 w(n) p Fv(.) -150 3095
y(Althou) r(gh) d(all) g(discre) r(te) f(model) r(s) g(in) h(our) g
(anal) r(ysis) g(\(Eqs.) g(\(4\)\226) -150 3199 y(\(11\)\)) 26
b(are) g(non) r(linear) n(,) f(the) o(y) h(can) g(be) f(written) h(in) g
(the) g(follo) n(w-) -150 3303 y(ing) 20 b(matrix) h(form) e(by) h
(line) r(arizin) r(g) f(them) h(arou) r(nd) g(their) g(equi) r(-) -150
3407 y(libri) r(um) i(v) n(alu) r(es) p Fr 23 w(x) p
Fi 445 3374 a(\003) p Fp 445 3432 a(D) p Fv 509 3407
a(,) p Fr 23 w(y) p Fi 603 3374 a(\003) p Fp 600 3432
a(D) p Fv 663 3407 a(,) p Fr 23 w(x) p Fi 761 3374 a(\003) p
Fp 761 3432 a(R) p Fv 818 3407 a(,) h(and) p Fr 24 w(y) p
Fi 1066 3374 a(\003) p Fp 1063 3432 a(R) p Fv 1120 3407
a(.) p Fd 282 3620 a(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 24 w(+) p
Fr 20 w(n) p Fq(\)) 83 b(=) p Fd 83 w(A) 15 b(B) p Fp
1029 3583 a(n) p Fi(\000) p Fj(1) p Fd 1166 3620 a(x) p
Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fr(;) p Fv 283 w(\(14\)) -150
3823 y(where) p Fd 23 w(A) p Fv 22 w(is) 23 b(the) g(stat) r(e) f
(trans) r(ition) i(matrix) f(of) g(the) g(state) h(v) o(ec-) -150
3927 y(tor) d(from) p Fd 21 w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq
3 w(\)) p Fv 21 w(to) p Fd 20 w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p
Fq 13 w(+) 10 b(1\)) p Fv 21 w(when) 21 b(the) g(DCCP) d(sou) r(rce) i
(hos) r(t) -150 4030 y(receiv) o(es) j(an) h(A) l(CK) e(pack) o(e) r(t)
h(\(Eq.) g(\(4\)\).) 29 b(Moreo) q(v) o(er) l(,) p Fd
23 w(B) p Fv 23 w(is) 24 b(the) -150 4134 y(state) g(trans) r(ition) f
(matrix) h(of) f(the) g(stat) r(e) f(v) o(ecto) r(r) g(from) p
Fd 23 w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 23 w(to) p
Fd -150 4238 a(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 13 w(+) 11 b(1\)) p
Fv 21 w(when) 21 b(the) h(DCC) n(P) e(sour) r(ce) h(host) g(does) h
(not) f(rece) r(i) n(v) o(e) -150 4342 y(an) o(y) 34
b(A) l(CK) f(pack) o(e) r(t) g(\(i.e.,) p Fr 36 w(x) p
Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 31 w(+) 28 b(1\)) 46 b(=) p Fr 44
w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv(\).) p Fd 60
w(A) 15 b(B) p Fp 1662 4309 a(n) p Fi(\000) p Fj(1) p
Fv -150 4446 a(is) 31 b(the) h(state) g(trans) r(ition) g(matrix) g(of)
f(the) h(state) g(v) o(ector) g(from) p Fd -150 4549
a(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 24 w(to) p Fd
23 w(x) p Fq(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 24 w(+) p Fr 20 w(n) p
Fq(\)) p Fv(.) d(The) 23 b(eigen) n(v) n(alue) r(s) g(of) g(the) h
(stat) r(e) f(transi) r(-) -150 4653 y(tion) 28 b(matrix) f(dete) r
(rmine) g(the) g(tran) r(sient) h(state) g(perfor) r(mance) -150
4757 y(\(i.e.,) f(the) g(con) l(v) q(er) n(gen) r(ce) g(perfor) r
(mance) g(to) g(the) g(equil) r(ibrium) -150 4861 y(poin) r(t\)) h(of) g
(the) g(disc) r(rete-ti) r(me) f(syst) r(em) g(gi) n(v) o(en) i(by) f
(Eqs.) g(\(4\)\226) -150 4964 y(\(11\).) p Fs -150 5272
a(6) 119 b(Numerical) 31 b(Examples) p Fv -150 5442 a(In) 46
b(this) h(sectio) r(n,) k(by) 46 b(pres) r(enting) h(some) f(numer) r
(ical) g(e) o(x-) -150 5546 y(amples) r(,) 31 b(we) g(sho) n(w) f(qua) r
(ntitat) r(i) n(v) o(ely) h(ho) n(w) g(the) g(stead) r(y) f(stat) r(e)
-150 5650 y(perfo) r(rmance) 40 b(and) g(the) g(tran) r(sient) g(stat) r
(e) f(perfo) r(rmance) h(of) -150 5753 y(DCCP) n(/RED) 31
b(chang) r(e) h(accord) r(ing) g(to) g(the) h(bottle) r(neck) g(link)
-150 5857 y(band) r(width) 27 b(and) h(the) g(prop) r(agation) h(delay)
f(of) g(the) f(netw) o(o) r(rk.) 2040 249 y(Further) r(more,) 21
b(we) f(v) n(alid) r(ate) h(our) g(app) r(roximate) h(analy) r(sis) f
(by) 2040 352 y(compar) r(ing) j(analyt) r(ic) f(resu) r(lts) g(with) h
(simulati) r(on) f(ones) r(.) 2197 457 y(Unless) j(e) o(xplici) r(tly) f
(stat) r(ed,) g(in) h(the) f(foll) r(o) n(wing) g(numeri) r(-) 2040
561 y(cal) g(e) o(xampl) r(es) f(and) i(simulat) r(ions,) g(v) n(alues)
g(sho) n(wn) f(in) g(T) -7 b(ab) l(.) 25 b(2) 2040 665
y(are) 20 b(used) h(as) f(cont) r(rol) g(parame) r(ters) g(and) h
(system) f(par) r(ameters.) 2040 768 y(W) -7 b(e) 29
b(perfor) r(med) g(simulat) r(ion) h(using) g(ns-2) h(for) e(the) h
(netw) o(or) r(k) 2040 872 y(topo) r(logy) 35 b(sho) n(wn) f(in) g
(Fig.) f(1.) 61 b(In) 34 b(this) g(netw) o(o) r(rk,) i(the) f(link) 2040
976 y(between) i(tw) o(o) f(RED) f(router) r(s) h(is) g(the) g(bott) r
(leneck) r(,) i(so) f(that) 2040 1080 y(we) 27 b(focu) r(s) g(on) h
(the) g(pac) r(k) o(et) g(loss) h(proba) r(bility) g(and) f(the) g(a) n
(v) o(er-) 2040 1183 y(age) 23 b(queu) r(e) f(leng) r(th) g(of) h(the) g
(upstre) r(am) f(RED) e(rou) r(ter) -5 b(.) 28 b(W) -7
b(e) 22 b(run) 2040 1287 y(simulat) r(ion) c(for) h(150) g([s]) f(and) h
(used) g(simulat) r(ion) f(resu) r(lt) g(of) g(the) 2040
1391 y(last) 25 b(100) h([s]) f(for) g(measuri) r(ng) g(DCC) n(P) f
(conn) r(ection) r(s') h(pack) o(e) r(t) 2040 1495 y(trans) r(mission)
34 b(rates) f(and) g(the) h(pack) o(e) r(t) e(loss) h(prob) r(abili) r
(ty) f(of) 2040 1599 y(the) 24 b(RED) e(rou) r(ter) -5
b(.) 30 b(W) -7 b(e) 23 b(repe) r(ated) h(simula) r(tion) g(10) g
(times) h(and) 2040 1702 y(measur) r(ed) i(a) n(v) o(er) r(ages) h(of) g
(the) g(DCCP) d(conn) r(ectio) r(ns') j(pack) o(e) r(t) 2040
1806 y(trans) r(mission) 34 b(rates) f(and) g(the) h(pack) o(e) r(t) e
(loss) h(prob) r(abili) r(ty) f(of) 2040 1910 y(the) 24
b(RED) d(rou) r(ter) -5 b(.) 2197 2015 y(First,) 37 b(we) d(focus) i
(on) f(the) g(stead) r(y) f(state) i(perfor) r(mance) 2040
2118 y(of) 26 b(DCCP) n(/RED.) e(W) -7 b(e) 25 b(sho) n(w) h(the) g
(DCCP) d(pack) q(et) j(transmis) r(-) 2040 2222 y(sion) 34
b(rate) g(for) g(dif) n(fere) r(nt) f(settin) r(gs) g(of) h(the) f
(bott) r(lenec) r(k) g(link) 2040 2326 y(band) r(width) g(in) g(Fig.) g
(2.) 57 b(Here,) 35 b(we) d(con) r(\002gure) h(the) h(DCC) n(P) 2040
2430 y(conn) r(ection) r(') -5 b(s) 34 b(tw) o(o-w) o(ay) i(propa) r
(gation) f(dela) r(y) f(to) p Fr 35 w(\034) p Fq 55 w(=) 46
b(50) p Fv 2040 2533 a(and) p Fr 40 w(\034) p Fq 65 w(=) 55
b(100) p Fv 40 w([ms].) 77 b(Figure) 41 b(2\(a\)) f(sho) n(ws) g
(result) r(s) f(for) 2040 2637 y(DCCP) 31 b(with) i(the) h(TCP-lik) o
(e) f(cong) r(estio) r(n) g(contr) r(ol) g(pro\002le.) 2040
2741 y(Figure) 28 b(2\(b\)) f(shows) f(for) h(DCCP) d(with) j(the) h
(TFR) n(C) e(con) r(ges-) 2040 2845 y(tion) e(cont) r(rol) f(pro) r
(\002le.) 2197 2950 y(These) 54 b(\002gures) h(indic) r(ate) f(that) h
(the) f(DCCP) e(pack) o(e) r(t) 2040 3053 y(trans) r(mission) i(rate) g
(increa) r(ses) f(as) g(the) g(bot) r(tlenec) r(k) g(link) 2040
3157 y(band) r(width) 25 b(incre) r(ases.) 33 b(Moreo) o(v) o(er) n(,)
24 b(we) g(compa) r(re) g(anal) r(ytic) 2040 3261 y(resul) r(ts) g
(with) g(simulat) r(ion) g(one) r(s.) 30 b(In) 24 b(DCCP) e(with) i
(the) h(TCP-) 2040 3365 y(lik) o(e) 39 b(cong) r(estio) r(n) f(contro) r
(l) g(pro\002le,) k(some) d(errors) g(are) g(ob-) 2040
3468 y(serv) o(ed) 21 b(between) g(analy) r(tic) f(resul) r(ts) f(and) i
(simulati) r(on) f(ones) g(in) 2040 3572 y(the) 32 b(re) o(gio) r(n) f
(where) i(bottle) r(neck) g(link) f(ban) r(dwidth) g(is) g(lar) n(g) r
(e.) 2040 3676 y(In) h(other) h(re) o(gion) r(,) g(analy) r(tic) f
(result) r(s) f(and) h(simula) r(tion) g(one) r(s) 2040
3780 y(coin) r(cide) 24 b(close) r(ly) -6 b(.) 2197 3884
y(W) f(e) 28 b(sho) n(w) h(the) h(pack) o(e) r(t) f(loss) h(proba) r
(bility) g(of) g(the) f(RED) 2040 3988 y(route) r(r) 47
b(for) i(dif) n(fere) r(nt) f(settin) r(gs) g(of) g(the) g(bot) r
(tlenec) r(k) g(link) 2040 4092 y(band) r(width) 36 b(in) g(Fig.) g(3.)
67 b(The) 35 b(DCCP) f(con) r(nectio) r(n') -5 b(s) 36
b(tw) o(o-) 2040 4196 y(w) o(ay) c(prop) r(agatio) r(n) g(delay) h(is) g
(con\002gur) r(ed) f(to) p Fr 33 w(\034) p Fq 52 w(=) 41
b(50) p Fv 33 w(and) p Fr 2040 4300 a(\034) p Fq 50 w(=) e(100) p
Fv 32 w([ms].) 52 b(Figure) 32 b(3\(a\)) g(sho) n(ws) f(resu) r(lts) g
(for) h(DCC) n(P) 2040 4403 y(with) 41 b(the) g(TCP-lik) o(e) g(cong) r
(estion) h(contr) r(ol) f(pro\002le.) 81 b(Fig-) 2040
4507 y(ure) 29 b(3\(b\)) g(sho) n(ws) f(for) h(DCC) n(P) f(with) g(the)
g(TFRC) e(cong) r(estio) r(n) 2040 4611 y(cont) r(rol) 19
b(pro\002le.) 27 b(These) 19 b(\002gure) r(s) f(sho) n(w) h(that) g
(the) g(pack) q(et) g(loss) 2040 4715 y(prob) r(abilit) r(y) e(of) i
(RED) d(decre) r(ases) j(rapidl) r(y) f(as) g(the) g(bott) r(lenec) r
(k) 2040 4818 y(link) 29 b(ban) r(dwidth) g(incre) r(ases.) 44
b(Moreo) q(v) o(er) l(,) 29 b(it) g(indica) r(tes) g(that) 2040
4922 y(analy) r(tic) 20 b(result) r(s) f(and) h(simulat) r(ion) g(ones)
g(coin) r(cide) g(with) g(suf-) 2040 5026 y(\002cient) k(accu) r(rac) o
(y) -6 b(.) 2197 5131 y(Ne) o(xt,) 21 b(we) h(focu) r(s) g(on) g(the) h
(transi) r(ent) f(stat) r(e) g(perfor) r(mance) 2040
5235 y(of) 33 b(DCCP/RE) n(D.) f(Figure) i(4) f(sho) n(ws) g(the) h
(maximum) f(mod-) 2040 5338 y(ulus) e(of) g(the) g(state) g(trans) r
(ition) g(matrix) g(\() p Fd(A) p Fv 30 w(or) p Fd 31
w(A) 15 b(B) p Fp 3717 5305 a(n) p Fi(\000) p Fj(1) p
Fv 3854 5338 a(\)) 30 b(of) 2040 5442 y(DCCP) n(/RED) 40
b(for) i(dif) n(fe) r(rent) g(settin) r(gs) g(of) f(the) h(bott) r
(lenec) r(k) 2040 5546 y(link) 30 b(bandwid) r(th.) 44
b(Figure) 30 b(4\(a\)) f(sho) n(ws) g(resu) r(lts) f(for) i(DCC) n(P)
2040 5650 y(with) 21 b(the) h(TCP) n(-lik) q(e) e(con) r(gestio) r(n) h
(contr) r(ol) g(pro\002le) h(\(Eq.) e(\(3\)\).) 2040
5753 y(Figure) 33 b(4\(b\)) h(sho) n(ws) f(result) r(s) f(for) h(DCCP) d
(with) j(the) g(TFR) n(C) 2040 5857 y(cong) r(estion) d(con) r(trol) f
(pro\002le) h(\(Eq.) e(\(4\)\)) r(.) 45 b(In) 29 b(these) h(\002gures,)
p dyy eop end
%%Page: 8 8
TeXDict begin 8 7 bop Fv 779 302 a(T) -7 b(able) 23 b(2:) 29
b(P) o(arameters) 24 b(used) h(in) e(numeric) r(al) g(e) o(xample) i
(and) f(simulati) r(on) p 515 334 2811 4 v 1266 413 a(netw) o(o) r(rk) f
(para) r(meters) p 515 450 V 564 529 a(numbe) r(r) g(of) g(DCCP) e(con)
r(nectio) r(ns) p Fr 863 w(N) p Fv 393 w(10) 564 642
y(tw) o(o-w) o(ay) j(pro) r(pagatio) r(n) f(delay) i(of) e(DCCP) e
(conn) r(ectio) r(n) p Fr 200 w(\034) p Fv 223 w(50,) i(100) h([ms]) 564
755 y(acce) r(ss) f(link) h(ban) r(dwidth) 1420 b(10) p
Fr 24 w(\026) p Fv 23 w([Mbit/s]) 564 868 y(pac) r(k) o(et) 23
b(len) r(gth) g(of) h(DCCP) d(conn) r(ectio) r(n) 989
b(100) r(0) 23 b([byte) r(]) p 515 905 V 1618 984 a(RED) f(paramet) r
(ers) p 515 1021 V 564 1100 a(maximum) i(pack) o(e) r(t) f(loss) h
(prob) r(abilit) r(y) p Fr 674 w(max) p Fp 2632 1114
a(p) p Fv 2974 1100 a(0.1) 564 1213 y(minimum) g(thresh) r(old) p
Fr 1166 w(min) p Fp 2610 1228 a(th) p Fv 2826 1213 a(20) f([pa) r(ck) o
(et]) 564 1326 y(maximum) h(thres) r(hold) p Fr 1144
w(max) p Fp 2617 1341 a(th) p Fv 2803 1326 a(100) g([pac) r(k) o(et])
564 1439 y(weigh) r(t) f(of) g(e) o(xpon) r(entia) r(l) g(weighted) i
(mo) o(ving) f(a) n(v) o(erag) r(e) p Fr 197 w(w) p Fp
2575 1453 a(q) p Fv 2929 1439 a(0.002) -120 2567 y @beginspecial
50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2434 @rwi 1094 @rhi
@setspecial
%%BeginDocument: figure/tcpl-diff-rate-10-rtt-10-20-100-0.1-0.002-thro.eps
%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0
%%Title: ./figure/tcpl-diff-rate-10-rtt-10-20-100-0.1-0.002-thro.eps
%%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0
%%CreationDate: Wed Jun  8 16:22:29 2005
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176
%%Orientation: Portrait
%%EndComments
/gnudict 256 dict def
gnudict begin
/Color false def
/Solid false def
/gnulinewidth 5.000 def
/userlinewidth gnulinewidth def
/vshift -46 def
/dl {10.0 mul} def
/hpt_ 31.5 def
/vpt_ 31.5 def
/hpt hpt_ def
/vpt vpt_ def
/Rounded false def
/M {moveto} bind def
/L {lineto} bind def
/R {rmoveto} bind def
/V {rlineto} bind def
/N {newpath moveto} bind def
/C {setrgbcolor} bind def
/f {rlineto fill} bind def
/vpt2 vpt 2 mul def
/hpt2 hpt 2 mul def
/Lshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 vshift R show } def
/Rshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def
/Cshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def
/UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def
  /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def
/DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash }
 {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def
/BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def
      dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def
/PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def
/LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def
/LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def
/LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def
/LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def
/LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def
/LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def
/LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def
/LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def
/LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def
/Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash
   gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def
/Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V
  currentpoint stroke M
  hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke
  } def
/Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M
  hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def
/TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def
/BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V  hpt2 0 V  0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V  closepath fill } def
/TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def
/TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def
/DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def
/Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def
/PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath fill grestore } def
/Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def
/CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def
/C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450  arc } bind def
/C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy        moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C13 { BL [] 0 setdash  2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/Rec   { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto
       neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def
/Square { dup Rec } bind def
/Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def
/S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def
/S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill
       exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def
/D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def
/D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def
/D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def
/D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def
/D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def
/D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def
/D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def
/D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def
/D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def
/D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def
/D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def
/D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def
/D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def
/D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def
/D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def
/D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def
/DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def
/BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def
/TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore } def
/CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def
/Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def
/DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def
/BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def
/TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  Opaque stroke grestore } def
/CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
/BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def
/BoxColFill {
  gsave Rec
  /Fillden exch def
  currentrgbcolor
  /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def
  /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
    PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate
    PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec
    gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip
    currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth
    /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def
    0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
    0 PFa 6 get ne {
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for
    } if
    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
currentdict end definefont pop
/MFshow {
   { dup 5 get 3 ge
     { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse }
     {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont
     [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6
     get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq
     {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5
     get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div
     dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get
     show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop
     pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse }
     ifelse }
   forall} bind def
/MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont
     setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def
/MLshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 exch R MFshow } bind def
/MRshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
/MCshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
end
%%EndProlog
gnudict begin
gsave
50 50 translate
0.050 0.050 scale
0 setgray
newpath
(Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont
1.000 UL
LTb
630 420 M
63 0 V
2669 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
546 420 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
630 806 M
63 0 V
2669 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
546 806 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 10)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
630 1193 M
63 0 V
2669 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
546 1193 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 20)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
630 1579 M
63 0 V
2669 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
546 1579 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 30)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
630 1966 M
63 0 V
2669 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
546 1966 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 40)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
630 2352 M
63 0 V
2669 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
546 2352 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 50)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
630 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
630 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1176 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1176 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 10)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1723 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1723 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 20)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2269 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2269 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 30)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2816 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2816 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 40)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
3362 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
3362 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 50)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1.000 UL
LTb
630 420 M
2732 0 V
0 1932 V
-2732 0 V
630 420 L
LTb
140 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (DCCP packet transmission rate [Mbit/s])]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
grestore
LTb
1996 70 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Bottleneck link bandwidth [Mbit/s])]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT0
LTb
2711 2219 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (t)]
[(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=50 [ms] \(analysis\))]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT0
2795 2219 M
399 0 V
794 536 M
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
1.000 UL
LT1
LTb
2711 2079 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (t)]
[(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=100 [ms] \(analysis\))]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT1
2795 2079 M
399 0 V
739 497 M
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT2
LTb
2711 1939 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (t)]
[(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=50 [ms] \(simulation\))]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT2
903 613 Pls
1176 806 Pls
1450 997 Pls
1723 1174 Pls
1996 1345 Pls
2269 1508 Pls
2542 1667 Pls
2816 1823 Pls
3089 1981 Pls
3362 2136 Pls
2994 1939 Pls
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT3
LTb
2711 1799 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (t)]
[(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=100 [ms] \(simulation\))]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT3
903 613 Crs
1176 797 Crs
1450 964 Crs
1723 1123 Crs
1996 1275 Crs
2269 1429 Crs
2542 1562 Crs
2816 1711 Crs
3089 1865 Crs
3362 2013 Crs
2994 1799 Crs
1.000 UL
LTb
630 420 M
2732 0 V
0 1932 V
-2732 0 V
630 420 L
1.000 UP
stroke
grestore
end
showpage
%%Trailer
%%DocumentFonts: Symbol Helvetica

%%EndDocument
@endspecial Fc 120 2763 a(\(a\)) 18 b(DCCP) g(with) h(TCP-) n(lik) o(e)
g(cong) r(estion) g(control) g(pro\002le) 1954 2567 y
@beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2434
@rwi 1094 @rhi @setspecial
%%BeginDocument: figure/tfrc-diff-rate-10-rtt-10-20-100-0.1-0.002-thro.eps
%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0
%%Title: ./figure/tfrc-diff-rate-10-rtt-10-20-100-0.1-0.002-thro.eps
%%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0
%%CreationDate: Wed Jun  8 16:22:29 2005
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176
%%Orientation: Portrait
%%EndComments
/gnudict 256 dict def
gnudict begin
/Color false def
/Solid false def
/gnulinewidth 5.000 def
/userlinewidth gnulinewidth def
/vshift -46 def
/dl {10.0 mul} def
/hpt_ 31.5 def
/vpt_ 31.5 def
/hpt hpt_ def
/vpt vpt_ def
/Rounded false def
/M {moveto} bind def
/L {lineto} bind def
/R {rmoveto} bind def
/V {rlineto} bind def
/N {newpath moveto} bind def
/C {setrgbcolor} bind def
/f {rlineto fill} bind def
/vpt2 vpt 2 mul def
/hpt2 hpt 2 mul def
/Lshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 vshift R show } def
/Rshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def
/Cshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def
/UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def
  /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def
/DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash }
 {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def
/BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def
      dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def
/PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def
/LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def
/LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def
/LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def
/LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def
/LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def
/LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def
/LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def
/LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def
/LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def
/Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash
   gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def
/Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V
  currentpoint stroke M
  hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke
  } def
/Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M
  hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def
/TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def
/BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V  hpt2 0 V  0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V  closepath fill } def
/TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def
/TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def
/DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def
/Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def
/PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath fill grestore } def
/Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def
/CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def
/C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450  arc } bind def
/C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy        moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C13 { BL [] 0 setdash  2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/Rec   { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto
       neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def
/Square { dup Rec } bind def
/Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def
/S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def
/S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill
       exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def
/D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def
/D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def
/D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def
/D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def
/D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def
/D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def
/D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def
/D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def
/D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def
/D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def
/D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def
/D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def
/D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def
/D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def
/D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def
/D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def
/DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def
/BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def
/TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore } def
/CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def
/Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def
/DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def
/BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def
/TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  Opaque stroke grestore } def
/CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
/BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def
/BoxColFill {
  gsave Rec
  /Fillden exch def
  currentrgbcolor
  /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def
  /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
    PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate
    PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec
    gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip
    currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth
    /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def
    0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
    0 PFa 6 get ne {
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for
    } if
    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
currentdict end definefont pop
/MFshow {
   { dup 5 get 3 ge
     { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse }
     {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont
     [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6
     get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq
     {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5
     get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div
     dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get
     show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop
     pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse }
     ifelse }
   forall} bind def
/MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont
     setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def
/MLshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 exch R MFshow } bind def
/MRshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
/MCshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
end
%%EndProlog
gnudict begin
gsave
50 50 translate
0.050 0.050 scale
0 setgray
newpath
(Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont
1.000 UL
LTb
630 420 M
63 0 V
2669 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
546 420 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
630 806 M
63 0 V
2669 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
546 806 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 10)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
630 1193 M
63 0 V
2669 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
546 1193 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 20)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
630 1579 M
63 0 V
2669 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
546 1579 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 30)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
630 1966 M
63 0 V
2669 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
546 1966 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 40)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
630 2352 M
63 0 V
2669 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
546 2352 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 50)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
630 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
630 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1176 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1176 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 10)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1723 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1723 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 20)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2269 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2269 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 30)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2816 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2816 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 40)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
3362 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
3362 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 50)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1.000 UL
LTb
630 420 M
2732 0 V
0 1932 V
-2732 0 V
630 420 L
LTb
140 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (DCCP packet transmission rate [Mbit/s])]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
grestore
LTb
1996 70 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Bottleneck link bandwidth [Mbit/s])]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT0
LTb
2711 2219 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (t)]
[(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=50 [ms] \(analysis\))]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT0
2795 2219 M
399 0 V
685 459 M
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
1.000 UL
LT1
LTb
2711 2079 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (t)]
[(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=100 [ms] \(analysis\))]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT1
2795 2079 M
399 0 V
685 459 M
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
55 39 V
54 38 V
55 39 V
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT2
LTb
2711 1939 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (t)]
[(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=50 [ms] \(simulation\))]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT2
903 613 Pls
1176 806 Pls
1450 1000 Pls
1723 1193 Pls
1996 1386 Pls
2269 1579 Pls
2542 1772 Pls
2816 1965 Pls
3089 2157 Pls
3362 2350 Pls
2994 1939 Pls
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT3
LTb
2711 1799 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (t)]
[(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=100 [ms] \(simulation\))]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT3
903 613 Crs
1176 806 Crs
1450 999 Crs
1723 1192 Crs
1996 1385 Crs
2269 1578 Crs
2542 1770 Crs
2816 1962 Crs
3089 2155 Crs
3362 2336 Crs
2994 1799 Crs
1.000 UL
LTb
630 420 M
2732 0 V
0 1932 V
-2732 0 V
630 420 L
1.000 UP
stroke
grestore
end
showpage
%%Trailer
%%DocumentFonts: Symbol Helvetica

%%EndDocument
@endspecial 2235 2763 a(\(b\)) g(DCCP) e(with) i(TFRC) e(cong) r
(estion) i(control) g(pro\002le) p Fv 444 3016 a(Figure) 25
b(2:) j(DCCP/RE) n(D) 23 b(stead) r(y) g(state) h(perfo) r(rmance) g
(\(DCCP) e(pack) o(e) r(t) h(transmis) r(sion) h(rate\)) -150
3392 y(the) 40 b(weight) p Fr 39 w(w) p Fp 350 3406 a(q) p
Fv 427 3392 a(of) f(the) h(e) o(xpone) r(ntial) g(weighte) r(d) f(mo) o
(ving) -150 3496 y(a) n(v) o(era) r(ge) d(of) f(RED) f(is) i(con\002gu)
r(red) g(to) g(0.000) r(2,) i(0.002) f(and) -150 3600
y(0.02.) i(Moreo) q(v) o(er) l(,) 27 b(the) g(numb) r(er) f(of) h(DCCP)
e(conn) r(ection) r(s) h(is) p Fr -150 3704 a(N) p Fq
38 w(=) i(1) p Fv(,) c(and) i(the) f(tw) o(o-w) o(ay) h(propa) r
(gation) g(delay) g(of) f(DCC) n(P) -150 3807 y(conn) r(ection) g(is) p
Fr 23 w(\034) p Fq 35 w(=) g(10) p Fv 24 w([ms].) 7 3950
y(These) 36 b(\002gures) g(sho) n(w) g(that) g(the) g(maximum) g
(modulu) r(s) -150 4054 y(incre) r(ases) 30 b(as) f(the) g(bott) r
(leneck) h(link) g(band) r(width) f(incre) r(ases.) -150
4158 y(This) 43 b(means) g(that) g(the) g(tran) r(sient) g(stat) r(e) f
(perfo) r(rmance) h(of) -150 4262 y(DCCP) n(/RED) h(de) o(gr) r(ades) i
(as) g(the) g(bottl) r(eneck) h(link) f(band) r(-) -150
4365 y(width) 34 b(incre) r(ases.) 59 b(Moreo) o(v) o(er) n(,) 35
b(it) e(can) h(be) g(foun) r(d) f(that) h(the) -150 4469
y(maximum) 27 b(modulu) r(s) g(increa) r(ses) g(as) g(the) h(weight) p
Fr 27 w(w) p Fp 1522 4483 a(q) p Fv 1587 4469 a(of) f(the) -150
4573 y(e) o(xpon) r(entia) r(l) 44 b(weighte) r(d) g(mo) o(ving) i(a) n
(v) o(erag) r(e) e(of) h(RED) e(be-) -150 4677 y(comes) 30
b(small.) 46 b(This) 29 b(can) h(be) f(e) o(xpla) r(ined) h(as) f
(follows.) 45 b(The) -150 4780 y(time) 30 b(for) h(the) g(a) n(v) o
(era) r(ge) g(queue) g(len) r(gth) g(of) f(RED) f(follo) n(win) r(g)
-150 4884 y(chan) r(ge) 35 b(of) g(the) g(netw) o(o) r(rk) g(state) h
(increa) r(ses) f(as) g(the) h(weight) p Fr -150 4988
a(w) p Fp -85 5002 a(q) p Fv -14 4988 a(of) e(the) g(e) o(xpo) r(nenti)
r(al) f(weight) r(ed) h(mo) o(ving) g(a) n(v) o(er) r(age) g(be-) -150
5092 y(comes) 27 b(small.) 39 b(Hence,) 28 b(it) e(bec) r(omes) h(slo) n
(w) f(that) i(the) f(pack) o(e) r(t) -150 5196 y(loss) 19
b(prob) r(abilit) r(y) f(of) g(RED) e(follows) h(chan) r(ge) h(of) g
(the) h(netw) o(or) r(k) -150 5299 y(state) r(.) 41 b(Namely) -6
b(,) 30 b(settin) r(g) p Fr 27 w(w) p Fp 749 5313 a(q) p
Fv 815 5299 a(to) e(be) g(a) g(small) g(v) n(alu) r(e) f(has) i(the)
-150 5403 y(same) d(ef) n(fect) h(with) e(incr) r(easing) i(the) f
(feedb) r(ack) g(dela) r(y) f(of) h(the) -150 5507 y(entir) r(e) d
(netw) o(ork) r(.) 7 5650 y(Finally) -6 b(,) 36 b(we) d(in) l(v) o(es) r
(tigate) h(ho) n(w) f(the) h(maximum) f(mod-) -150 5753
y(ulus) f(of) f(the) g(stat) r(e) g(transi) r(tion) g(matrix) h(of) f
(DCCP/RE) n(D) f(af-) -150 5857 y(fects) j(the) e(tran) r(sient) h
(stat) r(e) f(perfo) r(rmance) h(of) g(DCCP) n(/RED.) 2040
3392 y(Figure) 40 b(5) f(sho) n(ws) g(the) h(e) n(v) n(ol) r(ution) g
(of) f(the) h(a) n(v) o(era) r(ge) f(queu) r(e) 2040
3496 y(leng) r(th) p 2308 3447 44 4 v Fr 41 w(q) p Fq
3 w(\() p Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 41 w(of) j(RED.) d(Figure) j(5\(a\)) g
(shows) e(resul) r(ts) h(for) 2040 3600 y(DCCP) 31 b(with) i(the) h
(TCP-lik) o(e) f(cong) r(estio) r(n) g(contr) r(ol) g(pro\002le.) 2040
3704 y(Figure) 28 b(5\(b\)) f(shows) f(for) h(DCCP) d(with) j(the) h
(TFR) n(C) e(con) r(ges-) 2040 3807 y(tion) e(cont) r(rol) f(pro) r
(\002le.) 2197 3950 y(Furthermor) r(e,) 47 b(the) d(a) n(v) o(erag) r
(e) e(que) r(ue) h(lengt) r(h) p 3726 3901 V Fr 43 w(q) p
Fi 3769 3917 a(\003) p Fv 3809 3950 a(,) k(the) 2040
4054 y(maximum) 41 b(modulu) r(s) p Fr 40 w(\025) p Fv
40 w(of) g(the) g(stat) r(e) f(trans) r(ition) i(matrix) 2040
4158 y(of) 27 b(DCCP/RE) n(D,) f(ramp-u) r(p) g(time,) i(o) o(v) o
(ersh) r(oot) g(and) f(sett) r(ling) 2040 4262 y(time) i(are) g(sho) n
(wn) g(in) g(T) -7 b(ab) l(.) 28 b(3.) 45 b(In) 28 b(our) i(e) o(xperi)
r(ments,) g(ramp-) 2040 4365 y(up) j(time) f(is) h(de\002ned) g(as) g
(the) g(time) g(requir) r(ed) f(for) h(the) g(a) n(v) o(er-) 2040
4469 y(age) g(queue) g(leng) r(th) f(of) g(RED) e(to) i(reac) r(h) f
(95\045) i(of) f(the) g(equi) r(-) 2040 4573 y(libri) r(um) 27
b(v) n(alue.) 42 b(Ov) o(ersh) r(oot) 28 b(is) g(de\002ned) g(as) g
(the) g(maximum) 2040 4677 y(dif) n(fer) r(ence) j(of) g(the) g(a) n(v)
o(erag) r(e) f(queu) r(e) g(lengt) r(h) g(of) h(RED) d(from) 2040
4780 y(the) h(equil) r(ibrium) g(v) n(alue) r(.) 43 b(Settling) 29
b(time) g(is) f(de\002ned) h(as) g(the) 2040 4884 y(time) c(requir) r
(ed) g(for) g(the) g(a) n(v) o(erag) r(e) f(que) r(ue) g(leng) r(th) h
(of) f(RED) f(to) 2040 4988 y(be) 35 b(settl) r(ed) g(within) h(5\045) e
(of) h(the) h(equili) r(brium) f(v) n(alu) r(e.) 63 b(The) 2040
5092 y(weight) p Fr 30 w(w) p Fp 2381 5106 a(q) p Fv
2447 5092 a(of) 29 b(the) h(e) o(xpon) r(ential) g(weighte) r(d) e(mo) o
(ving) i(a) n(v) o(er-) 2040 5196 y(age) f(of) g(RED) f(is) g(con) r
(\002gured) h(to) g(0.00) r(02,) h(0.002) g(and) f(0.02.) 2040
5299 y(Moreo) o(v) o(er) n(,) f(the) g(numbe) r(r) f(of) h(DCCP) e
(conne) r(ction) r(s) h(is) p Fr 28 w(N) p Fq 43 w(=) 2040
5403 y(1) p Fv(,) 35 b(the) e(bott) r(lenec) r(k) f(link) i(band) r
(width) f(is) p Fr 33 w(\026) p Fq 43 w(=) 43 b(4) p
Fv 32 w([Mbit/) r(s],) 2040 5507 y(and) 30 b(the) g(tw) o(o-w) o(ay) g
(propa) r(gation) g(dela) r(y) f(of) g(DCCP) f(is) p
Fr 29 w(\034) p Fq 46 w(=) 2040 5611 y(10) p Fv 24 w([ms].) 2197
5753 y(These) c(resu) r(lts) g(show) f(that) i(the) g(ramp-up) h(time) e
(and) h(the) 2040 5857 y(settl) r(ing) c(time) g(become) h(small) f(as)
g(the) g(weight) p Fr 22 w(w) p Fp 3590 5871 a(q) p Fv
3648 5857 a(of) g(the) g(e) o(x-) p dyy eop end
%%Page: 9 9
TeXDict begin 9 8 bop -120 1152 a @beginspecial 50 @llx
50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2434 @rwi 1094 @rhi @setspecial
%%BeginDocument: figure/tcpl-diff-rate-10-rtt-10-20-100-0.1-0.002-mark.eps
%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0
%%Title: ./figure/tcpl-diff-rate-10-rtt-10-20-100-0.1-0.002-mark.eps
%%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0
%%CreationDate: Wed Jun  8 16:22:29 2005
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176
%%Orientation: Portrait
%%EndComments
/gnudict 256 dict def
gnudict begin
/Color false def
/Solid false def
/gnulinewidth 5.000 def
/userlinewidth gnulinewidth def
/vshift -46 def
/dl {10.0 mul} def
/hpt_ 31.5 def
/vpt_ 31.5 def
/hpt hpt_ def
/vpt vpt_ def
/Rounded false def
/M {moveto} bind def
/L {lineto} bind def
/R {rmoveto} bind def
/V {rlineto} bind def
/N {newpath moveto} bind def
/C {setrgbcolor} bind def
/f {rlineto fill} bind def
/vpt2 vpt 2 mul def
/hpt2 hpt 2 mul def
/Lshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 vshift R show } def
/Rshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def
/Cshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def
/UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def
  /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def
/DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash }
 {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def
/BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def
      dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def
/PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def
/LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def
/LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def
/LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def
/LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def
/LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def
/LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def
/LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def
/LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def
/LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def
/Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash
   gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def
/Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V
  currentpoint stroke M
  hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke
  } def
/Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M
  hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def
/TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def
/BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V  hpt2 0 V  0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V  closepath fill } def
/TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def
/TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def
/DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def
/Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def
/PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath fill grestore } def
/Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def
/CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def
/C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450  arc } bind def
/C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy        moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C13 { BL [] 0 setdash  2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/Rec   { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto
       neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def
/Square { dup Rec } bind def
/Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def
/S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def
/S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill
       exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def
/D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def
/D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def
/D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def
/D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def
/D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def
/D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def
/D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def
/D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def
/D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def
/D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def
/D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def
/D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def
/D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def
/D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def
/D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def
/D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def
/DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def
/BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def
/TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore } def
/CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def
/Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def
/DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def
/BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def
/TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  Opaque stroke grestore } def
/CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
/BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def
/BoxColFill {
  gsave Rec
  /Fillden exch def
  currentrgbcolor
  /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def
  /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
    PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate
    PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec
    gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip
    currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth
    /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def
    0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
    0 PFa 6 get ne {
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for
    } if
    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
currentdict end definefont pop
/MFshow {
   { dup 5 get 3 ge
     { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse }
     {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont
     [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6
     get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq
     {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5
     get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div
     dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get
     show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop
     pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse }
     ifelse }
   forall} bind def
/MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont
     setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def
/MLshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 exch R MFshow } bind def
/MRshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
/MCshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
end
%%EndProlog
gnudict begin
gsave
50 50 translate
0.050 0.050 scale
0 setgray
newpath
(Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont
1.000 UL
LTb
882 420 M
63 0 V
2417 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
798 420 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1e-04)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
882 565 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 650 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 711 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 758 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 796 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 828 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 856 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 881 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 903 M
63 0 V
2417 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
798 903 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.001)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
882 1048 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1133 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1194 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1241 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1279 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1311 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1339 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1364 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1386 M
63 0 V
2417 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
798 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.01)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
882 1531 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1616 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1677 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1724 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1762 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1794 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1822 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1847 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1869 M
63 0 V
2417 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
798 1869 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.1)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
882 2014 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 2099 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 2160 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 2207 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 2245 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 2277 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 2305 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 2330 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 2352 M
63 0 V
2417 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
798 2352 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
882 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
882 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1378 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1378 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 10)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1874 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1874 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 20)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2370 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2370 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 30)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2866 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2866 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 40)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
3362 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
3362 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 50)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1.000 UL
LTb
882 420 M
2480 0 V
0 1932 V
-2480 0 V
882 420 L
LTb
140 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (RED packet loss probability)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
grestore
LTb
2122 70 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Bottleneck link bandwidth [Mbit/s])]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT0
LTb
2711 2219 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (t)]
[(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=50 [ms] \(analysis\))]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT0
2795 2219 M
399 0 V
1031 1651 M
49 -30 V
50 -28 V
50 -28 V
49 -27 V
50 -26 V
49 -25 V
50 -25 V
50 -23 V
49 -22 V
50 -21 V
49 -20 V
50 -20 V
50 -19 V
49 -18 V
50 -17 V
49 -17 V
50 -16 V
50 -16 V
49 -15 V
50 -14 V
49 -14 V
50 -14 V
50 -13 V
49 -13 V
50 -13 V
49 -12 V
50 -11 V
50 -12 V
49 -11 V
50 -11 V
49 -11 V
50 -10 V
50 -10 V
49 -10 V
50 -10 V
49 -9 V
50 -9 V
50 -9 V
49 -9 V
50 -9 V
49 -8 V
50 -9 V
50 -8 V
49 -8 V
50 -8 V
49 -8 V
50 -7 V
1.000 UL
LT1
LTb
2711 2079 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (t)]
[(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=100 [ms] \(anaylysis\))]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT1
2795 2079 M
399 0 V
981 1621 M
50 -56 V
49 -53 V
50 -50 V
50 -45 V
49 -41 V
50 -39 V
49 -35 V
50 -33 V
50 -31 V
49 -28 V
50 -27 V
49 -26 V
50 -23 V
50 -23 V
49 -22 V
50 -20 V
49 -20 V
50 -18 V
50 -18 V
49 -17 V
50 -17 V
49 -16 V
50 -15 V
50 -15 V
49 -14 V
50 -14 V
49 -13 V
50 -13 V
50 -13 V
49 -12 V
50 -12 V
49 -11 V
50 -12 V
50 -11 V
49 -10 V
50 -11 V
49 -10 V
50 -10 V
50 -9 V
49 -10 V
50 -9 V
49 -9 V
50 -9 V
50 -9 V
49 -8 V
50 -9 V
49 -8 V
50 -8 V
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT2
LTb
2711 1939 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (t)]
[(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=50 [ms] \(simulation\))]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT2
1130 1646 Pls
1378 1519 Pls
1626 1433 Pls
1874 1373 Pls
2122 1359 Pls
2370 1268 Pls
2618 1244 Pls
2866 1208 Pls
3114 1164 Pls
3362 1136 Pls
2994 1939 Pls
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT3
LTb
2711 1799 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (t)]
[(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=100 [ms] \(simulation\))]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT3
1130 1519 Crs
1378 1413 Crs
1626 1253 Crs
1874 1162 Crs
2122 1131 Crs
2370 1054 Crs
2618 979 Crs
2866 949 Crs
3114 887 Crs
3362 907 Crs
2994 1799 Crs
1.000 UL
LTb
882 420 M
2480 0 V
0 1932 V
-2480 0 V
882 420 L
1.000 UP
stroke
grestore
end
showpage
%%Trailer
%%DocumentFonts: Symbol Helvetica

%%EndDocument
@endspecial Fc 120 1348 a(\(a\)) 18 b(DCCP) g(with) h(TCP-) n(lik) o(e)
g(cong) r(estion) g(control) g(pro\002le) 1954 1152 y
@beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2434
@rwi 1094 @rhi @setspecial
%%BeginDocument: figure/tfrc-diff-rate-10-rtt-10-20-100-0.1-0.002-mark.eps
%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0
%%Title: ./figure/tfrc-diff-rate-10-rtt-10-20-100-0.1-0.002-mark.eps
%%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0
%%CreationDate: Wed Jun  8 16:22:29 2005
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176
%%Orientation: Portrait
%%EndComments
/gnudict 256 dict def
gnudict begin
/Color false def
/Solid false def
/gnulinewidth 5.000 def
/userlinewidth gnulinewidth def
/vshift -46 def
/dl {10.0 mul} def
/hpt_ 31.5 def
/vpt_ 31.5 def
/hpt hpt_ def
/vpt vpt_ def
/Rounded false def
/M {moveto} bind def
/L {lineto} bind def
/R {rmoveto} bind def
/V {rlineto} bind def
/N {newpath moveto} bind def
/C {setrgbcolor} bind def
/f {rlineto fill} bind def
/vpt2 vpt 2 mul def
/hpt2 hpt 2 mul def
/Lshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 vshift R show } def
/Rshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def
/Cshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def
/UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def
  /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def
/DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash }
 {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def
/BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def
      dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def
/PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def
/LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def
/LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def
/LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def
/LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def
/LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def
/LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def
/LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def
/LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def
/LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def
/Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash
   gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def
/Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V
  currentpoint stroke M
  hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke
  } def
/Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M
  hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def
/TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def
/BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V  hpt2 0 V  0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V  closepath fill } def
/TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def
/TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def
/DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def
/Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def
/PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath fill grestore } def
/Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def
/CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def
/C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450  arc } bind def
/C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy        moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C13 { BL [] 0 setdash  2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/Rec   { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto
       neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def
/Square { dup Rec } bind def
/Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def
/S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def
/S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill
       exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def
/D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def
/D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def
/D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def
/D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def
/D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def
/D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def
/D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def
/D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def
/D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def
/D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def
/D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def
/D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def
/D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def
/D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def
/D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def
/D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def
/DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def
/BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def
/TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore } def
/CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def
/Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def
/DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def
/BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def
/TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  Opaque stroke grestore } def
/CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
/BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def
/BoxColFill {
  gsave Rec
  /Fillden exch def
  currentrgbcolor
  /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def
  /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
    PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate
    PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec
    gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip
    currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth
    /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def
    0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
    0 PFa 6 get ne {
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for
    } if
    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
currentdict end definefont pop
/MFshow {
   { dup 5 get 3 ge
     { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse }
     {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont
     [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6
     get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq
     {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5
     get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div
     dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get
     show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop
     pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse }
     ifelse }
   forall} bind def
/MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont
     setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def
/MLshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 exch R MFshow } bind def
/MRshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
/MCshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
end
%%EndProlog
gnudict begin
gsave
50 50 translate
0.050 0.050 scale
0 setgray
newpath
(Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont
1.000 UL
LTb
882 420 M
63 0 V
2417 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
798 420 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1e-04)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
882 565 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 650 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 711 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 758 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 796 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 828 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 856 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 881 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 903 M
63 0 V
2417 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
798 903 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.001)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
882 1048 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1133 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1194 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1241 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1279 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1311 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1339 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1364 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1386 M
63 0 V
2417 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
798 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.01)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
882 1531 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1616 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1677 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1724 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1762 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1794 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1822 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1847 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 1869 M
63 0 V
2417 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
798 1869 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.1)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
882 2014 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 2099 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 2160 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 2207 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 2245 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 2277 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 2305 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 2330 M
31 0 V
2449 0 R
-31 0 V
882 2352 M
63 0 V
2417 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
798 2352 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
882 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
882 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1378 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1378 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 10)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1874 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1874 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 20)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2370 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2370 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 30)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2866 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2866 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 40)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
3362 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
3362 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 50)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1.000 UL
LTb
882 420 M
2480 0 V
0 1932 V
-2480 0 V
882 420 L
LTb
140 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (RED packet loss probability)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
grestore
LTb
2122 70 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Bottleneck link bandwidth [Mbit/s])]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT0
LTb
2711 2219 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (t)]
[(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=50 [ms] \(analysis\))]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT0
2795 2219 M
399 0 V
932 1644 M
49 -22 V
50 -22 V
49 -22 V
50 -21 V
50 -21 V
49 -21 V
50 -21 V
49 -20 V
50 -19 V
50 -20 V
49 -18 V
50 -19 V
49 -18 V
50 -17 V
50 -17 V
49 -17 V
50 -16 V
49 -16 V
50 -15 V
50 -15 V
49 -15 V
50 -14 V
49 -14 V
50 -13 V
50 -13 V
49 -13 V
50 -12 V
49 -12 V
50 -12 V
50 -12 V
49 -11 V
50 -11 V
49 -10 V
50 -11 V
50 -10 V
49 -10 V
50 -10 V
49 -9 V
50 -10 V
50 -9 V
49 -9 V
50 -9 V
49 -8 V
50 -9 V
50 -8 V
49 -8 V
50 -8 V
49 -8 V
50 -8 V
1.000 UL
LT1
LTb
2711 2079 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (t)]
[(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=100 [ms] \(analysis\))]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT1
2795 2079 M
399 0 V
932 1622 M
49 -44 V
50 -42 V
49 -42 V
50 -39 V
50 -38 V
49 -37 V
50 -34 V
49 -33 V
50 -31 V
50 -30 V
49 -28 V
50 -26 V
49 -25 V
50 -24 V
50 -23 V
49 -21 V
50 -21 V
49 -20 V
50 -19 V
50 -18 V
49 -17 V
50 -17 V
49 -16 V
50 -16 V
50 -15 V
49 -14 V
50 -14 V
49 -14 V
50 -13 V
50 -13 V
49 -13 V
50 -12 V
49 -11 V
50 -12 V
50 -11 V
49 -11 V
50 -10 V
49 -11 V
50 -10 V
50 -10 V
49 -9 V
50 -10 V
49 -9 V
50 -9 V
50 -9 V
49 -9 V
50 -8 V
49 -8 V
50 -8 V
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT2
LTb
2711 1939 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (t)]
[(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=50 [ms] \(simulation\))]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT2
1130 1634 Pls
1378 1537 Pls
1626 1419 Pls
1874 1331 Pls
2122 1277 Pls
2370 1240 Pls
2618 1193 Pls
2866 1145 Pls
3114 1121 Pls
3362 1051 Pls
2994 1939 Pls
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT3
LTb
2711 1799 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Symbol) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (t)]
[(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=100 [ms] \(simulation\))]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT3
1130 1537 Crs
1378 1357 Crs
1626 1252 Crs
1874 1116 Crs
2122 1059 Crs
2370 1000 Crs
2618 925 Crs
2866 905 Crs
3114 814 Crs
3362 792 Crs
2994 1799 Crs
1.000 UL
LTb
882 420 M
2480 0 V
0 1932 V
-2480 0 V
882 420 L
1.000 UP
stroke
grestore
end
showpage
%%Trailer
%%DocumentFonts: Symbol Helvetica

%%EndDocument
@endspecial 2235 1348 a(\(b\)) g(DCCP) e(with) i(TFRC) e(cong) r
(estion) i(control) g(pro\002le) p Fv 500 1601 a(Figure) 24
b(3:) 29 b(DCCP) n(/RED) 22 b(stea) r(dy) h(state) i(perfor) r(mance) f
(\(RED) d(pac) r(k) o(et) j(loss) g(proba) r(bility) r(\)) -120
2815 y @beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury
2434 @rwi 1094 @rhi @setspecial
%%BeginDocument: figure/tcpl-diff-rate-rate-10-1-20-100-0.1-wq-stability-lambda.eps
%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0
%%Title: ./figure/tcpl-diff-rate-rate-10-1-20-100-0.1-wq-stability-lambda.eps
%%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0
%%CreationDate: Thu Jun  9 21:39:57 2005
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176
%%Orientation: Portrait
%%EndComments
/gnudict 256 dict def
gnudict begin
/Color false def
/Solid false def
/gnulinewidth 5.000 def
/userlinewidth gnulinewidth def
/vshift -46 def
/dl {10.0 mul} def
/hpt_ 31.5 def
/vpt_ 31.5 def
/hpt hpt_ def
/vpt vpt_ def
/Rounded false def
/M {moveto} bind def
/L {lineto} bind def
/R {rmoveto} bind def
/V {rlineto} bind def
/N {newpath moveto} bind def
/C {setrgbcolor} bind def
/f {rlineto fill} bind def
/vpt2 vpt 2 mul def
/hpt2 hpt 2 mul def
/Lshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 vshift R show } def
/Rshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def
/Cshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def
/UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def
  /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def
/DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash }
 {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def
/BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def
      dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def
/PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def
/LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def
/LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def
/LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def
/LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def
/LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def
/LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def
/LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def
/LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def
/LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def
/Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash
   gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def
/Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V
  currentpoint stroke M
  hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke
  } def
/Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M
  hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def
/TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def
/BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V  hpt2 0 V  0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V  closepath fill } def
/TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def
/TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def
/DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def
/Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def
/PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath fill grestore } def
/Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def
/CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def
/C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450  arc } bind def
/C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy        moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C13 { BL [] 0 setdash  2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/Rec   { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto
       neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def
/Square { dup Rec } bind def
/Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def
/S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def
/S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill
       exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def
/D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def
/D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def
/D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def
/D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def
/D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def
/D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def
/D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def
/D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def
/D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def
/D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def
/D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def
/D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def
/D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def
/D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def
/D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def
/D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def
/DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def
/BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def
/TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore } def
/CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def
/Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def
/DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def
/BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def
/TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  Opaque stroke grestore } def
/CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
/BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def
/BoxColFill {
  gsave Rec
  /Fillden exch def
  currentrgbcolor
  /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def
  /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
    PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate
    PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec
    gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip
    currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth
    /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def
    0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
    0 PFa 6 get ne {
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for
    } if
    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
currentdict end definefont pop
/MFshow {
   { dup 5 get 3 ge
     { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse }
     {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont
     [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6
     get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq
     {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5
     get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div
     dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get
     show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop
     pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse }
     ifelse }
   forall} bind def
/MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont
     setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def
/MLshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 exch R MFshow } bind def
/MRshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
/MCshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
end
%%EndProlog
gnudict begin
gsave
50 50 translate
0.050 0.050 scale
0 setgray
newpath
(Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont
1.000 UL
LTb
798 420 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 420 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.9)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 903 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 903 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.95)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 1386 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 1869 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 1869 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1.05)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 2352 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 2352 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1.1)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
798 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1311 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1311 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 2)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1824 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1824 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 4)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2336 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2336 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 6)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2849 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2849 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 8)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
3362 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
3362 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 10)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1.000 UL
LTb
798 420 M
2564 0 V
0 1932 V
-2564 0 V
798 420 L
LTb
140 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Maximum modulus)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
grestore
LTb
2080 70 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Bottleneck link bandwidth [Mbit/s])]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT0
LTb
2711 2219 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (w)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true true 0 (q)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=0.0002)]
] -32.7 MRshow
grestore
LT0
2795 2219 M
399 0 V
1542 420 M
25 963 V
257 0 V
256 1 V
256 5 V
257 9 V
256 14 V
257 21 V
256 29 V
1.000 UL
LT1
LTb
2711 2079 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (w)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true true 0 (q)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=0.002)]
] -32.7 MRshow
grestore
LT1
2795 2079 M
399 0 V
1542 420 M
25 934 V
257 0 V
256 16 V
256 40 V
257 64 V
256 84 V
257 96 V
256 101 V
1.000 UL
LT2
LTb
2711 1939 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (w)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true true 0 (q)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=0.02)]
] -32.7 MRshow
grestore
LT2
2795 1939 M
399 0 V
1549 420 M
18 645 V
257 10 V
256 130 V
256 194 V
257 209 V
256 207 V
257 202 V
256 196 V
1.000 UL
LT3
798 1386 M
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
1.000 UL
LTb
798 420 M
2564 0 V
0 1932 V
-2564 0 V
798 420 L
1.000 UP
stroke
grestore
end
showpage
%%Trailer
%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica-Oblique Helvetica

%%EndDocument
@endspecial Fc 120 3011 a(\(a\)) 18 b(DCCP) g(with) h(TCP-) n(lik) o(e)
g(cong) r(estion) g(control) g(pro\002le) 1954 2815 y
@beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2434
@rwi 1094 @rhi @setspecial
%%BeginDocument: figure/tfrc-diff-rate-rate-10-1-20-100-0.1-wq-stability-lambda.eps
%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0
%%Title: ./figure/tfrc-diff-rate-rate-10-1-20-100-0.1-wq-stability-lambda.eps
%%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0
%%CreationDate: Thu Jun  9 21:39:57 2005
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176
%%Orientation: Portrait
%%EndComments
/gnudict 256 dict def
gnudict begin
/Color false def
/Solid false def
/gnulinewidth 5.000 def
/userlinewidth gnulinewidth def
/vshift -46 def
/dl {10.0 mul} def
/hpt_ 31.5 def
/vpt_ 31.5 def
/hpt hpt_ def
/vpt vpt_ def
/Rounded false def
/M {moveto} bind def
/L {lineto} bind def
/R {rmoveto} bind def
/V {rlineto} bind def
/N {newpath moveto} bind def
/C {setrgbcolor} bind def
/f {rlineto fill} bind def
/vpt2 vpt 2 mul def
/hpt2 hpt 2 mul def
/Lshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 vshift R show } def
/Rshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def
/Cshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def
/UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def
  /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def
/DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash }
 {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def
/BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def
      dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def
/PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def
/LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def
/LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def
/LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def
/LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def
/LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def
/LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def
/LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def
/LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def
/LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def
/Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash
   gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def
/Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V
  currentpoint stroke M
  hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke
  } def
/Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M
  hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def
/TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def
/BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V  hpt2 0 V  0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V  closepath fill } def
/TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def
/TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def
/DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def
/Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def
/PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath fill grestore } def
/Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def
/CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def
/C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450  arc } bind def
/C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy        moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C13 { BL [] 0 setdash  2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/Rec   { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto
       neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def
/Square { dup Rec } bind def
/Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def
/S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def
/S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill
       exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def
/D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def
/D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def
/D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def
/D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def
/D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def
/D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def
/D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def
/D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def
/D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def
/D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def
/D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def
/D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def
/D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def
/D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def
/D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def
/D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def
/DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def
/BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def
/TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore } def
/CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def
/Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def
/DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def
/BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def
/TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  Opaque stroke grestore } def
/CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
/BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def
/BoxColFill {
  gsave Rec
  /Fillden exch def
  currentrgbcolor
  /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def
  /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
    PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate
    PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec
    gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip
    currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth
    /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def
    0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
    0 PFa 6 get ne {
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for
    } if
    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
currentdict end definefont pop
/MFshow {
   { dup 5 get 3 ge
     { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse }
     {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont
     [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6
     get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq
     {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5
     get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div
     dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get
     show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop
     pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse }
     ifelse }
   forall} bind def
/MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont
     setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def
/MLshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 exch R MFshow } bind def
/MRshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
/MCshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
end
%%EndProlog
gnudict begin
gsave
50 50 translate
0.050 0.050 scale
0 setgray
newpath
(Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont
1.000 UL
LTb
798 420 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 420 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.9)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 903 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 903 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.95)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 1386 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 1869 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 1869 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1.05)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 2352 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 2352 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1.1)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
798 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1311 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1311 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 2)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1824 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1824 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 4)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2336 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2336 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 6)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2849 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2849 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 8)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
3362 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
3362 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 10)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1.000 UL
LTb
798 420 M
2564 0 V
0 1932 V
-2564 0 V
798 420 L
LTb
140 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Maximum modulus)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
grestore
LTb
2080 70 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Bottleneck link bandwidth [Mbit/s])]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT0
LTb
2711 2219 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (w)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true true 0 (q)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=0.0002)]
] -32.7 MRshow
grestore
LT0
2795 2219 M
399 0 V
1798 420 M
26 962 V
256 -1 V
256 0 V
257 1 V
256 2 V
257 3 V
256 6 V
1.000 UL
LT1
LTb
2711 2079 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (w)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true true 0 (q)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=0.002)]
] -32.7 MRshow
grestore
LT1
2795 2079 M
399 0 V
1799 420 M
25 922 V
256 -6 V
256 0 V
257 9 V
256 20 V
257 34 V
256 52 V
1.000 UL
LT2
LTb
2711 1939 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (w)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true true 0 (q)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=0.02)]
] -32.7 MRshow
grestore
LT2
2795 1939 M
399 0 V
1809 420 M
15 515 V
256 -54 V
256 7 V
257 90 V
256 186 V
257 287 V
256 381 V
1.000 UL
LT3
798 1386 M
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
1.000 UL
LTb
798 420 M
2564 0 V
0 1932 V
-2564 0 V
798 420 L
1.000 UP
stroke
grestore
end
showpage
%%Trailer
%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica-Oblique Helvetica

%%EndDocument
@endspecial 2235 3011 a(\(b\)) g(DCCP) e(with) i(TFRC) e(cong) r
(estion) i(control) g(pro\002le) p Fv 97 3263 a(Figure) 24
b(4:) 29 b(DCCP) n(/RED) 22 b(trans) r(ient) i(state) g(perf) r
(ormance) g(\(maximum) g(modulu) r(s) f(of) g(the) h(state) g(tran) r
(sition) h(matrix\)) -150 3640 y(pone) r(ntial) h(weighte) r(d) f(mo) o
(ving) h(a) n(v) o(erag) r(e) e(of) i(RED) d(beco) r(mes) -150
3744 y(lar) n(g) r(e.) 28 b(Moreo) q(v) o(er) l(,) 23
b(compar) r(ison) h(of) f(DCCP) f(with) h(the) h(TCP-) -150
3847 y(lik) o(e) 42 b(cong) r(estio) r(n) f(contro) r(l) g(pro\002le) h
(and) g(DCCP) d(with) i(the) -150 3951 y(TFRC) 33 b(cong) r(estion) k
(contro) r(l) e(pro\002le) h(indica) r(tes) f(tha) r(t) f(eac) r(h) -150
4055 y(cong) r(estion) 22 b(cont) r(rol) f(pro\002le) h(sho) n(ws) f
(dif) n(fer) r(ent) g(chara) r(cteris) r(-) -150 4159
y(tics) 33 b(re) o(gardi) r(ng) f(the) h(o) o(v) o(ersh) r(oot.) 56
b(Namely) -6 b(,) 34 b(the) f(o) o(v) o(ersh) r(oot) -150
4262 y(of) 21 b(DCCP) e(with) i(the) h(TCP) n(-lik) q(e) e(con) r
(gestio) r(n) h(contr) r(ol) g(pro\002le) -150 4366 y(beco) r(mes) 36
b(small) h(as) g(the) g(weight) p Fr 37 w(w) p Fp 1044
4380 a(q) p Fv 1118 4366 a(of) g(the) g(e) o(xpo) r(nentia) r(l) -150
4470 y(weighte) r(d) 22 b(mo) o(ving) h(a) n(v) o(erag) r(e) e(bec) r
(omes) h(lar) n(g) r(e.) 27 b(On) 22 b(the) g(con) r(-) -150
4574 y(trary) l(,) 29 b(o) o(v) o(ersh) r(oot) g(of) g(DCCP) d(with) j
(the) h(TFR) n(C) e(cong) r(estio) r(n) -150 4678 y(cont) r(rol) 23
b(pro\002le) h(bec) r(omes) f(lar) n(g) r(e) g(as) p
Fr 23 w(w) p Fp 1097 4692 a(q) p Fv 1158 4678 a(beco) r(mes) g(lar) n
(g) r(e.) p Fs -150 5006 a(7) 119 b(RED-IQI) 74 b(\(RED) h(with) g
(Immediate) 29 5156 y(Queue) 31 b(Inf) m(ormation\)) p
Fv -150 5332 a(In) 26 b(Sectio) r(n) g(6,) g(in) g(the) h(syste) r(m) e
(where) i(DCCP) d(conne) r(ction) r(s) -150 5436 y(and) 30
b(RED) e(rou) r(ters) i(are) g(inte) r(rconn) r(ected) r(,) g(we) f(ha)
n(v) q(e) g(sho) n(wn) -150 5540 y(that) f(the) f(sett) r(ling) g(time)
g(bec) r(omes) g(lar) n(g) r(e) f(as) i(the) f(weight) p
Fr 28 w(w) p Fp 1762 5554 a(q) p Fv -150 5644 a(of) c(the) g(e) o(xpo) r
(nentia) r(l) f(weight) r(ed) h(mo) o(ving) g(a) n(v) o(er) r(age) g
(beco) r(mes) -150 5747 y(small.) 7 5857 y(The) 61 b(pack) o(e) r(t) g
(loss) i(proba) r(bility) p Fr 62 w(p) p Fp 1214 5872
a(b) p Fv 1309 5857 a(of) f(the) g(RED) 2040 3640 y(route) r(r) 42
b(is) g(determin) r(ed) g(by) h(the) f(line) r(r) f(func) r(tion) i(of)
p Fq 42 w(\() p 3841 3591 44 4 v Fr(q) p Fu 37 w(\000) p
Fr 2040 3744 a(min) p Fp 2206 3759 a(th) p Fq 2276 3744
a(\)) p Fr(=) p Fq(\() p Fr(max) p Fp 2571 3759 a(th) p
Fu 2680 3744 a(\000) p Fr 38 w(min) p Fp 2955 3759 a(th) p
Fq 3025 3744 a(\)) p Fv 47 w(\(Eq.9\).) 100 b(W) -7 b(e) 46
b(call) p Fq 48 w(\() p 3837 3694 V Fr(q) p Fu 41 w(\000) p
Fr 2040 3847 a(min) p Fp 2206 3862 a(th) p Fq 2276 3847
a(\)) p Fr(=) p Fq(\() p Fr(max) p Fp 2571 3862 a(th) p
Fu 2665 3847 a(\000) p Fr 22 w(min) p Fp 2924 3862 a(th) p
Fq 2994 3847 a(\)) p Ft 26 w(queu) r(e) 26 b(occu) r(pancy) p
Fv 2 w(.) 37 b(Use) 26 b(of) 2040 3951 y(this) e(funct) r(ion) f(is) g
(deter) r(mined) g(withou) r(t) g(suf) n(\002cient) r(ly) g(takin) r(g)
2040 4055 y(acco) r(unt) k(of) f(the) i(steady) g(state) g(perfor) r
(mance) f(and) g(the) g(tran) r(-) 2040 4159 y(sient) 21
b(stat) r(e) f(perfo) r(rmance) h(of) f(RED.) f(It) h(is) g(kno) n(wn) h
(that) g(when) 2040 4262 y(the) g(concav) o(e) f(func) r(tion) h(is) f
(used) i(as) e(the) h(func) r(tion) g(that) g(deter-) 2040
4366 y(mines) e(the) g(pack) o(e) r(t) f(loss) h(prob) r(abilit) r(y) p
Fr 18 w(p) p Fp 3280 4381 a(b) p Fv 3332 4366 a(of) f(the) h(RED) e
(route) r(r) l(,) 2040 4470 y(the) 30 b(transi) r(ent) f(stat) r(e) f
(per) r(formance) i(and) g(the) g(rob) n(u) r(stness) g(of) 2040
4574 y(RED) 22 b(impro) o(v) o(e) i([20].) 2197 4697
y(Therefor) r(e,) 49 b(in) 44 b(this) h(sect) r(ion,) k(to) c(impro) o
(v) o(e) g(the) g(sta-) 2040 4800 y(bilit) r(y) 35 b(and) i(tran) r
(sient) g(state) g(perfo) r(rmance) g(of) f(the) g(sys) r(tem) 2040
4904 y(where) 41 b(DCCP) d(conn) r(ectio) r(ns) i(and) h(RED) e(route) r
(rs) h(are) h(in-) 2040 5008 y(terco) r(nnect) r(ed,) 27
b(we) g(propo) r(se) g(a) g(RED) n(-IQI) g(\(RED) f(with) h(Im-) 2040
5112 y(mediate) h(Queue) g(Info) r(rmation) r(\)) e(by) i(addi) r(ng) f
(the) h(follo) n(win) r(g) 2040 5215 y(chan) r(ges) c(to) f(RED.) 2197
5338 y(First,) d(we) g(chang) r(e) g(the) g(calc) r(ulatio) r(n) g
(method) h(of) f(the) h(a) n(v-) 2040 5442 y(erage) 31
b(queu) r(e) e(leng) r(th) h(of) g(RED) n(.) f(In) h(RED-IQI,) e(the) j
(weight) 2040 5546 y(of) d(the) h(e) o(xpone) r(ntial) g(weighte) r(d) e
(mo) o(ving) i(a) n(v) o(era) r(ge) f(is) g(set) g(to) p
Fr 2040 5650 a(w) p Fp 2105 5664 a(q) p Fq 2170 5650
a(=) e(1) p Fv(.) 31 b(Thereby) l(,) 23 b(the) i(feedb) r(ack) g(delay)
g(of) f(DCCP/RE) n(D-) 2040 5753 y(IQI) h(becomes) h(small,) f(and) h
(the) g(stabil) r(ity) f(and) g(the) h(trans) r(ient) 2040
5857 y(state) g(perfor) r(mance) f(are) g(e) o(xpect) r(ed) f(to) h
(impro) o(v) o(e.) 33 b(Ho) n(we) n(v) o(er) l(,) p dyy
eop end
%%Page: 10 10
TeXDict begin 10 9 bop -120 1152 a @beginspecial 50 @llx
50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2434 @rwi 1094 @rhi @setspecial
%%BeginDocument: figure/tcpl-redecn-numeric.eps
%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0
%%Title: ./figure/tcpl-redecn-numeric.eps
%%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0
%%CreationDate: Thu Jun  9 21:55:51 2005
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176
%%Orientation: Portrait
%%EndComments
/gnudict 256 dict def
gnudict begin
/Color false def
/Solid false def
/gnulinewidth 5.000 def
/userlinewidth gnulinewidth def
/vshift -46 def
/dl {10.0 mul} def
/hpt_ 31.5 def
/vpt_ 31.5 def
/hpt hpt_ def
/vpt vpt_ def
/Rounded false def
/M {moveto} bind def
/L {lineto} bind def
/R {rmoveto} bind def
/V {rlineto} bind def
/N {newpath moveto} bind def
/C {setrgbcolor} bind def
/f {rlineto fill} bind def
/vpt2 vpt 2 mul def
/hpt2 hpt 2 mul def
/Lshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 vshift R show } def
/Rshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def
/Cshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def
/UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def
  /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def
/DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash }
 {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def
/BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def
      dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def
/PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def
/LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def
/LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def
/LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def
/LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def
/LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def
/LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def
/LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def
/LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def
/LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def
/Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash
   gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def
/Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V
  currentpoint stroke M
  hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke
  } def
/Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M
  hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def
/TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def
/BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V  hpt2 0 V  0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V  closepath fill } def
/TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def
/TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def
/DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def
/Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def
/PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath fill grestore } def
/Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def
/CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def
/C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450  arc } bind def
/C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy        moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C13 { BL [] 0 setdash  2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/Rec   { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto
       neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def
/Square { dup Rec } bind def
/Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def
/S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def
/S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill
       exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def
/D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def
/D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def
/D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def
/D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def
/D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def
/D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def
/D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def
/D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def
/D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def
/D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def
/D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def
/D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def
/D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def
/D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def
/D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def
/D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def
/DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def
/BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def
/TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore } def
/CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def
/Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def
/DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def
/BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def
/TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  Opaque stroke grestore } def
/CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
/BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def
/BoxColFill {
  gsave Rec
  /Fillden exch def
  currentrgbcolor
  /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def
  /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
    PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate
    PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec
    gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip
    currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth
    /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def
    0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
    0 PFa 6 get ne {
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for
    } if
    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
currentdict end definefont pop
/MFshow {
   { dup 5 get 3 ge
     { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse }
     {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont
     [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6
     get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq
     {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5
     get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div
     dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get
     show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop
     pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse }
     ifelse }
   forall} bind def
/MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont
     setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def
/MLshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 exch R MFshow } bind def
/MRshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
/MCshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
end
%%EndProlog
gnudict begin
gsave
50 50 translate
0.050 0.050 scale
0 setgray
newpath
(Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont
1.000 UL
LTb
714 420 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 420 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 903 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 903 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 50)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 1386 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 100)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 1869 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 1869 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 150)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 2352 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 2352 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 200)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
714 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1244 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1244 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 2000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1773 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1773 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 4000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2303 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2303 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 6000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2832 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2832 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 8000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
3362 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
3362 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 10000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1.000 UL
LTb
714 420 M
2648 0 V
0 1932 V
-2648 0 V
714 420 L
LTb
140 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (RED average queue length [packet])]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
grestore
LTb
2038 70 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Time [ms])]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT0
LTb
2711 2219 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (w)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true true 0 (q)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=0.0002)]
] -32.7 MRshow
grestore
LT0
2795 2219 M
399 0 V
714 420 M
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 6 V
3 6 V
3 8 V
2 9 V
3 10 V
2 11 V
3 13 V
3 14 V
2 17 V
3 18 V
3 20 V
2 22 V
3 24 V
3 27 V
2 28 V
3 28 V
3 25 V
2 20 V
3 17 V
3 14 V
2 12 V
3 11 V
3 9 V
2 9 V
3 8 V
2 8 V
3 7 V
3 7 V
2 7 V
3 6 V
3 7 V
2 6 V
3 6 V
3 6 V
2 6 V
3 6 V
3 6 V
2 5 V
3 6 V
3 5 V
2 6 V
3 5 V
2 6 V
3 5 V
3 5 V
2 5 V
3 5 V
3 5 V
2 5 V
3 5 V
3 5 V
2 5 V
3 5 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
stroke
984 1107 M
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 2 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 2 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
3 2 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
stroke
1259 1386 M
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
stroke
1535 1497 M
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
stroke
1810 1476 M
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
stroke
2086 1415 M
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
stroke
2361 1354 M
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
stroke
2636 1295 M
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
stroke
2912 1238 M
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
stroke
3187 1181 M
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
1.000 UL
LT1
LTb
2711 2079 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (w)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true true 0 (q)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=0.002)]
] -32.7 MRshow
grestore
LT1
2795 2079 M
399 0 V
714 420 M
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
3 4 V
2 7 V
3 9 V
3 12 V
2 16 V
3 19 V
3 24 V
2 29 V
3 35 V
3 41 V
2 48 V
3 54 V
3 54 V
2 47 V
3 38 V
2 30 V
3 25 V
3 21 V
2 18 V
3 17 V
3 16 V
2 15 V
3 14 V
3 13 V
2 13 V
3 12 V
3 12 V
2 12 V
3 11 V
3 11 V
2 10 V
3 10 V
3 10 V
2 10 V
3 9 V
2 9 V
3 9 V
3 9 V
2 8 V
3 8 V
3 8 V
2 8 V
3 8 V
3 7 V
2 7 V
3 7 V
3 7 V
2 6 V
3 6 V
3 6 V
2 6 V
3 6 V
2 6 V
3 5 V
3 5 V
2 6 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 5 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
984 1386 M
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 -2 V
2 -3 V
3 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -4 V
3 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -4 V
3 -4 V
3 -4 V
2 -3 V
3 -4 V
3 -5 V
2 -4 V
3 -4 V
3 -4 V
2 -5 V
3 -4 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -6 V
3 -5 V
2 -6 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -6 V
3 -5 V
3 -6 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -6 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -6 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -6 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -6 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -6 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -6 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -6 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -4 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
stroke
1259 982 M
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -4 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -4 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -4 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -4 V
3 -5 V
3 -4 V
2 -5 V
3 -4 V
3 -4 V
2 -5 V
3 -4 V
3 -4 V
2 -4 V
3 -3 V
2 -4 V
3 -4 V
3 -3 V
2 -3 V
3 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -3 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 5 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
stroke
1535 948 M
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 -2 V
2 -3 V
stroke
1810 942 M
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 -2 V
2 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 -2 V
2 -3 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 -2 V
2 -3 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
stroke
2086 917 M
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
stroke
2361 930 M
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
stroke
2636 911 M
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
stroke
2912 925 M
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
stroke
3187 912 M
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
1.000 UL
LT2
LTb
2711 1939 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (w)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true true 0 (q)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=0.02)]
] -32.7 MRshow
grestore
LT2
2795 1939 M
399 0 V
714 420 M
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 5 V
3 9 V
2 16 V
3 25 V
3 35 V
2 46 V
3 58 V
3 71 V
2 83 V
3 85 V
3 72 V
2 53 V
3 40 V
3 29 V
2 24 V
3 19 V
3 17 V
2 13 V
3 12 V
2 9 V
3 8 V
3 6 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -4 V
3 -5 V
3 -6 V
2 -6 V
3 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -8 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -9 V
3 -9 V
2 -9 V
3 -10 V
3 -10 V
2 -10 V
3 -10 V
3 -10 V
2 -10 V
3 -10 V
3 -10 V
2 -10 V
3 -10 V
3 -10 V
2 -10 V
3 -9 V
2 -9 V
3 -9 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -6 V
3 -6 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -4 V
3 -3 V
2 -3 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
stroke
984 924 M
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
stroke
1259 917 M
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
1535 917 M
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
stroke
1810 917 M
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
2086 917 M
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
2361 917 M
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
stroke
2636 917 M
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
2912 917 M
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
stroke
3187 917 M
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
1.000 UL
LTb
714 420 M
2648 0 V
0 1932 V
-2648 0 V
714 420 L
1.000 UP
stroke
grestore
end
showpage
%%Trailer
%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica-Oblique Helvetica

%%EndDocument
@endspecial Fc 120 1348 a(\(a\)) 18 b(DCCP) g(with) h(TCP-) n(lik) o(e)
g(cong) r(estion) g(control) g(pro\002le) 1954 1152 y
@beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2434
@rwi 1094 @rhi @setspecial
%%BeginDocument: figure/tfrc-redecn-numeric.eps
%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0
%%Title: ./figure/tfrc-redecn-numeric.eps
%%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0
%%CreationDate: Thu Jun  9 21:55:51 2005
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176
%%Orientation: Portrait
%%EndComments
/gnudict 256 dict def
gnudict begin
/Color false def
/Solid false def
/gnulinewidth 5.000 def
/userlinewidth gnulinewidth def
/vshift -46 def
/dl {10.0 mul} def
/hpt_ 31.5 def
/vpt_ 31.5 def
/hpt hpt_ def
/vpt vpt_ def
/Rounded false def
/M {moveto} bind def
/L {lineto} bind def
/R {rmoveto} bind def
/V {rlineto} bind def
/N {newpath moveto} bind def
/C {setrgbcolor} bind def
/f {rlineto fill} bind def
/vpt2 vpt 2 mul def
/hpt2 hpt 2 mul def
/Lshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 vshift R show } def
/Rshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def
/Cshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def
/UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def
  /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def
/DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash }
 {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def
/BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def
      dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def
/PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def
/LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def
/LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def
/LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def
/LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def
/LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def
/LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def
/LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def
/LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def
/LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def
/Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash
   gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def
/Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V
  currentpoint stroke M
  hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke
  } def
/Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M
  hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def
/TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def
/BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V  hpt2 0 V  0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V  closepath fill } def
/TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def
/TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def
/DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def
/Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def
/PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath fill grestore } def
/Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def
/CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def
/C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450  arc } bind def
/C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy        moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C13 { BL [] 0 setdash  2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/Rec   { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto
       neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def
/Square { dup Rec } bind def
/Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def
/S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def
/S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill
       exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def
/D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def
/D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def
/D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def
/D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def
/D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def
/D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def
/D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def
/D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def
/D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def
/D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def
/D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def
/D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def
/D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def
/D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def
/D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def
/D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def
/DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def
/BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def
/TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore } def
/CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def
/Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def
/DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def
/BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def
/TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  Opaque stroke grestore } def
/CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
/BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def
/BoxColFill {
  gsave Rec
  /Fillden exch def
  currentrgbcolor
  /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def
  /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
    PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate
    PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec
    gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip
    currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth
    /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def
    0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
    0 PFa 6 get ne {
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for
    } if
    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
currentdict end definefont pop
/MFshow {
   { dup 5 get 3 ge
     { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse }
     {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont
     [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6
     get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq
     {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5
     get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div
     dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get
     show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop
     pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse }
     ifelse }
   forall} bind def
/MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont
     setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def
/MLshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 exch R MFshow } bind def
/MRshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
/MCshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
end
%%EndProlog
gnudict begin
gsave
50 50 translate
0.050 0.050 scale
0 setgray
newpath
(Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont
1.000 UL
LTb
714 420 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 420 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 903 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 903 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 50)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 1386 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 100)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 1869 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 1869 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 150)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 2352 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 2352 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 200)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
714 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1244 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1244 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 2000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1773 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1773 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 4000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2303 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2303 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 6000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2832 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2832 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 8000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
3362 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
3362 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 10000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1.000 UL
LTb
714 420 M
2648 0 V
0 1932 V
-2648 0 V
714 420 L
LTb
140 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (RED average queue length [packet])]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
grestore
LTb
2038 70 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Time [ms])]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT0
LTb
2711 2219 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (w)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true true 0 (q)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=0.0002)]
] -32.7 MRshow
grestore
LT0
2795 2219 M
399 0 V
714 420 M
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 29 V
3 56 V
2 83 V
3 108 V
3 133 V
2 15 V
3 10 V
2 9 V
3 9 V
3 9 V
2 9 V
3 9 V
3 8 V
2 9 V
3 8 V
3 9 V
2 8 V
3 8 V
3 8 V
2 8 V
3 7 V
3 8 V
2 8 V
3 7 V
2 8 V
3 7 V
3 7 V
2 8 V
3 7 V
3 7 V
2 7 V
3 7 V
3 7 V
2 7 V
3 7 V
3 7 V
2 7 V
3 6 V
3 7 V
2 7 V
3 6 V
3 7 V
2 6 V
3 7 V
2 6 V
3 7 V
3 6 V
2 6 V
3 7 V
3 6 V
2 6 V
3 6 V
3 6 V
2 6 V
3 6 V
3 6 V
2 6 V
3 6 V
3 6 V
2 6 V
3 6 V
2 6 V
3 5 V
3 6 V
2 6 V
3 6 V
3 5 V
2 6 V
3 5 V
3 6 V
2 6 V
3 5 V
3 6 V
2 5 V
3 5 V
3 6 V
2 5 V
3 6 V
2 5 V
3 5 V
3 6 V
2 5 V
3 5 V
3 5 V
2 5 V
3 6 V
3 5 V
2 5 V
3 5 V
3 5 V
2 5 V
3 5 V
3 5 V
2 5 V
3 5 V
3 5 V
2 5 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
stroke
984 1445 M
3 5 V
2 5 V
3 5 V
3 4 V
2 5 V
3 5 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
3 4 V
2 5 V
3 5 V
3 4 V
2 5 V
3 4 V
2 5 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
3 4 V
2 5 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
2 5 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
stroke
1259 1850 M
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 2 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
3 2 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
3 2 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
3 2 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
stroke
1535 2097 M
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
stroke
1810 2213 M
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
stroke
2086 2208 M
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
stroke
2361 2104 M
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
stroke
2636 1987 M
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
stroke
2912 1876 M
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
stroke
3187 1771 M
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
1.000 UL
LT1
LTb
2711 2079 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (w)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true true 0 (q)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=0.002)]
] -32.7 MRshow
grestore
LT1
2795 2079 M
399 0 V
714 420 M
3 0 V
2 12 V
3 287 V
3 494 V
2 56 V
3 25 V
3 23 V
2 23 V
3 22 V
2 22 V
3 22 V
3 20 V
2 21 V
3 20 V
3 19 V
2 20 V
3 18 V
3 19 V
2 18 V
3 17 V
3 18 V
2 17 V
3 17 V
3 16 V
2 16 V
3 16 V
2 16 V
3 15 V
3 15 V
2 15 V
3 14 V
3 14 V
2 14 V
3 14 V
3 13 V
2 14 V
3 13 V
3 12 V
2 13 V
3 12 V
3 12 V
2 12 V
3 12 V
3 11 V
2 12 V
3 11 V
2 10 V
3 11 V
3 11 V
2 10 V
3 10 V
3 10 V
2 9 V
3 10 V
3 9 V
2 9 V
3 9 V
3 9 V
2 8 V
3 9 V
3 8 V
2 8 V
3 8 V
2 8 V
3 7 V
3 7 V
2 8 V
3 7 V
3 7 V
2 6 V
3 7 V
3 6 V
2 7 V
3 6 V
3 6 V
2 5 V
3 6 V
3 6 V
2 5 V
3 5 V
2 5 V
3 5 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
stroke
984 2289 M
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -3 V
3 -2 V
2 -4 V
3 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -3 V
3 -3 V
3 -4 V
2 -3 V
3 -4 V
3 -4 V
2 -4 V
3 -3 V
3 -4 V
2 -4 V
3 -5 V
3 -4 V
2 -4 V
3 -4 V
3 -5 V
2 -4 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -4 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -6 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -6 V
3 -5 V
2 -6 V
3 -5 V
3 -6 V
2 -6 V
3 -6 V
2 -6 V
3 -6 V
3 -6 V
2 -6 V
3 -6 V
3 -7 V
2 -6 V
3 -6 V
3 -7 V
2 -6 V
3 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -7 V
3 -6 V
3 -7 V
2 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -7 V
stroke
1259 1979 M
3 -7 V
3 -8 V
2 -7 V
3 -7 V
3 -8 V
2 -7 V
3 -8 V
3 -7 V
2 -8 V
3 -7 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -8 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -8 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -9 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -9 V
3 -8 V
2 -9 V
3 -9 V
3 -8 V
2 -9 V
3 -9 V
3 -9 V
2 -9 V
3 -8 V
3 -9 V
2 -9 V
3 -10 V
2 -9 V
3 -9 V
3 -9 V
2 -9 V
3 -10 V
3 -9 V
2 -9 V
3 -9 V
3 -9 V
2 -9 V
3 -9 V
3 -9 V
2 -9 V
3 -9 V
3 -9 V
2 -9 V
3 -9 V
2 -8 V
3 -9 V
3 -9 V
2 -8 V
3 -9 V
3 -8 V
2 -9 V
3 -8 V
3 -9 V
2 -8 V
3 -8 V
3 -9 V
2 -8 V
3 -8 V
3 -8 V
2 -9 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -8 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -8 V
3 -8 V
2 -7 V
3 -8 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -7 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -7 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -7 V
3 -8 V
2 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -8 V
3 -7 V
3 -8 V
2 -7 V
3 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -8 V
3 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -7 V
3 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -7 V
3 -7 V
stroke
1535 1133 M
3 -7 V
2 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -7 V
3 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -6 V
3 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -7 V
3 -6 V
3 -7 V
2 -6 V
3 -7 V
3 -6 V
2 -7 V
3 -6 V
3 -6 V
2 -6 V
3 -7 V
2 -6 V
3 -5 V
3 -6 V
2 -6 V
3 -6 V
3 -5 V
2 -6 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -4 V
3 -5 V
2 -4 V
3 -4 V
3 -4 V
2 -3 V
3 -4 V
2 -3 V
3 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -3 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 5 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
3 4 V
2 5 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
stroke
1810 1033 M
3 5 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
stroke
2086 1243 M
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
stroke
2361 1093 M
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
stroke
2636 1083 M
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
2912 1143 M
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
stroke
3187 1107 M
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
1.000 UL
LT2
LTb
2711 1939 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (w)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 112.0 -42.0 true true 0 (q)]
[(Helvetica-Oblique) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (=0.02)]
] -32.7 MRshow
grestore
LT2
2795 1939 M
399 0 V
714 420 M
3 0 V
2 118 V
2 1814 V
3 0 R
1 -206 V
2 105 V
3 101 V
255 0 R
2 -14 V
2 -17 V
3 -18 V
3 -18 V
2 -17 V
3 -18 V
3 -17 V
2 -18 V
3 -17 V
3 -17 V
2 -18 V
3 -17 V
3 -17 V
2 -17 V
3 -17 V
2 -17 V
3 -17 V
3 -17 V
2 -17 V
3 -16 V
3 -17 V
2 -17 V
3 -16 V
3 -17 V
2 -16 V
3 -16 V
3 -17 V
2 -16 V
3 -16 V
3 -16 V
2 -16 V
3 -15 V
2 -16 V
3 -16 V
3 -15 V
2 -15 V
3 -16 V
3 -15 V
2 -15 V
3 -15 V
3 -15 V
2 -14 V
3 -15 V
3 -14 V
2 -15 V
3 -14 V
3 -14 V
2 -14 V
3 -14 V
2 -13 V
3 -14 V
3 -13 V
2 -13 V
3 -13 V
3 -13 V
2 -13 V
3 -12 V
3 -13 V
2 -12 V
3 -12 V
3 -12 V
2 -11 V
3 -12 V
3 -11 V
2 -11 V
3 -11 V
3 -10 V
2 -11 V
3 -10 V
2 -10 V
3 -9 V
3 -10 V
2 -9 V
3 -9 V
3 -9 V
2 -9 V
3 -8 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -7 V
3 -8 V
2 -7 V
3 -7 V
3 -6 V
2 -7 V
3 -6 V
2 -6 V
3 -5 V
3 -6 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -4 V
2 -5 V
3 -4 V
stroke
1233 1147 M
3 -4 V
2 -4 V
3 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -3 V
3 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
stroke
1508 1113 M
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
1784 1113 M
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
stroke
2059 1113 M
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
2335 1113 M
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
2610 1113 M
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
stroke
2885 1113 M
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
3161 1113 M
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
1.000 UL
LTb
714 420 M
2648 0 V
0 1932 V
-2648 0 V
714 420 L
1.000 UP
stroke
grestore
end
showpage
%%Trailer
%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica-Oblique Helvetica

%%EndDocument
@endspecial 2235 1348 a(\(b\)) g(DCCP) e(with) i(TFRC) e(cong) r
(estion) i(control) g(pro\002le) p Fv 256 1601 a(Figure) 24
b(5:) 29 b(DCCP) n(/RED) 22 b(trans) r(ient) i(state) g(perf) r
(ormance) g(\(e) n(v) n(o) r(lution) h(of) e(RED) f(a) n(v) o(erag) r
(e) h(queu) r(e) g(length) r(\)) 893 1965 y(T) -7 b(able) 24
b(3:) 29 b(DCCP) n(/RED) 22 b(trans) r(ient) i(state) g(perfo) r
(rmance) g(indi) r(ces) p 66 1996 3709 4 v Fr 185 2075
a(w) r(q) p Fv 185 w(pro\002le) p 911 2026 44 4 v Fr
197 w(q) p Fi 955 2042 a(\003) p Fr 1275 2075 a(\025) p
Fv 199 w(ramp-up) g(time) g([ms]) 100 b(o) o(v) o(ersh) r(oot) 24
b([pack) o(e) r(t]) 100 b(settl) r(ing) 24 b(time) f([ms]) p
66 2112 3709 4 v 66 2129 V 115 2208 a(0.00) r(02) 100
b(CCID2) f(51.44) r(3) h(0.999) r(6) 372 b(560) 587 b(27.846) 521
b(361) r(40) 138 2321 y(0.002) 124 b(CCID2) 99 b(51.44) r(3) h(0.996) r
(7) 372 b(270) 587 b(24.996) 544 b(7960) 161 2434 y(0.02) 146
b(CCID2) 99 b(51.44) r(3) h(0.967) r(8) 372 b(180) 587
b(17.217) 567 b(920) p 66 2471 V 115 2550 a(0.00) r(02) 100
b(CCID3) f(71.72) r(4) h(0.999) r(5) 372 b(380) 587 b(44.189) 521
b(353) r(20) 138 2663 y(0.002) 124 b(CCID3) 99 b(71.72) r(4) h(0.995) r
(4) 395 b(40) 609 b(45.408) 544 b(7200) 161 2776 y(0.02) 146
b(CCID3) 99 b(71.72) r(4) h(0.953) r(3) 395 b(30) 609
b(54.653) 544 b(1960) -150 3067 y(by) 32 b(con) r(\002guring) h(to) p
Fr 32 w(w) p Fp 590 3081 a(q) p Fq 670 3067 a(=) 41 b(1) p
Fv(,) 34 b(the) e(pack) q(et) g(loss) h(proba) r(bil-) -150
3171 y(ity) 39 b(of) f(RED-IQI) f(may) i(sensit) r(i) n(v) o(ely) g
(\003uctuate) h(accord) r(ing) -150 3274 y(to) f(tempo) r(rary) g(v) n
(ari) r(ation) h(of) f(the) h(netw) o(ork) g(stat) r(e.) 75
b(Ho) n(w-) -150 3378 y(e) n(v) o(er) l(,) 21 b(sinc) r(e) f(the) g
(AIMD) f(con) r(gestio) r(n) h(contr) r(ol) g(is) g(used) i(in) e(the)
-150 3482 y(TCP-lik) o(e) 26 b(cong) r(estio) r(n) g(contr) r(ol) g
(pro\002le,) i(it) e(is) g(thou) r(ght) h(that) -150
3586 y(the) 20 b(v) n(ariat) r(ion) g(of) f(the) h(pack) q(et) f(loss) h
(pro) r(babili) r(ty) f(caus) r(es) g(littl) r(e) -150
3690 y(perfo) r(rmance) g(de) o(gra) r(dation) r(.) 26
b(On) 18 b(the) h(other) g(hand) r(,) f(sinc) r(e) g(the) -150
3793 y(TFRC) 29 b(cong) r(estion) j(con) r(trol) f(pro) r(\002le) f
(smoot) r(hs) h(the) h(pack) o(e) r(t) -150 3897 y(loss) d(e) n(v) o
(ent) f(rate) g([28]) r(,) g(it) f(is) h(thoug) r(ht) g(that) g(the) g
(v) n(aria) r(tion) g(of) -150 4001 y(the) e(pack) q(et) g(loss) g
(prob) r(abilit) r(y) f(is) h(also) g(cau) r(ses) g(little) g(per) r
(for) n(-) -150 4105 y(mance) e(de) o(gra) r(dation) r(.) 7
4216 y(Ne) o(xt,) h(we) f(chan) r(ge) h(the) g(fun) r(ction) h(that) g
(determin) r(es) f(the) -150 4319 y(pack) q(et) k(loss) h(prob) r
(abili) r(ty) f(of) g(RED.) f(RED) f(dete) r(rmines) j(the) -150
4423 y(pack) q(et) 22 b(loss) h(prob) r(abilit) r(y) f(using) h(the) g
(line) r(ar) f(funct) r(ion) h(to) f(the) -150 4527 y(queu) r(e) 27
b(occ) r(upanc) q(y) -6 b(.) 41 b(In) 28 b(RED-IQI,) f(we) g(chang) r
(e) h(this) g(func) r(-) -150 4631 y(tion) 20 b(to) f(a) g(concav) o(e)
g(funct) r(ion.) 27 b(Speci\002ca) r(lly) -6 b(,) 20
b(we) e(chan) r(ge) h(the) -150 4735 y(func) r(tion) j(that) f(det) r
(ermines) h(the) g(pack) o(e) r(t) e(loss) i(pro) r(babili) r(ty) p
Fr 21 w(p) p Fp 1766 4750 a(b) p Fv -150 4838 a(to) p
Fr 102 5083 a(p) p Fp 148 5098 a(b) p Fq 265 5083 a(=) p
Fr 83 w(max) p Fp 599 5097 a(p) p Fu 653 5083 a(G) p
Fp 707 5098 a(\036) p Fk 769 4964 a(\022) p 943 4972
44 4 v Fr 943 5021 a(q) p Fu 23 w(\000) p Fr 20 w(min) p
Fp 1264 5036 a(th) p 840 5062 598 4 v Fr 840 5145 a(max) p
Fp 1020 5160 a(th) p Fu 1110 5145 a(\000) p Fr 20 w(min) p
Fp 1367 5160 a(th) p Fk 1447 4964 a(\023) p Fr 1523 5083
a(;) p Fv 101 w(\(15\)) -150 5350 y(where) p Fu 24 w(G) p
Fp 149 5365 a(\036) p Fq 195 5350 a(\() p Fr(x) p Fq(\)) p
Fv 23 w(is) i(de\002ned) g(as) p Fu 259 5616 a(G) p Fp
313 5631 a(\036) p Fq 359 5616 a(\() p Fr(x) p Fq(\)) 83
b(=) p Fk 718 5522 a(\020) p Fq 768 5616 a(1) p Fu 20
w(\000) p Fk 924 5530 a(p) p 1007 5530 248 4 v Fq 1007
5616 a(1) p Fu 21 w(\000) p Fr 20 w(x) p Fj 1216 5590
a(2) p Fk 1255 5522 a(\021) p Fp 1305 5545 a(\036) p
Fr 1366 5616 a(:) p Fv 258 w(\(16\)) p Fr -150 5857 a(\036) p
Fq(\() p Fr(>) p Fq 36 w(0\)) p Fv 29 w(is) 29 b(a) f(para) r(meter) h
(dete) r(rmining) h(the) f(conc) r(a) n(vity) l(.) 44
b(In) 2040 3067 y(orde) r(r) 23 b(for) p Fu 23 w(G) p
Fp 2437 3082 a(\036) p Fv 2506 3067 a(to) h(be) f(conc) r(a) n(v) o(e,)
p Fr 2145 3272 a(d) p Fj 2192 3239 a(2) p Fu 2232 3272
a(G) p Fp 2286 3287 a(\036) p Fq 2332 3272 a(\() p Fr(x) p
Fq(\)) p 2145 3313 310 4 v Fr 2231 3397 a(dx) p Fj 2330
3370 a(2) p Fq 2490 3334 a(=) 2768 3273 y(1) p 2596 3313
390 4 v 2596 3402 a(\(1) p Fu 21 w(\000) p Fr 20 w(x) p
Fj 2840 3376 a(2) p Fq 2879 3402 a(\)) p Fj 2940 3366
a(3) p 2940 3381 36 4 v 2940 3433 a(2) p Fk 3010 3215
a(\032) p Fr 3072 3334 a(\036) p Fk 3141 3240 a(\020) p
Fq 3191 3334 a(1) p Fu 21 w(\000) p Fk 3348 3249 a(p) p
3431 3249 248 4 v Fq 3431 3334 a(1) p Fu 20 w(\000) p
Fr 20 w(x) p Fj 3639 3308 a(2) p Fk 3679 3240 a(\021) p
Fp 3728 3263 a(\036) p Fi(\000) p Fj(2) p Fu 2311 3564
a(\002) p Fk 2397 3470 a(\020) p Fq 2447 3564 a(1) d(+) p
Fk 2603 3478 a(p) p 2686 3478 V Fq 2686 3564 a(1) p Fu
21 w(\000) p Fr 20 w(x) p Fj 2895 3538 a(2) p Fk 2964
3470 a(\020) p Fq 3014 3564 a(\() p Fr(\036) p Fu 21
w(\000) p Fq 20 w(1\)) p Fr 31 w(x) p Fj 3378 3526 a(2) p
Fu 3437 3564 a(\000) p Fq 20 w(1) p Fk 3573 3470 a(\021\021o) p
Fu 3753 3564 a(\025) p Fq 25 w(0) p Fv 2040 3780 a(must) 25
b(be) f(satis) r(\002ed.) 31 b(By) 24 b(solv) r(ing) h(the) f(abo) q(v)
o(e) g(inequ) r(ality) h(for) p Fr 2040 3883 a(\036) p
Fv(,) e(we) f(ha) n(v) q(e) p Fr 2233 4148 a(\036) p
Fu 83 w(\025) p Fq 93 w(lim) p Fp 2524 4205 a(x) p Fi(!) p
Fj(0) p Fu 2695 4087 a(\000) p Fq(1) e(+) p Fu 2922 4010
a(p) p 2998 4010 V Fq 2998 4087 a(1) p Fu 20 w(\000) p
Fr 20 w(x) p Fj 3206 4060 a(2) p Fq 3266 4087 a(+) p
Fr 20 w(x) p Fj 3409 4054 a(2) p Fu 3463 4010 a(p) p
3539 4010 V Fq 3539 4087 a(1) p Fu 21 w(\000) p Fr 20
w(x) p Fj 3748 4060 a(2) p 2695 4127 1093 4 v Fr 3026
4221 a(x) p Fj 3078 4195 a(2) p Fu 3132 4144 a(p) p 3208
4144 248 4 v Fq 3208 4221 a(1) p Fu 21 w(\000) p Fr 20
w(x) p Fj 3417 4195 a(2) p Fq 2370 4385 a(=) 2534 4323
y(1) p 2534 4364 46 4 v 2534 4447 a(2) p Fr 2589 4385
a(:) p Fv 1225 w(\(17\)) 2197 4612 y(In) 27 b(what) g(foll) r(o) n(ws,)
g(by) h(presen) r(ting) g(se) n(v) o(era) r(l) e(numer) r(ical) 2040
4716 y(e) o(xample) r(s,) 38 b(we) d(show) f(qua) r(ntitat) r(i) n(v) o
(ely) i(ho) n(w) g(the) g(trans) r(ient) 2040 4819 y(state) k(perf) r
(ormance) g(of) f(DCCP/RE) n(D-IQI) g(chan) r(ges) g(with) 2040
4923 y(the) 33 b(band) r(width) f(and) h(the) g(prop) r(agatio) r(n) f
(delay) h(of) g(the) g(net-) 2040 5027 y(w) o(ork.) 67
b(First,) 39 b(we) c(focu) r(s) g(on) i(the) f(trans) r(ient) g(stat) r
(e) f(per) r(for) n(-) 2040 5131 y(mance) c(of) f(DCCP/RE) n(D-IQI.) g
(Figure) h(6) f(sho) n(ws) g(the) h(max-) 2040 5235 y(imum) 38
b(modul) r(us) h(of) g(the) g(state) h(transi) r(tion) f(matrix) h(\() p
Fd(A) p Fv 38 w(or) p Fd 2040 5338 a(A) 15 b(B) p Fp
2208 5305 a(n) p Fi(\000) p Fj(1) p Fv 2346 5338 a(\)) 28
b(of) g(DCCP/RE) n(D-IQI) g(for) h(dif) n(fer) r(ent) g(settin) r(gs) f
(of) 2040 5442 y(the) 41 b(bott) r(leneck) h(link) g(bandwid) r(th.) 80
b(Figure) r(.) 40 b(6\(a\)) h(sho) n(ws) 2040 5546 y(resul) r(ts) 30
b(for) h(DCCP) d(with) j(the) g(TCP) n(-lik) q(e) f(conge) r(stion) h
(con) r(-) 2040 5650 y(trol) 50 b(pro\002le) g(\(Eq.) f(\(3\)\).) 108
b(Figure.) 50 b(6\(b\)) g(sho) n(ws) g(result) r(s) 2040
5753 y(for) 32 b(DCCP) e(with) h(the) i(TFR) n(C) e(cong) r(estion) i
(cont) r(rol) f(pro\002le) 2040 5857 y(\(Eq.) 37 b(\(4\)\)) r(.) 71
b(F) o(or) 37 b(compa) r(rison) i(purp) r(oses,) j(the) c(maximum) p
dyy eop end
%%Page: 11 11
TeXDict begin 11 10 bop Fv -150 249 a(modulu) r(s) 26
b(of) h(the) g(state) h(trans) r(ition) f(matrix) h(of) e(DCCP/RE) n(D)
-150 352 y(is) 33 b(also) h(shown) e(in) i(the) f(\002gure.) 59
b(Here,) 36 b(the) d(weigh) r(t) p Fr 32 w(w) p Fp 1653
366 a(q) p Fv 1724 352 a(of) -150 456 y(the) e(e) o(xpon) r(ential) h
(weighted) g(mo) o(ving) f(a) n(v) o(era) r(ge) f(of) h(RED) d(is) -150
560 y(con\002gu) r(red) e(to) g(0.002.) 36 b(Moreo) q(v) o(er) l(,) 26
b(the) g(number) h(of) f(DCC) n(P) -150 664 y(conn) r(ection) r(s) i
(is) p Fr 29 w(N) p Fq 45 w(=) 35 b(1) p Fv(,) 30 b(and) g(the) f(tw) o
(o-w) o(ay) g(prop) r(agatio) r(n) -150 767 y(delay) c(of) e(DCCP) e
(con) r(nectio) r(n) i(is) p Fr 23 w(\034) p Fq 36 w(=) i(10) p
Fv 23 w([ms].) 7 878 y(It) 55 b(can) h(be) g(foun) r(d) f(that) h(the) g
(maximum) g(modulu) r(s) -150 982 y(of) 40 b(DCC) n(P/RED-IQI) e(inc) r
(reases) i(as) g(the) g(bottl) r(eneck) h(link) -150
1085 y(band) r(width) 34 b(increa) r(ses) f(from) h(this) g(\002gure.)
59 b(Moreo) o(v) o(er) n(,) 35 b(by) -150 1189 y(compar) r(ing) 44
b(the) h(maximum) f(modul) r(us) g(of) g(DCCP/RE) n(D-) -150
1293 y(IQI) d(with) h(tha) r(t) f(of) h(DCCP/RE) n(D,) f(it) h(can) g
(be) g(foun) r(d) g(that) -150 1397 y(the) 35 b(v) n(alue) g(of) g
(DCCP) n(/RED-IQI) f(is) g(smalle) r(r) g(than) h(that) g(of) -150
1501 y(DCCP) n(/RED.) d(This) g(means) i(that) g(DCCP) n(/RED-IQI) e
(oper-) -150 1604 y(ates) 24 b(more) g(stably) h(than) f(DCCP) n(/RED.)
7 1715 y(Ne) o(xt,) d(we) f(show) g(the) i(e) n(v) n(olut) r(ion) g(of)
f(the) h(a) n(v) o(erag) r(e) f(queu) r(e) -150 1819
y(leng) r(th) p 108 1769 44 4 v Fr 31 w(q) p Fq 3 w(\() p
Fr(k) p Fq 3 w(\)) p Fv 32 w(of) 32 b(RED-IQI) e(in) i(Fig.) f(7.) 54
b(Furthermor) r(e,) 33 b(the) -150 1922 y(a) n(v) o(era) r(ge) 25
b(queu) r(e) g(leng) r(th) p 648 1873 V Fr 25 w(q) p
Fi 692 1889 a(\003) p Fv 731 1922 a(,) g(the) h(maximum) g(modulus) p
Fr 27 w(\025) p Fv 24 w(of) -150 2026 y(the) 37 b(state) g(trans) r
(ition) g(matrix) r(,) h(ramp-u) r(p) e(time,) j(o) o(v) o(ersh) r(oot)
-150 2130 y(and) 44 b(settlin) r(g) f(time) f(of) h(DCCP/RE) n(D-IQI) g
(are) g(sho) n(wn) g(in) -150 2234 y(T) -7 b(ab) l(.) 30
b(4.) 48 b(F) o(or) 29 b(compar) r(ison) i(purpo) r(ses,) h(the) e(a) n
(v) o(era) r(ge) g(queu) r(e) -150 2337 y(leng) r(th) p
100 2288 V Fr 23 w(q) p Fi 144 2304 a(\003) p Fv 184
2337 a(,) 23 b(maximum) g(modul) r(us) p Fr 24 w(\025) p
Fv 23 w(of) h(the) g(state) h(transi) r(tion) -150 2441
y(matrix,) e(ramp-up) g(time,) f(and) h(o) o(v) o(ersho) r(ot) f(and) g
(sett) r(ling) g(time) -150 2545 y(of) 35 b(DCC) n(P/RED) e(are) i
(also) g(sho) n(wn) g(in) f(T) -7 b(ab) l(.) 34 b(4.) 62
b(Here,) 37 b(the) -150 2649 y(weight) p Fr 39 w(w) p
Fp 200 2663 a(q) p Fv 277 2649 a(of) h(the) h(e) o(xpo) r(nentia) r(l) f
(weight) r(ed) g(mo) o(ving) i(a) n(v-) -150 2753 y(erage) f(of) e(RED)
f(is) i(con\002gur) r(ed) f(to) h(0.002) r(.) 70 b(The) 37
b(numbe) r(r) -150 2856 y(of) 31 b(DCCP) d(conn) r(ectio) r(ns) i(is) p
Fr 31 w(N) p Fq 49 w(=) 38 b(1) p Fv(,) 32 b(the) f(bottl) r(eneck) h
(link) -150 2960 y(band) r(width) c(is) p Fr 28 w(\026) p
Fq 33 w(=) 33 b(4) p Fv 28 w([Mbit/s) r(],) 28 b(and) g(the) h(tw) o
(o-w) o(ay) f(prop) r(-) -150 3064 y(agatio) r(n) h(del) r(ay) h(of) g
(DCCP) d(is) p Fr 30 w(\034) p Fq 48 w(=) 37 b(10) p
Fv 30 w([ms].) 48 b(Figure) 31 b(7\(a\)) -150 3168 y(sho) n(ws) 22
b(result) r(s) f(for) h(DCC) n(P) f(with) g(the) h(TCP-lik) o(e) f
(cong) r(estio) r(n) -150 3271 y(cont) r(rol) 31 b(pro) r(\002le.) 52
b(Figure) 32 b(7\(b\)) h(sho) n(ws) e(resu) r(lts) h(for) g(DCC) n(P)
-150 3375 y(with) e(the) g(TFR) n(C) f(cong) r(estion) i(contr) r(ol) e
(pro\002le) r(.) 46 b(These) 30 b(re-) -150 3479 y(sults) 42
b(sho) n(w) e(that) h(the) g(o) o(v) o(ersh) r(oot) g(and) g(the) g
(settli) r(ng) f(time) -150 3583 y(of) 29 b(DCCP/RE) n(D-IQI) g(beco) r
(me) g(smaller) h(and) g(the) g(ramp-u) r(p) -150 3687
y(time) 23 b(of) h(DCCP) n(/RED-IQI) f(becomes) h(lar) n(g) r(er) f
(than) i(those) f(of) -150 3790 y(DCCP) n(/RED.) p Fs
-150 4123 a(8) 119 b(Conclu) r(sion) 30 b(and) g(Futur) n(e) h(W) -9
b(ork) p Fv -150 4301 a(In) 43 b(this) h(pap) r(er) l(,) k(we) 42
b(ha) n(v) q(e) g(model) r(ed) h(DCCP) e(cong) r(estio) r(n) -150
4404 y(cont) r(rol) 23 b(mechani) r(sm) f(and) h(RED) e(as) i(indep) r
(enden) r(t) f(discr) r(ete-) -150 4508 y(time) g(sys) r(tems,) g(and) h
(ha) n(v) o(e) g(modele) r(d) f(the) h(entire) h(netw) o(ork) f(as) -150
4612 y(a) i(feedb) r(ack) h(system) g(by) f(inte) r(rconn) r(ecting) h
(DCCP) d(con) r(nec-) -150 4716 y(tions) 29 b(and) f(RED) e(rout) r
(ers.) 42 b(W) -7 b(e) 27 b(ha) n(v) o(e) h(ana) r(lyzed) h(the) f
(stead) r(y) -150 4819 y(state) i(and) g(transi) r(ent) f(state) h
(perfo) r(rmance) g(of) f(DCCP) n(/RED.) -150 4923 y(W) -7
b(e) 53 b(ha) n(v) q(e) g(deriv) o(ed) h(the) g(pac) r(k) o(et) g(tran)
r(smissio) r(n) f(rate) i(of) -150 5027 y(DCCP) 28 b(conne) r(ction) r
(s,) i(the) h(pack) o(e) r(t) e(tran) r(smission) i(rate,) h(the) -150
5131 y(pack) q(et) 27 b(loss) i(proba) r(bility) l(,) f(and) g(the) g
(a) n(v) o(era) r(ge) g(queue) h(lengt) r(h) -150 5235
y(of) i(the) g(RED) e(rout) r(er) h(in) h(stea) r(dy) g(state.) 52
b(W) -7 b(e) 30 b(ha) n(v) o(e) h(also) h(de-) -150 5338
y(ri) n(v) o(ed) j(the) h(paramete) r(r) e(re) o(gio) r(n) g(where) h
(DCCP/RE) n(D) f(oper-) -150 5442 y(ates) f(stably) g(by) f(line) r
(arizin) r(g) f(DCCP/RE) n(D) g(model) i(aroun) r(d) -150
5546 y(its) k(equ) r(ilibri) r(um) f(poin) r(t.) 70 b(Furthermor) r(e,)
40 b(we) c(ha) n(v) q(e) g(e) n(v) n(alu) r(-) -150 5650
y(ated) 24 b(the) g(transi) r(ent) f(state) h(perf) r(ormance) g(of) f
(DCCP/RE) n(D) f(in) -150 5753 y(terms) 32 b(of) f(ramp-up) h(time,) h
(o) o(v) o(ers) r(hoot,) g(and) f(sett) r(ling) g(time.) -150
5857 y(Conseq) r(uentl) r(y) -6 b(,) 18 b(we) g(ha) n(v) o(e) h(sho) n
(wn) f(that) h(the) g(stabil) r(ity) f(and) h(the) 2040
249 y(trans) r(ient) 42 b(state) g(per) r(formance) h(of) e(DCCP/RE) n
(D) g(de) o(grad) r(e) 2040 352 y(when) 26 b(the) g(weight) h(of) e
(the) h(e) o(xpo) r(nenti) r(al) f(weight) r(ed) h(mo) o(ving) 2040
456 y(a) n(v) o(era) r(ge) k(is) h(small.) 50 b(By) 30
b(add) r(ing) h(chang) r(es) f(to) h(the) g(func) r(tion) 2040
560 y(with) 24 b(which) g(RED) f(determin) r(es) h(the) g(pack) q(et) g
(loss) h(proba) r(bil-) 2040 664 y(ity) -6 b(,) 28 b(we) e(pro) r(pose)
h(RED-IQI.) f(W) -7 b(e) 26 b(ha) n(v) o(e) i(sho) n(wn) f(that) h
(RED-) 2040 767 y(IQI) 33 b(sign) r(i\002cantly) h(impro) q(v) o(es) f
(the) h(trans) r(ient) g(state) g(per) r(for) n(-) 2040
871 y(mance) 28 b(such) g(as) g(the) f(maximum) h(modulu) r(s,) f(the) h
(o) o(v) o(ersh) r(oot) 2040 975 y(and) j(the) f(sett) r(ling) g(time) g
(compa) r(red) g(with) g(RED.) e(As) i(futur) r(e) 2040
1079 y(w) o(ork,) 40 b(it) c(w) o(ould) h(be) g(inter) r(esting) h(to) e
(ana) r(lyze) h(lar) n(g) r(e-scal) r(e) 2040 1183 y(netw) o(or) r(ks)
24 b(by) h(appl) r(ying) g(the) g(analy) r(tic) g(appro) r(ach) g
(propo) r(sed) 2040 1286 y(in) c([26]) h(to) f(the) h(DCC) n(P/RED) d
(model) j(deri) n(v) q(ed) f(in) g(this) g(pap) r(er) -5
b(.) p Ft 2040 1618 a(Refer) m(enc) r(es:) p Fv 2085
1829 a([1]) 47 b(E.) 17 b(K) m(ohler) l(,) j(M.) d(Handle) q(y) -6
b(,) 18 b(and) h(S.) e(Flo) o(yd,) j(\223Design) r(ing) 2237
1933 y(DCCP) n(:) 35 b(Congest) r(ion) g(cont) r(rol) g(without) h
(reliab) r(ility) -6 b(,) g(\224) 2237 2036 y(tech.) 26
b(rep.,) f(ICSI) f(CENTE) n(R) g(for) i(Intern) r(et) f(Researc) r(h,)
2237 2140 y(2003) r(.) 2085 2345 y([2]) 47 b(J.) 24 b(Postel,) i
(\223User) f(datag) r(ram) g(protoc) r(ol,) -6 b(\224) p
Ft 25 w(Request) 26 b(for) 2237 2449 y(Comments) d(\(RFC\)) f(768) p
Fv 2 w(,) g(Aug.) h(198) r(0.) 2085 2654 y([3]) 47 b(M.) k(Allman,) 60
b(V) -12 b(.) 51 b(P) o(axson,) 60 b(and) 53 b(W) -8
b(.) 51 b(R.) g(Ste) n(v) o(ens,) 2237 2757 y(\223TCP) 46
b(cong) r(estio) r(n) h(cont) r(rol,) -6 b(\224) p Ft
54 w(Request) 49 b(for) f(Com-) 2237 2861 y(ments) 24
b(\(RFC\)) e(2581) p Fv 2 w(,) g(Apr) -5 b(.) 23 b(1999) r(.) 2085
3066 y([4]) 47 b(S.) 21 b(Flo) o(yd) h(and) h(K.) d(F) o(all,) i
(\223Promotin) r(g) f(the) i(use) f(of) g(end) r(-) 2237
3170 y(to-en) r(d) j(con) r(gestio) r(n) g(con) r(trol) h(in) g(the) g
(Inter) r(net,) -6 b(\224) p Ft 26 w(IEEE) 2237 3274
y(T) h(r) o(ansac) r(tions) 41 b(on) f(Network) r(ing) p
Fv(,) k(v) n(ol) r(.) 39 b(7,) 44 b(pp.) c(458) r(\226) 2237
3377 y(472,) 24 b(May) f(1999) r(.) 2085 3582 y([5]) 47
b(S.) 20 b(Flo) o(yd) r(,) h(M.) f(Handle) q(y) -6 b(,) 21
b(J.) g(P) o(adhye,) h(and) g(J.) g(W) l(idmer) l(,) 2237
3686 y(\223Equati) r(on-ba) r(sed) 34 b(cong) r(estion) h(contr) r(ol) e
(for) h(uni) r(cast) 2237 3790 y(appli) r(cation) r(s:) 52
b(the) 35 b(e) o(xte) r(nded) h(v) o(ersion) r(,) -6
b(\224) 37 b(tech.) e(rep) r(.,) 2237 3894 y(Inter) r(nation) r(al) j
(Computer) g(Scienc) r(e) f(Inst) r(itute,) 42 b(Mar) -5
b(.) 2237 3997 y(2000) r(.) 2085 4202 y([6]) 47 b(E.) 84
b(K) m(ohler) l(,) 102 b(M.) 85 b(Handle) o(y) -6 b(,) 102
b(and) 86 b(S.) e(Flo) o(yd,) 2237 4306 y(\223Datagr) r(am) 184
b(conge) r(stion) h(cont) r(rol) g(pro-) 2237 4410 y(tocol) 246
b(\(DCCP\),) -6 b(\224) p Ft 243 w(Inte) r(rnet) 245
b(Dr) o(aft) p Fb 2237 4514 a(<dra) n(ft-i) n(etf-) n(dccp-) n(spec) n
(-11.t) n(xt>) p Fv(,) 2237 4617 y(Mar) -5 b(.) 23 b(2005) r(.) 2085
4822 y([7]) 47 b(E.) f(K) m(ohler) l(,) 54 b(M.) 46 b(Handle) o(y) -6
b(,) 54 b(and) 48 b(S.) e(Flo) o(yd,) 53 b(\223Pro-) 2237
4926 y(\002le) 79 b(for) i(DCC) n(P) e(cong) r(estio) r(n) g(con) r
(trol) h(ID) f(2:) 2237 5030 y(TCP-lik) o(e) 56 b(conge) r(stion) h
(contr) r(ol,) -6 b(\224) p Ft 63 w(Inte) r(rnet) 56
b(Dr) o(aft) p Fb 2237 5133 a(<dra) n(ft-i) n(etf-) n(dccp-) n(ccid) n
(2-10.) n(txt>) p Fv -2 w(,) 2237 5237 y(Mar) -5 b(.) 23
b(2005) r(.) 2085 5442 y([8]) 47 b(E.) f(K) m(ohler) l(,) 54
b(M.) 46 b(Handle) o(y) -6 b(,) 54 b(and) 48 b(S.) e(Flo) o(yd,) 53
b(\223Pro-) 2237 5546 y(\002le) 79 b(for) i(DCC) n(P) e(cong) r(estio) r
(n) g(con) r(trol) h(ID) f(3:) 2237 5650 y(TFRC) f(cong) r(estio) r(n) i
(cont) r(rol,) -6 b(\224) p Ft 95 w(Intern) r(et) 80
b(Dr) o(aft) p Fb 2237 5753 a(<dra) n(ft-i) n(etf-) n(dccp-) n(ccid) n
(3-11.) n(txt>) p Fv -2 w(,) 2237 5857 y(Mar) -5 b(.) 23
b(2005) r(.) p dyy eop end
%%Page: 12 12
TeXDict begin 12 11 bop -120 1152 a @beginspecial 50
@llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2434 @rwi 1094 @rhi @setspecial
%%BeginDocument: figure/tcpl-diff-rate-rate-10-1-20-100-0.1-wq-stability-REDIQI-lambda.eps
%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0
%%Title: ./figure/tcpl-diff-rate-rate-10-1-20-100-0.1-wq-stability-REDIQI-lambda.eps
%%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0
%%CreationDate: Thu Jun  9 21:39:57 2005
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176
%%Orientation: Portrait
%%EndComments
/gnudict 256 dict def
gnudict begin
/Color false def
/Solid false def
/gnulinewidth 5.000 def
/userlinewidth gnulinewidth def
/vshift -46 def
/dl {10.0 mul} def
/hpt_ 31.5 def
/vpt_ 31.5 def
/hpt hpt_ def
/vpt vpt_ def
/Rounded false def
/M {moveto} bind def
/L {lineto} bind def
/R {rmoveto} bind def
/V {rlineto} bind def
/N {newpath moveto} bind def
/C {setrgbcolor} bind def
/f {rlineto fill} bind def
/vpt2 vpt 2 mul def
/hpt2 hpt 2 mul def
/Lshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 vshift R show } def
/Rshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def
/Cshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def
/UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def
  /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def
/DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash }
 {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def
/BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def
      dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def
/PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def
/LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def
/LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def
/LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def
/LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def
/LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def
/LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def
/LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def
/LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def
/LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def
/Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash
   gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def
/Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V
  currentpoint stroke M
  hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke
  } def
/Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M
  hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def
/TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def
/BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V  hpt2 0 V  0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V  closepath fill } def
/TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def
/TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def
/DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def
/Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def
/PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath fill grestore } def
/Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def
/CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def
/C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450  arc } bind def
/C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy        moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C13 { BL [] 0 setdash  2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/Rec   { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto
       neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def
/Square { dup Rec } bind def
/Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def
/S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def
/S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill
       exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def
/D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def
/D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def
/D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def
/D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def
/D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def
/D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def
/D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def
/D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def
/D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def
/D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def
/D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def
/D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def
/D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def
/D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def
/D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def
/D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def
/DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def
/BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def
/TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore } def
/CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def
/Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def
/DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def
/BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def
/TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  Opaque stroke grestore } def
/CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
/BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def
/BoxColFill {
  gsave Rec
  /Fillden exch def
  currentrgbcolor
  /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def
  /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
    PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate
    PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec
    gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip
    currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth
    /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def
    0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
    0 PFa 6 get ne {
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for
    } if
    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
currentdict end definefont pop
/MFshow {
   { dup 5 get 3 ge
     { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse }
     {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont
     [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6
     get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq
     {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5
     get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div
     dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get
     show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop
     pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse }
     ifelse }
   forall} bind def
/MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont
     setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def
/MLshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 exch R MFshow } bind def
/MRshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
/MCshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
end
%%EndProlog
gnudict begin
gsave
50 50 translate
0.050 0.050 scale
0 setgray
newpath
(Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont
1.000 UL
LTb
798 420 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 420 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.8)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 662 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 662 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.85)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 903 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 903 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.9)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 1145 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 1145 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.95)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 1386 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 1628 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 1628 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1.05)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 1869 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 1869 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1.1)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 2111 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 2111 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1.15)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 2352 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 2352 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1.2)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
798 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1311 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1311 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 2)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1824 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1824 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 4)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2336 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2336 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 6)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2849 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2849 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 8)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
3362 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
3362 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 10)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1.000 UL
LTb
798 420 M
2564 0 V
0 1932 V
-2564 0 V
798 420 L
LTb
140 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Maximum modulus)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
grestore
LTb
2080 70 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Bottleneck link bandwidth [Mbit/s])]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT0
LTb
2711 2219 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (RED)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT0
2795 2219 M
399 0 V
1517 420 M
50 950 V
257 0 V
256 8 V
256 20 V
257 32 V
256 42 V
257 48 V
256 51 V
1.000 UL
LT1
LTb
2711 2079 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (RED-IQI)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT1
2795 2079 M
399 0 V
1526 420 M
41 736 V
1824 908 L
2080 728 L
256 166 V
257 128 V
256 106 V
257 96 V
256 88 V
1.000 UL
LT2
798 1386 M
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
1.000 UL
LTb
798 420 M
2564 0 V
0 1932 V
-2564 0 V
798 420 L
1.000 UP
stroke
grestore
end
showpage
%%Trailer
%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica

%%EndDocument
@endspecial Fc 120 1348 a(\(a\)) 18 b(DCCP) g(with) h(TCP-) n(lik) o(e)
g(cong) r(estion) g(control) g(pro\002le) 1954 1152 y
@beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2434
@rwi 1094 @rhi @setspecial
%%BeginDocument: figure/tfrc-diff-rate-rate-10-1-20-100-0.1-wq-stability-REDIQI-lambda.eps
%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0
%%Title: ./figure/tfrc-diff-rate-rate-10-1-20-100-0.1-wq-stability-REDIQI-lambda.eps
%%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0
%%CreationDate: Thu Jun  9 21:39:57 2005
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176
%%Orientation: Portrait
%%EndComments
/gnudict 256 dict def
gnudict begin
/Color false def
/Solid false def
/gnulinewidth 5.000 def
/userlinewidth gnulinewidth def
/vshift -46 def
/dl {10.0 mul} def
/hpt_ 31.5 def
/vpt_ 31.5 def
/hpt hpt_ def
/vpt vpt_ def
/Rounded false def
/M {moveto} bind def
/L {lineto} bind def
/R {rmoveto} bind def
/V {rlineto} bind def
/N {newpath moveto} bind def
/C {setrgbcolor} bind def
/f {rlineto fill} bind def
/vpt2 vpt 2 mul def
/hpt2 hpt 2 mul def
/Lshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 vshift R show } def
/Rshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def
/Cshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def
/UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def
  /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def
/DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash }
 {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def
/BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def
      dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def
/PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def
/LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def
/LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def
/LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def
/LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def
/LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def
/LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def
/LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def
/LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def
/LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def
/Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash
   gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def
/Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V
  currentpoint stroke M
  hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke
  } def
/Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M
  hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def
/TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def
/BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V  hpt2 0 V  0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V  closepath fill } def
/TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def
/TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def
/DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def
/Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def
/PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath fill grestore } def
/Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def
/CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def
/C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450  arc } bind def
/C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy        moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C13 { BL [] 0 setdash  2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/Rec   { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto
       neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def
/Square { dup Rec } bind def
/Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def
/S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def
/S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill
       exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def
/D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def
/D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def
/D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def
/D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def
/D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def
/D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def
/D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def
/D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def
/D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def
/D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def
/D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def
/D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def
/D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def
/D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def
/D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def
/D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def
/DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def
/BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def
/TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore } def
/CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def
/Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def
/DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def
/BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def
/TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  Opaque stroke grestore } def
/CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
/BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def
/BoxColFill {
  gsave Rec
  /Fillden exch def
  currentrgbcolor
  /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def
  /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
    PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate
    PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec
    gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip
    currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth
    /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def
    0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
    0 PFa 6 get ne {
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for
    } if
    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
currentdict end definefont pop
/MFshow {
   { dup 5 get 3 ge
     { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse }
     {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont
     [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6
     get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq
     {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5
     get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div
     dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get
     show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop
     pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse }
     ifelse }
   forall} bind def
/MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont
     setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def
/MLshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 exch R MFshow } bind def
/MRshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
/MCshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
end
%%EndProlog
gnudict begin
gsave
50 50 translate
0.050 0.050 scale
0 setgray
newpath
(Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont
1.000 UL
LTb
798 420 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 420 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.8)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 662 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 662 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.85)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 903 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 903 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.9)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 1145 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 1145 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0.95)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 1386 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 1628 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 1628 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1.05)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 1869 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 1869 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1.1)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 2111 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 2111 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1.15)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 2352 M
63 0 V
2501 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
714 2352 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 1.2)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
798 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
798 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1311 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1311 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 2)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1824 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1824 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 4)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2336 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2336 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 6)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2849 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2849 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 8)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
3362 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
3362 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 10)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1.000 UL
LTb
798 420 M
2564 0 V
0 1932 V
-2564 0 V
798 420 L
LTb
140 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Maximum modulus)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
grestore
LTb
2080 70 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Bottleneck link bandwidth [Mbit/s])]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT0
LTb
2711 2219 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (RED)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT0
2795 2219 M
399 0 V
1773 420 M
51 944 V
256 -3 V
256 0 V
257 5 V
256 9 V
257 18 V
256 25 V
1.000 UL
LT1
LTb
2711 2079 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (RED-IQI)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT1
2795 2079 M
399 0 V
1783 420 M
41 737 V
256 -143 V
2336 720 L
2477 420 L
1.000 UL
LT2
798 1386 M
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
25 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
26 0 V
1.000 UL
LTb
798 420 M
2564 0 V
0 1932 V
-2564 0 V
798 420 L
1.000 UP
stroke
grestore
end
showpage
%%Trailer
%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica

%%EndDocument
@endspecial 2235 1348 a(\(b\)) g(DCCP) e(with) i(TFRC) e(cong) r
(estion) i(control) g(pro\002le) p Fv 97 1601 a(Figure) 24
b(6:) 29 b(DCCP) n(/RED) 22 b(trans) r(ient) i(state) g(perf) r
(ormance) g(\(maximum) g(modulu) r(s) f(of) g(the) h(state) g(tran) r
(sition) h(matrix\)) 504 1965 y(T) -7 b(able) 24 b(4:) 29
b(DCCP) n(/RED) 22 b(and) i(DCCP/R) n(ED-IQI) f(transi) r(ent) h(state)
g(perfo) r(rmance) g(indic) r(es) p 22 1996 3797 4 v
522 2075 a(pro\002le) p 955 2026 44 4 v Fr 197 w(q) p
Fi 999 2042 a(\003) p Fr 1320 2075 a(\025) p Fv 198 w(ramp-up) g(time) g
([ms]) 100 b(o) o(v) o(ersh) r(oot) 24 b([pack) q(et]) 100
b(settl) r(ing) 24 b(time) f([ms]) p 22 2112 3797 4 v
22 2129 V 150 2208 a(RED) 176 b(CCID2) 100 b(51.443) h(0.999) r(6) 372
b(260) 610 b(25.00) 543 b(361) r(40) 71 2321 y(RED-IQI) 99
b(CCID2) h(62.715) h(0.901) r(1) 372 b(340) 632 b(1.31) 612
b(340) p 22 2358 V 150 2437 a(RED) 176 b(CCID3) 100 b(71.724) h(0.999) r
(5) 395 b(40) 632 b(45.41) 543 b(353) r(20) 71 2550 y(RED-IQI) 99
b(CCID3) h(85.057) h(0.952) r(5) 372 b(380) 689 b(0) 668
b(380) -105 2841 y([9]) 47 b(B.) 32 b(Braden) p Ft 35
w(et) h(al.) p Fv(,) j(\223Recommend) r(ation) r(s) d(on) h(queu) r(e)
47 2945 y(manage) r(ment) 19 b(and) h(conge) r(stion) g(a) n(v) n(o) r
(idance) g(in) f(the) h(In-) 47 3049 y(terne) r(t,) -6
b(\224) p Ft 19 w(Reque) r(st) 19 b(for) h(Comments) g(\(RFC\)) f(2309)
p Fv(,) i(Apr) -5 b(.) 47 3152 y(1998) r(.) -150 3320
y([10]) 47 b(S.) 60 b(Flo) o(yd) i(and) g(V) -12 b(.) 61
b(Jacob) r(son,) 71 b(\223Rando) r(m) 60 b(earl) r(y) 47
3424 y(detec) r(tion) 42 b(gate) n(w) o(ays) h(for) f(conge) r(stion) g
(a) n(v) n(o) r(idan) r(ce,) -6 b(\224) p Ft 47 3527
a(IEEE/A) m(CM) 24 b(T) -5 b(r) o(ansac) r(tions) 27
b(on) g(Networki) r(ng) p Fv(,) g(v) n(ol.) g(1,) 47
3631 y(pp.) c(397) r(\226413,) h(Aug.) f(1993) r(.) -150
3798 y([11]) 47 b(Y) -12 b(.) 17 b(Zhang) j(and) f(L.) e(Qiu,) i
(\223Unders) r(tandi) r(ng) f(the) h(end) r(-to-) 47
3902 y(end) 30 b(perf) r(ormance) h(impact) f(of) g(RED) e(in) h(a) h
(hetero) r(ge-) 47 4006 y(neou) r(s) j(en) l(v) r(ironme) r(nt,) -6
b(\224) p Ft 36 w(Cornel) r(l) 33 b(CS) h(T) -8 b(ec) o(hnical) 35
b(Re-) 47 4110 y(port) 24 b(200) r(0-180) r(2) p Fv(,) f(July) h(2000) r
(.) -150 4277 y([12]) 47 b(S.) 27 b(T) -7 b(ak) o(euch) r(i,) 28
b(H.) f(K) m(oga,) i(K.) e(Iida,) i(Y) -12 b(.) 28 b(Kadobay) r(ashi,)
47 4381 y(and) 50 b(S.) e(Y) -9 b(amaguch) r(i,) 55 b(\223Performa) r
(nce) 49 b(e) n(v) n(alu) r(ation) r(s) 47 4485 y(of) 41
b(DCCP) e(for) i(b) n(ur) r(sty) g(traf) n(\002c) g(in) g(real) r
(-time) g(appli) r(-) 47 4588 y(catio) r(ns,) -6 b(\224) 40
b(in) p Ft 37 w(Pr) l(oceed) r(ings) e(of) f(2005) h(Inte) r(rnatio) r
(nal) 47 4692 y(Sympos) r(ium) 51 b(on) g(Applic) r(ations) h(and) g
(the) g(Inte) r(rnet) 47 4796 y(\(SAINT2005\)) p Fv 2
w(,) 22 b(pp.) i(142\2261) r(49,) f(200) r(5.) -150 4963
y([13]) 47 b(V) -12 b(.) 54 b(Firoiu) i(and) h(M.) d(Borden) r(,) 62
b(\223) -7 b(A) 55 b(study) h(of) g(ac-) 47 5067 y(ti) n(v) o(e) g
(queu) r(e) g(managemen) r(t) g(for) g(cong) r(estio) r(n) f(con) r(-)
47 5171 y(trol,) -6 b(\224) 29 b(in) p Ft 28 w(Pr) l(oceedi) r(ngs) f
(of) g(IEEE) d(INFOCOM) g(200) r(0) p Fv(,) 47 5275 y(pp.) e(143) r
(5\226144) r(4,) g(Mar) -5 b(.) 23 b(2000) r(.) -150
5442 y([14]) 47 b(H.) 19 b(Ohsaki) j(and) f(M.) e(Murata) r(,) h
(\223Steady) i(state) f(anal) r(ysis) 47 5546 y(of) 30
b(the) h(RED) d(gate) n(w) o(ay) r(:) 42 b(stabil) r(ity) -6
b(,) 32 b(trans) r(ient) e(beh) r(a) n(v-) 47 5650 y(ior) l(,) f(and) g
(paramet) r(er) f(settin) r(g,) -6 b(\224) p Ft 28 w(IEICE) 27
b(T) -5 b(r) o(ansacti) r(ons) 47 5753 y(on) 35 b(Communicatio) r(ns) p
Fv(,) i(v) n(ol.) e(E85-B,) f(pp.) g(107\226) r(115,) 47
5857 y(Jan.) 24 b(2002.) 2040 2841 y([15]) 47 b(M.) 31
b(Kisimoto,) j(H.) d(Ohsaki,) k(and) d(M.) f(Murata,) k(\223) -7
b(An-) 2237 2945 y(alyzi) r(ng) 41 b(the) g(impact) g(of) g(TCP) e
(conn) r(ection) r(s) h(v) n(aria) r(-) 2237 3049 y(tion) 32
b(on) f(transi) r(ent) g(beha) n(v) r(ior) g(of) g(RED) e(gate) n(w) o
(ay) -6 b(,) g(\224) 33 b(in) p Ft 2237 3152 a(Pr) l(oceed) r(ings) 41
b(of) f(the) h(16th) g(Inte) r(rnati) r(onal) g(Confer-) 2237
3256 y(ence) 48 b(on) f(Infor) r(mation) h(Networking) g(\(ICOIN-16\)) p
Fv(,) 2237 3360 y(pp.) 23 b(10A2.1\226) r(10A2.12) r(,) f(Jan.) i
(2002.) 2040 3527 y([16]) 47 b(M.) 34 b(Kisimoto,) k(H.) c(Ohsaki,) k
(and) d(M.) f(Murata) r(,) j(\223On) 2237 3631 y(trans) r(ient) 31
b(behavior) g(anal) r(ysis) g(of) g(rando) r(m) e(earl) r(y) h(de-) 2237
3735 y(tectio) r(n) 47 b(gate) n(w) o(ay) g(usin) r(g) f(a) h(contr) r
(ol) g(theore) r(tic) g(ap-) 2237 3839 y(proac) r(h,) -6
b(\224) 50 b(in) p Ft 44 w(Pr) l(ocee) r(dings) c(of) f(the) g(IEEE) e
(Contr) l(o) r(l) 2237 3942 y(Syste) r(ms) 21 b(Societ) r(y) g(Confer) m
(en) r(ce) h(on) f(Contr) l(o) r(l) g(Applica) r(-) 2237
4046 y(tions) f(\(CCA/CA) m(CSD) d(200) r(2\)) p Fv(,) i(pp.) g(114) r
(4\22611) r(49,) h(Sept.) 2237 4150 y(2002) r(.) 2040
4317 y([17]) 47 b(C.) i(V) -12 b(.) 50 b(Hollot) r(,) 56
b(V) -12 b(.) 50 b(Misra,) 58 b(D.) 50 b(F) -7 b(.) 49
b(T) -7 b(o) n(wsle) o(y) h(,) 57 b(and) 2237 4421 y(W) -8
b(.) 62 b(Gong,) 73 b(\223) -7 b(A) 62 b(cont) r(rol) h(theo) r(retic) h
(analy) r(sis) f(of) 2237 4525 y(RED,) -8 b(\224) 18
b(in) p Ft 19 w(Pr) l(oceed) r(ings) h(of) g(IEEE) e(INFOC) n(OM) g
(200) r(0) p Fv(,) 2237 4629 y(pp.) 23 b(151) r(0\226151) r(9,) g(Mar)
-5 b(.) 23 b(2001) r(.) 2040 4796 y([18]) 47 b(C.) g(Hollot,) 54
b(V) -12 b(.) 48 b(Misra,) 54 b(D.) 47 b(T) -7 b(o) n(wsle) o(y) h(,) 53
b(and) c(W) -8 b(.-B.) 2237 4900 y(Gong,) 40 b(\223On) c(desi) r(gning)
i(impro) o(v) o(ed) f(con) r(troller) r(s) f(for) 2237
5004 y(A) -5 b(QM) 40 b(rou) r(ters) i(sup) r(portin) r(g) g(TCP) e
(\003o) n(ws,) -6 b(\224) 45 b(in) p Ft 42 w(Pr) l(o-) 2237
5107 y(ceedi) r(ngs) 35 b(of) g(IEEE) e(INFOCO) n(M) h(200) r(1) p
Fv(,) j(pp.) e(1726) r(\226) 2237 5211 y(1734) r(,) 22
b(200) r(1.) 2040 5379 y([19]) 47 b(P) -10 b(.) 23 b(K) o(uusela) r(,) h
(P) -10 b(.) 23 b(Lassila,) i(and) h(J.) e(V) -5 b(irtamo,) 24
b(\223Stabi) r(lity) 2237 5482 y(of) 38 b(TCP-RE) n(D) f(cong) r(estio)
r(n) g(con) r(trol,) -6 b(\224) 42 b(in) p Ft 38 w(Pr) l(oceed) r(-)
2237 5586 y(ings) 24 b(of) g(ITC-17) p Fv(,) f(pp.) g(655\226) r(666,) h
(Dec.) f(2001.) 2040 5753 y([20]) 47 b(H.) 39 b(Ohsaki) i(and) g(M.) e
(Murat) r(a,) 44 b(\223On) c(pack) o(e) r(t) g(mark-) 2237
5857 y(ing) 24 b(funct) r(ion) f(of) h(acti) n(v) o(e) g(queu) r(e) f
(managemen) r(t) g(mech-) p dyy eop end
%%Page: 13 13
TeXDict begin 13 12 bop -120 1152 a @beginspecial 50
@llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2434 @rwi 1094 @rhi @setspecial
%%BeginDocument: figure/tcpl-redecn-rediqi-numeric.eps
%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0
%%Title: ./figure/tcpl-redecn-rediqi-numeric.eps
%%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0
%%CreationDate: Thu Jun  9 21:55:52 2005
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176
%%Orientation: Portrait
%%EndComments
/gnudict 256 dict def
gnudict begin
/Color false def
/Solid false def
/gnulinewidth 5.000 def
/userlinewidth gnulinewidth def
/vshift -46 def
/dl {10.0 mul} def
/hpt_ 31.5 def
/vpt_ 31.5 def
/hpt hpt_ def
/vpt vpt_ def
/Rounded false def
/M {moveto} bind def
/L {lineto} bind def
/R {rmoveto} bind def
/V {rlineto} bind def
/N {newpath moveto} bind def
/C {setrgbcolor} bind def
/f {rlineto fill} bind def
/vpt2 vpt 2 mul def
/hpt2 hpt 2 mul def
/Lshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 vshift R show } def
/Rshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def
/Cshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def
/UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def
  /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def
/DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash }
 {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def
/BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def
      dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def
/PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def
/LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def
/LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def
/LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def
/LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def
/LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def
/LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def
/LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def
/LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def
/LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def
/Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash
   gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def
/Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V
  currentpoint stroke M
  hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke
  } def
/Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M
  hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def
/TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def
/BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V  hpt2 0 V  0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V  closepath fill } def
/TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def
/TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def
/DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def
/Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def
/PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath fill grestore } def
/Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def
/CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def
/C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450  arc } bind def
/C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy        moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C13 { BL [] 0 setdash  2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/Rec   { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto
       neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def
/Square { dup Rec } bind def
/Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def
/S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def
/S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill
       exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def
/D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def
/D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def
/D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def
/D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def
/D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def
/D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def
/D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def
/D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def
/D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def
/D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def
/D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def
/D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def
/D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def
/D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def
/D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def
/D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def
/DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def
/BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def
/TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore } def
/CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def
/Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def
/DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def
/BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def
/TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  Opaque stroke grestore } def
/CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
/BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def
/BoxColFill {
  gsave Rec
  /Fillden exch def
  currentrgbcolor
  /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def
  /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
    PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate
    PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec
    gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip
    currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth
    /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def
    0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
    0 PFa 6 get ne {
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for
    } if
    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
currentdict end definefont pop
/MFshow {
   { dup 5 get 3 ge
     { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse }
     {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont
     [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6
     get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq
     {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5
     get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div
     dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get
     show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop
     pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse }
     ifelse }
   forall} bind def
/MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont
     setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def
/MLshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 exch R MFshow } bind def
/MRshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
/MCshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
end
%%EndProlog
gnudict begin
gsave
50 50 translate
0.050 0.050 scale
0 setgray
newpath
(Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont
1.000 UL
LTb
714 420 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 420 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 903 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 903 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 50)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 1386 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 100)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 1869 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 1869 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 150)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 2352 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 2352 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 200)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
714 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1244 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1244 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 2000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1773 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1773 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 4000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2303 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2303 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 6000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2832 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2832 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 8000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
3362 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
3362 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 10000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1.000 UL
LTb
714 420 M
2648 0 V
0 1932 V
-2648 0 V
714 420 L
LTb
140 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (RED-IQI average queue length)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
grestore
LTb
2038 70 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Time [ms])]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT0
LTb
2711 2219 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (RED)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT0
2795 2219 M
399 0 V
714 420 M
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
3 4 V
2 7 V
3 9 V
3 12 V
2 16 V
3 19 V
3 24 V
2 29 V
3 35 V
3 41 V
2 48 V
3 54 V
3 54 V
2 47 V
3 38 V
2 30 V
3 25 V
3 21 V
2 18 V
3 17 V
3 16 V
2 15 V
3 14 V
3 13 V
2 13 V
3 12 V
3 12 V
2 12 V
3 11 V
3 11 V
2 10 V
3 10 V
3 10 V
2 10 V
3 9 V
2 9 V
3 9 V
3 9 V
2 8 V
3 8 V
3 8 V
2 8 V
3 8 V
3 7 V
2 7 V
3 7 V
3 7 V
2 6 V
3 6 V
3 6 V
2 6 V
3 6 V
2 6 V
3 5 V
3 5 V
2 6 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 5 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
984 1386 M
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 -2 V
2 -3 V
3 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -4 V
3 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -4 V
3 -4 V
3 -4 V
2 -3 V
3 -4 V
3 -5 V
2 -4 V
3 -4 V
3 -4 V
2 -5 V
3 -4 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -6 V
3 -5 V
2 -6 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -6 V
3 -5 V
3 -6 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -6 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -6 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -6 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -6 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -6 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -6 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -6 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -4 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
stroke
1259 982 M
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -4 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -4 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -4 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -4 V
3 -5 V
3 -4 V
2 -5 V
3 -4 V
3 -4 V
2 -5 V
3 -4 V
3 -4 V
2 -4 V
3 -3 V
2 -4 V
3 -4 V
3 -3 V
2 -3 V
3 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -3 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 5 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
stroke
1535 948 M
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 -2 V
2 -3 V
stroke
1810 942 M
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 -2 V
2 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 -2 V
2 -3 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 -2 V
2 -3 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
stroke
2086 917 M
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
stroke
2361 930 M
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
stroke
2636 911 M
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
stroke
2912 925 M
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
stroke
3187 912 M
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
1.000 UL
LT1
LTb
2711 2079 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (RED-IQI)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT1
2795 2079 M
399 0 V
714 420 M
47 0 R
1 3 V
2 18 V
3 20 V
3 23 V
2 26 V
3 29 V
3 34 V
2 39 V
3 46 V
2 56 V
3 62 V
3 61 V
2 55 V
3 45 V
3 34 V
2 24 V
3 16 V
3 11 V
2 7 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
stroke
1026 1026 M
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
1302 1026 M
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
stroke
1577 1026 M
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
1853 1026 M
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
2128 1026 M
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
stroke
2403 1026 M
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
2679 1026 M
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
stroke
2954 1026 M
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
3230 1026 M
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
1.000 UL
LTb
714 420 M
2648 0 V
0 1932 V
-2648 0 V
714 420 L
1.000 UP
stroke
grestore
end
showpage
%%Trailer
%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica

%%EndDocument
@endspecial Fc 120 1348 a(\(a\)) 18 b(DCCP) g(with) h(TCP-) n(lik) o(e)
g(cong) r(estion) g(control) g(pro\002le) 1954 1152 y
@beginspecial 50 @llx 50 @lly 230 @urx 176 @ury 2434
@rwi 1094 @rhi @setspecial
%%BeginDocument: figure/tfrc-redecn-rediqi-numeric.eps
%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0
%%Title: ./figure/tfrc-redecn-rediqi-numeric.eps
%%Creator: gnuplot 4.0 patchlevel 0
%%CreationDate: Thu Jun  9 21:55:51 2005
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%BoundingBox: 50 50 230 176
%%Orientation: Portrait
%%EndComments
/gnudict 256 dict def
gnudict begin
/Color false def
/Solid false def
/gnulinewidth 5.000 def
/userlinewidth gnulinewidth def
/vshift -46 def
/dl {10.0 mul} def
/hpt_ 31.5 def
/vpt_ 31.5 def
/hpt hpt_ def
/vpt vpt_ def
/Rounded false def
/M {moveto} bind def
/L {lineto} bind def
/R {rmoveto} bind def
/V {rlineto} bind def
/N {newpath moveto} bind def
/C {setrgbcolor} bind def
/f {rlineto fill} bind def
/vpt2 vpt 2 mul def
/hpt2 hpt 2 mul def
/Lshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 vshift R show } def
/Rshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def
/Cshow { currentpoint stroke M
  dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def
/UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def
  /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def
/DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash }
 {pop pop pop 0 setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def
/BL { stroke userlinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/AL { stroke userlinewidth 2 div setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/UL { dup gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def
      dup 1 lt {pop 1} if 10 mul /udl exch def } def
/PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth
      Rounded { 1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap } if } def
/LTw { PL [] 1 setgray } def
/LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LTa { AL [1 udl mul 2 udl mul] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def
/LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def
/LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def
/LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def
/LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def
/LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def
/LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def
/LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def
/LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def
/LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def
/Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash
   gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def
/Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V
  currentpoint stroke M
  hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke
  } def
/Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke
  Pnt } def
/Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M
  hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def
/TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def
/BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V  hpt2 0 V  0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V  closepath fill } def
/TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def
/TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke
  Pnt  } def
/TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def
/DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def
/Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def
/PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath fill grestore } def
/Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def
/CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def
/C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450  arc } bind def
/C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy        moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 270 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 90 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 0 270 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
      2 copy  vpt 270 450 arc closepath fill
              vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy moveto vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 270 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C13 { BL [] 0 setdash  2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill
       2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 180 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/C14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto
       2 copy  vpt 90 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc } bind def
/C15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 0 360 arc closepath fill
               vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def
/Rec   { newpath 4 2 roll moveto 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto
       neg 0 rlineto closepath } bind def
/Square { dup Rec } bind def
/Bsquare { vpt sub exch vpt sub exch vpt2 Square } bind def
/S0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto 0 vpt rlineto BL Bsquare } bind def
/S1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S4 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S5 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy 2 copy vpt Square fill
       exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S6 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S7 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S8 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S9 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt vpt2 Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S10 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S11 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt sub vpt Square fill 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       Bsquare } bind def
/S12 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill Bsquare } bind def
/S13 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S14 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt sub vpt2 vpt Rec fill
       2 copy exch vpt sub exch vpt Square fill Bsquare } bind def
/S15 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy Bsquare fill Bsquare } bind def
/D0 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S0 stroke grestore } bind def
/D1 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S1 stroke grestore } bind def
/D2 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S2 stroke grestore } bind def
/D3 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S3 stroke grestore } bind def
/D4 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S4 stroke grestore } bind def
/D5 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S5 stroke grestore } bind def
/D6 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S6 stroke grestore } bind def
/D7 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S7 stroke grestore } bind def
/D8 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S8 stroke grestore } bind def
/D9 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S9 stroke grestore } bind def
/D10 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S10 stroke grestore } bind def
/D11 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S11 stroke grestore } bind def
/D12 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S12 stroke grestore } bind def
/D13 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S13 stroke grestore } bind def
/D14 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S14 stroke grestore } bind def
/D15 { gsave translate 45 rotate 0 0 S15 stroke grestore } bind def
/DiaE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke } def
/BoxE { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke } def
/TriUE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/TriDE { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke } def
/PentE { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  closepath stroke grestore } def
/CircE { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc stroke } def
/Opaque { gsave closepath 1 setgray fill grestore 0 setgray closepath } def
/DiaW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M
  hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V
  hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V Opaque stroke } def
/BoxW { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M
  0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V
  hpt2 neg 0 V Opaque stroke } def
/TriUW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/TriDW { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M
  hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V
  hpt 2 mul 0 V
  hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V Opaque stroke } def
/PentW { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave
  translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat
  Opaque stroke grestore } def
/CircW { stroke [] 0 setdash 
  hpt 0 360 arc Opaque stroke } def
/BoxFill { gsave Rec 1 setgray fill grestore } def
/BoxColFill {
  gsave Rec
  /Fillden exch def
  currentrgbcolor
  /ColB exch def /ColG exch def /ColR exch def
  /ColR ColR Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColG ColG Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  /ColB ColB Fillden mul Fillden sub 1 add def
  ColR ColG ColB setrgbcolor
  fill grestore } def
%
% PostScript Level 1 Pattern Fill routine
% Usage: x y w h s a XX PatternFill
%	x,y = lower left corner of box to be filled
%	w,h = width and height of box
%	  a = angle in degrees between lines and x-axis
%	 XX = 0/1 for no/yes cross-hatch
%
/PatternFill { gsave /PFa [ 9 2 roll ] def
    PFa 0 get PFa 2 get 2 div add PFa 1 get PFa 3 get 2 div add translate
    PFa 2 get -2 div PFa 3 get -2 div PFa 2 get PFa 3 get Rec
    gsave 1 setgray fill grestore clip
    currentlinewidth 0.5 mul setlinewidth
    /PFs PFa 2 get dup mul PFa 3 get dup mul add sqrt def
    0 0 M PFa 5 get rotate PFs -2 div dup translate
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 M 0 PFs V } for
    0 PFa 6 get ne {
	0 1 PFs PFa 4 get div 1 add floor cvi
	{ PFa 4 get mul 0 2 1 roll M PFs 0 V } for
    } if
    stroke grestore } def
%
/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
dup length dict begin {1 index /FID eq {pop pop} {def} ifelse} forall
currentdict end definefont pop
/MFshow {
   { dup 5 get 3 ge
     { 5 get 3 eq {gsave} {grestore} ifelse }
     {dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont setfont
     [ currentpoint ] exch dup 2 get 0 exch R dup 5 get 2 ne {dup dup 6
     get exch 4 get {show} {stringwidth pop 0 R} ifelse }if dup 5 get 0 eq
     {dup 3 get {2 get neg 0 exch R pop} {pop aload pop M} ifelse} {dup 5
     get 1 eq {dup 2 get exch dup 3 get exch 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div
     dup 0 R} {dup 6 get stringwidth pop -2 div 0 R 6 get
     show 2 index {aload pop M neg 3 -1 roll neg R pop pop} {pop pop pop
     pop aload pop M} ifelse }ifelse }ifelse }
     ifelse }
   forall} bind def
/MFwidth {0 exch {dup 3 get{dup dup 0 get findfont exch 1 get scalefont
     setfont 6 get stringwidth pop add} {pop} ifelse} forall} bind def
/MLshow { currentpoint stroke M
  0 exch R MFshow } bind def
/MRshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth neg 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
/MCshow { currentpoint stroke M
  exch dup MFwidth -2 div 3 -1 roll R MFshow } def
end
%%EndProlog
gnudict begin
gsave
50 50 translate
0.050 0.050 scale
0 setgray
newpath
(Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont
1.000 UL
LTb
714 420 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 420 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 903 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 903 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 50)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 1386 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 100)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 1869 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 1869 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 150)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 2352 M
63 0 V
2585 0 R
-63 0 V
stroke
630 2352 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 200)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
714 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
714 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 0)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1244 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1244 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 2000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1773 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
1773 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 4000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2303 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2303 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 6000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
2832 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
2832 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 8000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
3362 420 M
0 63 V
0 1869 R
0 -63 V
stroke
3362 280 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 ( 10000)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UL
LTb
1.000 UL
LTb
714 420 M
2648 0 V
0 1932 V
-2648 0 V
714 420 L
LTb
140 1386 M
gsave 0 setgray
currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 moveto
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (RED-IQI average queue length)]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
grestore
LTb
2038 70 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (Time [ms])]
] -46.7 MCshow
grestore
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LT0
LTb
2711 2219 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (RED)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT0
2795 2219 M
399 0 V
714 420 M
3 0 V
2 12 V
3 287 V
3 494 V
2 56 V
3 25 V
3 23 V
2 23 V
3 22 V
2 22 V
3 22 V
3 20 V
2 21 V
3 20 V
3 19 V
2 20 V
3 18 V
3 19 V
2 18 V
3 17 V
3 18 V
2 17 V
3 17 V
3 16 V
2 16 V
3 16 V
2 16 V
3 15 V
3 15 V
2 15 V
3 14 V
3 14 V
2 14 V
3 14 V
3 13 V
2 14 V
3 13 V
3 12 V
2 13 V
3 12 V
3 12 V
2 12 V
3 12 V
3 11 V
2 12 V
3 11 V
2 10 V
3 11 V
3 11 V
2 10 V
3 10 V
3 10 V
2 9 V
3 10 V
3 9 V
2 9 V
3 9 V
3 9 V
2 8 V
3 9 V
3 8 V
2 8 V
3 8 V
2 8 V
3 7 V
3 7 V
2 8 V
3 7 V
3 7 V
2 6 V
3 7 V
3 6 V
2 7 V
3 6 V
3 6 V
2 5 V
3 6 V
3 6 V
2 5 V
3 5 V
2 5 V
3 5 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
stroke
984 2289 M
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -3 V
3 -2 V
2 -4 V
3 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -3 V
3 -3 V
3 -4 V
2 -3 V
3 -4 V
3 -4 V
2 -4 V
3 -3 V
3 -4 V
2 -4 V
3 -5 V
3 -4 V
2 -4 V
3 -4 V
3 -5 V
2 -4 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -4 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -6 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -6 V
3 -5 V
2 -6 V
3 -5 V
3 -6 V
2 -6 V
3 -6 V
2 -6 V
3 -6 V
3 -6 V
2 -6 V
3 -6 V
3 -7 V
2 -6 V
3 -6 V
3 -7 V
2 -6 V
3 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -7 V
3 -6 V
3 -7 V
2 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -7 V
stroke
1259 1979 M
3 -7 V
3 -8 V
2 -7 V
3 -7 V
3 -8 V
2 -7 V
3 -8 V
3 -7 V
2 -8 V
3 -7 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -8 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -8 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -9 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -9 V
3 -8 V
2 -9 V
3 -9 V
3 -8 V
2 -9 V
3 -9 V
3 -9 V
2 -9 V
3 -8 V
3 -9 V
2 -9 V
3 -10 V
2 -9 V
3 -9 V
3 -9 V
2 -9 V
3 -10 V
3 -9 V
2 -9 V
3 -9 V
3 -9 V
2 -9 V
3 -9 V
3 -9 V
2 -9 V
3 -9 V
3 -9 V
2 -9 V
3 -9 V
2 -8 V
3 -9 V
3 -9 V
2 -8 V
3 -9 V
3 -8 V
2 -9 V
3 -8 V
3 -9 V
2 -8 V
3 -8 V
3 -9 V
2 -8 V
3 -8 V
3 -8 V
2 -9 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -8 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -8 V
3 -8 V
2 -7 V
3 -8 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -7 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -7 V
3 -8 V
2 -8 V
3 -7 V
3 -8 V
2 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -8 V
3 -7 V
3 -8 V
2 -7 V
3 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -8 V
3 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -7 V
3 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -7 V
3 -7 V
stroke
1535 1133 M
3 -7 V
2 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -7 V
3 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -6 V
3 -7 V
3 -7 V
2 -7 V
3 -6 V
3 -7 V
2 -6 V
3 -7 V
3 -6 V
2 -7 V
3 -6 V
3 -6 V
2 -6 V
3 -7 V
2 -6 V
3 -5 V
3 -6 V
2 -6 V
3 -6 V
3 -5 V
2 -6 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -5 V
3 -5 V
2 -5 V
3 -4 V
3 -5 V
2 -4 V
3 -4 V
3 -4 V
2 -3 V
3 -4 V
2 -3 V
3 -3 V
3 -3 V
2 -3 V
3 -2 V
3 -3 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 5 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
3 4 V
2 5 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 5 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
stroke
1810 1033 M
3 5 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
3 4 V
2 4 V
3 3 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
stroke
2086 1243 M
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -2 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
stroke
2361 1093 M
3 -2 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -2 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -2 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
stroke
2636 1083 M
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
2912 1143 M
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
stroke
3187 1107 M
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 -1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 -1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 -1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
1.000 UL
LT1
LTb
2711 2079 M
gsave 0 setgray
[ [(Helvetica) 140.0 0.0 true true 0 (RED-IQI)]
] -46.7 MRshow
grestore
LT1
2795 2079 M
399 0 V
714 420 M
3 48 V
2 41 V
3 54 V
3 73 V
2 127 V
3 210 V
3 53 V
2 16 V
3 13 V
2 11 V
3 10 V
3 9 V
2 9 V
3 8 V
3 8 V
2 7 V
3 7 V
3 6 V
2 6 V
3 5 V
3 6 V
2 5 V
3 4 V
3 5 V
2 4 V
3 4 V
2 3 V
3 4 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 3 V
3 3 V
2 3 V
3 2 V
3 3 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 2 V
3 2 V
3 2 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 2 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 2 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 1 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 1 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
984 1240 M
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 1 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
stroke
1259 1242 M
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
1535 1242 M
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
stroke
1810 1242 M
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
2086 1242 M
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
2361 1242 M
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
stroke
2636 1242 M
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
stroke
2912 1242 M
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
stroke
3187 1242 M
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
3 0 V
2 0 V
3 0 V
1.000 UL
LTb
714 420 M
2648 0 V
0 1932 V
-2648 0 V
714 420 L
1.000 UP
stroke
grestore
end
showpage
%%Trailer
%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica

%%EndDocument
@endspecial 2235 1348 a(\(b\)) g(DCCP) e(with) i(TFRC) e(cong) r
(estion) i(control) g(pro\002le) p Fv 146 1601 a(Figure) 24
b(7:) 29 b(DCCP/R) n(ED-IQI) 23 b(trans) r(ient) h(state) g(perfo) r
(rmance) g(\(the) g(a) n(v) o(era) r(ge) f(que) r(ue) g(e) n(v) n(ol) r
(ution) h(of) g(RED) n(-IQI) g(\)) 47 1977 y(anism:) k(Should) 21
b(it) f(be) g(linea) r(r) l(,) g(conc) r(a) n(v) o(e,) h(or) f(con) l
(v) q(e) o(x?,) -6 b(\224) 47 2081 y(in) p Ft 33 w(Pr) l(oceedi) r(ngs)
33 b(of) g(SPIE') l(s) g(Intern) r(ation) r(al) f(Sympo) r(-) 47
2185 y(sium) j(on) g(the) g(Con) l(v) r(er) m(g) o(enc) r(e) f(of) h
(Info) r(rmation) h(T) -8 b(ec) o(h-) 47 2289 y(nolo) q(gies) 45
b(and) g(Communica) r(tions) g(\(ITCom) f(200) r(4\)) p
Fv(,) 47 2392 y(Oct.) 23 b(2004.) -150 2561 y([21]) 47
b(J.) 21 b(P) o(adhye,) h(J.) f(K) o(urose) r(,) g(D.) f(T) -7
b(o) n(wsle) o(y) h(,) 22 b(and) g(R.) f(K) m(oodli,) 47
2665 y(\223) -7 b(A) 20 b(model) h(based) h(TCP) n(-frie) r(ndly) f
(rate) g(con) r(trol) g(proto) r(-) 47 2769 y(col,) -6
b(\224) 23 b(in) p Ft 24 w(Pr) l(oceed) r(ings) h(of) f(NOSSD) m(A) -10
b(V'99) p Fv(,) 23 b(199) r(9.) -150 2938 y([22]) 47
b(D.) 56 b(Bansal,) 66 b(H.) 56 b(Balakr) r(ishnan) r(,) 65
b(S.) 56 b(Flo) o(yd,) 66 b(and) 47 3041 y(S.) d(Shenk) o(er) n(,) 73
b(\223Dyna) r(mic) 64 b(beha) n(v) r(ior) g(of) h(slo) n(wly-) 47
3145 y(respo) r(nsi) n(v) o(e) 50 b(conge) r(stion) g(contr) r(ol) f
(algor) r(ithms,) -6 b(\224) 55 b(in) p Ft 47 3249 a(Pr) l(oceed) r
(ings) 31 b(of) f(A) m(CM) e(SIGCOMM) p Fv(,) g(pp.) i(263\226) r(274,)
47 3353 y(Aug.) 23 b(2001) r(.) -150 3522 y([23]) 47
b(Y) -12 b(.) 30 b(R.) h(Y) -9 b(ang,) 33 b(M.) e(S.) f(Kim,) i(and) g
(S.) e(S.) h(Lam,) h(\223T) m(ran-) 47 3625 y(sient) 24
b(beh) r(a) n(vior) r(s) f(of) g(TCP-friendl) r(y) g(cong) r(estion) h
(con) r(-) 47 3729 y(trol) 53 b(proto) r(cols,) -6 b(\224) p
Ft 59 w(The) 52 b(Inter) r(natio) r(nal) g(J) n(our) r(nal) g(of) 47
3833 y(Computer) 22 b(and) g(T) -8 b(elecommuni) r(catio) r(ns) 21
b(Networkin) r(g) p Fv(,) 47 3937 y(v) n(ol.) j(41,) f(pp.) g(193) r
(\226210) r(,) f(Feb) l(.) h(200) r(3.) -150 4105 y([24]) 47
b(K.) 56 b(Ramakrish) r(nan,) 65 b(S.) 56 b(Flo) o(yd,) 66
b(and) 57 b(D.) f(Black,) 47 4209 y(\223The) 47 b(additi) r(on) f(of) h
(e) o(xplic) r(it) f(cong) r(estio) r(n) g(noti\002ca) r(-) 47
4313 y(tion) 23 b(\(ECN\)) e(to) h(IP,) -6 b(\224) p
Ft 21 w(Reques) r(t) 22 b(for) g(Comments) h(\(RFC\)) 47
4417 y(3168) p Fv 2 w(,) f(Sept.) h(200) r(1.) -150 4586
y([25]) 47 b(N.) 37 b(Spring) r(,) 42 b(D.) 37 b(W) -7
b(ethera) r(ll,) 42 b(and) d(D.) f(Ely) -6 b(,) 42 b(\223Rob) n(us) r
(t) 47 4689 y(e) o(xplic) r(it) k(con) r(gestio) r(n) g(noti) r
(\002cation) h(\(ECN\)) f(signal) r(-) 47 4793 y(ing) 27
b(with) f(non) r(ces,) -6 b(\224) p Ft 27 w(Reque) r(st) 26
b(for) h(Comments) g(\(RFC\)) 47 4897 y(3540) p Fv 2
w(,) 22 b(June) j(2003.) -150 5066 y([26]) 47 b(H.) 24
b(Ohsak) r(i,) h(J.) h(Ujiie,) g(and) g(M.) f(Imase,) i(\223On) e(scal)
r(able) 47 5169 y(modelin) r(g) c(of) g(TCP) e(cong) r(estion) j(cont) r
(rol) f(mechan) r(ism) 47 5273 y(for) 33 b(lar) n(ge) r(-scale) h(IP) d
(netw) o(o) r(rks,) -6 b(\224) 35 b(in) p Ft 32 w(Pr) l(oceed) r(ings) e
(of) 47 5377 y(the) g(200) r(5) g(Intern) r(ation) r(al) g(Sympos) r
(ium) g(on) g(Applica) r(-) 47 5481 y(tions) i(and) g(the) g(Inter) r
(net) f(\(SAINT) g(2005) r(\)) p Fv(,) i(pp.) e(361) r(\226) 47
5585 y(369,) 24 b(Feb) l(.) f(2005) r(.) -150 5753 y([27]) 47
b(J.) 25 b(P) o(adhye,) i(V) -12 b(.) 25 b(Firoiu,) i(D.) d(T) -7
b(o) n(wsle) o(y) h(,) 26 b(and) h(J.) e(K) o(urose,) 47
5857 y(\223Model) r(ing) c(TCP) e(throug) r(hput) r(:) 27
b(a) 20 b(simple) h(model) h(and) 2237 1977 y(its) g(empirica) r(l) f
(v) n(alida) r(tion,) -6 b(\224) 22 b(in) p Ft 21 w(Pr) l(ocee) r
(dings) g(of) g(A) m(CM) 2237 2081 y(SIGCOMM) g('98) p
Fv(,) h(pp.) h(303\226) r(314,) f(Sept.) g(199) r(8.) 2040
2291 y([28]) 47 b(M.) 40 b(Handly) l(,) 45 b(S.) 40 b(Flo) o(yd,) 46
b(J.) 40 b(P) o(adhye,) 46 b(and) c(J.) f(W) l(id-) 2237
2395 y(mer) l(,) 30 b(\223TCP) c(frie) r(ndly) j(rate) g(con) r(trol) g
(\(TFRC) n(\):) g(proto) r(-) 2237 2499 y(col) 24 b(spec) r
(i\002cation) r(,) -6 b(\224) p Ft 23 w(Request) 25 b(for) f(Comments) g
(\(RFC\)) 2237 2602 y(3448) p Fv 2 w(,) e(Jan.) i(2003) r(.) 2040
2812 y([29]) 47 b(N.) 28 b(S.) f(Nise,) p Ft 30 w(Contr) n(ol) i
(Systems) h(Enginee) r(ring) p Fv(.) 52 b(Ne) n(w) 2237
2916 y(Y) -10 b(ork:) 29 b(John) c(W) l(ile) o(y) f(&) e(Sons,) h(4th) h
(ed.,) f(Aug.) g(200) r(3.) p Ft 2040 3255 a(A) n(uthor) q(s:) p
Fa 2040 3435 a(Hir) n(oy) r(uki) c(Hisamat) r(su) p Fv
20 w(rece) r(i) n(v) o(ed) i(the) g(M.) g(E.) e(de) o(gre) r(e) i(in) g
(the) 2040 3539 y(Infor) r(mation) i(and) h(Computer) f(Scienc) r(es) f
(from) h(Osaka) g(Uni-) 2040 3643 y(v) o(ersit) r(y) -6
b(,) 35 b(Osaka,) h(Japan) r(,) e(in) f(200) r(3.) 57
b(He) 33 b(receiv) o(ed) g(the) g(Ph.) 2040 3747 y(D.) 23
b(de) o(gree) i(in) f(the) g(Info) r(rmation) h(Science) g(and) f(T) -6
b(echnol) r(ogy) 2040 3850 y(Osaka) 31 b(Uni) n(v) o(ersity) l(,) g
(Osaka,) h(Japan) r(,) f(in) f(2006) r(.) 48 b(He) 29
b(is) h(cur-) 2040 3954 y(rentl) r(y) e(an) h(Assist) r(ant) g(Profess)
r(or) g(at) g(Department) h(of) f(Com-) 2040 4058 y(pute) r(r) 18
b(Scienc) r(e,) h(Osaka) h(Electro-Commun) r(icatio) r(n) f(Uni) n(v) o
(er) n(-) 2040 4162 y(sity) -6 b(,) 24 b(Jap) r(an.) 29
b(His) 24 b(resear) r(ch) g(w) o(ork) g(is) f(in) h(the) g(area) h(of) e
(per) r(for) n(-) 2040 4265 y(mance) k(e) n(v) n(alua) r(tion) g(of) f
(TCP/IP) e(netw) o(o) r(rks.) 37 b(He) 26 b(is) g(a) g(mem-) 2040
4369 y(ber) f(of) g(IEEE) d(and) k(Institu) r(te) e(of) h(Electro) r
(nics,) g(Infor) r(mation,) 2040 4473 y(and) f(Computer) g(Engin) r
(eers) g(of) f(Japa) r(n) g(\(IEICE\).) p Fa 2040 4716
a(Hir) n(oy) r(uki) e(Ohsaki) p Fv 21 w(receiv) o(ed) h(the) h(M.) e
(E.) g(de) o(gree) i(in) f(the) h(In-) 2040 4819 y(formati) r(on) 35
b(and) h(Computer) g(Scienc) r(es) f(from) h(Osaka) f(Uni-) 2040
4923 y(v) o(ersit) r(y) -6 b(,) 32 b(Osaka,) g(Japa) r(n,) g(in) e(199)
r(5.) 49 b(He) 30 b(also) i(recei) n(v) q(ed) e(the) 2040
5027 y(Ph.) c(D.) 17 b(de) o(gree) i(from) f(Osaka) g(Uni) n(v) o(ers) r
(ity) -6 b(,) 19 b(Osaka,) g(Japa) r(n,) f(in) 2040 5131
y(1997) r(.) 26 b(He) 19 b(is) g(curren) r(tly) g(an) g(asso) r(ciate) h
(profe) r(ssor) f(at) g(Depart) r(-) 2040 5235 y(ment) 24
b(of) g(Info) r(rmation) h(Netw) o(orkin) r(g,) f(Graduat) r(e) f
(Schoo) r(l) g(of) 2040 5338 y(Infor) r(mation) 31 b(Scienc) r(e) f
(and) i(T) -6 b(echnolo) r(gy) g(,) 32 b(Osaka) g(Uni) n(v) o(er) n(-)
2040 5442 y(sity) -6 b(,) 28 b(Japa) r(n.) 38 b(His) 26
b(resea) r(rch) h(w) o(ork) g(is) f(in) h(the) g(area) g(of) g(traf) n
(\002c) 2040 5546 y(manage) r(ment) 32 b(in) g(high-) r(speed) h(netw) o
(or) r(ks.) 54 b(He) 31 b(is) h(a) g(mem-) 2040 5650
y(ber) 25 b(of) g(IEEE) d(and) k(Institu) r(te) e(of) h(Electro) r
(nics,) g(Infor) r(mation,) 2040 5753 y(and) c(Computer) f(Engin) r
(eers) g(of) g(Japa) r(n) f(\(IEICE\).) g(His) h(e-mail) 2040
5857 y(addr) r(ess) j(is) h(oosak) r(i@ist.osa) r(ka-u.ac) r(.jp) p
dyy eop end
%%Page: 14 14
TeXDict begin 14 13 bop Fa -150 249 a(Masay) r(uki) 36
b(Murata) p Fv 37 w(rece) r(i) n(v) o(ed) h(the) h(M.E.) e(and) i(D.E) n
(.) f(de-) -150 352 y(grees) 49 b(from) f(Osaka) h(Uni) n(v) o(ersity) l
(,) k(Japa) r(n,) g(in) c(1984) g(and) -150 456 y(1988) r(,) 19
b(respec) r(ti) n(v) o(ely) -6 b(.) 28 b(In) 19 b(1984) r(,) f(he) h
(join) r(ed) g(T) -7 b(ok) o(yo) 19 b(Researc) r(h) -150
560 y(Laborat) r(ory) -6 b(,) 47 b(IBM) 41 b(Jap) r(an,) 46
b(as) d(a) f(Research) r(er) -5 b(.) 85 b(He) 42 b(w) o(as) -150
664 y(an) f(Assistan) r(t) f(Profess) r(or) g(of) h(Computa) r(tion) g
(Center) l(,) 46 b(Os-) -150 767 y(aka) 30 b(Uni) n(v) o(ersi) r(ty) f
(from) h(198) r(7) f(to) h(1989) r(,) g(an) g(Assista) r(nt) f(Pro-)
-150 871 y(fesso) r(r) j(of) h(F) o(aculty) g(of) g(Engine) r(ering) h
(Science) f(from) g(198) r(9) -150 975 y(to) g(199) r(2,) i(an) e
(Assoc) r(iate) g(Profes) r(sor) g(of) h(Graduate) g(Schoo) r(l) -150
1079 y(of) 40 b(Engin) r(eering) h(Scienc) r(e) f(from) g(1992) h(to) g
(1999.) 80 b(From) -150 1183 y(1999) r(,) 38 b(he) d(has) i(been) f(a) g
(Professo) r(r) f(of) h(Osaka) g(Uni) n(v) o(ersit) r(y) -6
b(.) -150 1286 y(He) 21 b(mo) o(v) o(ed) i(to) f(Graduat) r(e) f(Schoo)
r(l) g(of) i(Informat) r(ion) f(Scienc) r(e) -150 1390
y(and) g(T) -6 b(echno) r(logy) 22 b(in) g(200) r(4.) 27
b(He) 22 b(has) g(more) g(than) h(three) f(hun) r(-) -150
1494 y(dred) e(pap) r(ers) g(of) f(inte) r(rnatio) r(nal) h(and) g
(domesti) r(c) f(journ) r(als) h(and) -150 1598 y(conf) r(erence) r(s.)
41 b(His) 28 b(resear) r(ch) g(intere) r(sts) g(inclu) r(de) g(compute)
r(r) -150 1701 y(communic) r(ation) d(netw) o(o) r(rks,) f(per) r
(formance) i(modelin) r(g) e(and) -150 1805 y(e) n(v) n(alua) r(tion.)
48 b(He) 29 b(is) h(a) f(member) h(of) g(IEEE,) d(A) l(CM,) i(The) g
(In-) -150 1909 y(terne) r(t) 23 b(Society) -6 b(,) 24
b(IEICE) e(and) i(IPSJ.) p dyy eop end
%%Trailer

userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
%%EOF